Abstract: A torch for use in welding has a first embodiment for gas metal arc welding and a second embodiment used for hot wire gas-tungsten arc welding. Both embodiments include a torch housing having a first and second end. A wire guide tube is centrally disposed within the housing. An upper electrode contact tip, a lower electrode contact tip and a dielectric material disposed therebetween are positioned at one end of the wire guide tube. An inner power cooling assembly comprises a first cylindrical member concentrically disposed about the wire guide tube and provides electric power to the upper electrode contact tip. The inner power cooling assembly defines a first chamber within which cooling water is circulated in contact with the upper electrode contact tip. An outer power cooling assemblycomprises a second cylindrical member and is electrically isolating from the inner power assembly.

Abstract: An improved system for underwater oxy-arc cutting of a work piece, and a unique cutting rod used in such cutting work. This rod has an outer ferrous metal tube which contains a metal liner, which liner may in turn be comprised of a plurality of metal wires spaced in a circular pattern along the inner circumference of the tube. Oxygen is passed through a central passageway within the tube near but less than at sonic flows to avoid arc bounce. DC current (200-400 amperes) flows between the rod and work piece to form an arc consuming the rod at a rate between about 0.09-0.20 inches per second. The cross-sectional areas of the tube and the wires are about equal and the central passageway is less than one-half of either the tube or wires in cross-sectional areas. The rod is made (non-thermic) by sealing the tube about the wires or by use of aluminum or copper wires. Optimized parameters in underwater cutting of the work piece is applied, i.e. cutting rate, oxygen consumption, current magnitude and rod consumption.

Abstract: The gas metal arc welding process of the present invention extends the axial spray metal transfer range with a non rotating arc from 10 to 25 lbs/hr using an electrode wire diameter between 0.035 to 0.052 inches. The process is carried out by maintaining an electrode extension of between 3/4 to 11/4 inches with a three component shielding gas mixture consisting essentially of argon and oxygen in combination with carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide in a volume proportion of oxygen 1-2% carbon dioxide 8-15%, balance argon. The arc voltage is maintained in a range of between 29 and 40 volts.

Abstract: A fire extingushing system for an electric welding apparatus is disclosed having a source of inert gas which can be activated by switches (27, 28) in a torch (20) which provides a two-step flow of gas through magnetic valves (40, 44). In the preferred embodiment, a low level flow of 3 to 5 liters is provided by activating one of the switches and a fire extinguishing and cleaning flow of 10 to 40 kiloliters is provided by activating the remaining switch. The operator of the system can extinguish a newly started fire and clean the welding tip without need to put the apparatus down and obtain other equipment for these purposes.

Abstract: A shielding gas for use in electric arc welding is disclosed. The gas comprises a mixture of helium, argon, 1.75% to 2.25% carbon dioxide and 0.25% to 1.0% oxygen (by volume). Use of the gas enables slag-free welds which accept readily paint applied by an electrostatic deposition process.

Abstract: A welding method forms a fiber reinforced weld in a fiber metal matrix composite. Novel weld rods or consumable electrodes for introducing the fibers to the molten weld pool are disclosed. Reinforcing fibers are added to a molten weld pool that is initially substantially free of fibers. The fibers strengthen the weld. The concentration of the fiber should be controlled so that the viscosity of the pool remains suitable for welding.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for removing spatter from a torch of a gas shielded arc welding apparatus. After a series of welding operations are completed, pressurized air mixed with a small amount of oil is injected through a passage defined between a member supplying a welding electrode and a gas nozzle. This oil emitted adheres to the surface of the electrode supply member and the gas nozzle, thereby generating an oil film thereon. The pressurized air removes any spatter on the apparatus and the oil film prevents any further spatter from adhering to the surface.

Abstract: A flexible trailing shield for providing nonreactive gas shielding to arc lding operations comprises a housing formed of interlocking transverse segments adapted to flexibly cover weld surfaces having varying configurations. The housing has a torch entrance port for slidably receiving a welding torch, a conduit for receiving gas into the housing, a foraminous material to uniformly distribute the gas within the housing, and a pervious structure through which the gas is dispersed over the weld surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a ball bond between a fine wire such as aluminum wire and a surface with the ball bond being approximately radially symmetric about a principal axis of a portion of the wire. The apparatus may include a plurality of electrodes radially spaced about the wire to define gaps between each electrode and the tip of the wire and a plurality of resistance elements. A voltage source may be connected to form a circuit consisting of plural electrically parallel legs, each of which includes the series combination of a resistance element, an electrode and an arc path between the electrode and the tip of the wire. A molten ball is formed at the end of the wire when arcs are essentially simultaneously produced between the electrodes and the tip of the wire. In a preferred embodiment, the resistances of the resistance elements are approximately equal.

Abstract: A narrow gap welding torch using a twisted wire center electrode. The torch has water-cooled gas bars and a water-cooled center. The gas bar delivers shielding gas to the weld site at a flow of about 100 cu.ft./hr. The water-cooled gas bars and center bars prevent splatter from adhering to the torch and permit the torch to operate at lower shielding gas flows. The water-cooled torch is also thin to enable gaps of narrower width to be welded which requires less weld material to be laid down and which permits welds to be accomplished more quickly and efficiently.

Abstract: A welding torch is shown with a dual shield gas flow for preventing flux buildup on the weld area for welds in confined spaces. The torch has a wire conduit for receiving an advancing supply of welding wire. The wire conduit has a curved end portion for guiding the welding wire toward the weld area and has an opening through which the welding wire extends for welding. A primary gas conduit directs the flow of primary shield gas and has an open, gas dispensing end adjacent the wire conduit opening. A secondary shield gas source located rearward of the gas dispensing end directs the flow of secondary shield gas in the direction of the weld area. The secondary shield gas flow is arranged to surround the primary gas flow in the direction of the weld. The orientation of the primary gas exiting the primary gas conduit induces the flow of secondary gas to change direction to provide additional gas shielding for the weld area.

Abstract: A gas shielded arc welding torch is described which uses a consumable electrode wire. A cylindrical support member carries a guide tube for guiding the electrode wire through the torch. An electrical contact member is pivotably mounted at the end of the torch and includes a bore through which the wire passes. A spring biases the contact member into constant engagement with the electrode wire. A gas nozzle is mounted on the cylindrical support member and is movable with the contact member to provide a uniform, constant-dimensioned shielding gas passage around the contact member regardless of the movement thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing oxidation by uniformly distributing inert shielding gas over the weld area of workpieces such as pipes being welded together. The apparatus comprises a chamber and a gas introduction element. The chamber has an annular top wall, an annular bottom wall, an inner side wall and an outer side wall connecting the top and bottom walls. One side wall is a screen and the other has a portion defining an orifice. The gas introduction element has a portion which encloses the orifice and can be one or more pipes. The gas introduction element is in fluid communication with the chamber and introduces inert shielding gas into the chamber. The inert gas leaves the chamber through the screen side wall and is dispersed evenly over the weld area.

Abstract: A gas metal arc welding gun includes a power cable in which the power conductors are asymmetrically distributed in a crescent between a gas conduit and a sheath in order to improve flexibility of the power cable. The welding gun includes a head assembly which includes a head that defines an internal annular ridge between a contact tip and a free end of an electrode liner. This annular ridge serves as a stop for the contact tip, as a centering guide for the electrode liner, and as a shield to protect the electrode from welding spatter. The welding gun includes a two-piece handle which includes a tongue and aperture guide at one end, and an interlocking flange guide at the other end. The two guides restrict movement between the two housing parts to axial movement, and a snap ring locks the two housing parts in a desired assembled position.

Abstract: A gas seal for a MIG gun system for preventing the leakage of shielding gas out the rear end thereof which includes a connector assembly, which seal is embodied in an elongated tubular member which has an outside diameter sized to be positioned extending into a bore extending through the connector assembly of the MIG gun welding system. The tubular member has flange means on one end including an outwardly extending annular flange which has a surface adapted when installed to be in surface-to-surface contact with the connector assembly adjacent the bore therethrough to form a seal therebetween, and an inwardly extending flange defining an opening of a size to permit welding wire to move therethrough. The inwardly extending flange and the adjacent portion of the tubular member form a cavity on the upstream side of the inwardly extending flange. A resilient member is positioned in the cavity upstream of the opening defined by the inwardly extending flange.

Abstract: A gas shielded arc torch for welding or cutting having a torch head surrounding a collet assembly including a collet body and a slotted collet for gripping and positioning an electrode within the torch head and a torch cap for locking the collet within the collet body. The torch cap has a taper for engaging the unslotted end of the collet and the collet body has a taper for engaging the slotted end of the collet. The taper in the torch cap is substantially larger than the taper in the collet body.

Abstract: A hot wire welding torch assembly includes a nonconsumable metal electrode 12, a filler metal 6 fed to a weld puddle 11 fomed by an arc 10, a collet body 15 for holding the electrode, a shielding gas nozzle 3, and a torch body 1 molded from a synthetic resin for coaxially mounting the collet body and shielding gas nozzle. A highly dielectric and heat-proof insulating bushing 14 is provided between the torch body and a clamping holder 2 for mounting the torch body 1 to a filler metal torch 4 to prevent any relative slippage between the two torches and avoid electrical shock hazards.

Abstract: A wire heating torch is mounted closely parallel to a TIG torch 1, and includes a slide base 28 having a vertically adjustable slide shaft 36 disposed therein. A rotatably adjustable slide member 27 is mounted to the lower end of the slide shaft, and carries an angularly disposed guide member 26 for directing the feed of an electrically heated welding wire 5. A conduit cable 44 for the torch includes an electrical power cable 45 and a wire feed liner 60 wrapped by a spring tube 50, both encased within a thermally shrinkable insulating tube 64 to form an integral assembly.

Abstract: A gas-metal-arc welding method is provided for high speed, high melting rate, substantially spatter-free, all-position welding. The method is particularly useful for out-of-position welding, that is, to produce vertical, inclined and overhead welds. A consumable wire electrode is held within and fed through the tubular contact tip of a continuous feed type welding gun having a tubular nozzle surrounding and extending beyond the tip. A shielding gas, formed of unique ratios of a minor proportion of a carbon dioxide and oxygen mixture combined with a major proportion of an argon and helium mixture, is flowed in a substantially longitudinally laminar pattern between the nozzle and contact tip and along the electrode extension from the tip. The contact tip is cooled, and sufficiently high power electrical current is passed through the contact tip and electrode extension to produce the arc and to melt the end of the electrode into molten drops for short-circuiting (e.g., low current) or for spray (e.g.

Abstract: An improved system (50) for shielding a circumferential region about elongate workpieces from air contamination during welding or heat treatment includes a pair of generally cylindrical shields (52, 54) which define central openings for receiving the workpieces, and which are positioned in longitudinally spaced apart relationship about the joint or region to be welded or heat treated. The shields (52, 54) are of symmetrical but otherwise identical construction. For example, the shield (52) includes a first annular chamber (70) and associated annular diffuser positioned adjacent the process zone, and a second annular chamber (86) and associated cylindrical diffuser (90) extending away from the zone. The chambers (70, 86) are connected to independent sources of inert gas, which flows both into and out away from the process zone to eliminate air contamination from aspiration and the like.

Abstract: In order to improve electric arc penetration of an arc welding torch, the angles of convergence .alpha. and .beta. of a sleeve and a nozzle of the torch are selected within an area which is inscribed in a quadrangular figure defined by the coordinates (.alpha., .beta.) with corners, or apices, at the four following points:______________________________________ .alpha. = 17.5 degrees S'.sub.1 : .beta. = 27.5 degrees .alpha. = 7.2 degrees S'.sub.2 : .beta. = 20 degrees .alpha. = 7.5 degrees S'.sub.3 : .beta. = 15 degrees .alpha. = 17.5 degrees S'.sub.4 : .beta. = 7.5 degrees ______________________________________The disclosed arc welding torch is favorably employed in an inert gas welding process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fluid baffle assembly suitable for use in water-cooled welding or cutting torches for providing a fluid passageway for efficient cooling of the torch head. The baffle assembly is comprised of a thin arcuate baffle member held in compression within the cylindrical outer sleeve of the torch head and about the inner body portion of the torch head so as to bifurcate the upstream portion of the water cooling area between the sleeve and the outer body portion of the torch head into separate water inlet and outlet channels. The inlet and outlet channels terminate at the lower end of the baffle in an annular water cooling chamber and at their upper ends communicate with water inlet and outlet tubes so that cooling water can flow from the inlet tube down the inlet channel, about the lower portion of the torch head in the annular water cooling chamber and out the outlet tube via the outlet channel.

Abstract: Welding of deep penetration is obtained in a sustrate by a method which comprises first melting the joint portion of the substrates by MIG welding and then focusing a laser beam in the bottom surface of a crater formed in consequence of the MIG welding thereby effecting laser welding of the crater.

Abstract: A three o'clock welding method in a narrow groove, wherein a lateral butt welded joint is formed by carrying out welding in a narrow groove. The narrow groove is inclined with respect to the horizontal in such a manner that the center face of substantially parallel upper and lower groove faces is lowered on the initial layer side, when the welding is performed.

Abstract: A torch for gas-shielded arc welding in a deep narrow groove comprises a current contact torch bit (1) with an electrode (2) and a nozzle for supplying the shielding gas to the welding zone, which communicates with a gas-feeding tube (4) and is provided with at least one row of horizontally arranged holes (5). The nozzle is a closed chamber (3) made as a symmetrical wedge whose sharp edge faces the electrode (2) and is in one plane with the axis thereof. The side walls and bottom of the chamber (3) feature at least one additional row of holes (6) whose axes lie in one plane approximately perpendicular to the walls (7) of the groove.The torch is designed primarily for welding of very thick workpieces.

Abstract: In an apparatus and a method of at least partially suppressing oxidation of can components or the like during resistance roller welding with the aid of an inert gas, the steps include welding the can components to one another, so as to obtain a hot welding seam, supplying the inert gas to the hot welding seam so as to envelop it at least partially, and to create a region of the inert gas in contact with the surrounding atmosphere, so that oxidation of the hot welding seam is at least partially suppressed.

Abstract: An apparatus for gas-shielded arc welding comprises a mechanism (1) for guiding and feeding an electrode to a welding zone (3), a nozzle (4) for feeding a protective gas medium to the welding zone (3) and a TV transmission camera (6) for realtime monitoring of the welding process. A cover plate (8) made of an optically transparent material is provided at the end (7) of the gas nozzle (4) which is remote from the welding zone (3), and a lens (9) of the TV camera (6) is installed above the cover plate (8) coaxially therewith. The distance ("a") from the cover plate (8) to the lens (9) is selected in such a manner that the zone (3) of sharpness of the lens is located beyond the edge (11) of the gas nozzle (4) which is adjacent to the welding zone (10) and extends over the components of the welding process.An apparatus for gas-shielded arc welding is designed preferably for welding thick plate materials, for example, pressure vessel casings.

Abstract: An improved welding torch which includes a contact member constituted by a power feeding member having a through-opening for passing a consumable electrode wire and a support member for supporting the power feeding member, an electrode wire guide member covered, at least at its forward end portion, by the contact member, with at least the forward end portion of the guide member and the contact member being arranged to be movable with respect to each other in direction intersecting generally at right angles with an axis of the electrode wire, and a pressure member for relatively urging the contact member and the guide member for holding the electrode wire.

Abstract: A multi-position method is provided for gas metal arc welding thick aluminum alloy plates in a single welding pass on each surface of the plates. A first plate edge is provided with a tongue portion having (1) a land surface abutting a portion of a second plate edge, and (2) two arcuate J-shaped side surfaces, each adjoining the land surface at opposite ends thereof and each adjoining its respective side surface of the first plate at an angle approximating 90.degree.. The J-shaped side surfaces and second plate edge surface cooperate to define a modified double-J welding groove. The plates are welded together in a single pass on each side thereof by first depositing a weld bead in the modified J groove on one side of the plates and then, after this bead has sufficiently solidified, a second weld bead is deposited in a single pass in the modified double-J groove on the other side of the plates.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for forming a ball at the end of bonding wire or lead wire held in a capillary wire holding and bonding tool for ball bonding of the lead wire to an integrated circuit chip. The method of ball formation is of the type in which the end of the bonding wire is enclosed in a shroud or shield and the shield and the end of the bonding wire are flooded with an inert cover gas. Ball formation is accomplished by electrically discharging an arc between the bonding wire and the shroud for melting and forming the ball at the end of the wire. A passageway is provided for delivering and mixing hydrogen gas into the inert cover gas delivery line at a location upstream from the shroud sufficient for complete mixing. The rate of flow of hydrogen gas is metered and controlled for adjusting the percent by volume of hydrogen in the cover gas mixture to a desired range.

Abstract: A welding wire gun operable in the high temperature environment of a high current density welding system. The welding gun includes a tubular member through which welding wire and shielding gas are adapted to pass. A gas diffuser member is mounted upon one end of the tubular member and, in turn, supports a welding tip therein such that the end of the welding tip projects beyond the diffuser in the direction of the joint to be welded. Additionally, the welding gun is constructed to provide for flowing of a coolant material around the tubular member proximate the diffuser member for maintaining the welding tip below its melting or distortion temperature. A tubular nozzle member is supported at one end from the diffuser member and extends beyond both the diffuser member and the welding tip in such a way as to define an annular shielding gas chamber about the diffuser and welding tip.

Abstract: An electric arc welding gas system utilizing a welding gas comprising a mixture of argon, helium, carbon dioxide and oxygen; electrode currents in the range of 100 to 1100 amperes so as to form electrode metal globules of at least the size of the electrode diameter at the rate of 400 to 1200 globules per second.

Abstract: A gas consuming electric welding torch has a swiveling torch head which is angularly oriented with respect to the torch handle. Inert gas and electrical current flow through a conductive passageway into a swivel body. A swivel fastener extends through the swivel body and is fastened to threads in a piece extending radially from the torch head. Insert gas may flow through the swivel fastener and into the torch head.

Abstract: An inflatable, inert-gas purged welding chamber assembly ideally suited for use in welding workpieces made of a metal (e.g., titanium), or of an alloy, which is susceptible to atmospheric contamination during welding. The welding chamber of the assembly is defined by a collapsible, reusable, inflatable member (e.g., a polyethylene bag) that is releasably connected to a closeable opening in a wall member. The inflatable member, while in a collapsed condition and while containing the workpieces to be welded and the accessories therefor (e.g., a welding torch, extra tungsten electrodes, and filler wires) on a shelf protruding from the wall member, is purged of air (i.e., the ambient atmosphere) by the use of an inert gas (e.g., argon), thereby inflating the collapsed member and creating an inert gas environment in which the air-contaminable workpieces can be welded without fear of contamination.

Abstract: A welding gun handle assembly connectable to a supply cable supplying a consumable welding electrode, shielding gas and electrical power, all under the control of a trigger operated switch in the handle assembly including a relocatable thumb rest which may be attached on either side of the handle assembly above the trigger of the switch so that the trigger may be operated in a natural manner by both right and left handed operators, a grip portion having finger grooves for placing at least one finger over the trigger of the switch, cooling vents through the handle assembly to permit circulation of cooling air therethrough, connection apparatus for connecting the welding gun to the supply cable, a gooseneck assembly and an adapter on the handle for connection therewith and a replaceable liner for guiding the consumable welding electrode from the connection apparatus to the welding gun, through the removable gooseneck.

Abstract: When metal inert gas (MIG) welding is carried out at normal atmospheric pressure, the electrode is made positive with respect to the workpiece because the use of a negative electrode gives little penetration. In undersea welding, as the pressure increases the arc stability and metal transfer in MIG welding become erratic and there is copious fume evolution. According to the present invention, MIG welding at pressures greater than 7 bars is carried out with the electrode negative with respect to the workpiece and with an electrode wire of diameter not greater than 1.4 mm; the slope of the power supply, as seen from the welding arc, is preferably between 6 and 15 V/100 A, which is higher than the 3 to 4 V/100 A used in positive-electrode MIG welding at normal atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A plasma torch includes an annular cathode having an annular peripheral edge from which an arc is discharged. A pair of annular nozzle elements are coaxially disposed on the opposite sides of the cathode. Each nozzle element has an annular edge hanging over the annular peripheral edge of the cathode, and the annular edges of the nozzle elements define therebetween an annular outlet opening for the torch. Gas is introduced between the cathode and the nozzle elements and emitted through the annular outlet opening in a plasma jet. A magnetic field is developed across the annular outlet opening to cause the plasma jet to rotate along the annular peripheral edge of the cathode for its uniform emission from the entire perimeter of the annular outlet opening.

Abstract: A gas shielded plasma arc torch having a collet for receiving and gripping an electrode wherein the collet has a portion with a substantially spherical surface geometry for engagement with and rotation in first and second seating means within the torch and means for locking the position of the collet thereby locking and fixing the position of the electrode with respect to the torch.

Abstract: A flux-cored wire for use in gas shielded arc welding wherein flux of the following composition (weight % with regard to the entire wire) is inserted as a core into a metallic casing and the whole hydrogen content (H) of the wire is defined as 15 ppm .ltoreq.H.ltoreq.139+440F ppm (F: the weight % of fluorine with regard to the entire wire):______________________________________ Metal fluoride (as fluorine) 0.025-0.35% preferably, 0.025-0.27% Metal carbonate .ltoreq.0.5 One or more selected from Al, Ti, V and Ca .ltoreq.0.75% TiO.sub.2 3.5-7.4% SiO.sub.2 .ltoreq.2.0% MgO and/or ZrO.sub.2 0.03-1.2% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .ltoreq.1.5% C .ltoreq.0.15% Mn 1.2-3.0% Si 0.3-1.2%.

Abstract: An electric soldering iron having an elongated heater barrel extending from a handle and a soldering tip projecting from the end of the barrel is provided with a thermally isolated fume exhausting attachment positioned coaxially of the barrel and surrounding the tip for withdrawing objectionable fumes, gases, smoke and other air-borne contaminants from the soldering site. The attachment includes a metallic shell having a forward hood portion, overlying the tip and forming a fume exhaust chamber connected to a vacuum source by an exhaust conduit including a flexible transparent plastic tube portion, and a rearward slotted clamping portion secured to the front end of the barrel by a clamping ring. A compressible thermally insulative sleeve of alumina silicate fibers is interposed between the clamping portion and the barrel for thermally insulating the attachment from the heated barrel to preclude burn injury to the user of the iron.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gas shielded welding torch of the TIG type, having a removable head portion to readily accommodate heads of different angular configurations. The torch includes a body portion which can be either air or water cooled, a removable head portion threadably engaged with the body portion, a nozzle, an electrode assembly carried within the head portion and means for directing an inert gas to the nozzle and electrical current to the electrode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing "arc blow" in multi-electrode welding of a metallic workpiece. Arc blow is produced by interaction between the magnetic fields produced by the closely spaced arcs and electrodes, and takes the form of the end arcs being attracted inwardly towards the others. This reduces the welding efficiency and the maximum welding speed. The invention reduces or eliminates the arc blow by providing shunts made of magnetically permeable material close to the arc-producing ends of the electrodes at the two ends of the row of electrodes. This reduces the concentration of magnetic flux in these regions and reduces the deviation of the end arcs. The invention can be applied wherever multi-electrode welding is used, but is especially useful when the workpiece is made of aluminum as arc blow is a particular problem with this metal.

Abstract: A gas shielded, flux-cored welding electrode for vertical or overhead welding as well as for horizontal or flat welding is disclosed having a generally tubular metal sheath and a core defined within the sheath, wherein the core includes a slag forming system based, primarily, on about 2-7.5% of the fluorides of calcium and/or strontium.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to MIG welding. In order to obtain an instantaneous short circuit type of metal transfer in the process using only a pure inert gas shield a small amount of rare earth elements is added to the weld wire. The amount of rare earth added is between 0.02%-0.03% by weight of the wire.

Abstract: In welding or working operations using an electric arc a nitrogen compound is introduced into the working or welding area for the purpose of decomposing ozone in said area. The nitrogen compound is preferably purely nitric oxide, but may also be nitrous oxide (N.sub.2 O) or ammonia (NH.sub.3).

Abstract: A method is provided of vertical gas metal-arc two-sided welding of thick plate in a single welding pass on each surface of the plate. The method includes providing a first weld groove on one surface of the plate into which a weld bead is deposited in a single pass. Thereafter, a second weld groove is formed on the opposite surface of the plates by removing base plate material along the joining line to a depth extending at least to the first weld bead penetrating from the welding pass in the first weld groove. The plates are further joined together by depositing a weld bead in a single pass along the second welding groove. The welding is provided by impressing a direct electric current of from 290 to 420 amperes between an electrode and the plates shielded primarily by argon gas.A metal article and a welded joint are also provided.

Abstract: A method of welding utilizing consumable and non-consumable electrodes blanketed with inert gas to weld with a minimal amount or no preheating.

Abstract: A welding torch for arc welding includes a housing, a contact tube having a polygonal cross-section disposed in the housing, and a securing device for replaceably securing the contact tube within the housing.

Abstract: A fabricated electrode is disclosed in the form of an elongated or continuous metallic sheath, composed for example of cold-rolled mild steel, and containing specific components somewhat uniformly distributed along its length, and for use in shielded-arc welding. Specifically, the composite provides a stainless steel and includes: a major percentage of iron; a limited amount, however, at least about 09.00 percent by weight of alloying metal, e.g. chromium; from about 0.01 to about 0.08 percent by weight of carbon and further including titanium in an unconventionally large amount .[.of at least about six times the percentage by weight of the carbon in the composite.].. Advantages are disclosed for the provision of the titanium in the form of ferrotitanium, and the chromium in the form of ferrochromium, a major portion of which has a small particle size. Also as disclosed, the composite further includes deoxidizing agents, e.g. manganese and silicon.