Abstract: Surface-treated metallic workpieces such as zinc-plated steel plates are welded with high quality while they are being held in intimate contact with each other. An auxiliary gas including an oxygen gas is ejected from a space (7) around an electrode (1) through a nozzle (8) to a welding point (9) on overlapping surface-treated metallic workpieces such as zinc-plated steel plates (3a, 3b). When the zinc-plated steel plates (3a, 3b) are welded in the atmosphere of the auxiliary gas, the surface layers of zinc and oxygen react with each other, producing a solid oxide such as zinc oxide or zinc peroxide. Therefore, a gas such as a zinc vapor is prevented from being produced between the overlapping zinc-plated steel plates (3a, 3b). The welded joint is of high quality without blowholes which would otherwise blow away molten steel.

Abstract: A shielding gas for flux cored arc welding. The specific gas combination is intended to promote significantly lower fume emission levels while providing equivalent or better welding performance.

Abstract: An automatic welding apparatus and an automatic milling apparatus for machining welding grooves in order to weld a three-dimensional surface such as a ball tank or the like are disclosed. A welding wire spool is accommodated within a case and a cover to prevent the welding wire from being oxidized and from being contaminated with foreign materials. The automatic milling apparatus is installed to form welding grooves on the both sides of the objects to be welded, in the case where a welding is performed on a three-dimensional curved surface. A guide roller having a handle is installed to control the machining depth of the grooves, and an idling type nylon guide roller is installed in closed contact with the shaft of a cutter, thereby adjusting the distance between the rail and the groove, and adjusting the deviations of the depth of the grooves, which are caused by the machining inaccuracies due to the deviations of the three-dimensional curvature.

Abstract: An inert gas nitrogen mixture is used as a shielding gas to prevent weld hot cracking in superalloys containing zirconium and/or boron. The gas mixture preferably contains argon and about 2 to 8% by volume nitrogen. Test data show excellent results are obtained when gas tungsten arc welding HAYNES 214 alloy which normally contains boron and zirconium and a minimal content of titanium.

Abstract: An automatic welding system uses an anti-gravitational welding controller to minimize or eliminate the undercutting and concavity of the roots of the welds caused by gravitational effects. The pressure within the pipes to be welded is continually changed as the welder orbits the pipes. At the upper section of the weld, positive pressure is applied to the pipes to eliminate undercutting at the upper surface of the weld and negative pressure (vacuum) is applied to the lower section of the weld to eliminate concavity of the root of the weld. In one mode, the internal pressure within the pipes is varied as a function of the position of the orbital welder. In another mode, the arc voltage at the tip of the weld, i.e., the distance between the tip of the weld and the surface of the weld, is maintained constant by varying the pressure within the pipes. The system allows for the completion of high quality welds with less weld material, less passes, and less time.

Abstract: A weld root shield device includes an inert gas supply tube having an open end together with a toroidal inert gas supply chamber having orifices therein surrounding the open end of the gas supply tube for replacing air that could be aspirated by inert gas emerging from the open end of the gas supply tube with inert gas emerging from the orifices of the toroidal supply chamber. The shield device is positioned over the weld root being produced by operation of the welding torch, thereby to protect the weld root from oxidation by the atmosphere. The welding torch and the weld root shield device can travel together as an elongated weld is being formed.

Abstract: A chamber includes a plurality of chamber elements, forming a chamber having a bottom, sides, ends and an open top, and a support wire for flexibly linking the chamber elements.

Abstract: A method of welding in which an inert gaseous shield at a welding zone is provided by a mixture of gases of different densities. The proportions of the individual gases in the mixture are controlled to ensure that the density of the gas mixture is about the same as the density of the surrounding atmospheric air. Cryogenic means may be used to form a condensed gas plug in a pipe or the like to be welded.

Abstract: A device for flooding a weld junction between two devices with a protective gas has a double wall body received in the pipes and bridging the junction with sealing rings received in end chambers of the body braced against inner surfaces of the pipe. An intermediate chamber is bounded outwardly by a cylindrical shell of fine-pore sintered metal and has an inner wall provided with at least one fitting for connecting a supply pipe for the protective gas thereto. Between the intermediate chamber and at least one of the end chambers, at least one outlet chamber is formed to discharge excess protective gas through a throttle on an inner wall of the outlet chamber.

Abstract: A battery-powered welder delivers limited DC current to a workpiece without substantial reduction in applied voltage. The DC current is limited by utilizing a tungsten member in series between the battery and an arcing electrode. There is specifically disclosed a TIG welder embodiment.

Abstract: A sliding backpurge device for supplying shielding gas to an arc welding process comprises a concave primary gas chamber surrounded by inner and outer seals which define a pressurized secondary gas chamber therebetween. Pressurized secondary gas is supplied to the secondary gas chamber and primary gas is supplied to the primary chamber. Any leaks which do form, minimize impact on the shield gas within the primary chamber despite sliding engagement of the inner and outer seals over the surface to be welded since secondary gas rather than atmospheric gas leaks into the primary chamber.

Abstract: A device for hindgas coverage in welding tube pieces (2,3) together comprises two sealing devices (5,6) connected by a rod (7). The sealing devices comprise a first web part (10) with sealing means (8) and a supply duct (11) for hindgas, and a second web part (9) with sealing means (8,25) and discharge ducts (19,20) for controlled outflow of gas to the surroundings. Some of the surfaces of each web part have a two-dimensional curvature (26) for forming the sealing means (8), e.g. rubber discs.

Abstract: A shielding gas for the arc welding of aluminum consists of argon or mixtures of argon and helium. The shielding gas also includes an admixture of 80 ppm to 250 ppm of nitrogen.

Abstract: Argon having a high degree of purity or else a mixture having a high degree of purity consisting of argon, helium, hydrogen, oxygen and/or carbon dioxide are used as the inert gas for TIG, MIG, MAG and plasma welding. For purposes of improving the welding result, 80 ppm to 250 ppm, preferably 120 ppm to 180 ppm of nitrogen are added to the inert gas.

Abstract: A purge block with non-inflatable, disc-like seals removably mounted on either end of an elongate tube. In one embodiment, the tube is rigid and hollow and forms part of a conduit for argon or other inert gas through one of said seals to a set of discharge ports adjacent the near end of the other seal. A vent tube extends separately through the first seal. In a second embodiment, the elongate tube is semi-rigid, and a passageway is provided through each seal to discharge ports located adjacent the inner end of each seal to permit gas to flow outside the tube from the inlet end seal of the purge block to and through the outlet end seal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of welding along a pass line on a steel workpiece, which method and apparatus comprises simultaneously feeding two welding wires in generally parallel relationship toward a workpiece with extended welding wires generally intersecting the workpiece at individual points spaced from each other a distance in the range about 3/16 inch to about 3/8 inch; then creating a separate arc between each of the wires and the workpiece; passing a single protective envelope of shielding gas axially along two welding wires simultaneously and around said two separate arcs extending between welding wires and the workpiece; and, causing relative movement between the two gas shielded welding wires and the workpiece in the direction corresponding to the desired pass line on the workpiece.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and apparatus for welding or joining metal parts which comprise moving a welding torch in a direction along a joint between said parts, causing a molten pool of metal with said welding torch along the joint and directing a laminar flow of inert fluid toward a freshly welded area behind said welding torch in the form of a trailing shield whereby the freshly welded area is protected from the surrounding air during its solidification. The laminar flow or inert fluid may also be directed along the joint ahead of the welding torch in the form of a leading shield such that turbulence in and around the joint caused by a high welding speed is reduced, thereby preventing oxygen entrainment in said molten pool of metal. The laminar flow of inert fluid is usually provided through at least one diffuser having at least one porous diffusing surface which is generally provided with a screen and/or a spatter shield.

Abstract: A device for hindgas coverage in welding tube pieces (2,3) together comprises two sealing devices (5,6) connected by a rod (7). The sealing devices comprise a first web part (10) with sealing means (8) and a supply duct (11) for hindgas, and a second web part (9) with sealing means (8,25) and discharge ducts (19,20) for controlled outflow of gas to the surroundings. Some of the surfaces of each web part have a two-dimensional curvature (26) for forming the sealing means (8), e.g. rubber discs.

Abstract: A protective shield for a welding head is disclosed having an articulated construction to enable the shield to readily assume the contours of the parts to be welded or the contour of the weld bead. The shield is formed of shield members pivotally attached together and pivotally attached to the welding head. The protective shield also incorporates a locking device in each of the shield members that is activated by the pressurized protective gas directed onto the welded area. The pressurized gas urges pistons associated with each of the shield members against portions of an adjacent shield member to lock the members in their desired positions. The protective shield may be placed in its desired orientation by bringing it into contact with the parts to be welded such that the weight of the protective shield automatically causes it to assume the parts' contour. The application of the protective gas to the protective shield will automatically lock it in this position.

Abstract: This invention discloses a novel shielding gas mixture for use in gas shielded arc welding processes. The shielding gas of this invention may be used in a wide variety of processes when welding various superalloy compositions. In the broad range, the composition contains, in percent by volume, 5 to 12 helium, 0.1 to 0.9 carbon dioxide and the balance argon. The typical composition contains about 10 helium, about 0.25 to 0.55 carbon dioxide and the balance argon plus impurities.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement in a process of arc welding a work piece involving feeding a consumable electrode through a current-carrying sleeve to the arc to form a weld pool on the work piece. The improvement involves passing a stream of shielding gas inside the sleeve toward the weld pool.

Abstract: Gas mixture suitable for MAG welding at a high current using a rod filled with non-alloyed or low alloy steels, comprises 20 to 65% argon, 5 to 20% helium, and at least 30% CO.sub.2.

Abstract: A cutting device which includes an external tube, an internal tube disposed within the external tube, and a number of steel rods or wires housed within the internal tube. A squib, with or without additional fuel, is disposed within the external tube and adjacent to one end of the internal tube. A plurality of vent holes are provided on the periphery of the external tube to allow the combustion gases to exhaust therethrough. The vent holes are located away from the squib but adjacent to the end of the internal tube. One of the open ends of the external tube is sealed with a plug.

Abstract: An improved electrode construction for use in cutting and gouging where air under high pressure is used to blow away molten metal. The improvement in a structure where a carbon is employed with a covering surrounding the carbon with an air passage formed at least in part by the covering. The air passage transmits high pressure air to the area where the cutting and/or gouging takes place.

Abstract: A welding method and shielding gas therefor which enables the use of gas metal arc welding to produce smooth welds with little or no surface oxidation and without encountering arc instability during the metal deposition.

Abstract: A hindgas implement for protective gas coverage of the root of a welded seam that may be fixed to work pieces to be welded by means of vacuum chambers (11, 13) that are emptied of air via pipe branches (25). After that protective gas is fed to the root of the welded seam via a diffusor (19) and is withdrawn via outlets (21, 23). By means of this, hindgas coverage can also be achieved in welding together of major, extensive work pieces made up of plate as there is no dependence on free edges on which to clamp the hindgas device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method produces multi-level heat input for nuclear fuel rod weld formation using a single current level power supply. Different levels of electrical power are produced to achieve a low heat, high heat sequence by imposition of a sequence of inert atmospheric cover gases of different ionization energies at the welding site to regulate voltage drop and thereby electrical power level and heat input level for arc welding of the nuclear fuel rod to take place. A first cover gas, such as argon, is supplied to the weld chamber in a first welding pass for producing a high electrical current level and low heat input level, whereas a second cover gas, such as helium or a mixture of helium and argon, is supplied to the weld chamber in a second welding pass for producing low electrical current level and high heat input level.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement in the process of gas back-purging the root section of the weld during open-butt welding of pipe. The rates of gas flow in back-purging and in torch shielding are controlled and a ratio between the flow rates is established. The invention teaches a gas back-purging flow rate of about 40 CFH and a torch shielding flow rate of about 10 CFH under typical conditions to maintain a required 4 to 1 ratio of the flow rates.

Abstract: In a vessel, two tubes are mutually spaced apart by a given distance, are to be welded together at ends of the tubes, are accessible with difficulty or not at all, and one of them is introduced into the vessel through an opening in a wall of the vessel. A method and apparatus for forming a partial protective-gas atmosphere for the two tubes includes a sheath brought to a welding location through one of the tubes or through the opening for the tube in the wall of the vessel. Both of the tube ends are overlapped with the sheath or one of the tube ends is overlapped with the sheath and the sheath is placed above the opening in the wall of the vessel for the other tube. This forms a chamber about the welding location. The two tube ends are subsequently pushed toward each other until only a slight intermediate space remains therebetween. A protecive gas is subsequently introduced into the chamber through the intermediate space. The tubes are subsequently centered in a desired position for welding.

Abstract: Method of welding aligned aluminum torque tube components, comprising (i) defining a stepped square-butt joint to be welded by preforming the ends of said torque tubes and assembling such ends together in the nested condition; (ii) establishing an electrical direct current arc between a positive consumable aluminum-based electrode and said joint as cathode, the arc being shrouded in a shielding gas consisting, by volume, of 2-5% oxygen and the remainder inert gas, the current to the arc being pulsed at a frequency of 40-60 cycles per second while maintaining an average current of at least 200 amps; and (iii) while holding the pulsed arc in a predetermined orientation (i.e., position angle 45.degree.-60.degree., lead angle 5.degree.-15.degree., transverse angle 12.degree.) to the joint, moving the arc along the joint in a single pass at a relative speed of at least 60 inches per minute.

Abstract: An improved gas mixing apparatus for dispensing a specific ratio of two or more gases mixed together for supplying the mixture to a gas metal arc welding machine. The mixing apparatus provides gas mixing while welding operations are being performed. The apparatus includes a gas flow path defined by a pair of Y members coupled together to receive three different gases, the Y members being coupled with fittings and contained with the fittings in a housing which is relatively small in size and which is sufficiently small to be mounted on the side of a cylinder or on the side or top of a welding machine. The apparatus has no moving parts and it can be used with short arc, spray arc, pulse spray arc and gas tungsten arc processes. No adjustments of the parts of the mixing apparatus are necessary. There are no tools needed to change from one gas to another. A handle is provided for hanging the apparatus on a cylinder.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the use of metastable state of mixed gases which, when appropriately mixed, provide better control of current and voltage conditions and subsequent arc formation properties in making balls of aluminum, copper and gold with an electronic flame-off method. The specific mixtures involve inert argon mixed with small amounts of hydrogen and neon. Exceptionally well controlled balls of uniform size result.

Abstract: A gas metal arc welding process employing a shielding gas mixture consisting essentially of (A) 2 to 12 volume percent carbon dioxide, (B) 20 to 45 volume percent helium and (C) the balance argon.

Abstract: A gas-metal-arc welding process, utilizing a four-gas mixture and relatively high voltage, produces a high rate of weld metal deposition. The process involves continuously advancing the end of a meltable, thin wire electrode towards a weld metal deposit surface, while maintaining a predetermined length arc gap therebetween. A flow of shielding gas, which is formed of major proportions of argon and helium and minor proportions of carbon dioxide and oxygen, coaxially surrounds and flows along the electrode end portion and arc gap towards the deposit surface. A relatively high electrical voltage and current density are applied to the electrode. A roughly conically-shaped, hot plasma field is formed within the arc gap between the electrode end and the metal deposit surface.

Abstract: A flexible extendable backing shield for use with the welding of reactive metals such as titanium. The backing shield provides a means for selectively distributing the inert gas along the length of the shield and then diffusing the inert gas to the root side of the weld to prevent oxidation and embrittlement of the weld root. The backing shield is of modular configuration so that a plurality of the devices can be readily connected together to shield a variety of complex shapes.

Abstract: A spray mode gas metal arc welding process employing a shielding gas mixture consisting essentially of (A) 3 to 8 volume percent carbon dioxide, (B) 30 to 40 volume percent argon and (C) the balance helium.

Abstract: A novel weld chamber and process for using such weld chamber are disclosed. A flow of shielding gas through the weld chamber is regulated to provide a constant pressure in the weld chamber while the shielding gas flow sweeps away metal vapors.

Abstract: A gas-metal-arc welding process, utilizing a consumable, axially advanced, wire electrode and a four-gas shielding mixture, forms a weld bead along a vertically downwardly direction. As the bead is formed, the electrode is moved vertically downwardly in alignment with the central axis of the bead, with the tip of the electrode gapped from the weld material deposit which forms the bead. A relatively high electrical voltage and current density is applied to the electrode to produce a stable, conically-shaped hot plasma field. The field is concentric with the axis of the electrode and extends across the gap. The plasma field is positioned to transversely overlay, and to be substantially coextensive with, the full width of the bead. Molten metal globules transfer by free flight along the axis of the field, from the electrode tip across the gap to the weld deposit to laterally spread out and adhere to the deposit to form the bead.

Abstract: A trailer shield assembly (10) having a housing (24) with an open lower side and a welding torch (12) mounted so that a welding tip portion (48) of the torch (12) extends through the lower side of the housing (24). A flexible gas guide (76) is affixed to a rear wall (74) of the housing (24) and has an interior (116) in communicating relation with a welding region (34) of the housing (24). A flexible shield gas manifold (90) having a plurality of spaced openings (92) therein is disposed in an upper region (110) of the gas guide (76) and is connectible to a source (11) of shield gas. A diffuser (112) surrounds the flexible manifold and serves to distribute shield gas in an even layer downwardly to cover a hot weld. A pair of openings (96) in the flexible manifold (90) communicates with a second gas manifold (32) disposed in an upper region of the housing (24), with this second gas manifold (32) being provided with an aluminum gas diffuser (30).

Abstract: A gas shielded metal arc welding torch for joining internal walls in a workpiece such as a compressor impeller having limited access to the internal joint to be welded. A torch body is provided for remote feeding of consumable electrode wire, electric welding power, shielding gas, and a supply of cooling water to and from a small torch head. The exterior of the torch head is adpated to contact the internal walls to be joined while electrically insulating the current carrying parts from the workpiece, and to direct the consumable electrode wire and shielding gas toward the joint to be welded. The torch head is supported from the torch body by an assembly of at least three mutually coaxial fluid conducting tubes carrying shielding gas and supplying and discharging cooling water to and from the torch head. Means are provided to spring bias the torch head toward the workpiece walls and guide the torch head while movement takes place between it and the workpiece.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for accomplishing an underwater weld joint with a welding electrode between a support and an element to be welded fast onto the support in which the element to be welded fast is insulated from the ambient water with a protection cover which is disposed tightly against the free surface of the element to be welded fast and through the wall of which cover the welding electrode rotating about its longitudinal axis extends is led during the welding operation against the edges of an opening in the element to be welded fast, towards the support.

Abstract: A gas flow device for a welding electrode includes a metal sleeve to form a concentric chamber surrounding the electrode, a plastic cap enclosing the rear end of the chamber, an inert gas inlet into the chamber and a quantity of steel wool between the forward end of the chamber and the electrode.

Abstract: The cutting tip of a conventional oxy-fuel cutting and welding torch is replaced by the adaptor of the invention to convert the torch for using exothermic cutting rods or electrodes for erothermic cutting.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an adapter for easily converting existing gas metal arc welding apparatus to serve the relatively elevated gas-flow requirements of a gas-constricted arc nozzle.The adapter makes it possible to utilize a shop-air or other high-capacity source of pressurized gas, in substitution for a conventional gas cylinder, and in making the substitution the existing solenoid valve and its controls remain without change except that the solenoid valve becomes the control, for pilot operation of a main valve forming part of the adapter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for welding involving directing a high velocity stream of gas at an angle to a welding arc in the direction of travel of the welding arc and onto the molten pool of metal formed by the arc as the molten pool solidifies, and a method and apparatus for injecting particles into the molten pool just prior to its solidification concurrently with the flow of high velocity gas.

Abstract: Metal deposition rate is increased with reduced energy input in pulsed arc welding with a consumable electrode and a shielding gas mixture of argon, helium and carbon dioxide, the helium content being in the range from about 16% to about 25% and the carbon dioxide content being from about 1% to 4%. The component gases are stored in separate containers until the welding operation during which precisely metered flows of each are entrained by a metering valve and directed to the weld region. Consistently finished welds are produced, on stainless steel, low alloy steels and nickel based alloys as well as other weldable ferrous metals, including during out of position welding operations.

Abstract: A flux cored tubular metallic arc cutting electrode having a steel tube with a core composition of particulate carbonaceous material which is drawn and compacted within the steel tube by reducing the size of the tube. Preferably the carbonaceous material contains at least 75% carbon and additive selected from the group consisting of arc stabilizers, fluxing agents, and gas formers. The electrode is characterized in use by reduced dross formation.

Abstract: A gas shield chamber for enclosing a welding joint of a pair of rails during the arc welding of the welding joint. A pair of side backing plates are each held in contact with the groove at one side of the rails within the chamber and the side backing plates are respectively movable independently of each other by a pair of drives having manual-powered operation change-over means. The ratio of respective flow rates of each shielding gas from respective injectors into the chamber is varied in accordance with the movement of the side backing plates. A pair of ground terminals of a welding power source are arranged on the sides of the rails.

Abstract: An electric welding torch (10) with an internal viewing system is provided an annular arc light reflector (34) to reflect light from the arc (30) back onto the workpiece. The reflector (34) has a vertical split or gap (40) in its surrounding wall to permit adjacent wall ends forming the split (40) to be sprung open slightly to permit the reflector to be removed or slipped onto the torch housing or gas cup (24). The upper opening (25) of the reflector (34) is slightly smaller than the torch housing or gas cup (24) and therefore, when placed on the torch housing or gas cup (40) has that springiness to cause it to clamp tightly on the housing or gas cup (24). The split or gap (40) also serves to permit the feed of weld wire therethrough to the weld area.

Abstract: An electric-arc discharge device includes an annular gas-flow nozzle surrounding the discharge electrode, the nozzle being configured for discharging gas flows at trans-sonic to supersonic velocity, with circumferential uniformity of the gas flow around the axis of the electrode, and directed downstream to surround and radially inwardly confine and shape the arc. The trans-sonic speeds of gas discharge are the result of special annular gas-nozzle design and suitable pressure of gas supply thereto, whereby a region of criticality characterizes gas flow within the nozzle, i.e., prior to discharge at trans-sonic speeds, the discharge being around the electrode and with such thrusting momentum as to establish shaping confinement and directional stability of the region of electric-arc development.