Abstract: A system and method for providing multi-mode control of an ultrasonic welding system. In one embodiment, the control modes include the energy of the weld, the time of the welding process and the compression displacement of the parts being welded during the welding process. The method includes providing thresholds for each of the modes, and terminating the welding process after the threshold for each mode has been reached, the threshold for more than one mode has been reached or the threshold for one of the modes has been reached. The welding control can be either open-loop or closed-loop, where the open-loop process provides the mode thresholds and once one or more of those thresholds is reached the welding process is terminated. The closed-loop control provides feedback of the weld energy and/or the compression displacement so that the weld power and/or weld pressure can be increased or decreased accordingly.

Abstract: A joining method includes melting a hot melt joining material provided between a board and a component to be joined to the board; and reducing the pressure of the ambient atmosphere of the hot melt joining material and tilting the board while the hot melt joining material is in a molten state.

Abstract: A method for an explosion welding process to form composite pipes, such as for nuclear power equipment. The explosive welding process includes: (1) An explosives preparation method in which low detonation velocity explosives are produced by using powdery emulsion explosives as a base. The base is mixed completely and evenly with a certain amount of powdered pearl salt, wherein the size of pearl salt particle is 100-200 mesh, and the ratio of emulsion explosives versus pearl salt is between about 3-5:1. (2) An experimental formula for determining the diameter gap between an inner lining tube and its base tube, which is s=?·r or s=k?·r. and (3) A method of inhibiting the negative influence on welding quality caused by the gap between a base tube and a mold, wherein: the roughness of the base tube outer surface is kept less than that of the mold's inner surface, with the difference in surface roughness being maintained within two-grades. In certain cases, a layer of 1.0±0.

Abstract: A method for joining component bodies of material over bonding regions of large dimensions by disposing a plurality of substantially contiguous sheets of reactive composite materials between the bodies and adjacent sheets of fusible material. The contiguous sheets of the reactive composite material are operatively connected by an ignitable bridging material so that an igniting reaction in one sheet will cause an igniting reaction in the other. An application of uniform pressure and an ignition of one or more of the contiguous sheets of reactive composite material causes an exothermic thermal reaction to propagate through the bonding region, fusing any adjacent sheets of fusible material and forming a bond between the component bodies.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to methods and apparatus of connecting wellbore tubulars by explosive welding, using a frangible anvil, and reforming a surface of wellbore tubulars at a connection. In one embodiment, a first tubular is aligned proximate a second tubular such that an inside diameter of the first tubular and an outside diameter of the second tubular form an annular space, a frangible anvil is disposed in a bore defined by the tubulars, and an explosive charge placed around the outside surface of the first tubular is detonated. In another embodiment, tubulars are aligned, connected by explosive welding, and then reformed at the connection.

Abstract: A method of producing an hermetically sealed bond between a first metal and a second metal wherein the first metal comprises a first portion and a second portion, the method comprising (a) positioning the second portion and the second metal in generally spaced apart parallel relation; and (b) propelling the first portion into collision with the second metal so as to produce the hermetically sealed bond between the first portion and the second metal. The propulsion is preferably effected by a high velocity explosive charge of 5,500-9,000 m/s. The improved resultant bond is hermetically sealed. The process is of value in providing an hermetically sealed chamber, cavity or envelope having improved sealed properties.

Abstract: The method comprises explosively bonding a NiTi alloy to a steel workpiece formed in the shape of at least a portion of a desired hydraulic device. The nickel content of the NiTi alloy is sufficient to place the alloy substantially completely in the .beta. phase at or about room temperature. This nickel content is typically between about 55 weight percent to about 56 weight percent. The NiTi alloy is provided in the form of a strip having a thickness of from about 0.01 inch (0.25 mm) to about 1.0 inch (25 mm). After annealing, the NiTi alloy again is heated, to increase the ductility of the NiTi alloy. The NiTi alloy typically is maintained at this temperature and explosively bonded to the workpiece to cover at least a portion of the surface area with the NiTi alloy. The present invention also includes NiTi-metal composites made according to the process of the present invention. These NiTi-metal composites are superior for resisting cavitation erosion and LDE when compared to conventional materials.

Abstract: It is known to form a composite laminar metal structure, wherein two or more overlapping metal plates (11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32) are metallurgically bonded at their interfaces, impelling the plates (11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32) together by means of detonating an explosive charge (19), bonding of the plates (11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32) at selected areas (13) being prevented by covering the plates (11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32) at the selected ares (13) with a stopping-off material. The present invention improves this by providing metal sheet (14, 24, 34) which is placed in intimate contact with the stopping-off material, the metal sheet (14, 24, 34) being capable of metallurgically bonding to an adjacent metal plate (12, 21, 23, 32) at each selected area (13).

Abstract: A sleeve containing an explosive charge which is explosively welded along a tapered end to the inner surface of a tube for repairing a damaged section of the tube. No mechanical support is needed along the outer surface of the tube despite the explosive expansion and welding of the sleeve. The explosive charge is tapered at the end of the sleeve. A charge assembly for carrying the explosive charge includes a flange for centering the sleeve in the tube and for establishing a stand-off distance between the sleeve and the tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing explosion-welded joints between the pipe or pipe lines. By carefully evaluating and testing the configuration of the ends of the pipes to be joined and also the functioning of the charge system, together with a system for encapsulating the charge and for determining the position of the charge during a welding sequence, it has been possible to provide a practical and reproduceable system which escapes the drawbacks of partial and poor weld bonds, cold-work hardening of the pipe material, and surface damage encountered with known systems of this kind. The method has been applied and tested on ferritic stainless material, so-called Duplex material, and on all carbon steel grades used in the production of pipe lines.

Abstract: A rotating or moving metal component such as a blade for a gas turbine engine is made from a composite bar of titanium alloy with the sides of the bar having a surface layer of e.g. nickel which is less likely to ignite in particle form or by frictional heating when present in oxygen or air. After the surface layer has been bonded to the titanium alloy it is then parted to provide sections which extend perpendicularly to the plane of the surface layers. Each parted section may then be machined into a blade with the nickel portion forming the tip of the blade. Alternatively, each parted section may itself form the blade tip by attachment on its titanium alloy side to a blade stem.

Abstract: A method of explosion welding magnesium-alloyed aluminium to high strength material.

Abstract: A device for use in explosive welding of two overlapping tubular or annular elements (1, 2) by an explosive charge (3). The explosive charge (3) is located in the hold of the one element (1) in front of the overlapping portion of the other element (2). The elements (1, 2) are surrounded by an annular dolly comprising a plurality of segments (4) which are individually radially movable and associated with braking means. Each segment (4) is provided with a plurality of frictional surfaces (5, 6, 7, 8) which extend radially relative to the dolly and are adjustably forcable against opposed frictional surfaces on a supporting means (9), which bridges the dolly. A device according to the invention absorbs energy efficiently and can be re-used several times without requiring adjustment or replacement of parts incorporated therein.

Abstract: An improved process for metallugically bonding two layers of metal capable of forming brittle intermetallics, by means of propelling one of the layers progressively into collision along the other layer at a velocity and impact angle selected to produce a substantially straight bond along a common interfacial region of contact between the layers; and includes the welded product formed thereby.

Abstract: At the jointing of pipelines (3), especially underwater, as well as at the repair of damaged portions, a jointing piece (1) must be inserted because the two pipe ends (5) cannot entirely be jointed with precision. The invention proposes an explosive welding method with two explosive charges (2), by which method such a jointing piece (1) can be welded-in rapidly and simply and the joint can be checked from the outside of the pipe.

Abstract: The invention is a tool and process to be used in explosive joining of tubes. The tool consists of an initiator 81, a tool form 82 and a ribbon explosive 25. The assembled tool 80 is a compact, storable and safe device suitable for explosive joining of small, lightweight tubes down to 0.20 inch in diameter. The invention is inserted into a tube 51 to be welded which tube has itself been inserted into either another tube 52 or a tube plate. A shim or standoff between the two surfaces to be welded is necessary. Initiation of the explosive inside the tube results in a high velocity, angular collision between the mating surfaces. This collision creates surface melts and collision bonding wherein electron-sharing linkups are formed.

Abstract: A patch unit apparatus and method for expeditiously closing openings in metal walls by explosive welding. The patch unit comprises a metal plate having on one side an explosive charge located near the plate perimeter, and having on the opposite side a continuous double angled recess surface. After cleaning the wall surface, the patch unit is placed centrally over an opening to be closed and initially secured to the wall by an adhesive material provided on the plate side opposite from the explosive. If necessary, a mechanical type seal can also be used for improved sealing of the patch unit to the wall. The explosive charge is then detonated to explosively force the patch plate unit against the wall at high velocity, so as to weld the plate onto the metal wall to permanently close the opening, and thereby provide substantially the original strength to the metal wall.

Abstract: An apparatus for attaching a pad eye to an underwater ship includes explosives connected to the wings of the pad eye to explosively weld it to the hull of the ship. A water-tight housing holds the pad eye and allows gas to be introduced to drive away all water. Magnets hold the housing to the hull before detonation, a window in the top of the housing allows the diver to observe the entrance of the gas.

Abstract: An exterior surface portion of a metal tube (30) is bonded to a surface portion of a bore (11) in a metal tubesheet (10) by detonating an explosive bonding charge (31) inside the tube (30) adjacent a front face (13) of the tubesheet (10). The bonding charge (31) consists of nitroguanidine, and is contained within a polypropylene container comprising a cup structure (21) and a header structure (22). The cup structure (21) forms a receptacle for the bonding charge (31), and positions the bonding charge (31) at the proper depth within the tube (30) to achieve the desired bonding effect. The header structure (22) overlies and shapes the bonding charge (31), and contains a transfer charge (44) and a firing charge (45) for initiating detonation of the bonding charge (31). A firing assembly for initiating detonations of firing charges (45) in tubes (30) arranged in a plurality of linear arrays comprises a corresponding plurality of firing rails (24) and an initiation rail (27).

Abstract: A tubejoint for a heat exchanger made of two dissimilar materials is provided wherein the tubeplate joint is manufactured by use of an explosive having a detonation velocity more than 120 percent of the sonic velocity of the tube materials to be welded. Very satisfactory welds are formed at subsonic velocity between the surfaces of concentric tubes made of dissimilar metal and along the surface of a counterbore formed in the hole in which the composite tube is placed. The joint thus formed prevents any corrosive fluid on the tube side of the joint from coming in contact with any non-compatible material on the shell side of the heat exchanger and also prevents any corrosive fluid on the shell side of the heat exchanger from coming in contact with incompatible material on the tube side of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method is provided for the explosive welding together of sections of large diameter metal pipe of the kind used in the construction of high volume oil and gas pipelines. In the method, internal and external band charges of welding explosive are simultaneously detonated adjacent to overlapped telescoped pipe ends. The welding charges are detonated simultaneously by means of very high detonation velocity initiation explosive charges placed along a leading edge of each welding explosive charge. The initiating explosive charges are each set off by a single detonator means. The velocity of detonation of the initiating explosive is selected so that welding charges are simultaneously detonated around the pipes while maintaining the detonation fronts at superimposed locations and at a large angle to the pipe axis. This avoids unbalancing forces on the pipes and minimizes the collision of circumferential shock waves thus preventing pipe damage and imperfect welds.

Abstract: A metal sleeve having a substantially cylindrical outer surface and having first and second inner surfaces tapering outwardly longitudinally from at least adjacent the center thereof is formed to provide equal angles with abutting ends of two hollow cylindrical members such as pipe; the center inner surface of the sleeve is formed to contact abutting ends of the two hollow cylindrical members at least adjacent the ends thereof. The sleeve has a high explosive mass placed circumferentially thereon and is formed of a circumferential body having a greater thickness at least adjacent the center of the mass than at its ends such that on detonation maximum explosive impact is exerted inwardly toward said sleeve to weld the abutting ends together.

Abstract: A valve comprising a valve body and a valve member, said valve body and valve member having cladded seats of hard metal metallurgically connected thereto, and a method for manufacturing said valve comprising a step of metallurgically connecting said seats to the valve body and the valve member through an explosive cladding process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of joining together the ends of tubular metal members by explosive welding and to a permanent, self-aligning backing mandrel for use in the method. The mandrel is in the form of a tubular member having an outer face defining a cylindrical portion and an axially adjacent tapered portion, the maximum diameter of the tapered portion being greater than the diameter of the cylindrical portion. An annular shoulder extends outwardly between the cylindrical portion and the maximum diameter end of the tapered portion, which tapers inwardly away from the shoulder. One pipe end is outwardly flared and fits over the tapered portion of the mandrel and the other pipe end is non-flared and fits over the cylindrical portion, abutting the shoulder. The outer end of the flared pipe end overlaps the non-flared pipe, defining therewith an annular wedge-shaped outwardly-opening space. An explosive is located around this outer overlapping end and is detonated to weld the ends together.