Abstract: A method of connecting first electrodes formed on a first substrate to second electrodes formed on a second substrate and partially coated with a resist pattern so as to substantially expose an opening thereof at a surface of the second electrodes includes (a) coating the second electrodes with a solder at the opening of the resist pattern, (b) aligning the first electrodes with the second electrodes, and (c) electrically connecting the first electrodes to the second electrodes through the solder by heat-pressing the first and second electrodes with a heat-pressure bonding head including a tip face having a width smaller than a width of the opening of the resist pattern so as to heat-press the first and second electrodes at an entire region of the tip face of the heat-pressure bonding head. The method is effective in performing a good electrical connection between electrodes through a solder irrespective of an amount of the solder.

Abstract: A big scale (500 cc) golf club head fabrication method includes the step of preparing molds for making a top cover panel, a bottom cover panel and a face panel, the step of preparing metal alloy plate materials and then cutting the metal alloy plate materials into the desired sizes and then using the molds thus obtained to forge the metal alloy plate materials into the desired top cover panel, bottom panel and face panel respectively, and the step of welding the obtained top cover panel, bottom panel and face panel in a vacuum tank to form a golf club head and then polishing the golf club head into a finished product.

Abstract: A heat exchanger assembly includes at least one tube having an internal surface and an external surface, a composition cladding having at least lithium and magnesium applied to either one of the internal surface and external surface of the tube, and at least one component disposed adjacent the composition cladding, whereby the tube and component are joined together during a controlled atmosphere brazing process.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of micro solder bumps, in which holes are structured by means of laser ablation in a mask, in order to produce solder bumps higher than the mask thickness. Through the additional use of a wobble plate in the production of trough-like stepped holes, micro solder bumps with an even larger volume can be produced.

Abstract: A method of packaging hybrid wafers or die that are interconnected using soft metal bumps, such as indium, in a sealed ceramic package. The present invention passivates the hybrid die that are to be interconnected by way of the bumps, so that the metal in the bumps (indium) does not wet the surface of the hybrid die when the ceramic package is sealed at high temperature. Vias are formed in the passivated surfaces to expose underlying contact areas. Bumps are then formed on the contact areas, and the bumped and passivated hybrid die are electrically interconnected. The ceramic package containing the electrically interconnected hybrid die is processed at a temperature above the melting temperature of the bumps to attach a ceramic cover to the ceramic package. The method is performed at a temperature well in excess of the melting temperature of the bumps (.about.155.degree. Celsius for indium), typically on the order of 325.degree. Celsius.

Abstract: Adhesion of nickel plated steel sheets with each other, which is apt to occur during producing a steel sheet in which nickel is diffused by heat treatment of a nickel plated steel sheet in an annealing furnace, is prevented. A nickel plated steel sheet having a nickel-iron diffusion layer of 0.5-10 .mu.m thickness, a nickel plated layer thereon of 0.5-10 .mu.m thickness, and a silicon oxide layer thereon as an amount of silicon of 0.1-2.5 mg/m.sup.2 are formed on at least one face of a cold rolled steel plate. After the nickel is plated on the cold rolled steel plate, silicon hydrate is precipitated by dipping or electrolysis treatment in a bath of sodium orthosilicate as a main component, followed by heat treatment.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing clad metal plate products by assembling in a stacked array a bottom base plate, a first cladding plate, a second cladding plate and a top base plate, with a separator compound layer between the first and second cladding plates. The peripheral dimensions of the cladding plates being less than the peripheral dimensions of the base plates. A metal rail is welded between the base plates and circumferentially of the cladding plates to form an assembly having a closed environment encompassing the cladding plates. Substantially all water and oxygen are removed from the closed environment. The assembly is then heated to an initial temperature of at least about 1850.degree. F. and, while heated, is rolled or hydraulically pressed to cause the first cladding plate to bond to the bottom base plate and the second cladding plate to bond to the top base plate. Separating the assembly at the separator compound layer provides a first and a second clad plate.

Abstract: A method for use with a direct metal bonding type process in which a metal layer is bonded to an insulating layer. The metal layer is applied to the insulating layer to enable a direct metal bond to be formed between the layers. The integrity of the bond between a portion of the layers is reduced by providing, prior to bonding, an interrupter between the portion of the layers. A structure in which a metal layer is directly metal bonded to an insulating layer and includes an interrupter between a portion of the metal layer and a portion of the insulating layer. The interrupter reduces the integrity of the bond between the portion of the metal layer and the portion of the insulating layer. The structure includes other features similar to those set forth with respect to the above described method.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hollow machine blade consisting of two skins ining an internal cavity and interconnected by stiffeners comprises:forging and machining the primary components of the blade, including forming a reserve of material in localized regions of the inner faces of the skins, trunnion forming elements at the ends of the components, and locating holes in the components;deposition of diffusion barriers involving application of a mask, cutting the mask to a predetermined pattern using a special-purpose tool, peeling away portions of the mask, deposition of a coating product, peeling away the remainder of the mask, prefiring treatment, cleaning and checking;assembly of the primary components followed by isostatic-pressure diffusion welding; andsubjecting the assembly to inflation under gas pressure and superplastic forming in a mould in order to shape the skins and form the interconnecting stiffeners, including the steps of cold-debonding the primary components, causing flow of the material reser

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making a frame, particularly for the aircraft industry, having a central member (34) and one or more cantilever ribs (32); such a frame can be made by forging or machining but these are time-consuming and expensive. According to the present invention such frames are made by diffusion bonding and superplastic forming techniques, whereby a pack of sheets are bonded together except in certain areas. Gas is injected into those areas to inflate the pack superplastically to form one or more closed cells (16). The top of the cells is then machined off along line 23, while the side walls of the cells are retained, to provide a frame having cantilever ribs (32).

Abstract: A method for improving the reliability of solder joints is disclosed for use in reflow soldering. In the method, a predetermined amount of solder is applied to at least two solder pads on a circuit board and a component having at least two terminals is fixed in relation to the solder pads. The solder is melted so that the component floats to a predetermined height above the solder pads and, when solidified, the solder fillet formed at each terminal holds the component a predetermined height above the circuit board and forms a convex shape.

Abstract: A method for improving the tip and nozzle of a gas welder in which a conventional or new surface oxidation chemical treatment was applied to improve the surface properties of the tip and nozzle of a gas welder made of copper or copper alloys. Continuous welding operation could then be possible for extended periods of time. If a black copper oxide layer is formed by chemical conversion coating treatment on the surface of the nozzle which is made of copper or copper alloys, then the splatters do not easily stick to the surface. Further, even if the splatters stick, they are more easily removed. In the case of the tip, a black copper oxide layer formed by chemical conversion coating treatment in the small hole of the tip makes the supply of the filler metal wire flow smoothly without troubles. Further, the black copper oxide layer formed by chemical conversion coating treatment also inhibits the sticking of splatters, so that the supply of the filler metal wire is smooth.

Abstract: A plurality of workpieces are assembled into a stack. Two of the workpieces are machined on one surface at predetermined positions from the edges of the workpieces. The workpieces are stacked so that the machined surfaces of the workpieces face away from each other. Two workpieces are provided with a stop off material on one of their surfaces to prevent diffusion bonding at predetermined positions. The edges of the workpieces are welded together and a pipe is welded to the stack to interconnect with the stop off material to form a sealed assembly. The workpieces are diffusion bonded together. The integral structure formed is heated and opposite ends of the integral structure are twisted relatively to contour the integral structure to a predetermined shape. The integral structure is heated and the machined portions on the workpieces are isothermally forged and then the twisted integral structure is internally pressurised to superplastically form one workpiece to produce an article, eg a fan blade.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes for desoldering and soldering an insulator-encapsulated contact using a focused heat source and thermal choke in the form of a soldering iron tip and a contact moat. The desoldering and removal process includes the following steps. Securing the housing to minimize movement thereof. Heating a soldering iron to approximately 825.degree. C. Tinning the tip of the soldering iron with solder and flux. Engaging the contact from the rear using an extraction tool. Disposing flux on the solder joint. Contacting the soldering iron with the contact. Disposing the soldering iron in the moat while outward pressure is exerted with an extraction tool. After a predetermined delay, using the extraction tool to vacuum out the contact, while simultaneously removing the soldering iron and pushing out the contact, whereafter the contact is desoldered and seated in the extraction tool. Removing the contact from the extraction tool and removing the tool from the housing.

Abstract: An improved method for forming fluid inflatable metal structures is taught. The improvement concerns the patterning of the portion of the structure to be inflated. Patterning is accomplished by first applying a strippable flexible mask coating and then scoring this coating so that a patterned portion may be removed therefrom. The parent portion is the portion of the sheet article to be inflated by subsequent processing. After the patterned portion has been removed, a stop-off is applied to the exposed surface of the first sheet. After the stop-off material has been applied, the remainder of the strippable mask is removed and washed with a detergent to remove the residue from the mask. The sheet having stop-off applied in the pattern to the first sheet is then superposed over a second sheet, and heat and pressure are applied to cause diffusion bonding between the exposed surfaces of the two sheets.

Abstract: A composite material comprising a magnetic metal plate and an aluminum or aluminum alloy plate, the magnetic metal plate and the aluminum or aluminum alloy plate being clad together by an axial hot pressing. A process for producing a composite material which comprises the step of: cladding a magnetic metal plate with an aluminum or aluminum alloy plate by an axial hot pressing. A process for producing a composite material molding which comprises the steps of: cladding a magnetic metal plate with an aluminum or aluminum alloy plate by an axial hot pressing thereby obtaining a composite plate material; and subsequently subjecting the composite plate material to press molding and/or stamping and cutting.

Abstract: A stack of titanium sheets are placed on a worktable in a vacuum chamber. One of the mating surfaces of each pair of mating surfaces has had a stop off material applied in a desired pattern to prevent diffusion bonding. A pump evacuates the vacuum chamber and heaters heat the stack to evaporate volatile binder from the stop off. When all the binder has been removed the worktable is moved relative to an electron beam from a gun to weld the edges of the sheets together to form a sealed assembly. The volatile binder is removed quickly and oxidation of the titanium is prevented during baking out of the binder. The sealed assembly is then heated and externally pressurised to diffusion bond the sheets together. The integral structure is then heated and internally pressured to superplastically form one of the sheets to produce an article of predetermined shape.

Abstract: A plurality of titanium sheets are assembled into a stack. At least one of the sheets is provided with a stop off material on one of its surfaces to prevent diffusion bonding at predetermined positions. The edges of the sheets are welded together and a pipe is welded to the stack to interconnect with the stop off material to form a sealed assembly. The assembly is heated and externally pressurized to diffusion bond the sheets together. The integral structure so formed is heated and opposite ends of the integral structure are twisted relatively to contour the integral structure to a predetermined shape. The integral structure is internally pressurized to break the adhesive bonds. The integral structure is heated and internally pressurized to superplastically form one sheet to produce an article, e.g. a fan blade.

Abstract: A bonding method of for external leads which includes the steps of registering the external leads of an IC component with electrodes of a circuit substrate, setting an external lead retaining surface of a bonding tool on a flat outer tab obtained by coating plural outer end parts of the external leads of the registered IC component with resin, and bringing the external leads in touch with the corresponding electrodes. A laster beam irradiates one of the external leads registered on one of the electrodes to thereby bond them, and cooling gas is jetted on a bonding part of the external lead to cool a bonding part of the external lead and the electrode. During the irradiating step, the one of the external leads registered on one of the corresponding electrodes can be pressed against the electrode to bond the bonding part of the electrode and the external lead.

Abstract: A plurality of workpieces are assembled into a stack. Two of the workpieces are machined on one surface at predetermined positions from the edges of the workpieces. The workpieces are stacked so that the machined surfaces of the workpieces face away from each other. Two workpieces are provided with a stop off material on one of their surfaces to prevent diffusion bonding at predetermined positions. The edges of the workpieces are welded together and a pipe is welded to the stack to interconnect with the stop off material to form a sealed assembly. The workpieces are diffusion bonded together. The integral structure formed is heated and opposite ends of the integral structure are twisted relatively to contour the integral structure to a predetermined shape. The integral structure is heated and the machined portions on the workpieces are isothermally forged and then the twisted integral structure is internally pressurized to superplastically form one workpiece to produce an article, e.g. a fan blade.

Abstract: A method for removing a portion of a coating disposed on a plate, in which a nozzle having a wide jet is first utilized to remove most of the material of the portion to be removed. Successively or concurrently therewith, at least one fine jet nozzle is utilized to cut the contour of the portion of the coating being removed. The method is particularly advantageous for removing deposits of a plasma deposition, and more particularly for deposits which resist a diffusion welding or soldering of plates or substrates with one another.

Abstract: A stack of metallic sheets is constructed for selective diffusion bonding followed by superplastic forming to yield a metallic sandwich structure. The invention resides in the provision of gas distribution channels in the stack for assuring balanced and complete distribution of gas throughout the unbonded areas of the stack. The gas is used for expansion of the stack into a sandwich structure during the step of superplastic forming. The novel construction of each channel comprises superimposed grooves in opposed face sheets of the stack and slots in the core sheet(s) of the stack.

Abstract: A water-soluble coating or other deposit is produced from a formulation that is comprised of a curable liquid substance and a dispersed, particulate effervescing agent. The formulation is particularly useful as a solder resist in the manufacture of PCBs, and the preferred composition contains n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Abstract: An improved method for superplastic forming diffusion bonding includes application of a protective encapsulating coating over the stop-off coating to prevent migration of yttria into regions to be diffusion bond.

Abstract: This method enables two components (1, 3) to be joined by soldering using heat generated by a laser beam, without the use of flux. A layer (5) of a material which has a lower melting point than the material of one of the components (3) is formed on that component and forms a bond therewith on resolidifying after melting. Solder (7) is interposed between the layer (5) and the other component (1) to form, on resolidification after melting, bonds with the material of the layer (5) and the other component (1). A coating (11) of a further material between the layer (5) and the solder (7) is dispersed when the adjacent layer material becomes molten and is not wetted by the solder (7) when molten. On applying heat to a region (15) of the layer using a laser beam, the layer is melted in this region (15) as is the adjacent solder (7) to form, on resolidification of the solder (7) and molten layer material (15 ), bonds between the solder (7) and the two components (1, 3).

Abstract: A stack of titanium sheets are placed on a worktable in a vacuum chamber. One of the mating surfaces of each pair of mating surfaces has had a stop off material applied in a desired pattern to prevent diffusion bonding. A pump evacuates the vacuum chamber and heaters heat the stack to evaporate volatile binder from the stop off. When all the binder has been removed the worktable is moved relative to an electron beam gun to weld the edges of the sheets together to form a sealed assembly. The volatile binder is removed quickly and oxidation of the titanium is prevented during baking out of the binder. The sealed assembly is then heated and externally pressurised to diffusion bond the sheets together. The integral structure is then heated and internally pressured to superplastically form one of the sheets to produce an article of predetermined shape.

Abstract: It is known to form a composite laminar metal structure, wherein two or more overlapping metal plates (11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32) are metallurgically bonded at their interfaces, impelling the plates (11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32) together by means of detonating an explosive charge (19), bonding of the plates (11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32) at selected areas (13) being prevented by covering the plates (11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32) at the selected ares (13) with a stopping-off material. The present invention improves this by providing metal sheet (14, 24, 34) which is placed in intimate contact with the stopping-off material, the metal sheet (14, 24, 34) being capable of metallurgically bonding to an adjacent metal plate (12, 21, 23, 32) at each selected area (13).

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of making golf club head, comprising the steps of preparing a sectional forming mold having a cavity which duplicates the shape of the head to be produced; preparing a coupled body, having a channel within, consisting of metal sheets made of a superplastic material; clamping the coupled body in the forming mold, heating the coupled body to a range of superplastic forming temperatures and applying fluid pressure to the sheets through the channel opening to force the sheets to conform to the shape of the head by superplastic forming; and trimming the formed product to shape to obtain the golf club head. The invented process is able to produce heads of fine uniform microstructure because the process does not involve conventional casting process, providing freedom from damaging porosities and segregation.

Abstract: A stack of titanium sheets are placed between a pair of pressurisable chambers in a vacuum chamber. One of the mating surfaces of each pair of mating surfaces has had a stop off material applied in a desired pattern to prevent diffusion bonding. A pump evacuates the vacuum chamber and heaters heat the stack to evaporate volatile binders from the stop off. When all the binder has been removed the stack is heated and the pressure in the pressurisable chambers is increased to cause a pair of resilient members to apply pressure on the stack to diffusion bond the sheets together. The volatile binder is removed quickly and oxidation of the titanium is prevented during baking out of the binder. The integral structure is then heated and internally pressurised to superplastically form one of the sheets to produce an article of predetermined shape. No welding of the sheets before bonding is required.

Abstract: A component is mounted to a circuit board by covering a section of the board's conductive pads with a nonconductive mask. It is also possible to plate additional conductive material onto the pads before applying the mask. The component's contacts are soldered to the uncovered sections of the pads or plating.

Abstract: A method of forming thin metal sections of reactive metals which prevents high-temperature accelerated corrosion during hot working. The reactive metal section is placed in a non-reactive metal frame. Two non-reactive metal sections are machined to form depressions in which a release agent is deposited. The framed reactive metal section is interleaved between the two non-reactive metal sections such that the release agent is interposed between the principal surfaces of the reactive metal section and the non-reactive metal sections. The assembly is then clamped and welded together along the perimeter. The laminate structure is hot worked as by hot rolling to the desired gauge. The release agent flows to form a continuous barrier during hot working which prevents bonding of the non-reactive sections to the reactive metal section. Since the reactive metal section is encapsulated in a non-reactive metal jacket, oxidation and other degradation of the reactive metal section during hot working is prevented.

Abstract: A method of assembling a rotary kiln that has steel plates lining the kiln which overlie an insulation layer, and which are mounted on hangers projecting through the plates.

Abstract: In a superplastic forming/diffusion bonding process, in particular for aluminum-lithium alloys, the stop-off material in the diffusion bonding step is a porous lamellar material such as glass cloth or vermiculite paper. In one embodiment, prior to diffusion bonding, the stack of alloy sheets and lamellar material may be sealed under vacuum.

Abstract: Process for producing a cap flange structure, particularly a sinewave I-beam structure comprises joining together a pair of metal sheets in a predetermined area spaced from the opposite outer edge portions of the sheets, and leaving the area between the adjacent sheets along the two opposite edge portions unattached. The joined together portion of the resulting assembly is formed into a sinewave configuration which forms the web of the I-beam structure. The unattached edge portions of the assembly of adjacent sheets is introduced into a die cavity and the die cavity is heated and a gas under pressure is inserted into the area between the sheets of the unattached edge portions, and expanding the sheets of the unattached edge portions into the shape of the die cavity against the wall of the cavity by an accordion expansion without any substantial stretching or thinning of the sheets, while simultaneously moving such sheets in the die cavity.

Abstract: A process is described of preparing composite articles of aluminium or aluminium alloy suitable for superplastic forming by explosion welding two or more components together and heating the welded article to consolidate the bonds. The welds do not extend into areas to which a stop-off composition has been applied and the article can be superplastically formed by passing a pressurized fluid into these stopped-off areas.

Abstract: A method is described of diffusion bonding and superplastic forming components made of aluminium or an aluminium alloy to form a composite formed article. The method involves applying stopping-off material to selected areas of the components to prevent diffusion bonding in those areas, the stopping-off material being applied by plasma spraying.

Abstract: A pair of sheets of a metal capable of exhibiting superplasticity, such as Titanium, are placed in overlapping relationship and the peripheral edges of the sheets are joined, such as by welding, to provide a gas impervious seal. The joined metal sheets are lowered into a press so that they extend vertically between a pair of horizontally spaced apart, vertically extending preheated ceramic dies. The dies are previously transferred inside insulating shrouds from a preheater station before being loaded into the press. At least one of the dies is moved horizontally toward the other one of the dies so that the joined metal sheets are positioned closely adjacent to the dies. As a result, the metal sheets are heated to a predetermined temperature at which they are capable of exhibiting superplasticity. Thermostatically controlled heating platens behind the dies offset any heat losses in the dies as they radiate energy to the joined metal sheets.

Abstract: Articles of aluminum, or of an aluminum alloy, can be brazed satisfactorily, employing an aluminum alloy as the brazing material, by removing any surface oxide layers from bodies comprising the articles, and preforms of the brazing material, simultaneously with providing initial films of zinc, or tin, thereon. Then coatings of silver and/or of gold, or a suitable alloy containing silver or gold, are provided on the articles, and on the preforms of the brazing material, to protect the surfaces of these aluminum containing bodies from reoxidizing. The required brazing operation then is performed in a high vacuum, or in an inert atmosphere. Any oxygen produced inadvertently, for example, by the decomposition of any silver oxide present, is removed before it can contact any aluminum. The zinc or tin, the materials of the coatings, and the aluminum of the bodies, interdiffuse, and this interdiffusion proceeds rapidly when the brazing alloy melts.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for superplastic forming and diffusion bonding of hollow metal parts. A forming assembly is prepared by surrounding a hollow tool (typically having a frusto-conical exterior) with a part blank having a corresponding shape, attaching parts, such as rings, to the exterior of the blank, then surrounding those parts with a skin blank. The forming assembly is placed in a pressure chamber, a heater is placed within the assembly and the chamber is sealed. The assembly of parts is heated to the diffusion bonding temperature of the parts while subjecting them to high gas pressure. The skin blank is deformed into intimate contact with the adjacent surfaces of the other parts and all of the parts are diffusion bonded together at all interfaces to form a unitary product. Gas pressure is released and the product is cooled and removed from the chamber and hollow tool. Any desired finish machining is accomplished and the productive is complete.

Abstract: An electrical joint using spheroidal tipped leads improves the strength of a connection regardless of the material used to bond the connections. Axial leads of a component are formed into spheroids using an appropriate heat source to melt a small portion of the lead tip. Melting a portion of the lead alloys the lead with any non-wettable solder mask rendering a wettable spheroid. Surface tension in the molten metal forms the spheroid. The spheroid increases the area to which solder or other bonding agent adheres to. Solder mask remaining on the lead decreases solder wicking further up the lead. Reduced solder wicking retains the compliance of the lead. Controlled melting of the lead maintains planarity for multileaded components.

Abstract: Composite bodies comprise a metallic member and a ceramic member integrally joined together by joining a projection of the ceramic member to a recess of the metallic member. Their joining strength is improved by substantially limiting brazing metal to an interface between the outer peripheral surface of the projection of the ceramic member and the innner peripheral surface of the recess of the metallic member. The joining strength is also improved by forming a groove around the outer periphery of the metallic member at the joined end. The joining strength is also improved by providing a space or an intermediate member between a tip end surface of the projection and a bottom surface of the recess and attaining the relation: ##EQU1## in which G, L.sub.1, .alpha., .alpha.', T.sub.S and T.sub.

Abstract: A tape automated bonding method and structure is disclosed. Interconnection using prepatterned metal beam tape interconnect is accomplished by providing vias in passivation layers overlaying a metal region in or on the major surface of the device which is to receive the interconnect leads, eliminating the requirement for bonding pad bumps. Ultrasonic pressure is applied to the beams as they superpose the vias, bonding each lead to its respective metal region.

Abstract: A primary multi-layer structural component having insulation properties and the method of producing same is disclosed. The structure is comprised of opposing spaced apart face sheets, a plurality of internal core sheets, the core sheets being spaced apart from each other and from the face sheets. Truss means extend internally across the structure, the truss means being connected to and supporting the opposing face sheets, and being integrally connected to and supporting the core sheets. Such structure is produced by forming a stack of metal sheets in contact with each other, including a pair of outer face sheets and a plurality of core sheets positioned between the face sheets, and providing a predetermined stop-off pattern by placing stop-off material in certain preselected areas between the contacting surfaces of adjacent faces sheets and core sheets, and of adjacent core sheets.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming and bonding metal assemblies using an internally heated chamber. The parts can be both superplastic formed and diffusion bonded to other parts. A closable chamber contains a heating element near the chamber center. A ceramic die at least partially surrounding the heating element has a forming surface toward the heating element. The inner wall of the chamber is lined with a pressure bladder. A granular material, conical ceramic support, or extensible bladder fills the space between ceramic die and chamber inner wall. With the chamber closed, the heater is activated while an inert gas under pressure is introduced between heater and die and the bladder if used is pressurized. The bladder or packed granules support the outer die surface while the gas pressure presses metal parts on the die forming surface against the die. The metal parts are formed and bonded together by the substantially isostatic forces thereon.

Abstract: A tightly bonded abrasion resistant surface layer is formed on, or a binding layer is formed therebetween, reactive metal or metal alloy substrates. A powdered mixture of oxides, at least one of the oxides having a heat of oxidation lower than the heat of oxidation of the oxide of the substrate, is disposed on the substrate. The substrate with the oxide powder disposed thereon is heated to a temperature lower than the melting point or solidus temperature of the substrate. The powdered mixture of oxides preferably comprises fly ash. An abrasion resistant surface layer may be bonded to a structural part by mixing the powdered mixture of oxides with powdered reactive metal or reactive metal alloy, disposing the resultant mixture on the part, and heating.

Abstract: An electrical interconnection lead pattern for connecting an integrated circuit to an electrical circuit comprises a plurality of electrical conductors and a plurality of non-continuous dielectric regions. Each conductor has a contact region wherein the conductor is subsequently electrically connected to a predetermined region on the integrated circuit. In addition, each of the contact regions are substantially parallel with respect to each and every other contact region. The dielectric regions comprise a material not amenable to soldering and are substantially parallel with respect to each and every other dielectric region so that the non-continuous regions between the dielectric regions are also substantially parallel. Lastly, the contact regions are substantially perpendicular with respect to each and every dielectric region, and disposed such that a portion of each of the contact regions contacts a portion of the non-continuous region between the dielectric regions and a portion of the dielectric region.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing the butt-welded cans comprises the steps of applying a 0.5 to 3.5 .mu.m thick organic resin film for preventing the adhesion of melted metal particles to at least a 1-mm-wide region from the butt-weld portion edge of at least the inner surface of a steel plate can blank, and butt-welding the edges of the can blank by the use of a laser, or alternatively applying a 0.5 to 7.0.mu.m thick organic resin film, butting the edges of the can blank, and laser-welding the butted edges while a cooling device is brought into contact with the butted edges from the inner side of each can. In this case, it is preferred that the coating material having high thermal decomposition resistance is applied to the whole outer surface of each can, and the weld portion is then butt-welded by means of a CO.sub.2 laser.

Abstract: A method of preparing a substrate such as a semiconductor chip or ceramic thin film having vias for soldering to a substrate requires that a first metal that is resistive to solder bonding be deposited on the backside of the semiconductor device. The deposited metal is removed from the surface of the semiconductor device, leaving the vias of the semiconductor device having the first metal deposited through them. This technique is useful in any requirement requiring a solder or brazing barrier. That is a photolithographic process in conjunction with a refractory or nonsolderable metal deposit is used to achieve an alloy or solder barrier.

Abstract: A method for forming monolithic structures from a plurality of aluminum or aluminum alloy sheets is provided which integrates a method for producing a selective fine grain structure in each of the sheets, with roll bonding and superplastic forming. The sheets are subjected to isothermal aging or controlled slow cooling to obtain a desired grain size in each of the respective sheets. Different heating and cooling treatments can be individually applied to each of the sheets so that the sheets can be tailored to have a fine grain or a coarser grain. Stop-off material is applied at selected areas of the sheets, and the resulting stack of sheets is subjected to cold roll bonding to bond adjacent surfaces of the sheets where stop-off material has not been applied. The roll bonding step also serves to plastically deform the sheets. The roll-bonded stack of sheets is then subjected to rapid heating for recrystallization of one or more of the sheets into a fine grain structure.

Abstract: There is here provided butt-welded cans made of steel plates having a carbon concentration of 0.02 to 0.09% by weight, the aforesaid butt-welded cans being characterized in that a coating film for preventing the adhesion of melted metal particles is applied to at least the inner surface of the weld portion and its vicinity of each can, and a carbon concentration index I of the weld portion satisfies the formula (1)I=(Iw/Ic).times.10.sup.3 .ltoreq.15 (1)wherein Iw is a K.alpha. X ray intensity, of carbon in the weld portion, measured by the EPMA method, andIc is a K.alpha. X ray intensity, of carbon in graphite, measured by the EPMA method.