Abstract: An arrangement for bimetallic contacts, especially bimetallic welded contacts, in which wires of metals having different conductivity, e.g. silver and iron, are butt-welded with one another by electrical resistance welding without noticeable deformation of the connecting point. The wires are then sheared off at both sides of the connecting point. The bimetallic pins are formed by cold-pressing to the final bimetallic contacts whose head cross-sections are larger than the possibly different cross-sections of the wires for the manufacture.

Abstract: A method of bonding and shaping a plurality of pieces of material disposed in a fluid tight container includes providing a housing having components with different coefficients of thermal expansion. The container is positioned between upper and lower sections of the housing. The housing is then enclosed in an autoclave. The fluid in the autoclave and housing is heated with a resulting increase in the fluid pressure in the autoclave and housing. As the temperature and pressure in the housing is increased, the joint between the container and the housing sections is sealed by pressing the upper and lower sections of the housing against the container under the influence of forces resulting from different amounts of of thermal expansion of components of the housing. Thereafter, the fluid pressure in the autoclave is increased. Since the joint between the housing and the container has been sealed, the further increase in fluid pressure is applied to only the upper side of the container.

Abstract: A method is set forth for forming a unitary structure having a plurality of deformable foils having first and second sides stacked one upon another with the first sides facing in one direction and the second sides in an opposite direction, each of the foils having an undulating cross-section, adjacent of the foils having their undulations orthogonal to one another and every other one of the foils having parallel orientations. The method comprises positioning a first plurality of parallel rods against the first side of a respective one of the foils and positioning a second plurality of parallel rods against the second side of the same foil with the rods of the second plurality of rods between and parallel to the rods of the first plurality of rods. Thereafter the aforementioned steps are repeated with each next adjacent foil having the rods defining the undulating cross-section thereof at a non-zero angle to the rods of the next adjacent foil.

Abstract: Bonds between a contact area of a circuit of a semiconductor and a conductor are formed by applying a rotating tool to an opposed surface of the conductor or to an intervening material superposed on it. The conductor may be laminated to one or more layers of insulant material and when that material is for example polyester, the bond may be formed without prior removal of the insulant from between the contact area and the conductor; it is displaced by the effect of the tool. The areas and conductors may be in an array and the tool be brought across the members of the array in succession.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a railway wheel with a base material, a more wear-resistant layer at the part of the flange facing the wheel tread, and a layer in the tread which gives a high friction between wheel and rail which is relatively independent of the weather. The method is characterized in that a prefabricated component is manufactured from members of the base material and from the more wear-resistant materials, respectively, which members are given such a shape as to fit closely against each other, and which, after turning or other machining and cleaning from oxide and other impurities, are put together and welded together at the outer surfaces of the component in such a way that admission of air between said members is prevented, the component thereafter being hot-worked to form a finished or near finished wheel blank with a good bond between the different members defining the tread and/or flange regions thereof.

Abstract: A metallurgical bond at the interface between an aluminum-lithium core alloy and a metallic liner is achieved by first forming a mechanical bond along the interface between the core and liner under moderated temperature and reduction conditions, and then heating the composite without simultaneous reduction to cause diffusion of the elements across the core-liner interface. The result is a metallurgical bond securing the layers together to form a composite which can be worked, shaped, and fabricated by normal reduction techniques into a full range of products without the discoloration and fouling problems otherwise typical of aluminum-lithium alloys.

Abstract: A method of forming a stiffened panel from first and second metal sheets, at least the first sheet being capable of both superplastic deformation and diffusion bonding, and also provided with at least one control region of different thickness compared with other regions of the sheet, includes the steps of:attaching the sheets together at a series of attachment lines across their faces, the attachment lines and the control region or regions being in predetermined relationship with one another, placing the attached sheets in a mould and heating to within that temperature range within which superplastic deformation and diffusion bonding takes place,urging those areas of the first sheet between the attachment lines away from the second sheet by a common differential pressure at a rate within that range of strain rates at which superplastic deformation occurs to form a series of cavities between the two sheets such that peripheral parts of those areas urged away from the second sheet form side walls of neighboring

Abstract: An electrically conductive path through an insulating plate (10) is produced by forcing sheets of conductive material (13, 14) into contact through a hole (11) in the plate (10). The sheets (13, 14) are forced together with sufficient force to produce a cold weld junction, which is then plated with a conductive metal (102). Dies for producing the cold weld utilize metallic spheres (110), rods (188) or chemically etched projections (228). Shaped dies (268, 272) form a crimped joint without a cold weld, and offset dies (246, 250) produce a raised junction (252) for use as a mount for a planar component. In manufacturing a printed circuit board (160) the cold weld die (158) is produced with the same drill hole pattern as used to form the drill holes in the printed circuit board (160).A force sufficient to cause metalurgical bonding of the opposed conductors may also be applied by an explosive discharge. A hole in the junction area of the opposed conductors may be created or enlarged by the use of a laser beam.

Abstract: A method of making a stiffened panel including subjecting two metal sheets, at least one capable of superplastic deformation and diffusion bonding, which are positioned face to face, to a bonding and deforming process during which the sheets are joined to one another at a series of spaced joint lines across their faces, the joint lines being interrupted by non-joined regions along their lengths but being otherwise substantially continuous, and during which parts of at least said one sheet between the joint lines and the non-joined regions thereof are superplastically deformed in a mould to form a series of cavities between the two sheets, portions of at least said one sheet on respective sides of each of the joint lines and the non-joined regions thereof being moved to form sidewalls of two neighboring cavities, these sidewalls being urged to lie adjacent one another over substantial parts of their areas, so that they become diffusion bonded, one to another, to form a common sidewall of neighboring cavities,

Abstract: A forming method for sealing sheet structure between two forming members wherein the sheets are subjected to high process temperatures and a high pressure differential. The method includes a heat treatment of a flaked graphite seal material to a temperature in excess of the process temperature to remove volatile contaminants therefrom.

Abstract: In order to produce a double-wall composite metal pipe, a pipe assembly, made up of an outer pipe of carbon steel and an inner pipe of stainless steel inserted in the outer pipe with an annular clearance therebetween is caused to advance relative to a plastic working device such as die or a series of rollers. Before the pipe assembly is caused to pass through the plastic working device, the outer pipe is heated to cause it to expand thereby increasing the annular clearance between the inner and outer pipes and establishing a temperature difference between the outer and inner pipes. The heated outer pipe is constricted by device of the plastic working means and caused to plastically contract against the outer surface of the inner pipe, while the inner pipe is subjected to expanding force of a mandrel inserted in the inner pipe, the mandrel backing up the pipe assembly from within the inner pipe against the constricting action of the plastic working device.

Abstract: A process of making round tubes covered on the inside with a sleeve of a thickness on the order of 20 to 30% of the total thickness of the tubes. The components of the tube consist of steel of strong mechanical characteristics and of an interior of stainless steel or a noble alloy. Both components are united by means of metallurgic cohesion, the result of which is a single tube, in effect. The making of the combined tube is achieved by reforming, piercing and extrusion at the same temperature.

Abstract: A method for joining parts of metal by diffusion welding comprises initially the establishing of a joint between the opposed bounding surfaces, the joint having generally increasing height from the periphery towards the middle. The joint is provided with a connection to an external source for flushing gas and a vacuum source. During the preliminary heating and pressing together of the parts the joint is supplied with an inert for reducing flushing gas, e.g., hydrogen, until the joint by diffusion welding is closed along its periphery. Thereafter, a vacuum may be pumped in the joint, where upon further heating, quick compression and a certain holding time provide complete diffusion welding of the parts. It is also suggested to reduce the cross-section of the parts in the joint area and press these out to their original cross-section during the diffusion welding.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of large non-planar shapes of metallic glass fabricated from ribbon. The inventive method contemplates stacking the ribbon. The stacked ribbon is formed and held at temperatures of between 70 and 90% of the crystallization temperature for a time sufficient to facilitate permanent deformation of the stacked ribbons and to bond the ribbons.

Abstract: In a hermetic type compressor including a casing, an electric motor provided in the casing for rotating a driving shaft, and a compressor unit including a cylinder forcibly inserted in the casing, there are provided a method and a device for securing the compressor unit to the casing, wherein reduced thickness portions are provided on the outer surface of the casing so that welding can be carried out from outside of the casing through the reduced thickness portions. In this manner, heat generated in the welded portions can be reduced substantially, and various disadvantages caused thereby can be eliminated.

Abstract: A connection of the tubular ends of conduits or flow profiles which are associated with a cross-countercurrent matrix of a heat exchanger, and which are internally streamed through by a relatively cool gas (compressed air), to a suitably preperforated heat exchanger bottom of one or more manifolds formed for, respectively, the infeed or discharge of compressed air into or from the applicable heat exchanger matrix. In particular, the invention pertains to a method for the manufacture of such a connection.

Abstract: A method for fabricating superplastically formed/diffusion bonded structures wherein metal blanks of aluminum or an aluminum alloy having an oxide surface layer are joined at selected areas by diffusion bonding and expanded superplastically to form a desired sandwich or integrally stiffened structure. According to such method, a suitable mask is applied to selected areas of the aluminum or aluminum alloy blanks. The assembly is then placed in a vacuum chamber and at a suitable low pressure and suitable voltage a glow discharge is created between the metal blank or blanks functioning as cathode or sputtering target, and an anode to selectively remove the oxide from the metal blanks and deposit the oxide debris on the anode.

Abstract: A method of continuously cladding aluminum strip by jointly warm rolling a core strip and an aluminum cladding strip in contact therewith, to bond the strip, wherein the core and cladding strips are advanced to the mill at respectively different line speeds over a looper roll disposed ahead of the mill and above the pass line of the mill, the cladding being also advanced around an ironing roll disposed ahead of the looper roll such that the cladding undergoes a double bend over the two rolls and is in contact with the core strip as and after it passes the looper roll but is out of contact with the core strip ahead of the looper roll. One or both sides of the core strip can be clad; for two-sided cladding, two cladding strips are respectively advanced over separate ironing rolls and into contact with the opposite surfaces of the strip.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with the object of providing an advantageous manufacturing method for a machine hollow cylinder subjected to high working pressure and pronounced erosion action, especially those used for plastic processing machines. To that end a preferably cylindrical-shaped blank composed of a high-wear resistant, hardenable and corrosion-resistant steel core and a sleeve formed of structural steel, is shaped by forging or hot rolling while forming a metallic bond between core and sleeve and a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the core material by at least 20%. Then by applying a bore while taking into account the machining clearance there is formed the hollow cylinder, there is accomplished the hardening which is accommodated to the core material, and there is undertaken the machining for obtaining the desired final dimension.

Abstract: Manufacture of a light metal shock absorber by impact extrusion of a light metal blank whereby, during the impact extrusion process itself, a steel strip is brought into contact with the base of the part which becomes free of obstructive light metal oxide as a result of impact extrusion and is as a result metallically bonded to the said base. The steel component of the composite body is provided with a steel ring which is welded or otherwise appropriately joined during or after the extrusion step. The light metal sleeve can be welded or otherwise appropriately joined to light metal after impact extrusion. The production of a light metal shock absorber is a special case of plastic deformation of light metal and the principles which lead to metallic bonding between light metal and steel or another metal are also valid here.

Abstract: A method of forming metal articles comprises placing a pair of sheet members 1, 2 or superplastically deformable material in opposed, spaced apart relationship, (conveniently by means of a reinforced member 3), heating them to the temperature range within which superplastic deformation can take place, and urging portions of the sheets toward each other until they lie one against the other thereby to effect bonding. The bonding is preferably by means of diffusion bonding.

Abstract: A system for preparing the abutting ends of pipe sections which are to be subsequently pressure welded together by the application of external heat to the joint and axial inward pressure on the respective pipe sections. The pipe ends are initially formed, or subsequently ground or cut so that the radially innermost portions of the ends are in contact with each other, and the radially outermost portions of the ends are slightly spaced from each other, preferably providing a radially outward diverging gap between the pipe ends.

Abstract: Method for making a tube for a cracking plant, by providing an inner tube, placing a reinforcement about said inner tube, said reinforcement having transverse openings or passages, placing an outer tube coaxially about said inner tube and said reinforcement, bonding together by pressure or fusion welding, said inner tube and said outer tube through said openings or passages in said reinforcement.

Abstract: Two face-to-face metal sheets, one or each of which is superplastically deformable, are subjected to a bonding and pressure deformation process in which the sheets are bonded together at a series of spaced positions thereon and the areas of the or each superplastically deformable sheet between these positions move away from the other sheet so that there is formed a series of cavities between the sheets, the sides of neighboring cavities being substantially adjacent to one another over substantial parts of their areas. These sides of the cavities, which are preferably substantially rectangular may come directly into contact with one another and be diffusion bonded together either directly or via reinforcing members.

Abstract: A process allows the production of composite sections made of at least two component parts such as conductor rails or the like having a beam-like section with a facing in the form of a conductive metal strip. The process makes use of an extrusion die whereby at least one of the components of the composite section is fed to the die by means of frictional force on a face which moves continuously towards the die.

Abstract: A composite section comprises a beam-like section which may in particular be made of a light-weight metal, and a facing of at least a part of at least one face of the beam-like section made of another metal. The beam-like part is produced by extruding a billet of metal through a die, and at the same time the facing strip is fed through the shape-giving opening in the die. In order to provide an oxide free surface on the extruded beam-like part which is capable of bonding to the surface of the facing strip it is necessary, when using an unscalped billet, that the ratio of the maximum radius of the feed chamber of the die to the minimum radius of the container passage of the die be less than or equal to 0.8. Inside the die there is provided at least one moving face which may e.g. be in the form of a wheel, over which the facing strip passes in being fed to the die opening. Also the strip can be deformed during feeding or extrusion to provide a variety of shapes.

Abstract: A welding method in which two metal bars are disposed such that the opposing ends of these bars are placed in a welding mold with a predetermined welding gap preserved therebetween, and are jointed to each other by filling the space formed between the opposing ends of the bars and the inner surface of the welding mold with a molten welding metal. Also, disclosed is a welding apparatus having a welding gap setting device for placing the metal bars with a predetermined welding gap therebetween and an arc welder for jointing the bars by filling the welding gap with molten welding metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for fabrication and assembly of airframes and airframe components utilizing the principles of diffusion bonding and superplastic forming. A preform blank or blank sheet of material capable of being superplastically formed and diffusion bonded is attached to an airframe body or casing by diffusion bonding and superplastically deformed to form a structural airframe component. The superplastically formed structural component may be diffusion bonded to other airframe components and the superplastic forming and diffusion bonding steps may be performed simultaneously or successively to progressively fabricate and assembly an airframe having unique structural geometries and characteristics without conventional machining or welding of component parts.

Abstract: A process for pressure welding two metal bars together by their ends which omprises bringing together the ends to be welded, the ends being in a wedge-shaped form and at a temperature between melting temperature and 450.degree. C. below the melting temperature, pressing both ends together in the longitudinal direction of the bars so that the ends penetrate into each other, with the edges of the wedges in crossing relationship, and continuing to press both ends into each other until substantially all of the surface material of both wedges is expelled out of the cross-sectional shape of the welded bars.

Abstract: The method of using the frictional heat and pressure produced by a rapidly rotating non-cutting piercing tool to weld two or more parts, such as a piece of tubing on one hand and a plate, a tube or another body having locally a relatively thin wall on the other hand, together, to which end said piercing tool is forced through the two or more parts after the latter have been placed in the exact relative positions.

Abstract: A friction pressure welding method in which, for a friction pressure welding between a pin and a recess of a support, the recess is arranged to have an inner diameter slightly larger than an outer diameter of the pin and a cap nut fitted to a collet chuck of a friction pressure welding machine is provided with an extension at a front thereof so as to control a curl projecting from an end surface of the pin at a certain height during operation of the friction pressure welding such that edges produced on the pin are forcibly pressed onto the recess and a welding area between the curl portion and the recess is increased, thereby enhancing a fatigue strength of the joint portion and increasing a strength against vibration exceedingly.

Abstract: A method for producing a highly precise and inherently stable analyzer system for a multipole mass filter, wherein a tube of material that is electrically poorly conductive and thermally softenable is put over a core which is precise in size, has a higher expansion coefficient and has parallel grooves. The tube material is joined to the grooves of the core by heating and, subsequently, after cooling for the purposes of solidifying, is removed from the core with the impressed tube indentations. Before the tube is heated, layers of electrically higher conductive metallic components, which can be easily connected to the softenable tube material, are applied between the core and the tube in the region of the grooves. The layer material is connected to the tube material when the tube is softened and joined to the grooves of the tube. When removing the tube that has been shaped in this manner, the layers connected to the impressed tube indentations are also removed from the core.

Abstract: A valve for controlling the flow of dangerous fluids includes a housing having a housing member equipped with connecting nipples and with a valve seat formed on a discrete seat member, a magnet-supporting socket connected to the housing member and bounding a compartment therewith, and a valve member accommodated in the compartment and displaceable toward and away from the seat to control the flow of the fluid through the compartment between the connecting nipples. A layer of corrosion-resistant material is explosion welded to and covers the internal surface of the housing. The magnet-supporting socket includes two components of materials which are incapable of being welded to one another in a melt-welding operation, the components being connected to one another by explosion-welding.

Abstract: A method of making an integral structural member including first and second generally planar sections joined together at a transition section which defines fillets at opposite sides thereof. A first workpiece is positioned in a die with a slug of fillet material located adjacent thereto, a second workpiece is superplastically formed against a portion of the first workpiece and against a forming surface of the die, and a portion of the second workpiece combines with the slug of fillet material against the forming surface and the first workpiece to provide the fillets along both sides of the transition section for strengthening the transition section. Temperatures and pressures required for accomplishing the superplastic forming are maintained at diffusion bonding levels for a period of time sufficient to provide diffusion bonding between the workpieces and diffusion bonding of the workpieces to the fillet material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a certain improvement in the method for connecting a pipe to a plate by high pressure welding. This basic method is one in which the pipe is inserted a certain distance into a bore provided in the plate and subsequently the material of the pipe is spread out over the wall surface defining the bore of the plate, under the influence of high pressure and with the aid of a mandrel disposed in the pipe.The improvement provided by the invention basically comprises the steps of positioning within a cooperating punch and die set, the plate with an end section of the pipe inserted into the bore of the plate. The punch and die set have opposed aligned bores accommodating the extension therethrough of the pipe and a mandrel respectively. In addition the punch and die set generally confine the plate at the peripheral edge and opposite sides thereof, and are operable to apply compressive forces to the opposite sides of the plate.

Abstract: A method for fabricating metallic structures, especially those having intricate shapes, utilizes a combination of flow forming and bonding. A metal preform having flow forming characteristics is positioned relative to a shaping member and a metal workpiece to be joined to the preform. The preform is heated to a temperature range suitable for flow forming. Pressure is applied to cause the preform to flow form against the shaping member and the workpiece. The preform and workpiece are maintained under coordinated temperature-pressure-time duration conditions to produce metallurgical bonding of the preform to the workpiece.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment thin curved rare earth-cobalt magnets supported on the interior surface of a steel casing are formed by hot isostatic compaction. Rare earth-cobalt powder is magnetically aligned and compacted to at least 65% of the theoretical density. The relatively strong, curved green compacts are positioned on a curved mandrel and placed in a closely fitting steel casing which is evacuated and sealed. The magnets are densified under isostatic gas pressure at elevated temperatures and bonded to the steel. The steel backing serves as an integral motor casing when such magnets are used in D.C. motors.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pressure welding together novel aluminum or magnesium workpieces. Edges of workpieces to be pressure welded together are aligned with each other by abutment and one workpiece retracted from the other a predetermined distance to define an open channel between the edges. The workpiece edges are quickly heated to a temperature within the range of from about 200.degree. to 900.degree. F. by passing a uniform flow of heating gases through the channel such that the edge tip and sides of each workpiece are softened while the edge inner cores remain cooler and harder with their mechanical properties unaffected by the heat and the workpieces then moved into abutment with each other to close the channel and immediately pressed together under high pressure for expulsion of softened metal containing deleterious materials such as surface oxides and creation of a solid-phase weld bond between the relatively cool and hard inner cores.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a method for butt welding high strength aluminum and magnesium alloys. More particularly this invention pertains to a novel technique for welding (a) high strength aluminum alloys to each other, (b) high strength magnesium alloys to each other, and (c) high strength aluminum alloys to high strength magnesium alloys, under a combination of controlled pressure, temperature and time conditions.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a solar heating unit having tubular conduits for containing high pressure fluids is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of forming a thin sheet of soft metal, preferably a fully annealed copper sheet, by applying sufficient temperature and pressure to creep or thermally form the sheet in a grooved plate using an assembly of the fluid conduits having a paste solder applied thereon. The solder is melted during the creep forming step to form a good metallurgical bond between the sheet and the conduits.

Abstract: Unitary workpieces are produced from at least two components, one of which s a body made from smelt-metallurgical material and the other is a member made from powder-metallurgical material interconnected in a hole-and-plug arrangement. The components are located in respective die halves of a forging press and are forged into a desired shape under such conditions of heat and pressure so as to upset the material of each of the components at least along the juncture of their interconnection to simultaneously form a welded bond therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for diffusion bonding metallic detail parts to form a structural component. This invention presents an efficient low cost method of establishing and maintaining the required intimate surface contact for solid state diffusion bonding. This contact is achieved by configuring the metallic details such that sufficient stability is present to permit applying bonding forces sufficiently great to plastic flow the to-be-joined surfaces into intimate contact. The self-stability of the detail parts eliminates the need for support tooling and the plastic flow to achieve intimate contact eliminates the need for close tolerance preparation of the detail parts. This method is particularly applicable to the fabrication of hollow internally stiffened structural components in which the shell skins are non-parallel; such as turbofan/turbojet engine vanes and blades.