Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of free-flowing, non-caking, stable granular ammonium sulphate containing micronutrients comprising granulating ammonium sulphate in the presence of a granulating aid which is stripped zinc electrolyte derived from an electrolytic zinc operation. An effective amount of stripped zinc electrolyte is used to yield a final ammonium sulphate product containing about 0.4% to 1.3% by weight zinc, up to about 0.16% by weight magnesium and up to about 0.09% by weight manganese. The stripped zinc electrolyte, typically containing 20-25 g/L zinc, 2-4 g/L magnesium, 1-2 g/L manganese and sulphuric acid, may be added during reaction of ammonia and sulphuric acid prior to granulation. A free-flowing, non-caking, hard, ammonium sulphate granular fertilizer having a pH of about 2 to 7.5 as 10% solution, containing by weight 0.4% to 1.3% by weight zinc, up to about 0.16% by weight magnesium and up to about 0.09% by weight manganese is produced.

Abstract: A process for removing perchlorate ion from waste water using KCl is disclosed. In the process, waste perchlorate is concentrated by water evaporation in a stripping tower. Ammonia and volatile organics are removed during the concentrating step. Potassium chloride (KCl) is added to the concentrated perchlorate solution to form potassium perchlorate (KClO.sub.4), and the reaction mixture is cooled to effect crystallization of the potassium perchlorate. The crystallization liquor is removed by centrifuge or filter press and may be further treated as part of an overall waste water treatment system.

Abstract: A process for treating reclaimed ammonium perchlorate with carbon to produce rounded particles upon recrystallization is disclosed. In the process, a recovered ammonium perchlorate solution is contacted with activated carbon, preferably by passage through a packed column. Contamination that modifies the ammonium perchlorate crystal habit and causes rhombic-shaped ammonium perchlorate particles is removed by activated carbon. The carbon-treated ammonium perchlorate solution produces rounded AP particles upon recrystallization with mechanical agitation.

Abstract: The average size of ammonium sulfate crystals is increased by passing undersized ammonium sulfate crystals through a multistage apparatus in which the crystals are contacted with an aqueous ammonium sulfate spray in a first heated chamber to increase the average size of the crystals, the enlarged crystals thereafter passing through a second heated chamber to dry the enlarged crystals.

Abstract: The ammonium sulphate contained in tar-rich waste streams from the production of (meth)acrylonitrile can be precipitated out by adding 1 to 30 times the amount by weight of methanol, relative to the water content of the waste stream, and additionally 0.05 to 10% the amount by weight of ammonia, relative to methanol, to such a waste stream at 10.degree.-60.degree. C. and separating off the ammonium sulphate which precipitates out. The waste stream remaining after separating off the ammonium sulphate can, for example, be disposed of as low-sulphur waste-fuel in a combustion chamber.

Abstract: A phase stabilized ammonium nitrate mixed crystal structure is produced by the addition of potassium fluoride. Thus the undesirable abrupt expansion and contraction of ammonium nitrate in the temperature range of use in rocket motor propellants and explosives (-55.degree. C. to .lambda..degree. C.) is eliminated. The mixture is made by the addition of between about 3% to 5% and preferably about 3.5% by weight potassium fluoride to the ammonium nitrate by a nonhazardous aqueous method.

Abstract: A process for producing acidic boratozirconium chloride sols which comprises: reacting a zirconium compound with a boron compound in molar ratios of B/Zr of 0.3-1.2 together with a compound of a metal M other than boron, the metal M being selected from the group consisting of divalent, trivalent, tetravalent and pentavalent metals in molar ratios of M/Zr of about 0.01-1 in water in the presence of chloride ions in molar ratios of Cl/Zr of not less than about 1.The acidic boratozirconium chloride sol may be converted to basic boratozirconium sols by reacting the acidic sol with a basic carbonate compound such as ammonium carbonate.The sols, either acidic or basic, are readily gelled by contact with a dehydration solvent such as methanol or acetone.The gel is calcined at relatively low temperatures to provide zirconia which is either very pure or stabilized in varied degrees.

Abstract: Prior to evaporative crystallization of ammonium tungstate solutions to give ammonium paratungstate (APT), an aluminum compound, e.g. aluminum sulfate solution, is added to precipitate silicon and phosphorus impurities. The yield of crystallized ammonium paratungstate is thereby increased.

Abstract: A process for the working up of ammonium sulphate-containing effluent which is contaminated with organic compounds and optionally also ammonium nitrate, comprising evaporating the effluent to produce water vapor which is removed, a concentrated liquid and a crystal suspension, thickening the suspension to obtain solid ammonium sulphate which is removed and liquid which is recycled to an earlier stage, subjecting the concentrated liquid from evaporation to an optional vacuum cooling crystallization to obtain water vapor which is removed and a crystal suspension from which a concentrated liquid is separated off, advancing the concentrated liquid from the evaporation stage or from the vacuum cooling crystallization stage to a crystallizer, introducing ammonia into the crystallizer to decrease the solubility of the ammonium sulphate, thickening the ammoniacal crystal suspension to obtain ammonium sulphate solids which are removed and ammoniacal mother liquor which is advanced to a distillation step for recovery o

Abstract: Enhanced recovery of ammonium perchlorate from waste solid rocket propellant is effected by leaching shredded particles of the propellant with an aqueous leach solution containing a low concentration of surface active agent while stirring the suspension.

Abstract: Use of copper ion in acrylamide solution during concentration to inhibit polymerization.

Abstract: A process for producing a high purity ammonium heptamolybdate and/or ammonium dimolybdate product by which a particulated molybdenum oxide concentrate is purified to remove contaminating metal cations, whereafter it is leached with an ammoniacal leach solution to extract the molybdenum trioxide constituent therein as soluble ammonium molybdate compounds. The resultant ammoniacal leach solution is thereafter concentrated at an elevated temperature, whereafter at least a portion thereof is adjusted to provide an ammonia-to-molybdenum trioxide mol ratio ranging from about 0.86:1 to about 1.25:1, and the adjusted solution thereafter is cooled to effect a precipitation of ammonium heptamolybdate crystals which are separated and recovered, and the balance of the cooled solution is recirculated for admixture with additional ammoniacal leach solution.

Abstract: A method of making finely particulate ammonium perchlorate which comprises establishing a two-phase liquid system in which the upper phase is a concentrated solution of ammonium perchlorate and the lower phase is a liquid which is immiscible with the upper phase solvent and a non-solvent for ammonium perchlorate. Precipitation of ammonium perchlorate from the solution into the non-solvent is effected by either cooling the solution or evaporating the solvent thereof while subjecting the system to ultra-sonic vibrations. Fine ammonium perchlorate particles collect in the non-solvent phase and are recovered therefrom.

Abstract: A process for recovering ammonium sulphate from an aqueous ammonium sulphate solution containing organic contaminants is disclosed. The aqueous solution is contacted with an organic substance which is water soluble and which is capable, in combination with a saturated ammonium sulphate solution, of forming a two-layer system. The organic substance is selected from the group consisting of lactames of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. The resultant two layers may be separated into an aqueous phase containing the ammonium sulphate, and an organic phase containing the organic substance and the organic contaminants. Typical organic contaminants include acrylonitrile prepared from propylene, methyl methacrylate prepared from acetone cyandihydrin, and methyl methacrylate prepared from acrylonitrile. The ammonium sulphate is readily crystallized from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing certain metal salts in very fine particulate form. The process comprises cooling a solution of metal salt until the solution freezes and thereafter evaporating the solvent under very low pressure. The process is particularly applicable to salts of tungsten and nickel from which sub-micron particles of tungsten and nickel can be produced.

Abstract: A method is provided for recovery of the one of the phase components of a mixture of solids and liquids by introducing a condensable gas into the withdrawal line from a separator. This has particular usefulness as applied to the recovery of ammonium sulfate by washing of coke oven gases in which case the ammonium sulfate can, by centrifugation, be obtained with a moisture content of less than 1% by weight.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonium metatungstate (AMT) from ammonium tungstate (AT) solution is described which involves the addition of about 3.6 percent by weight of silica to an AT solution, digestion for at least about 4 hours at a temperature of at least about 98.degree.C, followed by filtration to remove the silica from the AMT solution. Typically about 0.4 percent by weight of silica remains after filtering. The resulting AMT solution may be further processed to recover solid AMT, such as by evaporation or spray drying.