Abstract: A process of making a powdered detergent aggregate comprising in a single pass process the step of introducing an absorptive soda ash into an agglomerator, forming a soda ash curtain within the agglomerator, spraying a surfactant onto the soda ash curtain, forming a curtain of resultant soda ash/surfactant product, spraying a silicate thereon, and adding additional surfactant to produce a non-caking soda ash/silicate/surfactant aggregate having 40-69 weight percent soda ash, 7-14 weight percent silicate, and 14-26 weight percent surfactant having a loose bulk density of from 600-1000 g/l.

Abstract: A process for producing silicate or silicate-containing builder granules having an apparent density of at least 600 g/l by compacting silicate materials having an apparent density of less than 500 g/l, a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O of 1.3 to 4, and a water content of up to 15% by weight, wherein the silicate materials are X-ray amorphous and are present in the form of a fine particle solid having a flake structure.

Abstract: The characteristics of compacted sodium silicate, in particular the bulk density, are improved by heating the material at an elevated temperature in an agitated bed. Bulk density in the region of 1 kg/liter can be obtained.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing sludge containing flyash and calcium sulfate formed by a lime or limestone scrubber increases the sludge particles to a size at which leaching of toxic metals from the particles no longer occurs at toxic levels. The sludge is dewatered and injected into the furnace in a manner to cause the flyash to soften and stick together. The agglomerated particles then fall into a bottom ash pit for removal as a common waste.

Abstract: A Sorel cementitious composition which releases permanganate ion into an aqueous media over time is described. A method of making and using the composition of the invention also are described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to articles of manufacture comprising solid compacts, formed at elevated pressures, from homogenous, finely divided powders of spray dried water soluble inorganic compounds. The solid compacts are characterized by their readily water dissolvable, substantially nondusting and dense nature.

Abstract: Conventional presintering and reaction presintering processes for the production of ceramic powders yield products exhibiting an undesired primary particle size distribution along with localized distribution of impurities, which give rise to the formulation of undesired duplex structures during final sintering.In order to avoid formation of undesired duplex structures within sintered ceramic parts a process and a device for producing ceramic powders based on single- or multi-phase metal oxides (including SiO.sub.2 - compounds), exhibiting a narrow particle size distribution, i.e. with a maximum deviation of the primary crystal size (REM) of +/- 0.75 .mu.m, preferentially less than +/- 0.25 .mu.m, within an average particle size of 0.05 up to 10.0 .mu.m, is conceived. The raw feed material exhibits a specific surface area of 0.05 up to 500 m.sup.2 /g (BET), preferentially 5.0 up to 50 m.sup.

Abstract: The present invention provides high grade opaliform porcellanite having a purity of at least 80% active silica. The invention also provides a process for the production of a high grade opaliform porcellanite having a purity of at least 80% active silica comprising grinding and screening porcellanite rock to form granules having an average diameter of between about 0.6 and 18 mm and then subjecting said granules to wet disintegration to remove soft clays and limestone and gravitic separation to separate the lower density opaliform active silica from higher density impurities intermixed therewith.

Abstract: A process for the production of silica-bound zeolite granulates is disclosed, wherein zeolite to be formed into a granulate is mixed with silica sol. The process is carried out by adding aqueous alkali metal silicate to the silica sol immediately before the silica sol is mixed with the solid zeolite to be granulated. By the described process, granulates of various grain sizes can be obtained, and the resultant granulates can have a narrow grain size distribution.

Abstract: A pelletized form of silica which is sufficiently dust free and highly dispersible in rubber formulations. The pelletized silica is produced by a process which involves pelletizing a mixture of silica and water in an inclined mixer and drying the pelletized product in a fluidized bed dryer.

Abstract: Molecular sieve agglomerates that can have improved physical and chemical properties are prepared by methods which comprise contacting the agglomerates with an alkali metal silicate solution. Molecular sieve agglomerates which comprise binders such as kaolin can additionally be contacted with an alkali hydroxide solution to convert the kaolin to Zeolite A prior to contacting the agglomerates with the alkali metal silicate solution to further improve properties. The molecular sieve agglomerates prepared according to the present invention are suitable for use as refrigerant desiccants.

Abstract: A method of producing pure and dense amorphous fused synthetic silica. Silica of desired purity is wet pelletized or agglomerated to form particles having an average particle size of between about 5 and 2500 microns. These particles are calcined to volatilize impurities and increase density to at least about 0.9 g/cm.sup.3. Calcined particles are classified by size or reduced in size if desired or needed by grinding in such a way that the purity of the product is maintained.

Abstract: Molecular sieve agglomerates that can have improved physical and chemical properties are prepared by methods which comprise contacting the agglomerates with an alkali metal silicate solution. Molecular sieve agglomerates which comprise binders such as kaolin can additionally be contacted with an alkali hydroxide solution to convert the kaolin to Zeolite A prior to contacting the agglomerates with the alkali metal silicate solution to further improve properties. The molecular sieve agglomerates prepared according to the present invention are suitable for use as refrigerant desiccants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zeolite agglomeration process and product. Zeolite particles are blended with a filler and preferably a surfactant and then agglomerated in a rotary agglomerator with a zeolite binder to form an agglomerate with about 5-70 parts by wgt. zeolite and, after drying, excellent mechanical strength and flowability with good solubilization/dispersion in aqueous solution. The zeolite agglomerate is preferably combined into a granular detergent in a second agglomeration step where the zeolite agglomerate is combined with other detergent components and sprayed with a detergent binder, the granular detergent being characterized by uniform density and particle size with minimum segregation and dusting. Both the zeolite agglomeration and detergent agglomeration steps are characterized by energy efficiency.

Abstract: Compositions suitable for use as detergents comprise a non-silicate-coated alkali metal phosphate salt hydrated to at least about 50% by weight, and an inorganic salt selected from alkali metal carbonates and sulfates. The compositions for use in, e.g. dishwashing, have improved solubility and dispersion characteristics.

Abstract: A process for producing aluminosilicate-built spray-dried detergent powders containing silicate comprises spraying a detergent slurry containing aluminosilicate into a spray-drying tower and simultaneously spraying in an aqueous solution of sodium silicate The resulting powders contain characteristic composite granules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to producing a polymeric alkali metal silicate glass powder by repeated steps of partial hydration and dehydration until the desired degree of polymerization has taken place. The polymeric alkali metal silicate glass may be utilized to produce aqueous polymeric alkali metal silicate glass solutions containing a suspension. This solution containing a suspension may be used as an adhesive, a binding agent, a laminating agent, coating agent and molding material.

Abstract: Alkali metal silicate glass is mixed with water to form an aqueous alkali metal silicate glass suspension, then dried to form a flexible solid alkali metal silicate glass product which may be heated to above the boiling temperature of water to produce a cellular product. The flexible solid product may be utilized as a flexible film, as an adhesive, a coating agent and a binding agent. The foamed product may be used for thermal and sound insulation.

Abstract: Pyrogenically prepared silicic acid is compressed by a rotary filter equipped with a pressing band.

Abstract: Bentonite agglomerates are made which are suitable for use as a particulate fabric softener for softening washed laundry, especially when incorporated in detergent compositions by mixing with spray dried beads containing essential detergent composition components. Such agglomerates are in the Nos. 10-100 sieve range and are agglomerates of finely divided bentonite. The agglomerates are of a bulk density in the range of 0.7 to 0.9 g./ml., a moisture content of 8 to 13% and a frangibility less than 30, and include 1 to 5% of a binder (sodium silicate). Also disclosed is a method for making the bentonite agglomerates by spraying an aqueous solution of the binder onto moving surfaces of finely divided bentonite until the moisture content thereof is elevated and the amount of binder for the agglomerate is sufficient, and drying the agglomerated particles to their "equilibrium moisture range".

Abstract: The use of combination granulates consisting of metasilicate and silica in detergent products. These combination granulates can particularly be used as anti-redeposition and antisoiling agents in detergent compositions for washing laundry.

Abstract: To produce granular, free-flowing detergents containing sodium metasilicate, pentasodium triphosphate or zeolite NaA or a triphosphate/zeolite mixture, at least two of the components are first agglomerated and mixed as a granular preagglomertate with other components present in powder form and compacted by means of rolls, the pressure limit beyond which no further compaction is obtained not being significantly exceeded. The compactate is then size-reduced to the desired particle size.

Abstract: Silicate/silica composite particulates, well adapted for detergency applications, e.g., in detergent formulations for automatic dishwashers, comprise granules having an average molar ratio SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O of from 1.2 to 2.6, a metasilicate core and an enveloping silica outer sheath therefor.

Abstract: Alkali metal silicate glass is mixed with water to form an aqueous alkali metal silicate glass suspension, then dried to form a flexible solid alkali metal silicate glass product which may be heated to above the boiling temperature of water to produce a cellular product. The flexible solid product may be utilized as a flexible film, as an adhesive, a coating agent and a binding agent. The foamed product may be used for thermal and sound insulation.

Abstract: There is provided a method for increasing the bulk density of low bulk density materials by intimately admixing a low bulk density material and an organic or organopolysiloxane liquid and thereafter removing substantially all of said organic or organopolysiloxane liquid, for example, by evaporation.

Abstract: Bentonite agglomerates are made which are suitable for use as a particulate fabric softener for softening washed laundry, especially when incorporated in detergent compositions by mixing with spray dried beads containing essential detergent composition components. Such agglomerates are in the Nos. 10-100 sieve range and are agglomerates of finely divided bentonite. The agglomerates are of a bulk density in the range of 7.0 to 0.9 g./ml., a moisture content of 8 to 13% and a frangibility less than 30, and includes 1 to 5% of a binder (sodium silicate). Also disclosed is a method for making the bentonite agglomerates by spraying an aqueous solution of the binder onto moving surfaces of finely divided bentonite until the moisture content thereof is elevated and the amount of binder for the agglomerate is sufficient, and drying the agglomerated particles to their "equilibrium moisture range".

Abstract: A process for producing agglomerated substantially completely hydrated detergent products is disclosed. The process includes forming an admixture containing, in combination, a hydratable condensed phosphate component, a hydratable detergent builder salt component, an alkali metal silicate and water, said water being present in an amount sufficient to effect agglomeration of the admixture and induce hydration of the hydratable components therein. A hardness sequestering agent then is added to the agglomerated and hydrated admixture and the resulting intermediate product subjected to aging to provide the finished agglomerated, substantially completely hydrated detergent product.

Abstract: Bentonite agglomerates are made which are suitable for use as a particulate fabric softener for softening washed laundry, especially when incorporated in detergent compositions by mixing with spray dried beads containing essential detergent composition components. Such agglomerates are in the No's. 10-100 sieve range and are agglomerates of finely divided bentonite. The agglomerates are of a bulk density in the range of 0.7 to 0.9 g./ml., a moisture content of 8 to 13% and a frangibility less than 30, and include 1 to 5% of a binder (sodium silicate). The described bentonite agglomerates are manufactured by spraying an aqueous solution of the binder onto moving surfaces of finely divided bentonite until the moisture content thereof is elevated and the amount of binder for the agglomerate is sufficient, and drying the agglomerated particles to their "equilibrium moisture range".

Abstract: A free-flowing granulate of a powder-form or fine-grained component and a liquid component; the granulate containing at least 20% by weight of the liquid component, is prepared by moving the powder-form or fine-grained component in a mixer-granulator, adding the liquid component while mixing until a moist granulate having a particle size of at most 1.5 mm is obtained, subsequently coarsening the granulate thus obtained with an increase in temperature to a particle size of from 0.4 to 4 mm and optionally coating this coarse granulate with another powder-form and/or fine-grained component at 60.degree. to 90.degree. C. The optionally coated granulate is converted by lowering the treatment temperature into a dry-looking, free-flowing, coarse-grained product, which if desired, may be coated with another powder-form and/or fine-grained material. Despite the high percentage of a liquid component, the granulate thus obtained appears as a dry granulate and is free-flowing.

Abstract: A fabric softening particulate synthetic organic detergent composition is made by mixing together a minor proportion of a finely divided bentonite powder and a major proportion of larger sized built synthetic organic detergent composition particles, spraying onto the surfaces of the moving mixture a dilute sodium silicate solution so that a small proportion of sodium silicate and a larger proportion of moisture are deposited on the mixing materials, and continuing mixing of the materials after cessation of the spraying of the silicate solution onto them.

Abstract: A carpet cleaning preparation in the form of a dry cleaning preparation in powder form which contains surfactants, organic solvents and zeolite and which is characterized in that the zeolite is in the form of a porous granulate which is unaffected by the mechanical stresses normally encountered during dry cleaning. The zeolite is preferably in the form of a porous granulate containing less than 2% by weight of particles 0.05 mm and smaller in size and less than 5% by weight of particles larger than 2 mm in size.

Abstract: Granular laundry detergent compositions containing swellable clays as fabric softener ingredients can clog dispensers in automatic washing machines. By the present invention, the softener clays are formed into agglomerates and coated with a dispensing aid to overcome this problem. Water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds are preferred dispensing aids; fully-formulated laundry detergents are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel granular particulates of sodium metasilicate, well adapted for improved detergency applications, are comprised of a central core of essentially anhydrous sodium metasilicate and a core-enveloping sheath of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate therefor, the amount of water which comprises said sodium metasilicate pentahydrate comprising at least 10% by weight, and advantageously from 10 to 20 or 25% by weight, of the total weight of said particulates.

Abstract: The invention provides a granulate comprising particles having sizes substantially within the range 0.15 to 1.25 mm, the granulate consisting of:(a) about 1 to 99 weight % of partially or completely hydrated sodium tripolyphosphate containing water of hydration in a proportion of at least about 10 weight %, based on the theoretically possible water content, the anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate containing about 20 to 90 weight % of phase-I-material prior to its being hydrated, the balance being phase-II, and(b) about 99 to 1 weight % of a water-insoluble alumino silicate ion exchanger material of the general formula(Cat.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.y.zH.sub.2 Oin which Cat stands for a calcium exchangeable cation with the valency n, x is 0.7 to 1.5, Me stands for boron or aluminum, y is 0.8 to 6, and z is 1.8 to 13.5.The invention also includes a spray process for making a granulate as just specified.

Abstract: Non-caking, granular detergent compositions suitable for use in automatic laundry machines or in automatic dishwashing machines are prepared from hydratable particulate detergent salts or such salts in admixture with other detergent ingredients such as non-hydratable detergent salts, surfactants, fillers, corrosion inhibitors, chlorine releasing agents, coloring agents and perfumes under conditions insuring substantially complete hydration of the hydratable detergent salts and agglomeration of the hydrated particulates in the composition into storage stable, dry, pourable agglomerates.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an abrasion-resistant storable cogranulate consisting of particles with a size of about 0.2 to 2 mm and having an apparent density of 800 to 1100 g/liter, the cogranulate containing(a) about 14.3 to 79.9 weight % of pentasodium tripolyphosphate(b) about 10.9 to 79.9 weight % of an alkali metal silicate(c) about 0.1 to 7.7 weight % of an ammonium polyphosphate of the followiong general formula (I)H.sub.(n-m)+2 (NH.sub.4).sub.m P.sub.n O.sub.3m+1 (I)in which n stands for an integral average value of 10 to 1000, m stands for a whole number of at most n+2 and m/n stands for a value of about 1, and(d) about 0 to 99 weight % water bound to components (a) and (b), based on the possible maximum quantity of hydration water of the components (a) and (b).

Abstract: Agglomerates of water insoluble builder molecular sieve zeolites are made by tumbling or otherwise suitably mixing very finely divided ion exchanging zeolite powder and a water soluble binder, such as starch, preferably in the presence of a small amount of moisture sufficient to promote desirable agglomeration of the finely divided ion exchanging zeolite particles and the binder into essentially spherical particles, preferably in the 6 to 140 mesh range. The agglomerates are readily disintegrated when agitated in water and rapidly release the separated very finely divided insoluble builder particles to allow them to remove hardness ions from the water. The dispersible and disintegrable agglomerates are especially useful in heavy duty detergent compositions wherein the zeolite of the agglomerate provides all or a substantial proportion of the builder content.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of sodium metasilicate. More particularly, this invention relates to a process for the preparation of solid, crystalline, substantially anhydrous sodium metasilicate which comprises the steps of:(a) reacting an SiO.sub.2 -containing material with a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in an SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of from about 1.2:1 to 1:1.2 under elevated pressure and at an elevated temperature, to form a sodium metasilicate suspension;(b) filtering the suspension from step (a) to obtain a filter cake and filtrate;(c) crushing the filter cake from step (b) at elevated temperature;(d) removing water from the crushed filter cake to recover substantially anhydrous sodium metasilicate;(e) concentrating the filtrate from step (b); and(f) returning the concentrated filtrate from step (e) to the reaction mixture of step (a).

Abstract: The process and installation for carrying out the process of preparing starting materials to form a ceramic composition by passing them through a crusher, storing them in silos, until different proportions are fed to a mixer and then to an intermediate silo from which the materials are pulverized, dried cleaned of ferrous impurities and passed through a spray tower where recycled and starting material are mixed and moisture content controlled depending on whether the ceramic mass or composition to which the granulated material is to be processed must be suitable for casting, kneading or pressing.

Abstract: A non-caking and freely flowing granulated composition of high abrasion-resistance which comprises a polymer phosphate and an ion-exchanging alkali metal aluminum silicate is disclosed. At least part of the polymer phosphate in said composition is a highly condensed phosphate, preferably of a phosphorous pentoxide-content between about 64% and about 69%. Said polymer phosphate may contain sodium tripolyphosphate in an amount between about 95% and 0% by weight and preferably between 80% and 60% by weight. Such a composition may also contain a water-soluble tenside which is liquid at room temperature. The process of producing such a granulated composition comprising a highly condensed phosphate and an alkali metal aluminum silicate, comprises granulation of the mixture of polymer phosphate and alkali metal aluminum silicate by spraying water or a tenside solution thereon.

Abstract: String-like agglomerates of chrysotile asbestos fibers are recovered from crude asbestos by first forming a stable gel structure of asbestos and dispersing agent, diluting the gel structure dispersion with water in a first dilution step to form a readily pourable dispersion without dilution of the concentration of dispersing agent to a level insufficient to maintain the asbestos fibrils in a dispersed state, and then, in a second dilution step, rapidly diluting the dispersion with water to reduce the concentration of dispersing agent to a level insufficient to maintain the dispersion, thereby forming agglomerates of the fibrils. Preferably, the dispersion is subjected to an orienting flow during or immediately after the second dilution step to form string-like agglomerates.

Abstract: A free flowing phosphate-free particulate heavy duty laundry detergent is comprised of particles of a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate having nonionic detergent in the interior and on the surface thereof, to which is adhered a coating of smaller particles of ion exchanging zeolite. The product made is exceptionally free flowing and, although the particles are relatively large, is also of high bulk density (over 0.6 g./cc.). Also within the invention is a method of making such products by contacting the particles of mixed sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate with a normally liquid or pasty nonionic detergent in the liquid state so that the detergent is largely absorbed by the particles and coats the surfaces thereof, which are then coated with powdered zeolite which adheres to the surface nonionic of the particles and makes them free flowing.

Abstract: Sodium metasilicate is granulated by (i) establishing, in a first zone, a cloud of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder; (ii) injecting into said cloud (i), and intimately contacting therewith, an atomized liquid phase which comprises a liquid formulation of a sodium silicate; (iii) said intimate contacting (ii) being conducted in an atmosphere of a drying gas, whereby crystallization of the anhydrous metasilicate and agglomeration of the thus coated particulates are effected, (iv) next subjecting the effluent cohered granules of said first zone to a state of agitation in a second discrete zone, in an atmosphere of a heating gas and whereby the agitated granules are at least partially converted to the sodium metasilicate pentahydrate; (v) and thence recovering from said second discrete zone a granular sodium metasilicate comprising from about 2 to 6% by weight water, and useful in the manufacture of a variety of detergent compositions.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a cation-exchanging alkali metal aluminosilicate granulate having a particle size of from 0.05 to 1 mm comprising (a) charging a finely-divided, crystalline water-containing alkali metal aluminosilicate powder having a calcium binding power of from 50 to 200 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous aluminosilicate and a particle size of less than 30.mu. into a conventional granulator, (b) adding thereto (i) m moles of SiO.sub.2 as an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution or an aqueous silicic acid sol, and (ii) n mols of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 as an acidic hydrolyzing aluminum salt and/or alkali metal aluminate powder and/or an aqueous alkali metal aluminate solution, (c) mixing until the moisture is uniformly absorbed and a granulate with a particle size of 0.05 to 1 mm is formed, and (d) drying said granulate at 80.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved process for pelletizing siliceous materials produced in an aqueous medium is disclosed. The process comprises the improvement of filtering the aqueous medium in which the siliceous materials are produced or refined, forming a slurry of the filter cake obtained by filtration and thereafter introducing the slurry directly into a pelletizer. The pellets thus formed are dried and a portion thereof recycled to the pelletizer so that the solids content of the slurry has a predetermined solids content. The process obviates the need for an initial drying of the filter cake, reduces the drying of excess water at several steps and provides for the recycling and use of unsatisfactory materials.

Abstract: Granular detergent compositions comprising at least 15% sodium tripolyphosphate are prepared by agglomeration with an agglomerating agent comprising an alkali metal silicate solution such process comprising addition of such agglomerating agent to a first portion of sodium tripolyphosphate and the addition of a second portion of sodium tripolyphosphate to the mixture of said first portion and the agglomerating agent after at least about 30% of the agglomerating agent has been added.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of low-phosphorus or phorphorus-free spray dried detergents containing at least one water-soluble inorganic or organic compound exerting a washing or cleansing effect and at least one compound inhibiting alkaline earth metal ion precipitation comprising a finely-dispersed, water-insoluble, bound water-containing silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown,(M.sub.2 /.sub.n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron and y is a number of from 0.

Abstract: A combined carbon black silica pigment is formed by forming a slurry of precipitated silica and producing a carbon black exhaust gas by the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon feedstock, then drying the silica slurry in a spray dryer with the heat of the carbon black exhaust gas to form a combined carbon black silica pigment having at least 28% by weight silica. The combined carbon black silica pigment is collected, pelletized and dried. The carbon black exhaust gas is quenched prior to entering the spray dryer.

Abstract: Granular detergent compositions containing alkali metal polyphosphates are prepared by spraying an aqueous sodium silicate solution onto anhydrous alkali metal polyphosphates and optionally onto other dry ingredients, said aqueous sodium silicate solution containing from about 2% to about 20% by weight of a hydratable salt.

Abstract: A pourable agglomerated aluminosilicate builder composition comprising(A) from 20% to 70% by weight of at least one finely-divided, synthetically-produced, water-insoluble aluminosilicate compound containing at least some combined water and having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and the formula on the anhydrous basis(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x. Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, and(B) from 30% to 80% by weight of at least two water-soluble alkali metal salts containing water of crystallization selected from the group consisting of tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, sulfates, carbonates, metasilicates and borates; as well as the process of production of the same.