Abstract: Arrangements for dynamic customized experience generate and control are provided. In some examples, a signal emitted from a computing device may be detected. A location of the computing device may be determined or received. A user associated with the computing device may be identified and user data may be requested from one or more computing systems. The received location data and user data may be analyzed using machine learning to generate a user prediction. The user prediction may include a particular function, preferred method or requirements for authentication to another computing device, such as a self-service kiosk, a preferred layout or arrangement for data provided, and the like. Based on the generated user prediction, a customized user experience output may be generated and transmitted to a computing device (e.g., self-service kiosk, user computing device, or the like) for display to the user.

Abstract: A system described herein may provide a technique for enhanced authentication techniques that leverage network-based location determination of UEs, such as mobile telephones or other devices that communicate with a wireless network. For example, a wireless network may monitor, determine, or otherwise maintain information regarding the geographic location of User Equipment (“UEs”) that are associated with the wireless network. Some embodiments may utilize such network-monitored location information to verify that a participant device, associated with a given UE, is located within a particular proximity of the UE when performing an authentication process to receive services or resources.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed in which cash deposits may be made at merchant locations who support such deposits. Using a mobile phone or other hand-held device, a bank customer requests a cash deposit from a banking app, receives a barcode on the mobile device, the barcode containing embedded information indicating the cash deposit amount, and presents the barcode to the merchant, along with the cash to be deposited. Once the transaction with the merchant is complete, the account of the bank customer's account is credited with the cash amount. The bank uses behavioral and historical data of the bank customer to customize a cash deposit limit for the customer.

Abstract: Methods and systems for facilitating transactions by visually-impaired cardholders are provided herein. In particular, a method for performing a transaction using a visually-impaired payment system is provided that includes a payment application with a visually-impaired functionality, which may be activated so as to provide auditory instructions and/or enlarged text instructions to a visually-impaired cardholder.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to techniques for ensuring that a negotiable instrument has not been altered between the time the instrument leaves the hands of the payor and when the check is presented for redemption by the payee by recording an image of the check in a data block in a blockchain and retrieving the image when the check is presented for redemption for comparison with the check. A match between the stored image and the check indicates that no alteration of the check has occurred.

Abstract: Embodiments herein registers Asset Owners (AOs) and AO applications to a location, aggregation, and insight (LAI) service that are part of the same identity federation. When registering the AO with the LAI service, the AO selects which of a plurality of Identity Providers (IDPs) it has a relationship with, and the LAI service can then bind those IDPs to the AO application. This binding associates respective realms (e.g., domains) corresponding to the selected IDPs to the AO application. Later, when a device owned by the AO roams to a visited network (VN), the LAI service can then use a realm identified from a device ID provided by the device to identify the ID of the AO application. The LAI service then enables the VN to transmit a location of the device to the AO application. In one embodiment, the VN obtains consent from the AO before sharing location data.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses described herein relate to a method for delivering cash to a user. The method includes receiving a cash delivery request from a first user device of the user. The method includes generating a cash authentication code (CAC) for the cash delivery request to be verified by a cash dispenser machine. The method may include transmitting the cash delivery request and the CAC to a second user device of a driver. The method may include determining a route for the driver from a first location of the driver, to a second location of a cash dispenser machine, and to a third location of the customer to deliver the cash delivery request. The method may include instructing the cash dispenser machine to dispense cash in response to authenticating the second user device based on the CAC and determining that the first current location is at the second location.

Abstract: A system, method and computer-readable medium are provided to enable digital bank endorsement. A digital image of a back side of a check may be placed in a computer memory. Appropriate coordinates for a bank endorsement may be determined. A bank endorsement may be automatically generated. The digital image may then be electronically altered by overlaying, merging, or rendering text of the generated bank endorsement. A modified digital image may be combined with an image of the front side of the check and stored and/or exported to check clearing operations.

Abstract: A modular ATM is disclosed herein and can include a safe with a first port, at least one currency cassette and dispenser both positioned in the safe, a recycler, and a plurality of linking transport assemblies. The dispenser can move banknotes between the cassette and the first port. The recycler can be positioned on the safe, have second and third ports, and move banknotes between the second and third ports. The recycler can be positionable in a plurality of different orientations and offsets relative to the safe. The plurality of linking transport assemblies can each be individually engageable with the recycler. Each of the linking transport assembly moves banknotes between the first port of the safe and the second port of the recycler. Each linking transport assembly is individually positionable between the safe and the recycler.

Abstract: A bill processing apparatus which is capable of reliably supplying information on a bill to the bill housing body side. The paper sheet processing apparatus has a bill housing part being capable of housing a bill inserted from a bill insertion slot, and also a reader/writer which wirelessly transmits information on the bill inserted from the bill insertion slot. The bill housing part has a coil antenna which wirelessly receives the information transmitted from the reader/writer, and a storage part which stores the information on the bill received from the coil antenna.

Abstract: Techniques for conducting transactions with one-time passwords are described herein. These techniques may include receiving a request to conduct a transaction, as well as a one-time password and an identifier linked with a payment instrument. The identifier may or may not identify the linked payment instrument. In both instances, a transaction processing service may compare the received one-time password with a one-time password stored at or accessible by the transaction processing service. If the passwords match, the service may approve the transaction. Otherwise, the service may decline the transaction or implement one or more additional authorization procedures.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments assist a user in monitoring one or more user-selected activities. In addition, a user may share the monitored information with one or more people, such as a particular group of friends (e.g., friends associated with a social networking website) or by e-mailing or text messaging the monitored information to a particular person or persons. In some embodiments, a user may participate in a competition with one or more people (e.g., designated friends or even random people) to either perform or not perform a particular activity. Still, in some embodiments, the disclosed embodiments may automatically receive financial data from a financial service provider and update/display one or more user-selected activities based on the received financial data.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to methods, systems, and computing platforms for authenticating activity on another computing device in real-time using a mobile device on a high generation cellular network. Aspects of the disclosure leverage and utilize a user's mobile device connected to a high generation cellular network to collect and analyze data about a user to seamlessly identify and prevent potentially fraudulent transactions. More specifically, the present disclosure uses high generation cellular networks, such as a fifth-generation (“5G”) cellular network, to seamlessly, frequently, and repeatedly monitor a user through a 5G mobile device to provide a variation on two-factor authentication. Aspects of the disclosure provide effective, efficient, scalable, fast, reliable, and convenient technical solutions that address and overcome the technical problems associated with monitoring and preventing in real-time potential fraudulent transactions without burdening users (e.g.

Abstract: The operation of one or more cash handling devices may be remotely modified by updating locally stored cash dispensing data at each of the one or more cash handling devices based at least in part on optimization data generated at a monitoring server. Operational data is received from the one or more cash handling devices and utilized to generate historical data within a historical database. Optimization parameters are received for each of one or more cash handling devices, and the optimization parameters are utilized together with the generated historical data to generate optimization data utilizing one or more optimization models. The optimization data is transmitted to applicable cash handling devices to cause the cash handling device to update locally stored executing instructions causing operation of the cash handling device to dispense cash into one or more register tills.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an authentication method for e-wallet carrier, wherein the e-wallet carrier is stored with an authentication program, and the method comprises: an escrow institution constructs user information and a user database, and the user database has private and public key information; the escrow institution generates authentication information through the authentication program, and transmits the private key information as well as authentication program to the carrier to make the carrier in a restricted mode; when receiving verification information and confirming that its user information is correct, the escrow institution provides the authentication information to the user; after electronic receives the authentication information, the carrier is switched to be in a unlocked mode, thus to make transactions in currency.

Abstract: In a system of networked IHSs (Information Handling Systems) supporting the use of roaming biometric profiles, an individual may utilize biometric authentication for gaining access to various IHSs within the system. An IHS configured to support roaming biometric authentication includes biometric sensors that support secure transmission and management of biometric prints collected by such sensors. Such biometric sensors may interoperate with a secure processing component of the IHS in order to prevent transmission and storage of unprotected biometric prints, while still supporting roaming biometric authentication. The biometric sensor utilizes an encryption key for encoding biometric prints where the key is selected based on a group affiliation of the individual, thus protecting biometric prints from other groups that use roaming biometric authentication while sharing the same network of IHSs.

Abstract: An exemplary system includes at least one physical computing device that is communicatively coupled, by way of a network, to an automated teller machine (ATM), and that receives a transaction identifier from the ATM, uses the transaction identifier to query an electronic payment system, receives, from the electronic payment system in response to the query, data representative of a pending electronic payment that is associated with the transaction identifier and is awaiting funding, sends data representative of information about the pending electronic payment to the ATM, the information indicating an amount to fund the pending electronic payment, receives, from the ATM, a confirmation that the ATM has received the amount to fund the pending electronic payment, and notifies the electronic payment system that the pending electronic payment has been funded.

Abstract: An automatic teller machine includes a door having a locking part for opening and closing a medium storage space in which a medium is stored; a first slide member located at a locked position or an opened position by means of a locking or opening operation of the locking part; a second slide member for locking the door by means of engagement with the first slide member when the first slide member is in the locked position; a drive unit for moving the second slide member between a first position in which the door is locked and a second position in which the door is unlocked when the first slide member is in the locked position; and a control unit for controlling driving of the drive unit.

Abstract: Secure electronic payment is disclosed as it may be implemented for a point of sale machine such as but not limited to, vending machines/devices, parking devices/facilities, and laundry machines/facilities. An example secure electronic payment system includes a remote payment processor to confirm payment for a transaction at a point of sale device and issue a token to a mobile device for completing the transaction. A wireless interface module at the point of sale device is configured to receive the token from the mobile device for the transaction via a wireless communications protocol. A token processing module at the point of sale device confirms validity of the token. A transaction processing module negotiates the transaction at the point of sale device by actuating the point of sale device.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for improving network database functionalities are discussed therein, such as a computer-implemented method including generating, in a network database, a first dataset associated with a client account, wherein the first dataset indicates a restricted value; receiving, from a client device associated with the client account, a first data linking query to associate the first dataset with an instrument identifier; generating, in the network database, a dataset pointer mapping the first dataset with the instrument identifier, wherein the instrument identifier is associated with a physical instrument; receiving a transmission indication associated with the physical instrument, wherein the transmission indication indicates the instrument identifier and a partial amount associated with the first dataset; updating, in the network database, the first dataset based on the transmission indication; and outputting, to the client device, a transmission notification indic

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying a promotion to a payment transaction originating at a point of sale system of a merchant are described. Transactional information is provided to an acquirer computing system of the merchant. Based on identifying indicia associated with the transactional information, the acquirer computing system determines whether to modify the payment transaction messaging before communicating it along to an issuer computing system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cardless authentication of a user at an automated teller machine are described. A method includes receiving, by a mobile device, a proximity notification from an automated teller machine; receiving, by the mobile device, a request for authentication information regarding a user of the mobile device; and transmitting, by the mobile device, the authentication information to the automated teller machine for authentication to, in turn, enable a user to perform a financial transaction at the automated teller machine based upon the transmitted authentication information.

Abstract: A computer system processes the electronic payment of tolls by storing, on a toll collection server, an accounting record for a mobile user account that is associated with a mobile user and a mobile computing device. A database having a plurality of toll locations and at least one toll that is incurred by the mobile user when the mobile computing device passes the toll location is stored on a toll collection server. An electronic communication containing a notification that the mobile computing device passed the toll location is received. The accounting record is modified on the toll collection server to deduct the amount of the toll from the mobile user account. The toll collection server is coupled to a toll authority server. An electronic payment is sent to the toll authority server in an amount that is associated with the toll.

Abstract: A method performed by a processor of a provider computing system includes allowing an account holder at the provider to initiate a transaction with the provider remotely (e.g., via smartphone, online banking, etc.), by submitting a request for a specified transaction to be picked up in a lockbox at a provider's lockbox location. The pickup and completion of the account holder's requested transaction occurs at a lockbox location that has a plurality of lockboxes. The lockbox allows the account holder to access the facility at the account holder's leisure, both in time and location. The lockbox pickup service alleviates the uncertainty, fluctuating time cost, and inconvenient operating hours by allowing the account holder to request transactions with an easy to use interface resulting in a lockbox to be accordingly prepped so that the account holder can provide the proper authentication information and access the lockbox.

Abstract: A method and system are presented for making a secure payment transaction using a payment card associated with a consumer which has been registered with a digital wallet. A secure server is arranged, in response to a request from a merchant server in relation to the consumer, to extract from the digital wallet payment credentials for the payment card. The secure server uses the payment credentials and the identity of the merchant server to generate a token. The token is provided to the merchant. To effect a payment transaction, the merchant server returns the token to the secure server with details of the desired payment transaction, and the secure server arranges for the payment transaction to occur, and notifies the merchant server. The merchant server does not receive the payment credentials of the payment card during this process, so even if its security is compromised, the payment credentials are not at risk.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus and an information processing system that enable a settlement at a real shop without complicated operation is proposed. There is provided an information processing apparatus including: a unique information acquisition unit that acquires unique information, regarding a settlement at a real shop, generated by a user terminal via a real-shop terminal; a verification unit that verifies the unique information; and a settlement processing unit that sends the unique information to a settlement service provider so that the settlement service provider performs settlement processing on the basis of the unique information.

Abstract: Systems and methods for an account integration system include establishing, by a service provider device, a first session with a service provider account associated with a user. After determining that a second session between a user device and the third party account of the user is active, a first validation is caused to access third party account information associated with the second session. The third party account information and the service provider account information are concurrently displayed by a display interface of the service provider device. A transaction request for a transaction associated with the service provider account and the third party account of the user is received. Information is sent to cause a second validation of the transaction request by a provider of the third party account. In response to the second validation of the transaction request, the requested transaction is processed.

Abstract: Technologies for emulating payment transaction messaging for electronic payment transaction include a transaction management controller for receiving a transaction amount for a payment transaction from a business management engine and simulated payment card data for the payment transaction from a point of interaction emulator. The transaction management controller inserts the transaction amount and the payment card data into a test payment authorization request message, which is transmitted to a null host. A payment authorization response message is received from the null host and transmitted by the transaction management controller the business management engine. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A method and a printer for aligning leading edge of a printable receipt to print position of a printer is described. The printer includes a sensor placed proximal to a cutter position. The sensor generates a first signal in response to a printable receipt blocking the sensor. Upon detection of first signal from the sensor, a backward feed signal is provided to a first motor until the first signal is stopped to roll the printable receipt into a print receipt roller. Further, a forward feed signal is provided to the first motor to unroll printable receipt from the print receipt roller until a second signal is received from the sensor on blocking by the printable receipt. Upon detection of the second signal, an automatic fixed backward feed signal is provided to the first motor to align the leading edge of the printable receipt in the print position thereby avoiding wastage of printable receipt.

Abstract: A system and method for creating and accessing a bifurcated digital wallet is described. The method comprises of processor implemented steps of authenticating by an authentication server one or more authentication information sent by a user terminal to the authentication server; extracting a first set of information by the authentication server based on the authentication of the authentication information; extracting a second set of information by one or more second servers based on the authentication of the authentication information; collating the first set of information and second set of information and displaying the collated information at the user terminal for processing a transaction.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus is provided. The information processing apparatus includes an electronic money unit including a processor, a memory configured to store a balance of electronic monetary value, a terminal communication unit configured to receive a first command from an electronic money terminal using a terminal antenna, a mobile communication unit including a phone antenna for mobile communication via a base station; an interface unit configured to receive a second command from an electronic money server through an encrypted connection over the mobile communication; wherein the processor is configured to change the balance of electronic monetary value in response to at least one of the first command and the second command.

Abstract: A system for accepting the input of a PIN comprises a first device receiving a randomized PIN layout derived on a fourth device. The randomized PIN layout is displayed on a display of the first device. A second device comprises an input for accepting a series of key presses to produce a PIN token. The PIN token indicating each of the series of key presses. A third device is in communication with the second device. The third device derives the randomized PIN layout and receives the PIN token from the second device without the PIN token being present on the first device. The third device combines the PIN layout and the PIN token to produce a PIN. The PIN is used to authenticate a transaction. The fourth and third devices each store a shared secret used to independently derive the randomized PIN layout on the fourth and third devices.

Abstract: A system and method for providing security to a token, including: a digital security system generating a unique token identification code for each token to be locked; the digital security system storing in a security system database each token identification code; for a token being purchased, a point-of-sale system obtaining the unique token identification code from the token being purchased; the point-of-sale system sending the unique token identification code obtained from the token being purchased to the digital security system for activation of the token being purchased; the digital security system receiving the unique token identification code sent from the point-of-sale system and comparing the received unique token identification code with token identification codes in the security system database to authenticate the unique token identification code; and the digital security system activating the unique token identification code.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods are provided herein for facilitating financial services through point of sale (POS) systems. A system for facilitating financial services comprises a retail central computer system and a POS system. The POS system is configured to receive an input to switch from a retail mode to a financial services mode, receive, from the card reader, debit card information from a debit card associated with an account of a customer, transmit the debit card information and the cash amount to the retail central computer system, and remove the debit card information from a memory of the POS system. The retail central computer system is configured to encrypt the debit card information received from the POS system, generate a load cash request message, and remove the debit card information from the memory device after encrypting the debit card information.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method comprises: committing a transaction amount t of a transaction with a commitment scheme to obtain a transaction commitment value T, the commitment scheme comprising at least a transaction blinding factor r_t; encrypting a combination of the transaction blinding factor r_t and the transaction amount t with a public key PK_B of a recipient of the transaction; and transmitting the transaction commitment value T and the encrypted combination to a recipient node associated with the recipient for the recipient node to verify the transaction.

Abstract: Techniques for detecting counterfeit checks include using sensors to determine correspondence between items detected on a check using machine vision. Correspondence between different items on a received check is used to generate a check score, which is compared to a risk-based threshold to determine how a transaction involving the check should be handled.

Abstract: Existing currency validation (CVAL) devices, systems, and methods are too slow, costly, intrusive, and/or bulky to be routinely used in common transaction locations (e.g., at checkout, at an automatic teller machine, etc.). Presented herein are devices, systems, and methods to facilitate optical validation of documents, merchandise, or currency at common transaction locations and to do so in an obtrusive and convenient way. More specifically, the present invention embraces a validation device that may be used alone or integrated within a larger system (e.g., point of sale system, kiosk, etc.). The present invention also embraces methods for currency validation using the validation device, as well as methods for improving the quality and consistency of data captured by the validation device for validation.

Abstract: An identity management device and system. The device comprises a processor operably coupled to a memory, a display, and a communication interface. The device can have stored thereupon instructions that, when executed by processor, cause the processor to implement a user device interface configured to receive, from user device through the communication interface and store in the memory, at least one identification record comprising visually depictable identification data and a user interface configured to update the display to depict the visually depictable identification data. The identification record can comprise authentication data. Authentication data can be displayed on the device or securely transmitted.

Abstract: An exemplary system includes at least one physical computing device that is communicatively coupled, by way of a network, to an automated teller machine (ATM), and that receives, by way of user input to the ATM, a transaction identifier, verifies that the transaction identifier represents, in an electronic payment system, an electronic payment of an amount from a sender to a recipient by way of the electronic payment system, generates an access code for the electronic payment, initiates a transmission of the access code to a computing device of the recipient, receives, by way of additional user input to the ATM, the access code for the electronic payment, validates the received access code for the electronic payment, and directs, in response to the validation of the received access code, the ATM to disburse the amount of the electronic payment in physical currency.

Abstract: An orchestration platform processes transaction requests. The processing includes a series of processing steps. Advices are applied to extract status information before and after execution of at least some of the processing steps. The extracted status information is provided to a transaction monitoring system that provides a user interface for monitoring transaction status. When exceptions occur in transaction processing, the user interface may enable additional information to be provided that addresses the transaction to enable transaction processing to resume.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to providing augmented reality user interfaces for ATM transactions. In some embodiments, a computing platform may receive presence information indicating that a mobile computing device is within a predetermined distance of a first ATM at a first location, authenticate a user of the mobile computing device to an online banking account, and generate a transaction-specific device identifier that uniquely identifies the first ATM at the first location. Thereafter, the computing platform may generate and send an augmented reality user interface to the mobile computing device, prompting the user to use the mobile computing device to capture the transaction-specific device identifier. Based on verifying that the user is authorized to perform a transaction at the first ATM, the computing platform may cause an NFC connection to be established between the mobile computing device and the first ATM, via which the transaction may be conducted.

Abstract: A modular ATM system is disclosed herein and can include a safe with a first port, at least one currency cassette and dispenser both positioned in the safe, a recycler, and a plurality of linking transport assemblies. The dispenser can move banknotes between the cassette and the first port. The recycler can be positioned on the safe, have second and third ports, and move banknotes between the second and third ports. The recycler can be positionable in a plurality of different orientations and offsets relative to the safe. The plurality of linking transport assemblies can each be individually engageable with the recycler. Each of the linking transport assembly moves banknotes between the first port of the safe and the second port of the recycler. Each linking transport assembly is individually positionable between the safe and the recycler.

Abstract: A system and method for redirecting a financial transaction from one account held by a customer at a first issuer to a second account held by the customer at a second issuer comprising receiving a customer request for redirection, identifying the second account to which transactions should be redirected, providing redirection information to a transaction entity, receiving terms for a financial transaction, and performing the financial transaction with respect to the second account.

Abstract: One object is to acquire from a paper sheet circulating in the market data for updating the data for recognition. A paper sheet handling apparatus used for recognizing a paper sheet and the like includes a recognition unit that recognizes a paper sheet, an operation unit for instructing execution of a data collection processing, and a control unit that controls, in the data collection processing that is executed after an instruction operation is performed by using the operation unit, data from a paper sheet that is not correctly recognized by the recognition unit, and a memory that stores therein the data collected by the control unit.

Abstract: A modular ATM system is disclosed herein and can include a safe with a first port, at least one currency cassette and dispenser both positioned in the safe, a currency conveyor, and a plurality of linking transport assemblies. The dispenser can move banknotes between the cassette and the first port. The currency conveyor can be positioned on the safe, have second and third ports, and move banknotes between the second and third ports. The currency conveyor can be positionable in a plurality of different orientations and offsets relative to the safe. The plurality of linking transport assemblies can each be individually engageable with the currency conveyor. Each of the linking transport assembly moves banknotes between the first port and the second port. Each linking transport assembly is individually positionable between the safe and the currency conveyor.

Abstract: A mobile wallet computer system may send a token to a customer computing device to share the token with a recipient computer system in exchange for payment for a service or a good. The mobile wallet computer system may receive, the token, a recipient public key associated with a MBC account of the recipient, and a transaction amount. The mobile wallet computer system determines whether the recipient public key is registered with the mobile wallet computer system. The mobile wallet computer system updates a ledger that lists a MBC balance of the MBC account of the recipient and the ledger that lists the MBC balance of the customer or transmits, to MBC processing nodes, a request to transfer the amount of MBC in a pooled MBC account of a financial institution to the MBC account of the recipient.

Abstract: An NFC-enabled apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a touch screen display and a near field communication (NFC) module comprising an NFC antenna and an NFC controller. In response to tagging between the NFC-enabled apparatus and the external NFC terminal, an NFC communication channel is established between the NFC-enabled apparatus and the external NFC terminal for data communication therebetween.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include computerized methods and systems that enable users to delegate a functionality of a mobile application through pre-loaded tokens. In one aspect, the disclosed embodiments may temporarily delegate or “loan” financial products loaded into a mobile wallet of a user to other eligible users. For example, the disclosed embodiments may receive, from a first user, a request to delegate a financial product to a second user to complete purchase transactions. In response to the received request, the disclosed embodiments may identify one or more temporal or financial conditions on the delegation, and may generate a corresponding mobile wallet token for transmission to a second user device. The second user device may, for example, process the mobile wallet token and establish the delegated financial provide in the second user's mobile wallet in accordance with the at least one of the temporal or financial conditions.

Abstract: An illustrative computing device may include a processor and a non-transitory memory device for storing a data structure capable of being compressed, where the data structure includes a plurality of data elements and each of the plurality of data elements includes a date field and a quantity field. The computing device may process instructions to arrange the plurality of data elements in a consecutive series in date order based on a value stored in the date field of each data element, determine whether a gap appears in the consecutive series of data elements based on a value stored in the quantity field of each element, remove the determined gaps in each of the data elements, and repeat the determining and removing steps until a predetermined criterion has been reached.

Abstract: A safety communication scheme for a safety-critical system which includes two or more higher level units that have voting capabilities and one or two sets of lower level units that do not have voting capabilities, involves using one channel between the high and low level units for safety and two channels for redundancy.