Abstract: A workpiece identifying method is provided, being characterized in that a plurality of identification areas of plural columns and rows are plotted in an identification mark providing region provided in the area of the unused portion of a workpiece or a product, identification holes are formed in the proper number of identification areas, whereby an identification mark is provided to the workpiece or the product. A workpiece is produced with identification holes formed in the proper number of identification areas. An identifying method for detecting the identification holes formed in the proper number of identification areas of the workpiece and workpiece identification apparatus are also provided. Sheet metal machining apparatus is further provided, having the workpiece identification apparatus placed in a workpiece feed device side or a carry-away device side for a sheet metal work machine. Thus, an identification mark is easily and surely provided to the workpiece, making it easy to identify the same.

Abstract: A magnetic card (10) has a base card (11), a magnetic stripe (12) formed on the base card (11), and a plurality of optical fibers (15) extended within the base card (11) substantially perpendicularly to the magnetic stripe (12). The magnetic stripe (12) consists of an arrangement of a plurality of unit magnetic segments (12a) each having a recording capacity of a predetermined number of bits, for example, eleven bits. The optical fibers (15) are assigned to the unit magnetic segments (12a), respectively. A read/write head (23) reads magnetic information from the magnetic stripe (12), an optical read device including a light-emitting device (20) and a light-receiving device (22) read optical information from the optical fibers (15), and a controller (25) examines the magnetic information with reference to the optical information to authenticate the magnetic information.

Abstract: A method is provided for counting cut sheets such as bank notes. A loose bundle of cut sheets is supported in a predetermined posture, and the cut sheets of the supported bundle are successively fed obliquely relative to an edge of each remaining cut sheet of the supported bundle. Passage of a corner of each successively fed cut sheet across a predetermined position is detected, and the resulting detection signal is processed to provide a count of each successively fed cut sheet.

Abstract: An IC card and a method of fabricating the same are provided in which the IC card substrate is formed of a blackened metal core plate to improve thermal, electrical and mechanical stability of the IC card.

Abstract: A card type memory device comprises a semiconductor chip having a nonvolatile semiconductor memory formed with external connection terminals and a metal frame comprising bed sections and external terminal electrode sections with a step section formed between the bed section and the external terminal electrode section, the bed sections of the metal frame being electrically connected to the external terminal electrode sections of the semiconductor chip. At least one surface and outer peripheral surface of the semiconductor chip are resin sealed such that at least electrode surfaces of the external terminal electrode sections of the metal frame are exposed substantially flush with a resin-sealed body surface. By doing so, a semiconductor package is formed. The semiconductor package is buried in a recess in a card type base board such that the electrode surfaces of the external terminal electrode sections of the metal frame in the semiconductor package is buried substantially flush with an external surface.

Abstract: An electronic franking machine has a data reader for reading data stored in a microcircuit fitted in a chip card and includes a receptacle with respect to which are disposed a predetermined location and a punching mechanism.

Abstract: The present invention provides machine and human readable information for a data cartridge or other item to be stored. In one embodiment, a label, on which human readable information is printed or similarly marked, is applied to cover an indicator area of the cartridge. The indicator area of the cartridge has recesses formed therein; corresponding positions on the indicator area of the label overlay the recesses and be either open or closed. An open position allows a mechanical, spring-loaded finger on a data drive to engage the exposed recess and activate or deactivate a connected switch. Information, matching the printed human readable information, can thus be encoded in the label and machine read by the data drive.

Abstract: A codeable card includes a coding area formed on one side of a card body and having a number of opaque elements to be removed for coding number. A cover layer has portion secured to the card body and has the other portion secured to the coding area before the opaque elements are removed. The other portion of the cover layer is protected with a removable layer which is removed before the other portion of the cover layer is secured to the card body. The users may easily code the required number be removing the opaque elements.

Abstract: A data card for storing individual data for the use of an exerciser, such as a stationary bicycle. The data card includes a base having a transparent plate and a photo intercepting film formed on the plate for intercepting light except for a plurality of portions. A plurality of removable light stopping films each formed at least on one surface of the base at a position corresponding to the plurality of portions for stopping the passage of light through the portions. Individual data is stored by removing the light stopping film on a portion corresponding to the individual data.

Abstract: A process for collating photographic film with prints made therefrom. During a reception process of a photofinishing order, data indicative of a customer's ID number recorded on an envelope is recorded in a magnetic recording layer of a photographic film. During a printing process, the customer's ID number is read out from the magnetic recording layer, and is recorded on the rear of a corresponding photographic print. The customer's ID number on the photographic film read out from the magnetic recording layer is displayed on a display device, or is recorded in the form of manually readable symbols onto the photographic film or a cassette. In collating, the three customer's ID numbers are compared with one another, so as to judge the correspondence between the envelope and the photographic film and a set of photographic prints. If they correctly correspond to one another, the photographic film and the photographic print set are packed in the envelope.

Abstract: A very compact package for an electronic data module, which includes battery-backed memory. A two-part metal container is used, which has two shallow concave pieces which fit together. The integrated circuit (in a low-height package, such as a flat-pack or SOIC) is mounted on a very small flexible printed circuit board, which fits inside the container. Laterally spaced from the integrated circuit, on the other end of the small flexible board, the board end is sandwiched between a battery and a piece of elastic conductive material (such as conductive plastic foam). Thus, the battery is connected between one face of the container and a power conductor on the board. The piece of elastic conductive material makes contact between a data trace on the board and the other face of the container. Another trace on the board makes contact directly to the container face on which the battery's ground terminal is connected.

Abstract: The reliability of a thin semiconductor card, such as an IC card, is enhanced by stress absorbing part such as deformable part for absorbing externally applied stress, thereby preventing the stress from damaging the card main body, the semiconductor module, or the semiconductor elements. Alternatively, protection is provided by a weaker section, located away from the semiconductor module, that breaks under external stress before the stress can destroy the semiconductor module.

Abstract: An identification device, especially a plate for identifying articles, particularly pieces of rough timber, comprising a flat rigid support (1), to which are affixed information marks (2) visible from the outer face (3) of the supports (1), the inner face (4) of the support (1) generally being arranged against the article to be identified, the device being such that, in combination, on the one hand the information marks (2) are located in the direction of the inner face of a flat element (5) forming part of the device, and on the other hand the element (5) is joined rigidly against the outer face of the support (1) and is transparent, at least opposite the information marks (2); in this way, the information marks (2) are both recognized from the outer face of the identification device and protected against external attack.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a ticket issuing machine system including a keyboard 6 to enter into the machine details of a ticket to be issued a printer 1 to print out ticket information on the ticket depending upon the data entered into the keyboard and means 8 for storing information about the tickets issued by the machine and which includes a store circuit board module 12 capable of storing data about the tickets issued and which is readily capable of being inserted into and removed from the ticket issuing machine to have the details of the tickets issued transferred to an exterior store. The machine includes optical emitting means 17, 20 and optical responsive means 8, 19 to enable signals to be passed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for opening doors, safety apparatus and the like, and to an electronic control device in which at least two cards are employed. Each card is provided with identifying elements, which are arranged in the same manner as in the other cards. One card has to be inserted in the internal part of a reading unit which is mounted on the system to be controlled, this card being thus provided with hte combination for the system itself. The other card may be inserted in a further reading unit which is identical with the first one and is accessible from the outside. If identical reading combinations are detected on comparing both series of identifying elements, positioned on the movable cards in an identical manner, a consent signal is emitted for actuating the opening mechanism.

Abstract: A bar-code label has a combination of a plurality of narrower slots and a plurality of wider slots encoded to represent specific binary data containing information and/or instructions. The slotted bar-code is encoded on a rigid label member, such as a metal sheet. A bar-code encoding device used to encode the slotted bar-code has a pair of punches, one of which is adapted to form the narrower slots and the other of which is adapted to form the wider slots. Both of the punches are operated simultaneously whenever one of the narrower or wider slots is formed. The blank label is fed past one of the punches to form all of the narrower or wider slots before forming the rest of the wider or narrower slots with the other punch. The encoded label thus formed in suitable for use in painting or coating processes which would obscure a conventionally printed bar-code label.

Abstract: A kind of manually codeable card for card readers composed of an upper and a lower sheet of transparent material glued together, the lower sheet printed with black ink all over except a plurality of transparent circles which can be sticked on to become opaque with black circles from a paper with transposable black circles or round opaque stickers. The coded number of the card is represented by the different combination of transparent and opaque circles.

Abstract: An optical memory card subjected to optical information recording and reproduction, comprising, a card-like card body, an optical recording portion provided on said card body, and a light-transmitting portion formed in said card body for detecting an insertion state of said optical memory card in a card reader and/or writer.

Abstract: A coded card for use in a melody playing apparatus. The coded card has four quadrants, each quadrant having a different melody therein. A synchronization code is encoded down the center of the card between alternates ones of the quadrants. By alternately rotating and turning the card over, each of the four quadrants with different melodies and the synchronization code will appear at a same predetermined quadrant position. Therefore, when playing on the melody playing apparatus, each of the melodies can be decoded thereby.

Abstract: A systen for dialing has a telephone a planar card having a planar handle portion at one end for use as a handle and in carrying identifying indicia and a contiguous, planar code portion at the other end with holes therethrough at locations identifying a sequence of codes to be dialed on a telephone. The location of the holes is at intersections of parallel columns and parallel rows transverse thereto, the columns corresponding to the sequence of the codes and the rows corresponding to all the codes which may be dialed on the telephone in any sequence of the codes. A card-reading device provides signals corresponding to the sequence of the codes to be dialed identified on the card on a signal-carrying line for each row on the card of the codes which may be dialed.

Abstract: Apparatus for accommodating a purchaser at a vendor's check-out station or the like with the check writer being provided with a communication line for validating and clearing checks, along with a register for determining the transaction total. The apparatus and system of the present invention further permits the purchaser/customer to insert a check blank from a personal checking account into the writer, and means are provided for printing appropriate indicia on the check blank, including date, payee, and amount of the check, and further having an opening for enabling the person to execute the already-imprinted check.

Abstract: A lock has means (15,16) for reading from a key (11) a binary encoded number. If the number read from the key is a predetermined number, the lock will store in a memory (19) a further number read from a further key applied immediately after withdrawal of the first key. The device will then recognize the second key, when applied subsequently.

Abstract: An elongated sheet of web material has a longitudinal row of feeding holes in each side edge portion and a plurality of binary codes longitudinally spaced along one side edge portion; and an associated web handling and working machine has sprockets which cooperate with the feeding holes to feed the web, a tool or other instrument for working on the web and a device for reading the codes as the web is fed through the machine. Each code comprises a group of data bits and provides such information as the remaining length of web available to be worked upon, the type of instrument suitable to work on the web, and whether the instrument should be rotated to maintain it tangent to its path of travel over the web.

Abstract: A bar-code label has a combination of a plurality of narrower slots and a plurality of wider slots encoded to represent specific binary data containing information and/or instructions. The slotted bar-code is encoded on a rigid label member, such as a metal sheet. A bar-code encoding device used to encode the slotted bar-code has a pair of punches, one of which is adapted to form the narrower slots and the other of which is adapted to form the wider slots. Both of the punches are operated simultaneously whenever one of the narrower or wider slots is formed. The blank label is fed past one of the punches to form all of the narrower or wider slots before forming the rest of the wider or narrower slots with the other punch. The encoded label thus formed is suitable for use in painting or coating processes which would obscure a conventionally printed bar-code label.

Abstract: An elongated sheet of web material having a longitudinal row of feeding holes in each side edge portion and plurality of binary codes longitudinally spaced along one side edge portion, and a web handling and working machine comprising sprockets which cooperate with said longitudinal rows of feeding holes to feed said web, means for working on said web and means for reading said codes as said web is fed through the machine. Each code comprises a group of data bits and provides such information as the remaining length of web material available to be worked upon, the type of instrument suitable to work on the web, and if a knife blade is suitable, the fact that the instrument should be rotated to maintain it tangent to the line of cut.

Abstract: The installation contains, in the entrance monitoring apparatus (10 and FIG. 2), a magazine (36) with a stock (37) of parking tokens which have been individually marked before insertion into the magazine. The entrance monitoring apparatus furthermore contains a reader (39) which operates in conjunction with an electric central unit (13) in order to store the marking on each parking token issued and the time of issue of the token. The cash register (12) of the installation contains a reader which, when a parking token is inserted, calls up the relevant time of issue and calculates the parking fee from the time difference. After the fee has been paid, the time of issue in the memory is erased, and the time of payment is stored. The exit monitoring apparatus (11) contains a further reader which calls up the time of payment when the parking token is inserted, and opens the exit barrier (16) if the time span between the time of insertion and the time of payment is within a predetermined tolerance time.

Abstract: Containers, e.g. bottle crates, industrial containers, of a common issue (Fxx1), e.g. a manufacturing series, are provided with a specific marking which indicates that they belong together. The mixing up of the various issues (Fxx1 . . . Fyz1 . . . Fzz2) which occurs during the circulation (Z, RZ) can again be reversed in an automatic sorting process, which makes it possible to sort out a desired sub-quantity (Fxx1) and to subject same to a further process stage (Rxx1, Axx1). The marked containers display an optically readable marking (3, 4), from which the information for the automatic sorting out of an issue can be noted.

Abstract: In commercial transactions, settlement is conventionally made by cash or by checks drawn from a current account in a bank. Users of such checking system enjoy the convenience. In the conventional process of check negotiation, however, such system involves a vast amount of complicated procedures including several steps of mechanical processing as well as manual handling. There is also a risk of illicit use if the check book is lost or stolen unless the loss or theft thereof is reported to the bank immediately. Collation of the settled checks returned to the drawer with the record of drawing further complicates the process. This invention method enables to process a drawn check card, and identify a settled check card with an automatic and yet simple operation, thus improving the check card negotiation system.

Abstract: A method of safeguarding against the re-transfer of uniquely recorded information on a data carrier (1) includes the recording of the information data and in addition thereto a simultaneously recording of an additional information on the data carrier (1) which reflects co-ordination characteristics relative to the data carrier. In order to carry out the method an apparatus is provided for recording and/or reading a re-transfer protected information on a data carrier (1) with a recording and/or reading device (4). The apparatus comprises a device (13) for detecting measurable properties (3) which are present at singular points of the data carrier (1) and for producing an additional information characterizing such properties.

Abstract: For producing and evaluating secret identification code marks on data carriers of the kind adapted to be scanned by machines specific parameters are recorded in encoded form. In order to reach a high degree of security in respect of fraud or counterfeit without requiring a complicated and expensive production process the identifying parameter is processed in accordance with an unequivocally reversible mathematical rule. The individual parameter may contain an encoded calculation rule. The processing of an identification number contained in the said parameter takes place in accordance with that rule.

Abstract: A printed substrate has areas printed in a screen of carbon black ink dots and other areas printed in a corresponding screen of infrared transparent ink dots, whereby, the presence of the carbon black ink dots is made visually undetectable but can readily be detected by an infrared emitter and detector.

Abstract: A watchman's tour recording system includes a portable housing containing a data reader for reading and recording data from tour stations and a printer for printing out recorded station data and entry time in alphanumeric form. The printer is located in a locked compartment and is accessible by supervisory personnel for periodic tour entry monitoring. Station keys carry coded identification as a linear array of apertures filled with alternative pellet materials which are transmissive or non-transmissive to infrared light but are visibly indistinguishable. Strobe holes are positioned in a parallel linear array for synchronizing data reading. During assembly, the pellets are mutually distinguishable by split and continuous rings which serve as energy directors during ultrasonic welding of the pellets into the key, and which are hidden from view in the assembled product.

Abstract: Tag reading for Kimball-type price tags, where a reader is fed manually with tags and prices are automatically read into a cash register. According to a preferred embodiment, the tag reader may take either hole-code tags or tags provided with printed points instead of code-holes.

Abstract: A system for generating a unique signal indicative of a particular identity carried by a card. The card has a series of zones along the sides thereof with holes extending through one or more of the zones. A receptacle is provided for the card, the receptacle including a longitudinal internal slot and a series of opto-electronic sensors which are spaced along the slot such that when the card is inserted within the slot, one of the sensors is positioned in registration with each of these zones. The card and the receptacle are formed such that the card can be inserted in the slot in only one proper orientation. One or more of the sensors is employed solely for determining proper insertion of the card.

Abstract: A card-operated parking system utilizes cards having a succession of discrete filtered light transmitting areas thereon. The cards operate a card reader which includes a light source and light sensing means, between which the card is inserted, and a punch which punches out a filter area after it has triggered the time-dispensing mechanism. The filters transmit light having a photon energy below a level characteristic of the filter material but absorb light having a photon energy above that level. Two light sensors are positioned in the light path, one receptive to light of the first mentioned photon energy and the other to light of the second photon energy. Only the outputs corresponding to filtered light trigger the parking time dispensing mechanism. The light source may be a tungsten filament bulb or a pair of light emitting diodes of different photon energies. The light sensing means may be a pair of photodiodes or a pair of phototransistors.

Abstract: A code bar for the identification of series parts, for example vehicle bodies, within an assembly line, with several codings in the form of alternating bright and dark stripes of differing widths, corresponding respectively to the digits 0 through 9, consists of a sheet-metal strip from which the dark stripes of the codings have been punched out as slots. The sheet-metal strip is preferably edged twice, preferably along the narrow sides, in order to form mounting flanges, so that the codings are arranged at a spacing from the series part, and exhibits longitudinal crimps in the proximity of the longitudinal borders.

Abstract: A protective cap for a pressurized gas cylinder includes a ferro-magnetic body having an outer surface which is provided with a linear array of holes arranged to encode cylinder data in binary form. The presence or absence of a hole in each of a plurality of linearly spaced positions indicates one of two logic states. While the presence of a hole in a given position indicates one logic state, the absence of a hole at that position indicates the opposite state. Data is encoded in a repetitive but inverse form in two linear side-by-side rows. The data is read by a dual-head inductive transducer which is moved along the linear array such that each of the heads senses the presence or absence of holes in separate ones of the side-by-side rows to generate two separate trains of electrical pulses which are indicative of the encoded data, with one of the trains of pulses being substantially inverse in form from the other of the trains of pulses.

Abstract: The punch card is designed to provide a readable hole that is offset from, but intersects the window area of the reader. The punch hole plug is preformed by a pair of arcuate cuts held together by tabs at opposite sides. A small pilot hole at the center of the plug receives the narrow shank of a stylus. A shoulder above the stylus shank engages about the pilot hole and pushes the plug into a recess, tearing the two tabs away. The pilot hole is offset from the read window.

Abstract: A new and improved micro card reader includes a unitary molded base member having a planar rectangular slot therein for slidably receiving a punched data card of standard credit card size having a plurality of columns and rows. Along one edge of the base member is a plurality of registering depressions disposed in the outer facing side of the base member which are adapted to receive optical components. The registering depressions also include registering data sensing apertures therethrough, the number and spacing of the apertures correspond to the number and spacing of the data rows in the data card. Adjacent to one face of the base member is a plurality of light sources disposed within the depressions and aligned with the registering apertures therein. Adjacent to the other face of the base member is a plurality of light sensors which are also aligned with the registering apertures of the base member.

Abstract: An instruction set for solving a specific mathematical problem includes a column of sheet material for manual entry of data in appropriate horizontal spaces as designated by the instruction set. The spaces include color indicia corresponding to color indicia appearing on function keys of an electronic calculator. A carrier is provided to receive the sheet material column with the carrier being slidably received within the calculator. The calculator includes an aperture which successively exposes each horizontal space when the carrier is moved relative to the calculator housing. To solve the problem, the user enters the numerals appearing in the space exposed by the aperture by depressing appropriate calculator numeral keys and then depresses the calculator function key corresponding to the color appearing within the aperture. In some instances, the numerical data appearing in selected spaces may be preprinted. In an alternate embodiment, a bracket removably attaches to the calculator housing.

Abstract: A cash replacement system including an encoded plastic card and a card acceptor mechanism is provided by punching a number of specially shaped apertures with predetermined orientations into a card. The acceptor mechanism which receives the card has a sensor pin aligned with each of the punched apertures of the plastic card. The sensor pins have a probe section at one end which is shaped to substantially conform to the shape of the punched apertures of the plastic card so that when they are in alignment with the apertures the probe sections will fit in the apertures as the sensor pins are depressed toward the card. The sensor pin also has a surface area adjacent the probe section which engages the card so that when the probe section extends through the aperture it insures that the aperture is of the correct shape and orientation. The sensor pins are lowered toward the card by a drive mechanism which is linked to a handle or other control device.

Abstract: A laminated hard-to-counterfeit data carrier card with an opaque median plastic layer and transparent outer plastic layers has a plurality of groups of light conductors which extend through the median layer and represent encoded information which can be decoded by inserting the card into the slot of a decoding apparatus wherein a light source directs radiation against one side of the inserted card and a suitable circuit including rhotodiodes decodes the pattern of light rays which issue from the other side of the inserted card. The encoded information can represent sums of money, units of time, the serial number of the card, the identification number of the bearer and/or other data. Each group of light conductors can be destroyed or removed independently of the other groups, especially if each group denotes a unit of currency. The cross-sectional area of each light conductor is less than the square of the thickness of the card.

Abstract: A commodity key for use in connection with radiation sensitive encoding devices provides a unique pattern of radiation identifying the type and/or unit price of a commodity in a computing scale. The key has an elongated body (10) with a code area (20) formed of a frangible plastic material opaque to the radiation used in the encoding device. The code area has a first plurality of insets or blind holes (21) in one side thereof, and a complementary second plurality of insets or blind holes (25) in the opposite side. The sets of insets are individually adjacent and aligned to define potential radiation transmissive openings through the code area, and the insets in one set are somewhat larger than the insets in the other set. The material (27) dividing adjacent insets thus is readily frangible in response to pressure exerted thereon through the smaller of the adjacent insets to form effective radiation transmissive openings, thereby facilitating on-site encoding of a key.

Abstract: A data storage element includes selectively programmable rows of data locations with at least one row including a predetermined detectable pattern of indicia. When scanned by a detector the data storage element provides signals which are stored and analyzed to verify that a data storage element has been read and data reading accuracy checks performed to assure the correct reading of data information programmed on the data storage element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for facilitating the automatic sorting of mail by optical scanning equipment is provided and includes a first, usually dark-colored sheet, and a second sheet of a generally light-colored material overlying the first sheet and having a coded array of apertures therethrough, thereby permitting the first sheet to be read by the optical scanning equipment through the apertures in the second sheet. The array of apertures in the second sheet is coded to represent a desired original address, and a second array of apertures can be provided representing a return address. In such a case, various facilities are provided to cause the first sheet to selectively underlie either the original or return coded arrays of apertures so that the scanning equipment will read the desired address code.

Abstract: Indicia sensor apparatus which provides for a ready, low cost, electrical sensing of an indicia, supported on a readily interchangeable membrane, and provided as a coded pattern of aperture through the membrane. An elastomer electrode element, such as a conductive foam rubber, is pressed against the face of the membrane with sufficient pressure so as to induce a protuberance of some part of the relatively adaptive elastomer through each membrane aperture. This protuberance brings about contactual intercourse with a correspondent receptor electrode for each aperture position. The result is an electrical circuit change which may be utilized in a current seeking path to produce different binary logic values in accord with the coded aperture pattern carried by the membrane.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus may automatically cook according to a cooking program fed from a recording card. The apparatus includes a cooking program feeding mechanism detachably holding the recording card and reading a cooking program from the recording and by moving a detection bar with microswitches along the recording card.

Abstract: A system is described for identifying solid dosage units, such as tablets or capsules, of drugs or other medicaments which may be found beside a patient or which may have been handed in at a hospital. The system comprises a sizing member having a substantially straightsided channel which tapers towards one end to define a V-shaped channel in which a dosage unit can be placed, markings being associated with the channel for indicating a dimension parameter of the unit when so placed. The system also comprises a color region having a plurality of colored areas for indicating a color parameter of the dosage unit, a shape region bearing a series of shape parameters and an information storage and retrieval system which may be in the form of a punched card system or a computer.

Abstract: A card reader capable of accurately reading a data card inserted in any of four possible orientations includes a card with two data tracks, a card reader producing two corresponding data pulse trains, and two differentiation networks for producing two differentiated data pulse trains. The differentiated data pulse trains are combined to form a clock pulse train and, further, are latched to produce two latched data trains. A first selector circuit assigns a first binary code value to the latched data train exhibiting the first appearing pulse and a second selector circuit sets a storage direction flag dependent upon the position of a subsequent data pulse. The latched data train assigned a first binary code value, the clock pulse train, and the storage direction flag are received by a serial to parallel converter which stores least significant digit first or most significant digit first dependent upon the flag.

Abstract: A parameter entry device for electronic instruments that also displays the current user definable system parameters is described. This device allows the user to change those parameters without using conventional rotary switches, internal straps, jumpers, etc.