Abstract: A hydraulic propulsion system is disclosed which includes an input interface configured to receive mechanical power from a power source, a pressure source comprising one or more fixed or variable displacement pumps coupled to the input interface and adaptable to convert mechanical power to hydraulic power and controlling outlet pressure of the pressure source (system pressure), one or more variable displacement motors coupled to the pressure source via a corresponding high-pressure line configured to be mechanically coupled to one or more aerodynamic rotors of an aircraft and comprising a closed loop speed control arrangement in response to a commanded rotor speed, and a controller configured to control the speed of one or more variable displacement motors by providing a control signal for controlling the system pressure.

Abstract: A thermal control system of an electric vehicle is provided. The thermal control system has a composite cooling architecture. The thermal control system is automatically operated in one of three operation modes to adjust a circulation path of a cooling liquid according to the ambient temperature, the power system temperature and the cabinet air temperature. Consequently, the temperature of the power system is stabilized, the performance and the use life of the power system are enhanced, and the power consumption of the air-conditioning system is reduced.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a deviation value calculation unit which calculates a deviation value from the normal boundary of the relationship between a power index associated with the driving power and the measured rotational speed of the fan, a clogging detection unit which detects, based on the deviation value, clogging in an air duct through which the fan takes in air outside the case and sends it to the radiator, and a deviation value correction unit which corrects the deviation value in accordance with aging of performance of the fan to compensate for deterioration of the clogging detection capability of the clogging detection unit caused by the aging.

Abstract: A space heater for heating air includes a duct for transporting air from an inlet to an outlet of the duct; a heating component; and an electrostatic discharge device within the duct for accelerating the gas through the duct from the inlet to the outlet. The electrostatic discharge device may include a high voltage power supply; at least one corona electrode connected to the high voltage power supply; and a collector electrode located proximate the corona electrode and connected to the high voltage power supply so as to induce a motion of the gas in a direction from the corona electrode toward the collector electrode.

Abstract: A burn-in oven is provided with a plurality of spaced, stacked burn-in-boards, each with a plurality of individual circuits being tested under heated conditions, and a plurality of valve trays positioned between two burn-in-boards to form a heat exchange compartment below the valve tray. Each valve tray has a plenum formed above it to provide a separate chamber that is a source of cooling air. Each valve tray has a plurality of valves, one over each of a number openings in the tray. Each opening overlies an integrated circuits or device under test on the burn-in-board below the valve tray. The valves control the flow of air for cooling the integrated circuits. The flow of air through the valves is the only path for cooling airflow to the integrated circuits on the burn-in-boards.

Abstract: An improved electric radiator filled with oil includes a plurality of radiating fins, an electric-control box and a heater. Within the electric-control box, a switch, a temperature controller, a heat protector and a wire are provided. The radiating fin is hollow and sheet-like with at least two grooves therein for leading oil. The upper and lower ends of the fins are provided with hollow connecting-sleeves, oil-inflow holes are formed inside the connecting-sleeves. Each of the radiating fins is communicated with the oil-inflow hole and is filled with oil. Either the upper and the lower ends of each radiating fin are in different vertical planes, or the upper and the lower ends of each radiating fin are in a same vertical plane, but at least a part of the middle of each radiating fin is curved to form a convex configuration towards the side. Each of the radiating fins has the same shape and dimensions.

Abstract: A burn-in oven is provided with a plurality of spaced, stacked burn-in-boards, each with a plurality of individual circuits being tested under heated conditions, and a plurality of valve trays positioned between two burn-in-boards to form a heat exchange compartment below the valve tray. Each valve tray has a plenum formed above it to provide a separate chamber that is a source of cooling air. Each valve tray has a plurality of valves, one over each of a number openings in the tray. Each opening overlies an integrated circuits or device under test on the burn-in-board below the valve tray. The valves control the flow of air for cooling the integrated circuits. The flow of air through the valves is the only path for cooling airflow to the integrated circuits on the burn-in-boards.

Abstract: Decentralized centrifugal pumps (62) with variable speed drivers located at cooling or heating coils (74) are utilized to circulate and regulate liquid through the coils, main supply line (42), and main return line (48). Pump speed is controlled to satisfy temperature or pressure settings of a control agent served by the coil. Central distribution pumps, modulating control valves, and balancing valves are no longer required to circulate and regulate the flow. Without the balancing valves and control valves, there will be less pressure drops and waterpower losses in the piping system. Thus, the decentralized pumping system will require less pump power and energy consumption than the central pumping system.

Abstract: A hot water heat exchanger system for a forced air furnace includes a radiator having a water inlet and a water outlet. A first water conduit is mounted in fluid communication between the water inlet and a hot water outfeed line of a hot water tank. A water pump is mounted on the first water conduit for urging hot water from the tank into the radiator. A second water conduit is mounted in fluid communication between the water outlet and a cold water infeed line into the tank. The radiator is mounted into a plenum of the furnace so that air forced from the furnace into outflow ducting of the furnace by operation of a furnace fan in the furnace flows through the radiator, wherein the fan is actuated by a temperature sensor in the furnace. The pump is thermostatically controlled by a first thermostatic sensor. A furnace heater of the furnace is thermostatically controlled by a second thermostatic sensor.

Abstract: A thermostat three-way control valve equipped with an automatic air vent valve for air conditioning fan-coil unit includes a thermostat three-way control valve located between a chilled water supply branch pipe and a chilled water return pipe of a fan-coil unit, and an automatic air vent valve located above the thermostat three-way control valve. The thermostat three-way control valve includes a driving motor which is located at one side of the thermostat three way control valve. The thermostat three-way control valve may be a three-way valve or a two-way valve. The automatic air vent valve can automatically vent air from the fan-coil unit such that no residual air is trapped in the cooling coil of the fan-coil unit thereby to maintain heat exchange efficiency of the fan-coil unit.

Abstract: A regulating insert for mounting in valves includes a dynamically flow regulating body, with the body having a first housing that is disposed within a second housing. A coil spring is arranged about an axis thereof, and a first end of the coil spring engages a slidable bottom cup provided with at least one inlet opening for liquid in its wall. The opening has an adjustable flow area. The second end of the coil spring opposite the first end engages a partly closed end of the second housing. The partly closed end has a cylindrical opening that provides a seat for a valve cone situated within the second housing. The position of the valve cone is regulated by first means via an activation means.

Abstract: Decentralized centrifugal pumps (62) with variable speed drivers located at cooling or heating coils (74) are utilized to circulate and regulate liquid through the coils, main supply line (42), and main return line (48). Pump speed is controlled to satisfy temperature or pressure settings of a control agent served by the coil. Central distribution pumps, modulating control valves, and balancing valves are no longer required to circulate and regulate the flow. Without the balancing valves and control valves, there will be less pressure drops and waterpower losses in the piping system. Thus, the decentralized pumping system will require less pump power and energy consumption than the central pumping system.

Abstract: A device is described, for the adjustment of the flow rate of a liquid which circulates within thermal convectors or heat exchangers making up part of heating, conditioning or ventilation plants, or apparatus for the thermal treatment of products. The device comprises a body within which a movable shutter is provided, the position of which allows for adjusting the quantity of liquid flowing between at least an inlet duct and an outlet duct, the positioning of the shutter being obtained by way of a suitable actuator.The device comprises a control circuit and an instant flow rate and/or quantity meter of the liquid flowing in one of said ducts, for the automatic and continuous adjustment of the flow, by way of the appropriate positioning of the shutter.

Abstract: A heating apparatus of a re-heat type for an air conditioning system for a vehicle provided with an internal combustion engine. The heating apparatus includes a flow control valve for controlling an amount of an engine hot water directed to a heat exchanger for heating. When the degree of the opening of the flow control valve is 2/8 or less and when the target degree of the opening of the flow control valve is 2/8 or more, a control of the degree of the opening of the flow control valve to the target opening plus a predetermined overshoot amount is initially executed, which is followed by a control to the target opening. When both of the initial and target opening is larger than 2/8 or the initial and target opening are identical, the overshoot control is not carried out, i.e., the degree of the opening of the flow control valve is directly controlled to the target value.

Abstract: A demand radiant heating system includes an elongated radiant heating tube and a burner operatively connected to the tube and a fuel regulator connected to the burner for providing fuel to the burner at a plurality of fuel pressures to provide demand heating.

Abstract: In a vehicle with a liquid cooled engine and a heat exchanger such as an interior heater for the passenger compartment, an isolation device positioned therebetween for normally permitting flow of liquid from the engine cooling system to the heat exchanger and then back to the engine cooling system but for blocking flow to the heat exchanger when the liquid temperature is excessive. The device including a thermally responsive power means responsive to a high liquid temperature to block liquid flow to the heat exchanger and redirect the flow in bypass relation to the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An arrangement for measuring a quantity of heat given off by a heating body to a space and for simultaneously controlling a fluid stream passing through the heating body and serving as a heat carrier for regulating of the space temperature, has a volume stream regulator for allowing a constant fluid stream. An on-off valve is controlled by a signal generator for example a space thermostat via a control valve and switched by the energy of the fluid stream to block or unblock the fluid stream. A temperature sensor cooperating with the heating body and an electronic element determine the quantity of heat by integration of temperature difference values converted into an electrical value during opening times of the on-off valve.

Abstract: An electronic circuit for controlling the heating or air conditioning apparatus in an automobile permits the capability of heating the vehicle without the heat surges which can occur after short periods of ignition turn off and permitting manual on-off control of the heating system even if the thermostat fails. A second circuit for controlling the device activating the valve controls the flow of heating or cooling medium independently of the ignition switch and contains a timer to keep the valve closed for a predetermined time after ignition switch-off. Two limit switches are also present for permitting the valve to be set at an open or closed position independently of both the ignition switch and the timer.

Abstract: The apparatus for controlling a discontinuously flowing material flow and for measuring a value proportional to this material flow and a further physical magnitude serves particularly for measurement of heat quantities, preferably in central heating apparatus. For this it utilizes at least a self-regulating flow valve (16) for allowing flow-through of a constant material stream (2) and an open/closed material through-flow valve (6) connected in series with the flow valve (16) and controlled by a third physical magnitude (T.sub.o). A servo control device is associated with the material through-flow valve (6). In this the material flowing through the through-flow valve (6) serves as a servo control medium. A thermostat (9), a time register, a pH gage, a concentration gage or a level gage serves for control of the servo device.

Abstract: A temperature regulating system for a room comprising a feeler gauge (A) suspended from the ceiling and being capable of sensing the air and the radiation temperatures, the instantaneous values of which control a wireless transmitter built into the feeler gauge to trasmit signals to a regulator (B or C) for the radiators heating the room. The feeler gauge may be easily suspended in a position most advantageous for detecting the temperatures, and causing the least inconvenience to the furnishings in the room.

Abstract: A system for measuring thermal usage of each occupied area in a multiple tenant building equipped with a central hydronic heating and/or cooling system includes a fluid circuit for each area, each circuit being connected in parallel to a central fluid main circuit. Thermostats disposed in each of the areas control flow shut-off valves for each circuit. The shut-off valves are disposed in integrated assemblies with automatic flow regulator devices that maintain constant flow through each circuit when the shut-off valve is open, and fluid temperature sensors. Separate sensors provide the outlet fluid temperature for each fluid circuit. A central digital computer is connected to receive signals from each of the temperature sensors and thermostats and to calculate and record the known rate of flow and the integral of the difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures of each circuit and the rate of flow over the time that the flow control valve for that circuit is open.

Abstract: A demand radiant heating system includes an elongated radiant heating tube and a burner operatively connected to the tube and a fuel regulator connected to the burner for providing fuel to the burner at a plurality of fuel pressures to provide demand heating.