Abstract: A carburetion assembly including flow control means is provided for controlling a discharge spray angle of a fuel and air mixture thereof. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the flow control means can comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced apertures in a shroud member which are effective for providing a control portion of compressor airflow in a downstream, axial direction from a swirler stage of the swirler assembly. The apertures provide a predetermined amount of airflow circumferentially about the fuel and air mixture for constraining the mixture and controlling the discharge spray angle thereof.

Abstract: An atomizer for coating an object with powder includes a spray gun with a central feed passage and an atomizer gas flow passage with an outlet radially outside the feed channel. Both the outlet from the feed channel and the atomizer gas passage outlet are located at a widening atomizer gas outlet. Upstream of the spray gun is a body with a plurality of obliquely inclined, axially extending flow channels in it which impart spiral rotation to the gas-powder mixture entering the feed channel in the spray gun. The housing for the body having the inclined flow channels in it is conically tapered upstream and downstream of that body, and upstream of that body there is an upstream facing conical element for directing flow into the flow channels.

Abstract: A binary atomizing nozzle includes a housing having a liquid insert and a gas insert. The liquid insert has an interior chamber and a liquid inlet and a liquid discharge communicate with the chamber. A spin insert is positioned in the chamber so that liquid flowing from the chamber is given a rotational spin and exits the liquid discharge as a hollow cone. The spin insert is threadedly engaged with the wall of the chamber so that the liquid discharge constantly wets the wall portion of the flaring discharge. The liquid insert has an outer portion spaced from the gas insert and provides an axially extending annular chamber having a gas discharge. The liquid discharge is axially spaced a preselected distance from the gas discharge so that gas exiting the gas discharge flows along the outer portion of the liquid insert according to the Coanda effect and thereby atomizes the liquid exiting the liquid discharge.

Abstract: A powdery coal burner is disclosed, which comprises a burner nozzle having an opening at the end of the burner body, through which a combustion-assisting gaseous medium is injected into a combustion area, means of providing a swirling motion to said combustion-assisting gaseous medium which is injected through said burner nozzle to said combustion area in a swirled state, an injection nozzle having an opening surrounding said burner nozzle opening, through which coal is injected toward said combustion area, and a primary air outlet nozzle having an opening surrounding said opening of said injection nozzle for the powdery coal, through which a primary combustion air is forwardly injected.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus is fitted to the top of an oil burner having a single nozzle for the simultaneous introduction of oil and water by means of compressed air. The apparatus includes a combustion chamber defined by an inner vessel open at both ends with one end being fitted to the burner. An outer vessel is co-axially mounted on the inner vessel with both ends being secured to the corresponding ends of the inner vessel to form a preheating chamber between the inner and outer vessels. The inner vessel is provided with a plurality of holes and a baffle is located within the pre-heating chamber in overlying relation with respect to the holes. Pressurized air is introduced into the heating chamber, around the baffle, and through the holes into the interior of the vessel to compress the flame of the water-oil fuel emulsion forcing it to swirl and remain in the vessel so that the combustion takes place at a temperature between 700.degree. and 1,000.degree. C.

Abstract: A gas fuel injector for a gas turbine engine power plant is arranged to reduce the sensitivity of combustion efficiency to variations in gas fuel velocity injector exit at engine idle. The injector comprises a gas fuel duct which discharges gas fuel into a swirler assembly having passages of decreasing cross-sectional area, the passages also receiving a flow of compressor delivery air from the compressor of the power plant. There is an energy interchange between the gas fuel which may have a velocity of between 80 fps to 1000 fps depending on type of fuel, and the air such that the gas and air leave the injector at similar velocities. It has been found that if these velocities are matched, the combustion efficiency is less sensitive to gas velocity and produces higher combustion efficiencies than an arrangement whereby the velocity of the gas entering the system is dictated by the heat input requirements.

Abstract: A combustion method using an inventive combustion principle in which liquid fuel is atomized by the flow of gas jetted from the flow paths of a nozzle which are formed by flow lines extending to the sink point of dipole in potential motion. Thermodynamic principles are applied to the motion of the gas for the burning of the spirally rotating gas flow which is formed by the mixture of fuel and gas. The combustion efficiency and the heat exchanging efficiency are remarkably improved. The invention also relates to a device for practicing the method.

Abstract: An improved burner for attaining an improved combustion of a fuel-air mixe includes a plurality of vanes extending generally longitudinally of and disposed about an axis of the flow of the air-fuel mixture, each of the vanes having a first and a second end joined by first and second longitudinal edges. The first ends being contiguously arranged to extend along the circumference of a circle coaxial with the axis, the first edges defining a cylindrical surface coaxial with the main axis, and the second edges defining a conical surface coaxial with the axis. The vanes being interconnected at their first ends. The vane structure being confined in a cylindrical structure defining at the one end an annular opening through which compressed air is introduced, with a fuel nozzle being provided at the center of the same end. The nozzle being located at the end of the vane structure where the vanes substantially meet at the center of the structure.

Abstract: Four-stage flame retention head assembly for use in the air pipe of a fuel burner having a fuel nozzle mounted coaxially within the air pipe. This assembly comprises an outwardly diverging flame retention head mounted in the air pipe in front of the fuel nozzle. This head successively defines, starting from its smaller end, an air-and-fuel mixture chamber; a first inwardly open expansion chamber; a throttle section and an outwardly convex section defining a second expansion chamber. A primary air inlet annular plate is mounted transversely at the inlet end of the head and has a central opening circumscribed by a continuous annulus. The latter has a series of air inlet apertures and loovers over the apertures, the latter and the loovers causing swirling of the air as it enters into the mixing chamber. The first and second expansion chambers are provided with circumferentially spaced air apertures to pass air into the retention head to sustain combustion therein as well as to cool the head.

Abstract: A gas and liquid mixing nozzle for an abrasive type slurry is characterized by a central liquid passage and a helical vane disposed about the outlet end of the liquid passage to deflect the liquid outwardly into a generally flat spray pattern. The vane portion of the nozzle is preferably a separate insert formed of abrasion resistant material. An annular orifice is coaxially disposed about the outlet end of the liquid passage to eject an air stream into the liquid spray to mix therewith and form an aerated, high velocity spray. At the outer end of the helical vane is a deflector plug having a generally planar inner surface against which the liquid, issuing from the nozzle passage, impinges. The plug has a substantial axial length approximately the same as the axial dimension of the vane portion of the nozzle, and its outer periphery is inwardly and outwardly tapered toward the outer surface of the plug. This contour provides for a spray pattern of uniform droplet size.

Abstract: In an air assist device of a fuel injection type internal combustion engine, having an air assisted injector provided close to a nozzle thereof with an adapter constituting an assist air introducing portion, in which assist air introduced into the assist air introducing portion through assist air intake ports formed in the peripheral wall of the adapter is blown out of an assist air jet formed at the bottom of the adapter together with fuel so as to facilitate the atomization of fuel, the diameter of each opening of the assist air intake ports is made smaller than the diameter of an opening of the assist air jet, the assist air intake ports are provided in a plural number, so that the total opening area of the assist air intake ports can be made larger than the opening area of the assist air jet, and/or the assist air intake ports are penetrated in directions tangential to the inner wall surface of the adapter.

Abstract: A burner assembly provides for 100% premixing of fuel and air by drawing the air into at least one high velocity stream of fuel without power assist. Specifically, the nozzle assembly for injecting the fuel into a throat comprises a plurality of nozzles in a generally circular array. Preferably, swirl is imparted to the air/fuel mixture by angling the nozzles. The diffuser comprises a conical primary diffuser followed by a cusp diffuser.

Abstract: A Vortex burner is provided in a burner block having a conduit spaced within the burner block passageway to provide an annular space between them. Fuel gas flows through the central portion of the burner, and is tangentially discharged through gas nozzles. Primary air is induced through the portion of the burner surrounding the fuel gas inlet means. Secondary air is induced into the burner through the portion of the burner surrounding the primary inlet means via draft. A deflector member disposed at a suitable angle to the primary air conduit and protruding from the discharge end of said conduit, directs the secondary air along the cup surface and causes it to mix with the partial premixture of primary air and gas. The deflector member aerodynamically directs the primary air and gas premixture along the cup surface. The secondary air flow prevents annular recirculation of hot gases.

Abstract: A right-angle spray-nozzle for a squeeze bottle is in the form of a one-piece body and utilizes only one velocity-increasing orifice, thereby avoiding the undesirably slow venting associated with a squeeze bottle having a high velocity jet of liquid that intersects with a second high velocity jet of air.

Abstract: An improved process for the partial combustion of a liquid or gaseous fuel is disclosed, the process being characterized by the introduction of steam into the combustion reactor through the interior of a burner gun, the steam being introduced as a jet which rotates about its axis and diverges in the form of a cone. Apparatus for carrying out the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A burner assembly in which an inlet is located at one end of an annular passage for receiving fuel, and an outlet is located at the other end of the passage for discharging the fuel. A plurality of blocks are disposed within the annular passage for splitting up the fuel discharging from said outlet so that, upon ignition of said fuel, a plurality of flame patterns are formed. A register assembly is provided which includes an enclosure for receiving air and a divider for directing the air from the enclosure towards the outlet in two parallel paths extending around the burner. Registers are disposed in each of the paths for regulating the quantity of air flowing through the paths.

Abstract: A shower head which provides a pulsating output utilizes a swirl chamber to impart a swirl to the water flow. The use of water driven parts is thereby eliminated.

Abstract: A burner for pulverized coal such as in a rotary kiln includes three concentric cylindrical ducts. The outer duct carries an air supply which is directed in a generally axial direction into the kiln. The next innermost duct carries the pulverized coal-carrier gas mixture and is also generally directed in an axial direction. The next innermost duct carries air which is directed in a divergent radial direction in the kiln and includes a rotational air component. By controlling the quantities of air in the ducts which flank the coal duct, the resulting flame form can be controlled in the kiln without restoring to variations in the velocity or direction of the coal carrier gas stream. By eliminating such variations in regard to the coal carrier gas stream, the abrasive action of the pulverized coal is kept to a minimum.

Abstract: A high efficiency liquid fuel atomizing nozzle for use in conjunction with industrial furnaces is described which employs a pressurized gas such as steam for supplying the atomizing energy. The nozzle typically has a plurality of discharge ports and defines, on its interior, a pressurized fuel compartment and a pressurized steam chamber. A core stream of steam is flowed from the steam chamber along an axis obliquely inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle to each port. Liquid fuel from the fuel compartment is flowed towards each core stream and divided substantially equally into a number of fuel branch flows which equals the number of core streams. Each branch flow is then brought generally tangentially into contact with the associated core stream so as to form a substantially homogenous, annular fuel stream which surrounds the core stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reactor for gasifying coal including a vortex burner. Helical ribs are arranged in the inner combustion gas supplying conduit of the burner to impart a spiral trajectory to the gas and also the coal-water suspension which suspension is supplied in the annular space between the inner conduit and an outer concentric conduit. Means are provided for adjustably supporting the ribs inside the inner conduit. In addition, other rib supporting arrangements and also burner structure for supplying the coal-water slurry centrally are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention comprises an atomizing spray nozzle containing multiple restrictions to the flow of an air and water mixture through the nozzle created by contours in the stem in relation to the orifice and having a whirl chamber in the nozzle body where injected air induces disturbances in the liquid to create effective atomization prior to the first restriction which creates a negative pressure beyond the restriction and which is repeated at additional restrictions thus resulting in a repeated depressurization and sudden expansion to obtain a finely atomized mixture before reaching the orifice, with a final restriction at an outlet that may take the form for a flat spray or one for a narrow round spray.

Abstract: A method for forming a turbulent suspension from a pulverous material and reaction gas by causing the pulverous material to flow downwards as an annular flow into the reaction chamber and by directing the reaction gas downwards inside the annular flow of the pulverous material, in which the suspension is produced by bringing the reaction gas into a high-force rotary motion and by then causing it, throttled, to discharge into the reaction chamber so that in the reaction chamber it meets on its outside a substantially vertically downward annular flow of the pulverous material, this flow being formed by utilizing the kinetic energy of the falling pulverous material on a convergent conical glide surface.

Abstract: This invention pertains to machines for freezing and dispensing a confectionery product, particularly soft ice cream and milk shakes. The invention is particularly addressed to an improved mix over-run control for controlling the flow of air and liquid product into the freezing chamber by directing the incoming fluid mix from a reservoir into a vortex chamber which causes the fluid mix to flow down the side walls of a communicating line with an open air passage in the center therefor for assuring the proper over-run or percentage of air in the resultant confectionery product.

Abstract: A burner head for a fuel-oxygen burner includes a first chamber connected at one end with the oxygen intake and at the other end with a second chamber by means of a nozzle and includes a pipe located in the fuel intake and opening into the first chamber.

Abstract: A dual fuel injector has a body in which first, second and, optionally, third flow passages are provided. The first passage feeds liquid fuel to a first ring of outlet orifices which discharge into the second passage. The second passage leads to a second ring of outlet orifices which are aligned with orifices in the first ring and which are of greater cross-sectional area than the latter. The orifices of both rings lie on axes which are disposed at an acute angle (e.g. 45.degree.) to the longitudinal axis of the body so that a conical discharge of fuel and air is obtained in use. The second passage is an air passage when liquid fuel is being injected and may be an air passage or a gaseous fuel passage when the optional third passage is employed and the injector is in its gaseous fuel injection mode.

Abstract: An improved coal/air dispersion nozzle introduces fuel into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine as a finely atomized, dispersed spray for a uniform combustion. The nozzle has an inlet that receives finely powdered coal from a coal transport or coal/air fluidizer system and a scroll swirl generator is included within the nozzle to swirl a fluidized coal/air mixture supplied to the inlet of the nozzle. The scroll is in the form of a thin, flat metal sheet insert, twisted along its length, and configured to prevent build-up of coal particles within the nozzle prior to ejection from its outlet. Airblast air jets are included along the length of the nozzle body to assist in the discharge of the fluidized coal from the nozzle outlet and an angular pintle tip overlies the outlet to redirect coal/air mixture through a desired fluidized coal spray angle.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is provided for cooking or gelatinizng a material in an atomized state, so that there is obtained an easily dryable, uniform and finely-sized product. The material which is to be cooked is injected through an atomization aperture in a nozzle assembly to form a relatively finely-sized spray. A heating medium is also injected through an aperture in the nozzle assembly into the spray of atomized material so as to heat the material to a temperature effective to cook or gelatinize the material. An enclosed chamber surrounds the atomization and heating medium injection apertures, and defines a vent aperture positioned to enable the heated spray of material to exit the chamber. The arrangement is such that the elapsed time between passage of the spray of material through the chamber, i.e., from the atomization aperture and through the vent aperture, defines the cooking or gelatinization time of the material.

Abstract: A low pressure burner capable of generating a relatively long narrow flame is disclosed. A rotationally symmetric chamber is open at each end. Air is forced through the chamber at low pressure, generally no greater than about 0.3 lbs. per square inch above ambient. An atomizer is located in the chamber and expels a combustible mixture out through the downstream end of the chamber. The mixture expelled by the atomizer of the present invention has a distribution which is not rotationally symmetric about the chamber axis. The atomizer utilizes low pressure air provided at no greater than about 4.5 lbs. per square inch above ambient. A flame throat is located at the downstream end of the chamber, and includes at least two axially spaced steps to induce and control eddy formation in the mixture. The nonsymmetric mixture distribution and the multistep chamber combine to provide a long, narrow, stable flame in the throat at relatively low inlet air pressures.

Abstract: A liquid atomizing and spraying device which can be operated with a relatively low air pressure. The spraying device has three coaxial tubular passages; an inner one for air, an intermediate one for liquid, and an outer one for air; which are shaped to have the liquid ejected as a thin film having a divergently conical shape which is caused to vibrate by the air which is being ejected in a vortex flow for generating cusps on the film in an electrostatic field for being finely atomized and projected.

Abstract: A burner for liquid fuels such as light, medium and heavy oil, in which a fuel supply pipe is concentrically located in an air supply pipe and partially enclosed by a sleeve carrying air. A spray diffuser and a twist-producing member encloses the fuel supply pipe upstream of the spray diffuser. The twist-producing member has a fixed blower wheel and receives combustion air from the periphery thereof. The combustion air quantity is regulatable upstream of the burner head as a function of the prevailing fuel flow. A space located between the twist-producing member and the air supply pipe, holds two additional air supply pipes. One of these additional air supply pipes, an innermost pipe, has an end cone directed towards the outside. Coaxially downstream from the twist-producing member enclosing the fuel supply pipe, there are two additional twist-producing members with opposite twist direction enclosing each other.

Abstract: A low pressure fuel tube delivers fuel to a fuel injector disposed in the central position of the carburetor dome where it is conducted along a plurality of radially extending passages to the periphery of the injector. A high pressure air supply is provided directly to the peripheral fuel flow, in a substantially radial direction, by a disc surrounding the nozzle and having a plurality of radially extending passageways formed therein. A portion of the fuel is blasted directly onto a surrounding venturi surface where it is swirled in a given direction and then exits the downstream end of the venturi where it interacts with a counterrotating pattern of air from the secondary swirler flow to be atomized into a mist. Another portion of the air-blasted fuel from the venturi flows in the axial direction to also enter the combustor as a finely atomized fuel/air mixture.

Abstract: An atomizing device for mixing or atomizing fluids without moving parts and comprising, in combination, a hollow tube which has a substantially cylindrical inner wall and a core member situated within the tube in substantial coaxial relationship with and spaced from the inner wall. The surface of the core member includes at least one non-intersecting helical channel which extends substantially continuously for the length of the channel. Also, channel-forming means is provided about the core member in close proximity with the surface thereof and with the inner wall of the tube, which comprises at least one layer of at least one non-intersecting helical winding. Each winding in any single layer is in the opposite direction to each winding in the next or adjacent layer and each winding in the layer nearest the core is in the opposite direction to the helical channel formed in the core member.

Abstract: A mist generator for producing mists having fine particle sizes which includes a jet for aspirating a liquid such as water, oil, paints, liquid suspensions and the like, a series of chambers through which said mist is successively passed and deflecting the flow of said mist by baffles, auxiliary gas jets and the like to remove the larger mist particles.

Abstract: In a fluent fuel burner using a flame anchor plate, secondary air from a plenum leaves the plenum through a restricted passage so that the secondary air is at high velocity and correspondingly low pressure and this low pressure is used to suck the flame to the rim of the anchor plate. Two dual fuel burners are described in which a gaseous fuel introduction means has an enlarged end portion which extends from within the air plenum into a combustion space, the said portion having slots in it to allow primary air to enter the said portion to serve as primary air for combustion, and which has associated with it a flame anchor plate. The plenum has a wall on the combustion side with a hole in it. In one embodiment, the anchor plate overlies the rim of the hole so that a narrow annular passage defined between the plate and the wall directs the secondary air in a radial blast.

Abstract: A fuel gas burner adapted for mounting in a heat treating furnace and for generating a relatively large expanse of radiant energy toward an object to be heated or heat treated. The burner has a housing with separate inlets for fuel gas and air and an air plenum with a forwardly facing throat. Surrounding the plenum throat is a combustion block formed of refractory material shaped to define a forwardly-facing frusto-conical heat radiating surface. A central fuel gas supply tube coaxial with the plenum throat has a nozzle element and a cooperating distributor mounted on its forward end to define with the plenum throat an annular air passage and a fuel gas chamber communicating with the supply tube. The nozzle element has radially extending circumferential vanes that define with the plenum throat, swirl producing slots adapted to receive air from the plenum chamber through the annular passage and fuel gas through ports communicating with the fuel gas chamber.

Abstract: A flare stack gas burner for waste combustible gas from oil refineries, chemical plants, oil production rigs, LPG and other marketing terminals, pipe lines and the like is disclosed which includes a stack providing a combustible gas delivery pipe with a plurality of outwardly extending hollow vanes at the top with fixed inclined nozzles along the tops of the vanes for discharge of the combustible gas in a plurality of flat inclined streams at an inclination of the order of 45.degree. from the horizontal in a hollow frustoconical vortex combustion path, the inclined streams inducing air on each face and into the vortex path and around the exterior for completing combustion. The effective contact of the air and mixing of the air with the combustible gas and burning gas provides smokeless combustion. A vent seal is provided to prevent entry of air into the stack.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel mixture burner which includes a mixer device into which gas is injected so as to provide a gaseous vortex formation within the mixer, air being drawn into the device and mixed with the gas by the low pressure region created within the vortex.

Abstract: The flame length in axial direction of a tubular carbon black reactor is made adjustable by providing a means to adjust the pivot angle between the direction of the longitudinal axis and the axis of a fuel gas or fuel oil discharge nozzle of a burner.

Abstract: An air vortex chamber is provided downstream of the valve seat portion of a fuel injection valve body such that the fuel injecting from the valve seat portion collides with the inner wall of the vortex chamber in a plane coincident with a plurality of tangential air passages which introduce air into the vortex chamber and create the vortex action.

Abstract: A flare stack gas burner for waste combustible gas from oil refineries, chemical plants, oil production rigs, LPG and other marketing terminals, pipe lines and the like is disclosed which includes a stack with a centrally disposed combustible gas delivery pipe having a divider at the top with arms for upward delivery of the combustible waste gas through a plurality of radial slots to a mixing space, air under pressure being supplied to the stack and between the arms to the mixing space, a rotary diffuser being provided above the mixing space for directing the combustible gas-air mixture for combustion thereabove in a cylindrical or flaring frusto-conical vortex for smokeless combustion. Suitable gas pilots and igniters are employed. An optional flaring frusto-conical shield may be provided for a portion of the burning vortex where required.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus for gas turbine engines employs a combustion liner structure adapted to promote complete combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel and minimize undesired combustion products. Compressed primary air flows radially inward with swirl into a prechamber into which fuel is sprayed. Except during start-up, the air is heated. Normally, the air mixes with and evaporates the fuel and the mixture flows through a throat into a reaction chamber. The upstream end of the reaction chamber is bounded by a conical annular wall. The liner wall downstream of the throat defines the reaction zone to which additional primary air is fed and a dilution zone to which secondary air is admitted. The area of the primary air entrance is variable to maintain a lean fuel-air ratio in the reaction zone throughout the operating regime.

Abstract: The projecting nozzle for powder coating is a device for dispersing finely divided powder paint particles in a pattern controlled by swirling air without accumulating unwanted powder particles. A hollow nozzle is located concentrically to a guide member forming a gap through which the powder is projected. Orifices and, or slits located in the guide member direct compressed air in a swirling motion. A porous plate, forming the front of the guide member allows air to pass therethrough and thereby prevents the accumulation of powder particles.

Abstract: A foam generating nozzle is made either as an attachment to an existing liquid spray nozzle unit or as a pre-manufactured assembly and includes a foam-generating section having a pressure-reducing passageway including a preferably sharply outwardly tapering portion leading to a venturi-forming throat portion, and adapted to receive the liquid stream issuing from an inlet orifice. Air inlet ports are provided communicating with the pressure-reducing passageway, through which ports air is drawn by the reduced pressure caused by the pressure-reducing passageway. Optimum foaming action is achieved by adjusting the point of the pressure-reducing passageway struck by the stream which is most advantageously achieved by adjusting the angle of the stream issuing from the orifice so the widest portion thereof strikes the end section of the tapering portion of the passageway.