Abstract: Foam forming liquid components and inert gas are directed by a gun in separate and discrete streams toward a common focal point just forward of the gun nozzle to effect mixing of the liquid components as the foaming plastic mass is directed into a container provided to receive and contain the foam product. Mixing of the liquid components within the gun which controls the flow is entirely avoided whereby the difficult problem of cleaning out reacted plastic material is entirely avoided even after long periods of non-use. In one technique, air is continuously mixed with each liquid component stream within the gun to provide frothy mixtures of liquid and air at the point of mixing of the reacting streams. A flexible extension of the nozzle may be used, if desired, to conduct the component liquids and air to a location some distance forwardly of the gun. Provision is made for air-purging the liquid component channels within the gun nozzle.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for conveying friable lightweight particulate matter without destruction or excessive powdering is disclosed. A jet suction nozzle permits a gradual transition of pressure in the critical zone in which the material is acted upon by the jets. This is accomplished by a low jet duct angle and by the use of greater than usual quantities of air at lower than the usual pressures.

Abstract: An oil burner atomizer and method for light and heavy fuel oils where the oil is spread circumferentially of a number of oil delivery bores and two heavy oil flows are formed for each delivery bore. The oil flows are atomized in low-pressure primary air. The atomizer includes an annular low-pressure oil ligament formation zone upstream of the initial atomizing air flow.

Abstract: The method consists in that the liquid or solid particles being dispersed are brought in contact with a gas stream, which then conveys said particles till their collision with an obstacle, whereas said gas stream is subjected to symmetrical compression with gas streams whose discharge velocity 1.2 to 20 times that of the gas stream that conveys liquid or solid particles, and said symmetrical gas streams are so directed as to provide their homocentric convergence at an angle of from 30.degree. to 90.degree. on the obstacle.The method enables production of liquid and solid aerosols with a degree of dispersity below 1 .mu.m within a narrow range of particle sizes.

Abstract: A burner according to the invention comprises concentrical shells defining annular passages: a peripheral passage for a low-calorie gas; an intermediate passage for secondary gas having auxiliary shells defining an annular passage for a high-calorie gas and a central passage for an air mixture. The circle of an average diameter of said annular passage for a high-calorie gas defines in the outlet section a central zone which amounts to between 0.38 and 0.5 of the total area of the outlet section of the burner, and the outer shells of the peripheral passage and intermediate passage are provided with converging nozzles of equal minimum diameters.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly for use with a cold drink machine for selectively delivering a plurality of drinks each having a beverage principal component and a beverage flavoring component to a cup positioned at a delivery location accessible to a customer in which a unitary body of molded synthetic resin is formed with a base having an upwardly extending centrally located guide provided with a bore for receiving a beverage principal component delivery fitting having a discharge flow axis and with a wall extending upwardly around the guide from said base to a rim and with the inner surface inclined inwardly from the rim to the base. A plurality of grooves spaced around said guide and extending along said inner wall surface into holes in said base are adapted to receive and position respective flavoring nozzles with the flow axes thereof intersecting said fitting flow axis at a predetermined point.

Abstract: A snow making nozzle in which streams of water impinge on each other to atomize the water and to direct the water out of the nozzle with the assistance of compressed air to spray the atomized water into the atmosphere to make snow is disclosed. The nozzle uses opposed groups of water outlet ports carried in nozzle plates. These water outlet ports are angled toward the outlet of the nozzle and are located at the venturi of a converging-diverging nozzle with each water outlet port in the upper plate being directly opposite from a corresponding water outlet port in the lower plate so that the water streams from cooperating ports directly contact each other. Impingement of these streams with each other provides superior water atomization which takes place without contacting the body of the nozzle. The inclination of the water outlet ports increases the operating efficiency of the snow making nozzle and allows more snow production per unit of energy than prior art devices.

Abstract: Torch apparatus for cutting, heating or welding that includes torch head having a torch bore; a torch tip assembly having a tip member that includes a stem portion extending between the head bore with its cutting oxygen passageway opening to the head cutting oxygen passageway and a front member portion joined to the stem portion to extend away from the head, and a barrel retained on the stem portion by a nut in abutting relationship with the front member portion, said barrel having preheat oxygen and fuel gas bores opening into barrel grooves which in cooperation with the stem portion provide passages to mix the preheat oxygen and fuel gas and conduct the mixture to an annular clearance space that in turn opens to the front member mixed gas passageways; a collar on the tip member and a nut threaded on the head to abut against the collar and thereby hold the tip assembly in an assembled relationship to the torch head.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a gas-torch construction wherein independent flows of combustible gases are maintained up to the point of mixing within the nozzle of the torch, virtually at the location of discharge from the nozzle. The nozzle is removably connected to an elongate intermediate or adapter member, and the latter is removably connected to the torch body. The separate flows of the gases are maintained independent of each other, from the torch body, through the adapter member, and into the upstream end of the mixing nozzle. Individual radially spaced manifolds at the adapter-to-nozzle connection assure independence of the gas flows and a non-critical angular relation when the nozzle is replaced. The invention is described in application to a powder-spraying gas torch, as for torch deposition of metal coatings.

Abstract: A nozzle is disclosed which is capable of simultaneously operating with two different liquid fuels, a first fuel being difficult, and a second fuel being relatively easy to ignite. The nozzle has concentric first, second and third conduits through which the first fuel, atomizing steam and the second fuel flow towards a nozzle cap. The steam is divided into two streams one of which is used to atomized the first fuel outside and downstream of the nozzle end while the second stream is used to atomized the second fuel inside the nozzle. The nozzle cap has openings for discharging the atomized second fuel in surrounding relationship to the first fuel to thereby generate a tubular frame with the second fuel that radiates heat inwardly, thereby facilitating the vaporization of the first fuel and its subsequent combustion.

Abstract: A nozzle for depositing a layer of solid material on a heated substrate, in particular by chemical vapor deposition, comprises three supply chambers for gas, which chambers communicate with three prismatic spaces which converge towards an outlet slot divided into three by two longitudinal strips which are tensioned at both ends and are applied against support surfaces which provide the strips with their respective inclinations centered on the truncated apex of a prismatic cavity which is divided by the strips to form the prismatic spaces. This arrangement enables a uniform spacing of the outlet slots of the spaces to be maintained whatever the length of the nozzle.

Abstract: A high efficiency liquid fuel atomizing nozzle for use in conjunction with industrial furnaces is described which employs a pressurized gas such as steam for supplying the atomizing energy. The nozzle typically has a plurality of discharge ports and defines, on its interior, a pressurized fuel compartment and a pressurized steam chamber. A core stream of steam is flowed from the steam chamber along an axis obliquely inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle to each port. Liquid fuel from the fuel compartment is flowed towards each core stream and divided substantially equally into a number of fuel branch flows which equals the number of core streams. Each branch flow is then brought generally tangentially into contact with the associated core stream so as to form a substantially homogenous, annular fuel stream which surrounds the core stream.

Abstract: By means of the nozzle, three gaseous curtains are formed converging on the surface of the substrate heated to a temperature of about 600.degree. C. which is driven in translatory movement, the intermediate curtain being constituted by a gaseous reactant or a reactant diluted in a carrier gas and the two lateral curtains being constituted by another naturally gaseous reactant or reactant diluted in a gas. The gaseous products of the reaction issuing from the nozzle are compelled to flow above a predetermined region of the substrate and these products are evacuated by suction by means of channels disposed at the extremities of this region of the substrate and a pump to which the channels are connected.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved nozzle mixing line burner for automatically increasing available oxygen for combustion as the fuel gas flow rate increases. This improved nozzle mixing line burner includes a pair of fuel gas manifolds, each of which has a row of gas discharge ports discharging laterally and toward the opposite manifold to provide streams of fuel gas. An orifice plate extends between the fuel gas manifolds and includes a plurality of rows of air orifices extending along the line of the burner, with the air orifices closest to the gas manifolds being relatively smaller in size and the more internally disposed rows of air orifices increasing in orifice size toward the middle of the orifice plate, to increase the available air supply proportionately as the velocity of the fuel gas flow increases.

Abstract: This invention provides a burner head that may be used for the discharge of a mixture of steam and oil. Steam bores 10 penetrate the head from one end to the other. Oil ducts 11 lead to each bore 10 from one end of the head. One or more further ducts 13 lead from the rear end of the head to a chamber 2,20 formed at the front end of the head and additional oil ducts 12 lead back from the chamber to discharge one into each of the bores 10. The two ducts 11 and 12 that discharge into any bore are directed towards each other.

Abstract: A method of atomization control and related gas atomizing nozzles are described which enable variation of the degree of atomization, the liquid and gas flow rates and the atmospheric spray dilution. Varying the thickness of flowing liquid and adjacent atomizing gas sheets varies spray droplet size and atmospheric spray dilution. Transverse sheet size is varied to change nozzle capacity. Annular and linear sheet forming nozzles are described. Nozzles are also described with flexible divider walls whereby thickness of the flowing sheets may be varied by altering relative flow pressures.

Abstract: A spray head suitable for spraying thickened colliery tailings onto a fluidized combustion bed includes a central aperture for the egress of gas directed towards and surrounded by an annular orifice for the discharge of the material to be sprayed. As the material issues forth in use from the orifice a gas flow from the central aperture impinges upon it to generate the spray the characteristics of which may be varied by altering the size and/or location of the central aperture. An annular aperture located around the orifice provides for the discharge of a gas in the form of a curtain which protects the head from excessive heat which might otherwise cause agglomeration of material on the head.

Abstract: An atomizing unit comprises a plurality of nozzle-members, each of which is capable of producing a compressed air flow entraining a number of minute liquid-particles. The nozzle-members are mounted on the unit in a manner such that respective tube-like flows of two-phase discharged from the respective nozzle-members further violently collide among them at a point forwardly spaced by a predetermined distance from a leading head of the unit. By the arrangement mentioned above, minute liquid-particles entrained by the respective tube-like flows are further split into a still large number of much finer liquid-particles and then further forwardly dispersed as a stream of mist by a secondary flow produced at the point mentioned above.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the combustion of liquid fuel provides an extremely intense blue/violet flame having a temperature in excess of 3000.degree. F. with combustion under near perfect stoichiometric conditions without the formation of soot. The liquid fuel is atomized and mixed with air within a nozzle and enters a flame tube surrounding the nozzle as a conical stream where it is further atomized by jets of air directed to converge on the stream and mixed with secondary combustion air to obtain the desired combustion mixture. Yet further atomization of the liquid fuel-air mixtures within the flame tube can be obtained as a consequence of at least partial vaporization of the liquid fuel therein through the heat of the flame tube. An advantageous relationship exists between the size, angle and point of convergence of the air jets with the atomized conical stream, the flame tube diameter and length and the location of the nozzle therein and the fuel feed.

Abstract: Foam forming liquid components and inert gas are directed by a gun in separate and discrete streams toward a common focal point just forward of the gun nozzle to effect mixing of the liquid components in space as the foaming plastic mass is directed into a container provided to receive and contain the foam product. Mixing of the liquid components within the gun which controls the flow is entirely avoided whereby the difficult problem of cleaning out reacted plastic material is entirely avoided even after long periods of non-use. In one technique, air is continuously mixed with each liquid component stream within the gun to provide frothy mixtures of liquid and air at the point of mixing of the reacting streams. A flexible extension of the nozzle may be used, if desired, to conduct the component liquids and air to a location some distance forwardly of the gun. Provision is made for air-purging the liquid component channels within the gun nozzle.

Abstract: A liquid atomizing and spraying device which can be operated with a relatively low air pressure. The spraying device has three coaxial tubular passages; an inner one for air, an intermediate one for liquid, and an outer one for air; which are shaped to have the liquid ejected as a thin film having a divergently conical shape which is caused to vibrate by the air which is being ejected in a vortex flow for generating cusps on the film in an electrostatic field for being finely atomized and projected.

Abstract: An elongated burner, which produces a stream of metal oxide soot, comprises three adjacent housings. A centrally disposed housing contains a linear array of orifices for issuing a gas-oxygen mixture to produce a linear flame. Disposed on opposite sides of the central housing are two housings having orifices for issuing into the flame two linear streams of metal halide vapor. Gaps between the central and outer housings permit air to be aspired for stabilizing the flame. Additional flame stabilization may be achieved by providing a shield along the entire perimeter of the halide vapor streams to prevent the random aspiration of air into the sides of the flame.

Abstract: A spray nozzle which is non-plugging and selfcleaning. The nozzle has a central main conduit with an externally mounted water discharge assembly encircling it at its front opened end. A mixture of air and a sealant is forced through the main conduit until it is expelled from the conduit's inwardly tapered front opened discharge end. The water discharge assembly, in the preferred embodiment, has two spaced concentric rings joined together. The rearmost ring serves to mount the assembly to the main conduit and to support a second ring having an internal hollow water conduit section. Near the discharge front end, the front ring is attached to the rear ring by several supporting mounts. The front or outer ring has a plurality of water discharge jets or openings which encircle the front of the main conduit and are fed through their internal hollow section by a water conduit.

Abstract: A nozzle suitable for mixing atomized first and second components of a resin exterior to the nozzle and combining the atomized and combined resinous components with a base material such as a fibrous or granular insulation material. The nozzle comprises a front plate and a back plate, the back plate individually receiving under pressure the first component and second component of the resin, a base material and an air supply. The front and back plates are secured in registry to each other so that central passageways in the front and back plates communicate the base material through the nozzle to be exhausted onto a surface. The air supply is communicated through the back plate to a continuous channel on the surface of the back plate in registry with the front plate and the first and second components of the resin are transmitted through the back plate by means of single passageways on either side of the continuous air channel.

Abstract: A method of operating a metal-cutting burner in which the cutting oxygen is supplied through a central passage to a cutting nozzle and is enveloped in an oxygen curtain which is controlled so that the flow rate of oxygen to the curtain corresponds to 5 to 25% of the oxygen supply rate to the cutting-jet passage.

Abstract: A round or annular jet nozzle for the production and discharge of a mist or aerosol for coating objects, including a nozzle cap forming the axial front end of the nozzle, a nozzle body mounting the cap, which nozzle body has two channels for feeding of flowable coating material such as lacquer or paint powder, and respectively, for feeding of an atomization gas standing under pressure such as pressurized air, the two channels extending at least partly parallel to the nozzle axis, an annular-shaped atomization chamber into which the two feed channels exit approximately parallel, and with a conical annular gap for the exit of the mist and aerosol, respectively, the annular gap diverging forwardly with respect to the nozzle axis, the annular gap standing in connection with the atomization chamber.

Abstract: A burner for combusting hydrocarbon fluids which may contain additional components as additives or contaminants and in the form of a gas, liquid or particulate matter, e.g. waste oil wherein the oil is atomized in a nozzle disposed in a housing defining a combustion chamber for receiving an oxidizing fluid, e.g. oxygen, so that atomized oil is mixed with the oxidizing fluid for combustion. Control of the length to diameter (L/D) ratio of the combustion chamber results in lower operating noise levels for the burner during combustion.

Abstract: The oxygen-fuel cutting torch has a head to one face of which three gas supply conduits communicating with three longitudinal ducts are connected and to the other face of which by means of a nut an outer tip is connected. An inner tip is disposed coaxially with a second duct and the outer tip. The inner tip defines with the wall of said second duct an annular chamber communicating with the second duct and a longitudinal annular metering passageway which communicates with said annular chamber and an annular channel between the tips. Between the faces of the head and the outer tip, there are provided an annular seal and a transverse annular metering passageway communicating with said annular channel between the tips and with a second annular chamber which is connected to the third longitudinal duct in the head. The present oxygen-fuel cutting torch is simpler in construction than known similar cutting torches.

Abstract: An elongated burner for producing a stream of metal oxide soot comprises a burner face having two parallel arrays of orifices for issuing a gas-oxygen mixture to produce two intersecting linear flames. Disposed between the gas-oxygen orifices is an array of orifices for issuing metal halide vapor into the flame. Two parallel arrays of orifices, one on each side of the vapor orifices and closely spaced therewith provide high velocity jets of inner shield gas on opposite sides of the vapor streams. Disposed between the inner shield gas orifices and the gas-oxygen orifices are two elongated slots which are much greater in width than the diameters of the aforementioned orifices. These slots provide a large volume, low pressure dry, nonreactive gas which prevents the flame from "backsplashing" onto the region of the vapor orifices and further prevents the deposition of soot on the burner face.

Abstract: A multi-flame fuel burner comprises a plurality of air-atomizing fuel nozzles and sources of pressurized gas and liquid and gaseous fuels associated with each nozzle. A flame spreader is employed in combination with each air-atomizing nozzle to stabilize and shape the flame. The number of nozzles and associated flame spreaders are set to provide the desired burn rate.

Abstract: A method of decomposing ammonia fumes which have a high hydrogen sulfide content, in particular, deacidizer fumes from an NH.sub.3 -H.sub.2 S closed-circuit scrubber of coke oven gases, in which the washed-out NH.sub.3 is enriched. The inventive method comprises burning a heating fuel with an amount of oxygen to generate combustion gases having a low oxygen content, heating the deacidizer fumes by direct contact with the combustion gases in order to form a hot mixture of the gases and deacidizer fumes and subsequently directing the hot mixture through a decomposition zone. A burner for decomposing the ammonia fumes comprises a cylindrical housing which has a closed end wall and an opposite opened end. A tube sheet is situated in the housing spaced from the closed end to define a combustion air chamber therein into which combustion air is fed for passage through a plurality of tubes which extend through the tube sheet and terminate in combustion air discharges at their opposite ends.

Abstract: A process for the simultaneous utilization of low expanded foam and medium expanded foam produced by respective generators thereof, for the extinction of fires, from liquefied gas comprising transporting the medium expanded foam by the faster traveling low expanded foam in order to provide a high velocity of flow of the medium expanded foam. The low expanded foam is produced by a plurality of generators disposed beneath a single generator of medium expanded foam and inclined with respect thereto to direct the jets of low expanded foam into the lower part of the jet of medium expanded foam.

Abstract: Apparatus for burning a product gas having a low BTU content wherein a single burner is adapted to burn the low energy gas alone with the turndown capability of a multi-burner arrangement. The gas flow is separated into two independent flow streams with one flow stream being exhausted into a primary air stream and the other into a secondary air stream prior to combustion. A common control means responsive to changes in load is provided to modulate the secondary air stream and its associated gas stream whereby at decreasing loads proportionately increased amounts of air and gas are directed through the primary air and gas streams.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing a cement slurry with a glass fiber in order to produce a glass fiber reinforced cement, including a spray gun, apparatus for cutting the glass fiber and apparatus for feeding the cut fibers to the spray gun. The spray gun comprises a glass fiber supply passage, a cement slurry supply passage, an air introduction passage, a plurality of air introduction holes communicated with the air introduction passage for injecting compressed air into the cement slurry supply passage and a closing element having at least two injection holes communicated with the cement slurry supply passage. The cement slurry is injected together with the compressed air through the injection holes and is mixed with the cut glass fibers discharged from a discharge opening of the fiber supply passage.

Abstract: Off-gases and liquid residues containing chlorinated hydrocarbons, are subjected to joint combustion by forming a mist comprising a mixture of off-gases and atomized liquid residues, the latter being atomized by means of air and/or steam, and directing this mist into a preheated combustion chamber lined with refractory bricks. The mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber jointly with combustion air through a burner having four feed pipes arranged coaxially with respect to each other and terminating in conically tapered outlets, the three outer feed pipes defining three separate and coaxial annular zones around the innermost feed pipe. The liquid residue fed in and burnt is used in a quantity sufficient to maintain in the combustion chamber a predetermined maximum temperature which is not above the range 1200.degree. to 1800.degree. C., and which is compatible with the refractory properties of the brick lining of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The specification describes a nozzle for welding, heating, cutting and/or flame cleaning, comprising a cutting oxygen duct with an internal mixing device, arranged in the nozzle head, for heating gas and heating oxygen. There are also metering channels, possibly arranged around the centrally placed oxygen duct, for heating gas and heating oxygen. The heating oxygen metering ducts and the heating gas metering ducts open separately into a mixing chamber. From the mixing chamber an annular heating mixture duct leads to the gas outlet nozzle shank end.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for gas turbines in which atomization of the liquid fuel is accomplished by high-velocity air entering the combustion chamber, characterized by minimizing the surface area of metal in contact with the fuel during the atomization process and further characterized by designing the air passages such that a swirling motion is imparted to the air followed by an acceleration of the air stream to eliminate variations in air velocity and to maximize air velocity at the point of impact with the fuel.

Abstract: A gun for forming a jet of particulate material and liquid comprises a body having a tapering bore therein connected by its longer end to a supply of fluidized particulate material and communicating by its other end with an opening in the body through which a tapering jet of fluidized particulate material will issue, and a pair of jet forming means for forming opposed jets of high pressure liquid which will converge and intersect beyond the body and in the path of the jet of particulate material to form a high energy jet of particulate material and liquid.

Abstract: Apparatus for the spraying of atomized particles, which comprises means for producing a stream of gas atomized particles, means for directing a secondary stream of gas against the stream of gas atomized particles and control means adapted for repeated cyclic operation for varying the secondary stream of gas in such a manner as, in operation, to deflect the stream of gas atomized particles and impart thereto an oscillation substantially in a single plane. There is also included a process for spraying atomized particles which comprises producing a stream of gas atomized particles and directing a secondary stream of gas against the stream of gas atomized particles in such a manner as to deflect the stream of gas atomized particles and impart thereto an oscillation substantially in a single plane.

Abstract: Forming system for generating from heated, pressurized gas a pair of flattened, angularly colliding gas streams, each stream being adapted to be on a different opposed side of a die head producing a plurality of generally aligned, spaced, hot melt strands of polymeric material or the like. The system employs a pair of sequential plenum chambers on each such opposed side with a distribution conduit optionally being in the first plenum chamber of each such pair. Heated, pressurized gas enters into each such first plenum chamber, and then passes into the associated second such plenum chamber of each such respective plenum chamber pair through orifices so sized that a pressure drop occurs in each such second plenum chamber. Gas escapes through a nozzle portion associated with each second plenum chamber to produce the desired colliding gas streams. Each such stream is substantially uniform and is identical to the other in dimensions as well as other physical characteristics.