Abstract: A shower unit 1 comprises a mixing chamber 2 having an inlet 7 for hot water, an inlet 27 for cold water, a jet or nozzle 5 connected to the inlet 27 for causing the cold water and to entrain the hot water to form a mixture for discharge from the chamber 2 to a shower head or rose 6 which forms an integral part of the unit.

Abstract: A mixing device for use in a duct (12), particularly for use when testing the efficiency of a filter (10) in the duct by aerosol injection, consists of a pipe (24) with a closed end arranged near the middle of the duct (12). The other end of the pipe is connected to a source (26) of compressed air. Near the closed end are one or more narrow holes (28) so that narrow air jets are created across the width of the duct. The air jets create large-scale turbulence in air flowing in the duct, even where that air flow was already turbulent, such that thorough mixing is achieved within as little as two duct diameters or less, while producing negligible pressure drop. The mixing device may be combined with an aerosol injector (20, 22).

Abstract: Techniques and associated systems are provided for removing oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO.sub.2, hereinafter called NO.sub.x) from combustion effluent gases. Such a system includes a nozzle and means for introducing a carrier gas and an injection chemical into the nozzle to be mixed together. The mixture is ejected from the nozzle into a flue gas duct to provide a high degree of cross-sectional coverage and intimate mixing between the injection chemical and the NO.sub.x -containing combustion effluent gas.

Abstract: Atomizer for viscous fuels formed by a first and a second mixing chamber arranged along a common longitudinal axis, the second chamber being formed by a cylindrical portion and two consecutive frustoconical portions on the conical walls of which two rows of orifices are placed for the inlet for the atomized fuel into the combustion chamber. The orifices are arranged according to two circumferences and have axes orthogonal to the conical walls on which they are placed, axes which meet inside the second mixing chamber at a point on the longitudinal axis. The orifices are equally angularly spaced and radially aligned. The angle between the axes of two orifices symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the outer row is comprised between 80.degree. and 120.degree., while the difference between this angle and the corresponding angle formed by the axes of the two symmetrical orifices of the inner row is not less than 20.degree..

Abstract: A snow making, multiple nozzle assembly is provided comprising a tubular casing having an upstream end wall and an outwardly bulging downstream wall containing a plurality of snow making, supersonic, air expansion and liquid atomizing nozzle orifices circumferentially spaced therearound with radially inwardly extending air grooves therebetween in the outer, bulging surface. A tube plate partitions the casing interior into an upstream water compartment and downstream air compartment, and for each snow making nozzle orifice contains a water jet nozzle for directing a water jet into a central portion of that snow making nozzle orifice. Pressurized water fed into the water compartment causes water jets in each of the snow making nozzle orifices while pressurized air fed to the air compartment causes a jacket of air to surround the water jets entering the snow making nozzle orifice. The water exits from the snow making nozzle orifices as fine droplets which form into snow.

Abstract: An atomizer for discharging a jet of one fluid in another fluid, comprises a nozzle head having at least one nozzle hole therein for discharging the jet. The nozzle hole has an inwardly tapering inlet end and an outwardly tapering outlet end for reducing recirculation and wetting at the exit of the hole. The outlet end tapers at an angle of no greater than 14.degree. and the inlet end is advantageously curved at a radius which is from 2 to 10 times the diameter of the inlet end. The diameter inlet end should also be from 1 to 5 times the length of the hole.

Abstract: An atomizer for use in the combustion of liquids, particularly liquids containing particulate materials, comprises a body having a duct therein for the liquid to be atomized and a plurality of flow passages therein for a supply of atomizing gas such as air or natural gas, the flow passages intersecting with the duct at such positions and at such angles that the atomizing gas has a significant proportion thereof directed along paths tangential to the duct.

Abstract: This device comprises a tubular body (2) into which open discharge nozzles (5) for an atomized product constituted by disinfection liquid and pressurized air.The air supply means of the injectors comprise an annular duct (14) extending through 360.degree. and directly supplying the injectors (6), while the liquid supply means of the injectors comprise several stages (15,17) with the fluid vein separated in two at each stage.

Abstract: A two-fluid nozzle for atomizing an aqueous slurry includes a core member which will provide an atomized, cone-shaped spray of slurry droplets and an annular manifold which will provide a circular pattern of injected steam around the atomized slurry. The core member extends below the steam injection orifices and the bottom of the core is extended in diameter to form a concave groove and a lower lip which will disrupt the flow of steam from the injection orifices. A nozzle cap surrounds the slurry atomization and steam injection orifices.

Abstract: A continuous stream of compressed air is introduced to a elongated chamber surrounded by a distribution jacket for introducing water at substantially the same pressure via a multitude of inward directed tubular members into the stream of axially moving, decompressing air. The stream of partially decompressed air atomizes the introduced water into tiny droplets which are mixed with the air, and are accelerated through a converging-diverging exit nozzle so as to be projected through a distance, along which the swiftly moving droplets cool from their initial to nucleating temperature, and ultimately freeze into crystalline particles of ice.

Abstract: A snow making nozzle assembly in which streams of water emerge from removable slotted nozzle plates and are injected into a high velocity air stream to atomize the water and project the atomized water into an atmosphere having an ambient temperature below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. The depth of slots in the removable nozzle plates vary to produce a more consistent snow pattern than prior art assemblies. The present invention has a higher operating efficiency due to the ability to easily clean the water nozzles and to adjust the water flow rate to match the existing atmospheric conditions.

Abstract: An atomizer comprises a cylindrical mixing chamber with open entry and discharge ends. An inner barrel for a slurry or fluidized dry powder is connected to the entry end for supplying the slurry or fluidized fine powder into the mixing chamber. One or more atomizing gas ports extend at an angle into the mixing chamber for supplying atomizing gas to be thoroughly mixed with the slurry or fluidized dry powder in the mixing chamber. The atomizing gas ports are spaced upstream from the discharge end by from one to five times the diameter of the mixing chamber, and downstream from the entry end. A larger diameter volume chamber communicates with the discharge end of the mixing chamber and has at least one nozzle which permits the homogenized mixture to exit therefrom. An impact surface is positioned opposite the discharge end. The at least one nozzle is positioned around the impact surface.

Abstract: A semi-liquid cementitious pump nozzle unit for pumping cement, concrete, grout and other abrasive materials includes an air chamber assembly having an outer integral swivel housing. A tubular steel body has a threaded coupling for connection to a pump hose. An air chamber recess extends about the nozzle body with transfer openings located centrally of the recess. An outer air housing in a form of a simple tubular member is telescoped over the end walls and sealed thereto by O-ring seals. The opposite ends of the housing are smooth bearing surfaces. Annular bearing walls project radially outwardly by the nozzle and abutting the bearing surfaces of the housing. The bearing walls may be snap ring units releasably applied to the nozzle body. A nozzle reducer secured to the end of the nozzle body may have an appropriate end directly abutting the air/swivel housing to form a bearing wall. The outer air/swivel housing is secured with the body for a slip fit for ease of disassembly, cleaning and maintenance.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for generating multiple spirally convergent/divergent fluid jet streams and an improved process and apparatus for generating particulate containing fluid jets wherein at least one discontinuity generator is provided to create fluid instabilities, enhancing entrainment and acceleration of particulates in the fluid jet stream and providing uniform distribution of accelerated particles over a large surface area.

Abstract: Compressed air and water are mixed, and are accelerated to a jet of high velocity within a cylindrical, non obstructive device; the explosive decompression of compressed air to atmospheric pressure within a diverging exit nozzle disintegrates the jet of water into a jet of tiny droplets which freeze in contact with colder atmospheric air to ice crystals of snow.

Abstract: The improved atomizer comprises a first and a second mixer for a fuel delivered through a central inlet and for an atomizing fluid delivered through a peripheral inlet, the first mixer including a first mixing chamber whereto the fuel arrives from the central inlet and the atomizing fluid arrives from peripheral ducts, and the second mixer including a second mixing chamber for the fuel and the atomizing fluid that complete their mixing therein and a plurality of outlets for the delivery of the completely atomized fuel to a firebox, the relations among the length, diameter and cross-sectional area of certain parts of the atomizer being defined to impart an effective atomization to the fuel and supply a superior jet of atomized fuel to the firebox.

Abstract: The process described herein comprises the mixing of a chilled gas into a stream of gas-suspended particles. Preferably the chilled gas is the same as the gas in which the particles are suspended and the particles are electrostatically charged. A novel device is described which provides a chamber extending lengthwise of the device into which channels feed the chilled gas into the particle suspension. The chilled gas is introduced from an external cooling system with the gas being advantageously cooled during passage through a coil whose outer walls are cooled by liquid nitrogen or dry ice. This process and device are of particular utility in a system for the spraying of electrostatically charged particles.

Abstract: An atomizing nozzle for atomizing an oil stream with air is disclosed in which a plurality of oil streams are directed outwardly from an oil stream into a generally annularly shaped gas stream to form a mixture of oil and gas, a plurality of separate streams of said mixture of oil and gas are then directed inwardly for impingement with one another to form an atomizate, and the atomizate is directed outwardly in a plurality of separate streams from the nozzle.

Abstract: A self-regulating spray nozzle is provided which includes a chamber for receiving both product to be sprayed and a driving fluid. A moveable component is provided for selectively varying the cross-sectional area of an opening provided in an output passage from the chamber in response to pressure developed within the interior of the chamber. A mechanical counter-force is exerted on the moveable component to tend to close the output passage opening of the chamber against the force of the pressure developed in the chamber, and which at least partially overcomes the force of the pressure developed within the interior of the chamber to thereby maintain the pressure drop through the output passage opening substantially constant.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus and method is disclosed which utilizes a nozzle generally comprising a cylindrical drum having external and internal air chambers, each of which terminates in a pipe having a rectangular cross-section. One of the pipes has a smaller cross-section than the other, and is disposed within the larger pipe. A high-pressure water pipe is concentrically disposed along the longitudinal axis of the smaller pipe. The space between the two pipes defines a passageway for a stream of compressed air which shapes the stream of water emanating out of the center of the smaller pipe into a jet of water having a bar-shaped cross-section, and a uniform pressure gradient at all points across this cross-section. The smaller pipe is provided with a symmetrical array of apertures for shunting part of the air stream flowing between the two pipes in a radial direction toward the pressurized stream.

Abstract: A nozzle for use in water jet cutting includes distinct upper and lower bodies held together by a locking device. The upper and lower bodies each include a mating surface, the two mating surfaces being of complementary shape and held in close contact by the locking device. The upper body includes a fluid inlet and a plurality of fluid outlets. The lower body includes a mixing chamber and the fluid outlets are in fluid communication with the mixing chamber. A jewel having a stream-forming aperture formed therethrough is mounted in each of the fluid outlets and arranged so that the centerlines of the stream-forming apertures converge to a focal point within the mixing chamber. The nozzle includes a nozzle exit passage having a first end in fluid communication with the mixing chamber, the focal point of the centerlines being adjacent the first end of the nozzle exit passage. The upper body includes an abrasive inlet connected to an abrasive passage that opens into the mixing chamber.

Abstract: A continuously convergent nozzle structure for mixing water into an air stream so that small streams of water entering the nozzle adjacent its exit end are broken up into particles and projected outwardly in a fan-shaped pattern to form snow on a ski slope.

Abstract: An oxygen-fuel cutting torch having an easily manufactured preheat tube assembly assuring complete mixing of the oxygen and fuel, and minimizing the danger associated with flashback of the flame into the torch. The preheat tube assembly includes an outer tube, an inner tube, a mixer tube, and a nozzle fitting. The inner tube and mixer tube are joined together end to end by the nozzle fitting and are both positioned within the outer tube. A chamber is formed in the oxygen channel at the juncture of the nozzle fitting and the mixing tube for increasing the turbulence of the oxygen prior to mixing with the fuel and to attenuate the shock wave generated by flashbacks.

Abstract: There is disclosed a nozzle apparatus for spraying a mixture of gas and liquid. The apparatus comprises a casing having therein a gas jetting nozzle member and a liquid chamber. The liquid flows out of the chamber in directions to cross at a predetermined angle with a direction in which the gas is jetted out of the nozzle member.

Abstract: An oxygen-fuel cutting torch having an easily manufactured preheat tube assembly assuring complete mixing of the oxygen and fuel, and minimizing the danger associated with flashback of the flame into the torch. The preheat tube assembly includes an outer tube, an inner tube, a mixer tube, and a nozzle fitting. The inner tube and mixer tube are joined together end to end by the nozzle fitting and are both positioned within the outer tube. A chamber is formed in the oxygen channel at the juncture of the nozzle fitting and the mixing tube for increasing the turbulence of the oxygen prior to mixing with the fuel and to attenuate the shock wave generated by flashbacks.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for introducing solid particles into fluid streams under accurate control. Several embodiments of nozzle apparatus are disclosed utilizing a central fluid orifice or orifices and peripheral solids orifices for mixing the solids into the fluid stream. When multiple fluid orifices are utilized, an area of lower pressure is formed in the central portion of the combined fluid stream thereby aiding in the mixture of the solids into the fluid stream. A flow shaping nozzle is provided at the exit of the apparatus to increase the mixing of the solids within the fluid jets stream. The flow shaping nozzle may have both axial and radial freedom of movement for forming the fluid-solids stream and self-alignment, respectively. The apparatus and process of this invention, in one preferred embodiment, involves introduction of the solids in the form of a foam into the fluid jet stream.

Abstract: A flame-out-resistant portable torch for igniting gas-air blasts in industrial gas furnaces includes an inner pipe for receiving gas at one end, with the opposite end closed and a gas-expulsion slot along one side, surrounded in coaxial spacing by an outer pipe with an air-induction side slot 180.degree. from the slot in the inner pipe, the outer pipe has air-induction butt end opening, vents around portions of it near the slots, and a flame expulsion end with anti-back-pressure structure, and the coaxial space between the inner and outer pipes has special baffles along it for gas-air mixing for better flame-retention.

Abstract: The invention provides a filler gun suitable for injecting a mixture of particulate solid and liquid binder into a cavity, for example the wall cavity of a building, which comprises a hollow body having an outlet at one end, a binder inlet for liquid binder at the other end, and a side inlet for granular or particulate solid, which side inlet is directed towards the outlet at an angle of less than 90.degree. with respect to the direction of flow of liquid binder from the binder inlet to the outlet in operation of the gun, wherein an outlet sleeve is releasably located in the body between the side inlet and the one end and an inlet sleeve is releasably located in the body between the side inlet and the other end, the inlet sleeve having an axial bore and a side passage opening into the bore which passage is adapted for the reception of a liquid binder supply line, and the body is slotted to enable withdrawal of the inlet sleeve therefrom without prior detachment of the supply line.

Abstract: A snow making nozzle in which streams of water impinge on each other to atomize the water and to direct the water out of the nozzle with the assistance of compressed air to spray the atomized water into the atmosphere to make snow is disclosed. The nozzle uses opposed groups of water outlet ports carried in nozzle plates. These water outlet ports are angled toward the outlet of the nozzle and are located at the venturi of a converging-diverging nozzle with each water outlet port in the upper plate being directly opposite from a corresponding water outlet port in the lower plate so that the water streams from cooperating ports directly contact each other. Impingement of these streams with each other provides superior water atomization which takes place without contacting the body of the nozzle. The inclination of the water outlet ports increases the operating efficiency of the snow making nozzle and allows more snow production per unit of energy than prior art devices.

Abstract: Flotation apparatus for de-inking of pulp suspension in a flotation cell with injectors for feeding the pulp suspension into the cell and for aerating the pulp suspension. The injectors are equipped with wide slot nozzles through which the suspension flows having a ratio of cross-sectional area to periphery of between 1.5 mm and 4.0 mm. A mixing chamber receiving pulp suspension flow from the wide slot nozzles is provided having a cross-sectional area which is between 1.3 to 1.7 times the cross-sectional area of the wide slot nozzles.

Abstract: This invention relates to a binary fluid burner device with burner units combined which functions as if it were a single large-capacity burner, in which small-capacity burner units are combined and mounted on a single burner head to form an integral burner device, and the flames from the burner units are integrated.

Abstract: A modified abrasive blast nozzle is disclosed in the preferred embodiment which incorporates an elongate fitting having threads enabling it to be connected with a hose, an internal axial passage which tapers into a narrow neck and thereafter flares outwardly, the axial passage flaring at an internally located, encircling, water inlet manifold, the manifold being communicated to the axial passage by a number of small openings, and the nozzle body further including an inlet pipe connection for water. Abrasives under high pressure with a high volume of air flows through the axial passage. As it moves past the openings into the manifold, an aspirator effect is achieved which pulls water or other liquids from the aspirator manifold into the outlet flow of air and blasting or abrasive media to thereby moisten the media and surface as needed to prevent formation of a cloud of dust and to neutralize and/or trap any airborne chemical, free silica or contaminants.

Abstract: The invention refers to fibre reinforced shotcrete and it more particularly resides in an improved method for manufacturing structures of such concrete by means of shotcrete. According to the new method a dry mixture of a binding agent and ballast is supplied with chopped fibrous reinforcing material through a feed opening located in the spraying nozzle of the spraying apparatus upstream from the position in which water is added to the mixture.

Abstract: A nozzle for use on the exhaust of an internal combustion engine having converging and diverging conical sections designed to improve combustion efficiency by accelerating the expulsion of exhaust gases.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the partial combustion of pulverized coal, in which the pulverized coal, dispersed in an inert carrier gas, is supplied to a burner, and oxygen is injected into the stream of pulverized coal at two longitudinally spaced locations in the burner for feeding into a gasification reactor.

Abstract: When burning black liquor obtained during cellulose pulp manufacture it is desirable to maintain a constant atomizing pressure. Mere throttling of the liquor supply in order to adjust the combustion to actual heat demand will alter the spray pattern. A pressurized gaseous fluid is injected into the liquor supply conduit, and the amount of this gaseous fluid is governed in response to the actual heat demand. A monitoring device senses the pressure in the supply conduit downstream of the throttle valve, and adjusts the position of the latter in response to the activity caused by the gaseous fluid, so the resulting pressure is maintained at the desired level.

Abstract: An apparatus for dissolving at least one gas in a liquid comprises an eductor submerged in a liquid, desirably in combination with a high turbulence mixing device, so that synergistic results are obtained. The inlet portion of the eductor generally has an inward convergence towards a throat. The outlet portion of the eductor has an outward divergence. A diffuser which generally carries the gas mixed with a liquid extends through the eductor inlet portion and through the throat portion into the outlet portion. In a desired embodiment, the diffuser is connected or attached to a high turbulence mixing device such as desirably, a flat plate orifice in a conduit. An injection tube extends through the flat plate orifice downstream into the conduit pipe and injects a gas into the liquid to produce a gas-liquid mixture.The apparatus dissolves an exceedingly high amount of gas into a liquid and requires very low amounts of energy.

Abstract: A venturi nozzle for air guns includes an elongated, cylindrically shaped tube having a restricted orifice in a compressed air receiving end thereof through which compressed air is passed into a discharge end thereof. The air flow area of the discharge end of the tube is greater than the air flow area of the orifice to allow expansion of the air exiting the orifice in a region of the discharge end of the tube adjacent the orifice. Apertures formed through the tube in the discharge end thereof adjacent the orifice permit ambient air to be drawn by venturi effect into the tube and to be discharged with the expanded air out of the discharge end of the tube.

Abstract: In a burner nozzle for heating, flame cleaning, gas cutting, etc., where oxygen and fuel gas are mixed near the nozzle orifice, at least two expansion steps are provided for the oxygen, the last expansion step being connected by jet passages to nozzle discharge channels which intersect closed-ended fuel channels lying in the same imagined cylindrical or conical body, the intersections each occurring between the jet passage and the nozzle orifice of the discharge channel to form a relatively large mixing space determined by the depth and width of the channels and the angle between the channels. The closed-ended portion of each fuel channel beyond the intersection forms a resonator chamber for the gas. The nozzle provides good mixing and safety properties. The channels are formed as slots on the surface of an inner member, the slots being closed by an encompassing outer member.

Abstract: An applicator for applying chemicals to the soil and the like characterized by a section of main tubular conduit for being connected into a conventional farm irrigation line; a main container disposed adjacent the tubular conduit and having respective filling and draining ports; a fluid inlet conduit disposed along the bottom of the main container for spraying water onto the bottom and keeping the chemicals agitated; an effluent conduit for conducting the fluid containing the chemicals into the main tubular conduit; and an admixing nozzle means connected with the terminal end of the effluent conduit interiorly of the main tubular conduit.

Abstract: This is an improved smokeless flare powered by air supply to the burner at substantial velocity. The flare includes an air flow-operated damper for the purpose of preventing the back flow of flame and hot gases under adverse wind conditions. The damper consists of two semicircular plates which are hinged along the diameter of the air supply pipe and are held in a closed (transverse) position by means of tension springs. Another feature of this flare is that in the sectors between the spider arms of the burner there are baffles which are triangular in shape and have substantial longitudinal dimension. There are narrow passages between the baffles and each of the adjacent spider arms so that the air flow from the blower must pass through these restricted passages and therefore will move at a higher velocity.

Abstract: Apparatus for atomizing and injecting fuel into a furnace, such as a blast furnace, in which two concentric tubes form a dual passage injection apparatus, the discharge end of the outer tube extending beyond the discharge end of the inner tube to form an atomization chamber. The central passageway conducts liquid fuel to its discharge end and the annular passageway conducts an atomizing fluid to its discharge end. A spray nozzle is mounted on the discharge end of the inner tube and has a plurality of atomizing passages inclined toward the longitudinal axis of the concentric tubes whereby the liquid fuel is atomized completely within the length of the outer tube.