Abstract: A dosing mechanism for fuels, particularly for the input into a chemical reformer to obtain hydrogen, has a metering-in device for metering fuel into a supply line, which opens out at at least one dosing aperture into a transporting line transporting a tempered material flow. A holding device for accommodating the metering-in device has an insulating body which thermally insulates the metering-in device from the transporting line that transports the tempered material flow.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to improve flux spray atomization and/or splash control are described. In one embodiment, a flux nozzle includes a plurality of injection holes to deposit flux fluid through an exit hole of an air cap onto a substrate (such as a printed circuit board). The flux fluid may atomize prior to deposition onto the substrate as relatively smaller broken down flux droplets that may aid reduced spray splash. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: An abrasive waterjet assembly has a cutting head assembly with a venting system for controlling the flow of abrasive within a cutting head body. The venting system includes one or more vents for regulating the pressure within a cutting head body to minimize, limit, or substantially eliminate any abrasive from reaching a jewel orifice. The vents include venting ports positioned between an orifice mount that retains the jewel orifice and a mixing region in which abrasive is mixed with a fluid jet produced by the jewel orifice. An isolator retained in the cutting head body further inhibits the upstream flow of abrasive, if any.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus is provided for the separation of liquid-liquid and liquid-solids compositions by flash evaporation in a heated vacuum chamber. The compositions are injected through an atomizing spray nozzle having a spray cone downward of about 30 to 150 degrees. The compositions are preheated and injected under pressure into the preheated vacuum evaporation chamber. The vaporized liquid that is formed is collected in a condenser which draws the vapors by vacuum or pressure differential. Any solids are collected at the bottom of the vacuum chamber as semi-dry or dry solids.

Abstract: A heated air manifold of reduced physical dimensions for heating process air for use in dispensing heated liquids, such as hot melt adhesives. The heated air manifold includes at least one heating element and an air plenum having an air inlet and an air outlet. The dimensions of the air plenum are optimized for providing a compact heated air manifold for use in various adhesive dispensing systems, such as systems assembled from modular adhesive manifold segments, while retaining the ability to heat the process air in the air plenum to a desired application temperature. The heated air manifold may include a thick film flat heater disposed in the air plenum. The air plenum may have multiple individual segments winding throughout the volume of the heated air manifold.

Abstract: An improved singlet oxygen generator (SOG) and method of using gas phase electronically excited states of oxygen for bio-medical and chemical treatment applications are disclosed. According to the invention, both gas phase O2(1?) and O2(1?) are used for medical treatment, sterilization, and deactivation of biological and chemical agents, including diseased tissue and biological and chemical weapons. The improved SOG is compact and scalable, portable, capable of operating in a zero-gravity or low gravity environment, may use gaseous diluent or buffer gas, and is capable of operating at pressures as high as one atmosphere. The SOG is capable of operating within a short distance of the target site for the electronically excited states of oxygen, which are delivered to the target site via a conduit. The SOG and delivery system provide higher yields of electronically excited oxygen with longer lifetimes suitable for bio-medical applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to artificial snowmaking and specifically to the discovery that by introducing an effective amount of organo-modified polysiloxane material to the water being supplied to the snow guns, the quality of the snow thus made is significantly enhanced.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor for producing hydrogen from methane by steam reforming includes a flow splitter that splits a dense-phase flow of a gas having entrained calcium oxide particles into a plurality of equal flow streams. The reactor also incorporates an orifice plate having at least one high-velocity, rocket-style impinging injector for injecting reactants into the reactor bed. The injector includes a central orifice extending perpendicularly through the plate, and one or more adjacent peripheral orifices that extend through the plate at such an angle that respective streams of reactants injected into the reactor bed through the peripheral orifices impinge on a stream of reactants injected vertically into the reactor bed through the central orifice. The injector cooperates with adjacent base-bleed orifices in the plate to provide a uniform distribution and rapid mixing of the calcium oxide particles with a steam/methane gas mixture across the entire bottom of the reactor bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spray nozzle comprising an output or mixing chamber (7) and at least two through bores (5) which lead to said output or mixing chamber and are connected to a fluid line, respectively. Said invention is characterised in that at least one through bore is embodied in such a way that it is self-cleaning and/or a cleaning device (74) is provided for at least one through bore. The invention can be used for example for two-component flue gas cleaning nozzles.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing two or more fluids, gases or other substances and conveying said fluids, gases or other substances through a convergent-divergent (C-D) nozzle to produce a highly atomized output flow that is adjustable from no atomization to full atomization, said preferred embodiment of said apparatus having a housing and a nose portion and a gripping portion, the housing including an outer conduit and an inner conduit, the outer and inner conduits positioned and arranged to convey fluids, gases and other substances from an entry point to an exit point and into the entry end of a C-D nozzle and through said C-D nozzle to produce an output flow. The location of the outer conduit, inner conduit and C-D nozzle may be adjusted to vary the output flow from no atomization to full atomization. The pressure and flow rate in each conduit may also be separately adjusted to obtain the desired output flow.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing an additive into a fluid to form a settable mixture includes a main fluid passageway having an inlet for receiving a supply of the fluid and an outlet for dispensing the fluid, the passageway having a longitudinal axis. The apparatus includes a control valve defining a portion of the main fluid passageway and configured for selectively controlling the flow of fluid in the passageway, an additive injector disposed in the passageway and having an emitter disposed in close relationship with the axis and oriented toward the outlet. A static mixer is disposed between the injector and the outlet for enhancing the uniform mixing of the additive and the fluid. Connection points between the inlet, the valve and the static mixer are configured for smooth transition of fluid and the prevention of at least one of the collection and premature setting of the mixture.

Abstract: A nozzle is provided for dispensing a liquid from a container in a desirable, nearly rectangular spray pattern. The nozzle includes an actuator having an inlet end adapted to receive liquid from the container and an outlet end, the actuator outlet end defining an outlet chamber. An insert is coupled to the actuator outlet end and defines an insert passage in fluid communication with the outlet chamber. The insert includes at least a first convex shoulder disposed downstream of the outlet chamber, and a nozzle outlet disposed downstream of the first convex shoulder. The convex shoulder may have a radius of curvature and side walls may be provided at an angle of convergence. The radius of curvature and the angle of convergence may be provided within certain ranges to obtain the desired spray pattern at the desired flow rate using typical aerosol can pressures.

Abstract: An atomization system for fuels, particularly for charging a chemical reformer for obtaining hydrogen, features at least one metering device, accommodated in a supporting device, for metering fuel into a temperature-adjusted substance stream, which introduces the fuel directly into the temperature-adjusted substance stream without the interpolation of a supply line.

Abstract: A bi-propellant rocket engine may include a primary propellant flowing in a central passageway, a secondary propellant flowing in a secondary passageway generally coaxial with central passageway and a pintle tip having a central chamber sidewall coaxial with the primary passageway and surrounding a central chamber, the central chamber sidewall having a first plurality of apertures there through so that some of the primary propellant exits the central chamber transverse to the flow of the secondary propellant in the secondary passageway. The pintle tip may have a secondary chamber sidewall, substantially thicker than the primary chamber sidewall, surrounding a secondary chamber downstream of and in fluid communication with the primary chamber, the secondary chamber sidewall having a second plurality of apertures there through so that some of the primary propellant exits the secondary chamber transverse to the flow of the secondary propellant in the secondary passageway.

Abstract: A fluid discharge apparatus adapted to discharge a cavitating stream of pressurized liquid along with the selective discharge of a secondary material, such as an abrasive, for removing dirt, debris, barnacles, marine growth, and other substances from submerged surfaces is provided. More particularly, the invention contemplates a introducing a pressurized liquid into a cavitation generating chamber to create and discharge a cavitating stream, and a secondary inlet for injecting abrasive material, such as silica, into the chamber to improve cleaning effectiveness. The gas bubbles within the cavitating liquid stream that essentially explode upon impacting debris resulting in tremendous pressure fluxuations provides improved effectiveness in removing debris and aquatic growth from the submerged surface. The combination of a secondary substance, such as an abrasive material, foam, or compressed gas enhances cleaning effectiveness.

Abstract: A modified high efficiency kinetic spray nozzle is disclosed. The modified nozzle has a rapid expansion rate in the diverging region relative to prior art nozzles, which enables one to achieve much higher particle velocities without an increase in the main gas temperature. Preferably, the expansion rate of the supersonic nozzle in a portion of the diverging region is at least 1 mm2 per millimeter, more preferably 2 mm2 per millimeter, more preferably 5 mm2 per mm, with a most preferable expansion rate being 10 mm2 per millimeter.

Abstract: A system for transporting insulation particles suitable for use in a process for forming an insulation product is provided, comprising: a blowing machine for forming an insulation particle/air suspension, wherein the blowing machine comprises at least one opening, and a hose in communication with the at least one opening, for transporting the suspension to or from the blowing machine, wherein the internal diameter variation of at least a portion of the hose is less than about 0.20 inch.

Abstract: A method for coating particles with a coating liquid including supplying airflow to fluidize the particles; mixing the coating liquid with a spray gas in a two-fluid spray nozzle to form a two-phase flow; and atomizing the two-phase flow with the spray gas to spray a mist of the coating liquid upon the particles. A coating device including a vessel; a fluidizing device configured to supply airflow to fluidize a powder in the vessel; and a spray nozzle configured to mix the coating liquid with a spray gas to form a two-phase flow, and to atomize the two-phase flow with the spray gas to spray a mist of the coating liquid. A particulate carrier for use in electrophotographic developer including particles of a core material and a cover layer thereon and prepared by the coating method mentioned above.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixing chamber for producing compressed air foam in fire extinguishing devices. The mixing chamber has a compressed air inlet, an extinguishing agent inlet and a compressed air foam outlet. The contour of the mixing chamber tapers towards the compressed air foam outlet. The invention also includes a fire extinguishing device. The fire extinguishing device includes an extinguishing agent container, a connecting device for connecting a source of compressed air to a mixing chamber of the kind described above.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for posttreatment of an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, in which a substance to be mixed with the exhaust gas is sprayed in metered quantities into an exhaust gas line through which the exhaust gas flows. The substance is sprayed onto an impact plate disposed inside the exhaust gas line.

Abstract: A substance dispersing apparatus having a cartridge used to deliver substances for the cosmetic, medical, dental, automotive, construction, and other industries.

Abstract: Procedure and device for the micro-mixing of miscible or immiscible fluids through reflux cell, produced by the invasion of one of the fluids going upstream into the feeding tube of the other fluid. This tube is closed and has a tube exit which is placed opposite an area of confluence where the exiting flow of the intercepted fluid meets an approximately perpendicular current of invading fluid, which is radially and centripetally directed to the axis of this exiting flow. The product is released outside through an exit orifice. The edges of the tube exit and the exit orifice are opposite each other and separated by an axial gap; and the penetration of this reflux cell into the feeding tube is regulated by controlling the velocity of the fluid. An application of the invention is the ironing with a steam-aided water spray of drops smaller than 200 microns.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for the generation of hydrogen peroxide. The apparatus is designed to allow for a greater range of tolerances in its manufacture. The apparatus provides for the production of a large scale volume of hydrogen peroxide by the generation of a liquid bearing bubble cloud. The bubbles are generated with a tiny volume before flowing over the reactor bed to generate the hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The injector includes a nozzle, a needle, a control chamber, a working fluid supply passage, an electric switching valve, a high-pressure gaseous fuel supply passage and a lubrication liquid fuel supply passage. The nozzle has an injection hole, through which high-pressure gaseous fuel is injected. The needle is axially reciprocably received in the nozzle to open and close the injection hole. The needle includes a sliding portion and a valve portion. The control chamber applies a pressure to the needle. The working fluid supply passage supplies liquid fuel to the control chamber. The electric switching valve controls an inflow/outflow of the liquid fuel to/from the control chamber. The high-pressure gaseous fuel supply passage supplies the high-pressure gaseous fuel to the injection hole. The lubrication liquid fuel supply passage supplies the liquid fuel from the working fluid supply passage to the sliding portion and the valve portion.

Abstract: A system is provided for the spraying of a fluid, that system having: a spray handle; a fluid channel disposed within the handle, through which the fluid is introduced into the handle; a trigger disposed within the handle; a stopper actuated by the trigger whereby flow of the fluid from the fluid channel is regulated; a wand removably coupled to a distal end of the fluid channel and through which the fluid exits the system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and method for generating a mist comprising a conduit having a mixing chamber and an exit; a working fluid inlet in fluid communication with said conduit; a transport nozzle in fluid communication with the said conduit, the transport nozzle adapted to introduce a transport fluid into the mixing chamber; the transport nozzle having an angular orientation and internal geometry such that in use the transport fluid interacts with the working fluid introduced into the mixing chamber through the working fluid inlet to atomise and form a dispersed vapour/droplet flow regime, which is discharged as a mist comprising working fluid droplets, a substantial portion of the droplets having a size less than 20 ?m.

Abstract: A siphon type of drying gun includes an arc diverter disposed between an inner end surface in an accommodation space in a body of the gun and a flared hole. A rear cover having a flange is screwed into the body. An exhaustion gap is defined between the flange of the rear cover and the arc diverter. A front tapered hole in the rear cover corresponding to the arc diverter to guide the compressed air admitted into the exhaustion gap to flow by following the arc diverter and taking a turn into the flared hole so to produce siphon effects against ambient air to reduce noise level.

Abstract: In an air mixing arrangement wherein a primary fluid is introduced through an opening in a wall to be mixed with a secondary fluid flowing along the wall surface, the opening is airfoil shaped with its leading edge being orientated at an attack angle with respect to the secondary fluid flow stream so as to thereby enhance the penetration and dispersion of the primary fluid stream into the secondary fluid stream. The airfoil shaped opening is selectively positioned such that its angle of attack provides the desired lift to optimize the mixing of the two streams for the particular application. In one embodiment, a collar is provided around the opening to prevent the secondary fluid from contacting the surface of the wall during certain conditions of operation. Multiple openings maybe used such as the combination of a larger airfoil shaped opening with a smaller airfoil shaped opened positioned downstream thereof, or a round shaped opening placed upstream of an airfoil shaped opening.

Abstract: The present invention includes a nozzle device and method for forming a composite fluid. The nozzle device generally comprises a nozzle portion connected to a main body. The main body includes an inner axial bore extending therethrough. An annular wall extends radially therefore and an annulus extends from an outer perimeter of the annular wall. The annulus and the annular wall define an annular chamber at least partially open to the atmosphere. A portal fluidly communicates the bore with the annular chamber. The nozzle portion includes a converging nose section also having an internal axial bore extending therethrough. An annular collar extends from the nose section and disposes at least partially within the annular chamber. A first tube for transporting a first fluid disposes within the axial bore of the main body and nose section, terminating at an exit port of the nozzle section.

Abstract: A misting spray nozzle includes a hollow body having an interior wall descending from an upper end to a lower end. The interior wall tapers toward the lower end to form a choke. A channel section provides two fluid paths descending from an upper central aperture. A turbine is sized and shaped to fit closely within the choke and has spiral grooves on its outer surface. The turbine attaches to the body at its upper end and has a cone-shaped opening at its lower end. A conical core is sized and shaped to fit closely within the cone-shaped opening and has grooves spiraling in an opposite direction on its outer surface. The core is attached at its upper end to the turbine. The two sets of spiral grooves define a pair of intersecting fluid control paths that meet at the lower end of the body to create a dense mist.

Abstract: The present invention is a spiderweb maker gun comprising a body having a handle, a trigger, and a discharge nozzle. A source of pressurized air is supplied to an air inlet which is secured to the handle of the gun and which is controlled by an adjustable air valve. The discharge side of the air valve has an air conduit extending therefrom which has an air discharge end or nozzle positioned below the glue discharge nozzle so that pressurized air is directed into the stream of hot glue falling or dropping from the glue discharge nozzle. The pressurized air blows the hot glue in a stream towards the area where the spiderweb is to be created with the glue drying and cooling as it is being blown from the gun. The gun is selectively moved while the stream of hot glue is being blown therefrom to create the spiderweb pattern.

Abstract: A modular dispensing device for mixing and dispensing reactive components includes a body, a triggering device, a dispensing cartridge, a control device, and a modular mixing assembly. The modular mixing assembly includes a primary central body shaped to accept the dispensing cartridge, the primary central body having a pair of opposed primary central body passages, two modular valve blocks to channel flow of a fluid from external sources to one of the primary central body passages, a secondary central body assembly attached to a downstream end of the primary central body, and a modular tip adapter mounted to the secondary central body and surrounding a tip of the dispensing cartridge and having an adapter passage for the flow of fluid to mix with fluid exiting the dispensing cartridge tip.

Abstract: Method intended to unblock enriched air blow or reaction gases nozzles in reactors or fusion converters for mining industry pyrometallurgy CHARACTERIZED by the injection of discrete air impacts with time intervals regulated to high pressure and rate through the enriched air blow or reaction gases nozzles; thus, the air impacts penetrate into the melting bath of such reactors or converters, producing the breaking of blocking accretions that dug the flow of such a enriched air or gas through the nozzle and forming, because the cooling provoked by the penetration of them, a directed accretion with material of the melting bath which is solidified by the cooling effect, allowing that the production of directed accretion be a natural lengthening of the tube of nozzle from the inner wall of these reactors or converters, and by this way to allow that the O2-enriched air blowing through the nozzle enters deeper in the melting bath, to a distance where breaking waves of this flow are generated far of the wall that has

Abstract: A drying gun includes a chamber and a handle made integrated with the body of the gun, an arc diverter being disposed between an inner end of a rear hole inside the chamber and an exhaust hole; a plug being placed in the rear hole in the chamber; a narrow exhaust gap being defined between a front surface of the plug and the inner end of the rear hole; a front tapered hole inside the plug being disposed corresponding to the arc diverter; the compressed air admitted through the exhaust gap being first guided by the arc diverter to follow the arc to change its direction into the exhaust hole thus to produce siphon effect; and the body of the drying gun may be combined with diffusers in different configurations.

Abstract: The present technique provides a system and method for improving atomization in a spray coating device by internally mixing and breaking up a desired coating fluid prior to atomization. In one embodiment, a flow barrier is disposed in the spray coating device downstream of an internal fluid valve and upstream of a fluid exit. The flow barrier may have a plurality of passages configured to direct fluid streams to create a fluid swirling and rotating motion around a central axis of a central flow path to facilitate fluid mixing and breakup. The plurality of passages may direct the fluid streams toward a surface, and may be angled substantially toward one another or diverging from one another. Embodiments of the spray coating device may further include an atomization mechanism adapted to facilitate formation of a spray of the fluid flowing from the fluid exit. The resulting spray coating has refined characteristics, such as reduced mottling.

Abstract: A plural component spray gun (10) is designed for spraying quick setting materials such as foams and the like. A mix module (14) plastic material provides at least twice the life with ½ the wear of currently marketed mix modules and is made of poly ether ether ketone reinforced with graphite and PTFE lubricants.

Abstract: A spray nozzle comprises a nozzle body having a gas inlet connected to a gas supply line and a liquid inlet connected to a liquid supply line, and an orifice body controlling the rate at which liquid can flow, in use, from the liquid inlet to a mixing zone, wherein the orifice body is removable from the nozzle body without requiring disconnection of the nozzle body from the liquid supply line.

Abstract: A method and a self-contained, mobile dispensing system, wherein the material to be dispensed is formed by mixing several reactants. A generator provides power to the overall system. Storage tanks are provided for storing the reactants. A chiller unit chills the reactants, and a heating unit heats the reactants. The reactants flow separately through the system until they reach a mix head nozzle operative to combine the reactants. The mix head nozzle has an elongated straight cylindrical shape and includes a plurality of orifices oriented to allow mixing of the reactants in a dispense mode of operation. A metering pump controls and supplies the reactants to the mix head nozzle, in stoichiometric proportions and at predetermined temperature and pressure. A hose connects the mixing tank to the mix head nozzle for dispensing the foam in situ.

Abstract: A nozzle (100) for air-assisted atomizing of a liquid fuel comprises a fuel feed passage (110) and an air feed passage (114) and a swirling chamber (118) from which fuel and air may be passed to an exit orifice (126) for emerging a cone shaped spray. An air bypass passage (122) is provided for leading a fraction of the air flow in the air feed passage (114) past the swirling chamber (118) and to an air exit (124) arranged such with respect to the exit orifice (126) that, during operation of the nozzle, air emerging through the air exit (124) reduces depositing of residues of fuel on a downstream surface (130, 132, 136) of the nozzle element (108). Grooves or other flow-guiding elements may confer swirling or rotation of air in or downstream of the air feed passage (114) and/or the air bypass passage (122).

Abstract: A dual sprayer has an externally mounted mixing manifold for intimately commingling disparate liquids sprayed during pumping and issuing through a nozzle as a complete admixture of dual liquids.

Abstract: Systems and methods for high volume, low pressure foam generation are provided that have a wide range of applications, particularly in fire fighting and fire prevention fields. The foam may be effectively delivered to targets that have heretofore been difficult, if not impossible, to reach in a timely, cost effective and/or efficacious manner. Nozzles and nozzle-containing systems are provided for combining water, injected foam and air to generate and/or deliver high volume, low pressure foam. The foam generation systems may be part of portable units that may be worn or otherwise supported by a user (e.g., a back pack), manually transported (e.g., a push cart), or transported with power-assistance (e.g., a power-assist cart). The systems may also be vehicle-mounted. Exemplary nozzle systems include a diffuser unit that facilitates aeration of the water and foam mixture that is fed to the nozzle system.

Abstract: A method for producing a mist in a spray head (1), especially for fire-fighting purposes or for humidification of intake air, in which method a medium, preferably an extinguishing medium, is supplied under pressure into the chamber (2) of the spray head via an inlet (3) and through at least one first channel (4) into at least one nozzle (5), which comprises at least one channel zone (6) narrower in a direction transverse to the flow of medium and after that in the direction of flow of medium a channel space (7) wider in a direction transverse to the flow of medium than the narrow channel zone, from which wider channel space the mist of medium generated is passed out of the spray head via an outlet orifice (8). The mist of medium is influenced, at least by increasing its momentum and/or reducing its droplet size, by supplying into the channel space (7) at least one second medium, preferably a gas.

Abstract: A spray gun head comprises a flow distribution mechanism having an annular shield member disposed around a nozzle thereof and a plurality of apertures around the flow distribution mechanism; a cap comprising a central orifice and two pairs of holes at two opposite sides thereof, such that a mouth of the nozzle is adapted to dispose in the orifice when the cap is put on the flow distribution mechanism; and a ring threadedly secured onto the flow distribution mechanism for closing a pass between the rear of the cap and the flow distribution mechanism. By utilizing this spray gun head, both air flow and air pressure leaving the flow distribution mechanism are made uniform for obtaining an excellent spray on balance and atomization.

Abstract: A fluid spray is provided by apparatus (12) which includes jet spray (13) means for producing at least two jets of fluid (10,11). The jets of fluid at least partially intersect to thereby provide a predetermined spray pattern of fluid, preferably fan shaped. The jets of fluid (10,11), from nozzles, can be directed towards a vehicle windscreen or headlamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved mixing arrangement for, primarily, moving bitumen in steam from sources of such bitumen and steam to a reactor or coker for further processing of the bitumen into petroleum products. The invention provides a main conduit connected to an atomizing nozzle mounted in a wall of the reactor and first and second conduits for flowing bitumen and steam respectively into the main conduit. The first conduit is angled relative to the main conduit at an acute angle of about 45° and the second conduit is angled relative to the main conduit at an acute angle of about 30°. The second conduit is positioned upstream of the first conduit by a short distance of about 23 mm and may be angled radially relative to the first conduit by any angle, although a 90° angle is preferred.

Abstract: A metal atomizing device includes a casing with an inlet tube for providing liquid metal into the casing and an outlet is defined through the casing. The inlet tube and the outlet share a common axis. A polygonal impact member is located at an outlet of the inlet tube and a plurality of gas inlets are connected to the casing so as to provide noble gas into the casing and mixed with the liquid metal that impacts on the impact member.

Abstract: An atomization chamber apparatus used for aircraft pesticide delivery, which has an open ended walled chamber, divided into left and right sections, each having outer and inner segments, each segment having a top and a bottom wall, the outer segments having a same radius concave upper wall and a convex lower wall, while the inner segments have a same radius convex radius upper wall and a concave lower wall. A nozzle injector connectable to a fluid pesticide source is laterally disposed in an inner segment. The nozzle is chosen such that exiting pesticide will not impact the chamber walls, and the radii of the segments are chosen such that the speed of pesticide atomization by the incoming air is slowed down to reduce fines upon pesticide impact, and the speed of the pesticide air mixture on exiting the chamber is increased to substantially match the airspeed of the aircraft.

Abstract: A snow-gun for producing man-made snow from a combination of compressed air and water features a new nozzle configuration for discharging a mixture of water-particles and air into the surrounding atmosphere. Such nozzle is provided with an elliptically-shaped discharge port having a transverse cross-section that gradually expands in size in the direction in which the air and water particles are discharged from said nozzle. Preferably, the area of the elliptical port changes non-linearly through the front wall of the nozzle, whereby water particles exiting the gun through the nozzle port are less likely to collide with the side walls of the port or with each other before reaching the relatively cold ambient atmosphere.

Abstract: Snow is made, for use on ski slopes and the like, using compressed air at a pressure substantially less than 95 psig, preferably around 30 psig. The air is provided to a snow making head or snow gun, where it is flowed through an air nozzle having effective diameter D. The air stream intersects a water droplet stream with angle A and at distance L from the air nozzle. Preferred angle A is in the range 70 to 110 degrees. The preferred ratio L/D is in the range 9:1 and 22:1. High pressure air from existing compressor systems is reduced to a desired substantially lower pressure by a central choked flow throttle upstream of an aftercooler, or by multi-stage throttles located near the snow making head. Water is added to the compressed air to substantially improve snow making, particularly when ambient relative humidity is low.

Abstract: A chemical sprayer system includes a three-way valve that includes an inlet port coupled to a fluid source, a first outlet port in fluid communication with a first elongated fluid passage, a second outlet port in fluid communication with a second elongated fluid passage, and a control. The control allows a user to place the three-way valve into one of a first ON state in which the first outlet port is in fluid communication with the inlet port, a second ON state in which the second outlet port is in fluid communication with the inlet port, and an OFF state in which substantially no fluid is allowed to exit the inlet port. The first elongated fluid passage terminates in a nozzle adapted for spraying foam. The second elongated fluid passage terminates in a nozzle adapted for spraying liquids.