Abstract: A spray nozzle for fire control produces a spray of gas and liquid having an oval transverse cross-section and comprises a mixing chamber having an oval transverse cross-section adapted to induce a toroidal mixing pattern in pressurized gas and liquid introduced to the mixing chamber through a plurality of inlets. In a preferred embodiment the mixing chamber is toroidal. The spray may be used in fire control systems in vehicles or other confined spaces.

Abstract: An air-assisted, airless atomization, plural component spraying system and method includes a first source of a first component, e.g., a resin; a second source of a second component, e.g., catalyst for the resin; spraying means to mix the resin and catalyst and direct the mixture to a substrate and a source of compressed air. The spraying means includes a nozzle assembly which comprises a liquid nozzle for forming liquid into a fan-like film with expanding edges extending from a liquid orifice, and a nozzle assembly for directing a flow of compressed air and catalyst at the fan-like film closely adjacent the liquid orifice. In an internal mix system, compressed air is directed to impinge upon the expanding edges of the fan-like stream of mixed resin and catalyst downstream of the impingement of a flow of compressed air on the fan-like stream to capture particles in small, uniform spray pattern.

Abstract: A potentially disposable, low cost spray tip to be connected to a conventional hollow caulking tube which is loaded with a supply of relatively thick, viscous material, with or without solid particulate matter in suspension, that is to be controllably sprayed onto a desired surface (e.g. drywall). The spray tip includes a material sleeve, which is fixedly attached to the spout of the caulking tube to channel material therefrom, and an air stem, which is attached to an air source to channel a supply of air under pressure. In operation, the relatively thick, viscous material is moved into the air stream, and a mixture of air and material is uniformly and continuously sprayed through an exit orifice in the spray tip to efficiently spray the surface.

Abstract: A continuous stream of compressed air is introduced to a elongated chamber surrounded by a distribution jacket for introducing water at substantially the same pressure via a multitude of inward directed tubular members into the stream of axially moving, decompressing air. The stream of partially decompressed air atomizes the introduced water into tiny droplets which are mixed with the air, and are accelerated through a converging-diverging exit nozzle so as to be projected through a distance, along which the swiftly moving droplets cool from their initial to nucleating temperature, and ultimately freeze into crystalline particles of ice.

Abstract: The device for feeding waste air and/or combustion air to a burner has an upstream cyclindrical swirl inlet system (inlet header 1) with feeder nozzles (8,9) leading in tangentially. The main nozzle (8) is here provided at a radial distance R from the burner axis on the inlet header (1), which distance is greater than the radius r of the combustion chamber (4). By means of this increase in the swirl radius, a substantially higher swirl intensity can be generated at small throughputs. In order to avoid an undue rise in the swirl at higher throughputs, a secondary flow (7), which is fed in via a control element (11), is introduced into the inlet header (1) via a secondary nozzle (9) tangentially and opposite to the main swirling flow. Alternatively, the secondary flow (7) can also be fed to the inlet header (1) via inlet slots (14) substantially at right angles to the direction of the main flow. In both cases, the tangential flow component of the main flow (6) is slowed down.

Abstract: The atomic constituents of volatile organic compounds are determined by a burner design having improved stability and, consequently, increased detection sensitivity. An optical window is included at one end of a burner tube to stabilize a hydrogen-air flame to avoid blow out. Since air and combined air and helium are introduced immediately in front of the window and the flow rate of the gases and a sample are particularly oriented, burning is complete for increased detection sensitivity by an interconnected atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Abstract: A snow making nozzle assembly in which streams of water emerge from removable slotted nozzle plates and are injected into a high velocity air stream to atomize the water and project the atomized water into an atmosphere having an ambient temperature below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. The depth of slots in the removable nozzle plates vary to produce a more consistent snow pattern than prior art assemblies. The present invention has a higher operating efficiency due to the ability to easily clean the water nozzles and to adjust the water flow rate to match the existing atmospheric conditions.

Abstract: An improved mixing device is disclosed for mixing an abrasive such as sand with a flowing fluid such as compressed air. The improved mixing device comprises a body member having a major internal channel being defined along a major axis. The major internal channel extends between a major input and a major output of the major internal channel. The body member includes a minor internal channel defined along a minor axis and extending from a minor input to an intersection with a portion of the major internal channel located between the major input and the major output of the major internal channel. The flowing fluid is directed into the major input whereas the abrasive is directed into the minor input for enabling the abrasive to mix with the flowing fluid within the major internal channel and to discharge from the major output.

Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for the partial combustion of a solid carbonaceous fuel wherein coal, e.g., finely divided coal, is supplied to a reactor space via a central channel disposed along the longitudinal axis of the burner, and oxygen-containing gas is supplied via an annular channel surrounding said central channel, and heat from the combustion is removed from the hollow front face of the burner by coolant flowed through said front face spirally about the longitudinal axis of the burner.

Abstract: An external mix, air-assisted, airless atomization, plural component spraying system and method includes a first source of a first component, e.g., a resin; a second source of a second component, e.g., catalyst for the resin; spraying means to mix the resin and catalyst and direct the mixture to a substrate; a source of compressed air; and means for injecting the catalyst into the compressed air. The spraying means includes a nozzle assembly which comprises a liquid nozzle for forming the resin into a fan-like film with expanding edges extending from a liquid orifice, and a nozzle assembly for directing a flow of compressed air and catalyst at the fan-like film colsely adjacent the liquid orifice. In a preferred embodiment, compressed air is directed to impinge upon the expanding edges of the fan-like resin stream downstream of the impingement of the flow of compressed air and catalyst particles to capture from catalyst particles in small, uniform spray pattern.

Abstract: An atomizer comprises a cylindrical mixing chamber with open entry and discharge ends. An inner barrel for a slurry or fluidized dry powder is connected to the entry end for supplying the slurry or fluidized fine powder into the mixing chamber. One or more atomizing gas ports extend at an angle into the mixing chamber for supplying atomizing gas to be thoroughly mixed with the slurry or fluidized dry powder in the mixing chamber. The atomizing gas ports are spaced upstream from the discharge end by from one to five times the diameter of the mixing chamber, and downstream from the entry end. A larger diameter volume chamber communicates with the discharge end of the mixing chamber and has at least one nozzle which permits the homogenized mixture to exit therefrom. An impact surface is positioned opposite the discharge end. The at least one nozzle is positioned around the impact surface.

Abstract: In accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention disclosed herein, a liquid propelled blast nozzle apparatus includes a body having first and second bores which receive, respectively, a pressurized flow of sand particles and a high pressure and high velocity flow of propulsion fluid, a nozzle assembly on the body having a third bore for directing a blast of liquid propelled sand particles onto a surface to be cleaned, the respective bores defining axes which intersect one another within the bore of the nozzle assembly, the axis of the first bore intersecting the axis of the third bore at an angle of about 31/2.degree., and the axis of the first bore intersecting the axis of the second bore at an angle of about 71/2.degree.. The first and third bores preferably are lined with a suitable wear and erosion resistant material such as tungsten carbide.

Abstract: A semi-liquid cementitious pump nozzle unit for pumping cement, concrete, grout and other abrasive materials includes an air chamber assembly having an outer integral swivel housing. A tubular steel body has a threaded coupling for connection to a pump hose. An air chamber recess extends about the nozzle body with transfer openings located centrally of the recess. An outer air housing in a form of a simple tubular member is telescoped over the end walls and sealed thereto by O-ring seals. The opposite ends of the housing are smooth bearing surfaces. Annular bearing walls project radially outwardly by the nozzle and abutting the bearing surfaces of the housing. The bearing walls may be snap ring units releasably applied to the nozzle body. A nozzle reducer secured to the end of the nozzle body may have an appropriate end directly abutting the air/swivel housing to form a bearing wall. The outer air/swivel housing is secured with the body for a slip fit for ease of disassembly, cleaning and maintenance.

Abstract: A powder product to be sprayed is conveyed by a stream of gas in a flexible conduit between a storage tank and a spray orifice from which a mixture of the gas and the product is ejected. The mixture is agitated upstream of and in the vicinity of this orifice by oscillating a section of the flexible conduit in the vicinity of this orifice. The powder product sprayer comprises a flexible conduit and a device for circulating a mixture of the product and the gas in this conduit. It further comprises an enclosure surrounding a section of the conduit and a device for oscillating this section of the conduit. The device for oscillating the conduit may comprise a vibrator fixed to this section of the conduit and free to move inside the enclosure. The vibrator may comprise an annular cage surrounding and fixed to this section of the conduit, a ball movable inside the cage and a device for injecting air into the cage in a direction adapted to cause movement of the ball inside the cage.

Abstract: A roving cutting steering mechanism for use with a plural component spray gun for producing fiberglass reinforced products. A roving cutter is mounted on a plural component spray gun with a support plate and a bracket which is easily vertically adjustable by loosening a bolt mounting the bracket on the gun body. Horizontal adjustment is provided by a cam fitting a slot in the end of a bracket which shifts a mounting plate horizontally. The roving cutter being mounted on the plate is steered to align the path of cuttings ejected from the roving cutter to the optimum position for intersecting the fluid path of material being sprayed by the spray gun. Quick easy adjustment both vertically and horizontally of a roving cutter allows optimizing the mixture of roving cuttings with a spray of plural components being applied to a surface.

Abstract: An air curtain incinerator and method for accelerating the burning of material in an open burning pit. The apparatus with an improved force draft air supply and manifold air distributor whereby the rate of burning, temperature and volume of air is controlled within the burning pit in such a manner that a down draft is created to the left and right of the center line thus forcing additional air into the burning pit and minimizing the amount of ash, smoke and debris which is released into the atmosphere. The apparatus is further provided with a centuri upstream of the manifold air distributor wherein an adjustable air inlet control the amount of supplemental air which is drawn into the supply conduit.

Abstract: An atomizer and atomizing process of a post-mixed liquid fuel fired burner comprising angular direction of atomizing fluid into liquid fuel as it passes along a fuel passage length of increasing surface area causing the formation of a fuel film on the fuel passage surface area with the increasing thinning of the fuel film as it passes across the increasing surface area, resulting in a shearing action at the fuel passage end and the formation of an atomized spray.

Abstract: Two or more liquids are mixed continuously in very short times and in a highly uniform manner. Thin sheets of the liquids to be mixed are formed and contacted to produce a new mixed sheet. The newly formed mixed sheet is highly turbulent which substantially enhances mixing. Since the contacting of the liquids occurs on a scale of microns of thickness, mixing is not only rapid but complete and extremely uniform as well. Turbulence within the mixed sheet that further enhances mixing allows for mixing times as low as 0.1 millisecond, depending on flowrate and pressure drop, for low viscosity fluids.

Abstract: An atomizing nozzle assembly is provided having an outwardly diverging frustrum of a cone shaped, deflector core of wear resistant ceramic, a nozzle rim of wear resistant ceramic encircling the core and coextensive with a downstream portion thereof to form a mixing zone therewith for receiving liquid-to-be-atomized therein from an unobstructed passage and atomizing fluid directing the liquid-to-be-atomized away from the core. The mixing zone leads to a nozzle orifice outlet. The core is mounted in a core holder and is adjustable by a screw thread, in close proximity to the mixing zone, to adjust the width of the mixing zone. The liquid-to-be-atomized (e.g. a coal slurry fuel) and the atomizing fluid (e.g. air) are fed along coaxial tubes which are slidably mounted by glands to accommodate differential expansions.

Abstract: The improved atomizer comprises a first and a second mixer for a fuel delivered through a central inlet and for an atomizing fluid delivered through a peripheral inlet, the first mixer including a first mixing chamber whereto the fuel arrives from the central inlet and the atomizing fluid arrives from peripheral ducts, and the second mixer including a second mixing chamber for the fuel and the atomizing fluid that complete their mixing therein and a plurality of outlets for the delivery of the completely atomized fuel to a firebox, the relations among the length, diameter and cross-sectional area of certain parts of the atomizer being defined to impart an effective atomization to the fuel and supply a superior jet of atomized fuel to the firebox.

Abstract: A fuel supplied through a fuel feed bore of a burner plug and a spray medium supplied through spray medium feed holes thereof are mixed initially in primary mixing chambers in a burner plate and further mixed in a secondary mixing chamber in a burner tip and the fuel mixture thus obtained is sprayed through spray holes of the burner tip. Each of the primary mixing chambers is inclined at a predetermined angle relative to the axis of the burner plate so that the fuel mixture is caused to swirl in a secondary mixing chamber; or the burner plate and the burner tip are so interconnected to each other that the extension of the axis of each primary mixing chamber in the burner plate intersects substantially the midpoint between the adjacent spray holes of the burner tip and consequently the fuel mixture discharged from the primary mixing chambers impinges on the inner wall of the secondary mixing chamber in the burner tip, whereby the ability to atomize a slurry fuel is improved.

Abstract: A method of controlling the cutting of an object comprising pressurizing a fluid; forming from said pressurized fluid a fluid jet adapted to cut the object; directing the said object-cutting jet towards the object and, when it is not desired to cut the object, preventing the object-cutting jet from reaching the object while maintaining the pressurization of the fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a media mixing nozzle assembly (10'), intended for use in a contact reactor to enable a first medium (A) to be mixed with a second medium (B), where the mixed medium is to be used for cleansing a contaminated medium fed to the contact reactor, by bringing the contaminated medium (5a') into contact with the medium mixture (C) containing an absorption material which reacts with the impurities contained by the contaminated medium. The first medium (A) and the second medium (B) are supplied, under overpressure, to a mixing chamber (13') of the nozzle assembly. This chamber (13') is connected with a mixture conveying channel (20) having a cross-section which diverges from the chamber (13') in a manner such that the pressure within the exit orifice (20a) of the channel substantially coincides with the pressure surrounding (21) the channel orifice.

Abstract: A nozzle unit comprising a frusto-conical nozzle having a transverse flat end face, an outlet passage formed in this flat end face, an inner conduit member which in use is connected to a source of air under pressure, a water conduit which in use is connected to a source of water under pressure, and a mixing chamber in which the water and air is mixed and from which the mixture passes to be discharged through the outlet passage. The nozzle unit further has a concave cylindrical cap which is carried by rigid carrier means which is integral with the nozzle and into which the water/air mixture is discharged, the water being there broken down into very small droplets. The mixing chamber has a passage therethrough in the form of a venturi and inlet bores from the exterior of the chamber to just downstream of the venturi throat. In use, air passes through the venturi throat and the water is drawn in through the bores to the interior of the venturi throat and is there mixed with and entrained in the air.

Abstract: A remotely controlled spray gun in which a nozzle 42 and orifice plate 40 are held in precise axial alignment by alignment member 54, in turn held in alignment with the general outlet 33 of the spray gun by insert 36. By this arrangement, precise repeatability of spray patterns is insured.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for generating particulate containing fluid jets wherein at least one discontinuity generator is provided to create fluid instabilities, enhancing entrainment and acceleration of particulates in the fluid jet stream and providing uniform distribution of accelerated particles over a large surface area.

Abstract: An adjustable conical atomizer comprises a body part having an end or discharge face with a conical recess and a conical plug having a complementarily conically-formed surface which is adjustably positioned in the conical recess. The size of the cavity formed between the plug and the body is varied by changing the relative positions of the plug and the body, for example, by using an indexing bolt which connects the body part and the plug parts. The body or a connection to the body is provided with channels or passages for the passage of two or more fluid streams into the space between the plug and the body part for intimate mixing therein. The fluid stream includes a liquid which is accelerated in this zone between the body and the plug. The plug and the body form an annular discharge therebetween which diverges in an outward direction.

Abstract: This nozzle includes an outer case (1) and a core (2) which define in succession: a series of passageways (15) having a zone for the injection of fuel gas and comburent gas, a mixing zone of small section and a primary homogenization zone of larger section; an annular secondary homogenization zone (16) whose section is substantially equal to the total section of the preceding zone; a single acceleration passage (17) having a decreasing section; and a single outlet conduit (18) having a constant section. Application in oxyacetylene torches consuming a few cubic meters per hour acetylene.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for high temperature heating, melting, refining and superheating of materials, such a steel scrap, metals, ceramics or glass. The invention provides an economizing method of hydrocarbon fluid fuel combustion in an ongoing flame in a liquid cooled combustion chamber by separately supplying streams of fuel and at least two oxidizing gases wherein a first oxidizing gas reacts with the fuel, and a second oxidizing gas is directed about the flame core to further react with the fuel, while controlling the flow of the fuel, the oxidizing gases and cooling liquid to provide the required heat input, combustion product chemistry, temperature, velocity, emissivity and combustion block temperature. Also disclosed are burners for carrying out the invention.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly adapted with an adhesive spray gun for forming a liquid adhesive/gas solution into a foam includes a nozzle formed with a chamber having a rearward end and a forward discharge orifice which is maintained at a pressure less than that required to maintain the gas in solution in the liquid. A turbulence plate having a front surface formed with a notch is mounted to the spray gun such that the notch extends within the rearward end of the chamber. The notch is formed with at least two input ends and a turbulence zone therebetween. The liquid/gas solution is conveyed to each input end of the notch where a separate stream of solution is formed. The streams move along the notch from each input end toward the turbulence zone of the notch where they impact one another within the chamber.

Abstract: A centrifugal pump for feeding pulverized material such as coal particles from a low pressure zone into a high pressure zone, the pump having nozzles mounted on a rotor. The pulverized material is ejected into the high pressure space through the nozzles, and gas is supplied to the nozzles to control the flow rate of the pulverized material. Apparatus is provided that ensures mass flow of the material through the nozzles, even if the nozzles have a short length.

Abstract: An oil burner of the type comprising a burner housing having several nozzles (16, 17) adapted to introduce pressurized oil (18, 20) and through which housing combustion air (39) is blown for being mixed with the finely distributed oil drops ejected from the nozzles, and in which the burner nozzles (16, 17) are mounted substantially symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis (26) of the burner and are mounted angularly to each other, preferably at an angle of 6.degree.-10.degree. and so that the center axis (27, 28) of the oil jets cross each other at or in-front of the outlet (23) of a flame cup (13) of the burner.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for delivering liquid are disclosed for use in fuel burners or atomizers of the type which comprise a hollow atomizer bulb having a convex exterior surface which tapers toward a small aperture through which high pressure gas if forced to atomize liquid as it flows in a thin film over the bulb. To provide thinner films when lower atomization rates are desired and thicker films when higher atomization rates are desired, a feed tube is positioned above the atomizer bulb with its discharge opening oriented so that the vertical distance from its front edge to the surface of the bulb is from 1.5 to 2.0 times the vertical distance of its rear edge to the surface of the bulb. In another embodiment the discharge opening of the feed tube is elongated and has a major axis oriented transversely to the axis of the spray leaving the aperture.

Abstract: A detachable mixing chamber is constructed and arranged to receive a plurality of fluid components from a source thereof for forming a fluid such as a foam to be discharged therefrom. The chamber includes a core having a bore therein and a plurality of inlet openings arranged in communication with the bore for supplying the fluid components from such source to the bore and means for maintaining the core under a restraining force in an axial and radial direction. The chamber is removably secured to a dispensing apparatus in a manner to be accessible from the outside thereof for detachment therefrom.

Abstract: An atomizer (14) for producing a finely dispersed spray (16) of a solid-liquid slurry (18) includes a mixing body (22) having an internal mixing chamber (28) and a spray outlet passage (30). The flow cross-section of the mixing chamber (28) is elongated in shape, with an atomizing medium inlet passage (24) for injecting an atomizing medium (20) into the mixing chamber (28) co-linearly with the spray outlet passage (30). The slurry inlet passage (26) injects the slurry (18) into the mixing chamber (28) at an angle (32) oblique to the flow of atomizing medium and perpendicular to the mixing chamber flow cross-section elongation.

Abstract: A liquid-atomizing nozzle in which intermixing of air and liquid occurs externally of the nozzle and the primary air utilized for such intermixing is amplified by the entrainment of ambient secondary air. Two versions of the nozzle are disclosed, each having a tubular body with a generally cylindrical section terminating in a conical nose section. Air under pressure is discharged through radial openings in the cylindrical section and is redirected by a collar surrounding the cylindrical section to form a high velocity stream of air about and along the gradually-tapered outer surface of the nose section. Such high velocity primary air, amplified by ambient secondary air, strips liquid from at least one opening in the nose section to produce an externally-developed air-liquid mixture. In one version the liquid discharge opening is at the tip of the conical nose section; in another version a plurality of such openings are formed in the conical surface of that section.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for spraying a fluid through a first nozzle (48), and more particularly to spraying the vapor of a metallic compound onto glass containers (132), and for cleaning the first nozzle (48) without removing the first nozzle (48) and even without stopping the flow of the fluid being sprayed. The apparatus and method include providing a chamber (76) that is juxtaposed to the inlet (62) of the first nozzle (48), providing a second nozzle (52) whose outlet (68) is disposed inside the chamber (76), and spraying a fluid, preferably air, through the second nozzle (52), into the inlet (62) of the first nozzle (48), and through the first nozzle (48).

Abstract: A nozzle for atomizing or discharging a liquid, particles, powder or the like in a uniform and stable state without disturbance, utilizing a rotating air current of low wind pressure, low velocity and low flow rate. A working fluid, for example air, is fed through a passage of a nozzle body, flows in a laminar state around a working fluid straightening member, and then passes through tornado-stage fluid slots and is discharged in a tornado shape vortex at the nozzle outlet. A vacuum is produced when the working fluid is discharged from the nozzle outlet, and a fluid to be atomized is drawn through a passage in the straightening member by this vacuum and is atomized together with the working fluid in a tornado shape at the nozzle outlet. The nozzle bore can be larger than in conventional nozzles.

Abstract: A nozzle for use in water jet cutting includes distinct upper and lower bodies held together by a locking device. The upper and lower bodies each include a mating surface, the two mating surfaces being of complementary shape and held in close contact by the locking device. The upper body includes a fluid inlet and a plurality of fluid outlets. The lower body includes a mixing chamber and the fluid outlets are in fluid communication with the mixing chamber. A jewel having a stream-forming aperture formed therethrough is mounted in each of the fluid outlets and arranged so that the centerlines of the stream-forming apertures converge to a focal point within the mixing chamber. The nozzle includes a nozzle exit passage having a first end in fluid communication with the mixing chamber, the focal point of the centerlines being adjacent the first end of the nozzle exit passage. The upper body includes an abrasive inlet connected to an abrasive passage that opens into the mixing chamber.

Abstract: Liquid fuel, particularly slurry-type fuel, such as coal-water, slurry or coal-oil slurries, is atomized by bringing the fuel into contact with gas under pressure in an atomizing nozzle (1). To this end, a continuous stream of fuel is passed through a channel (17) of circular cross-section. The stream of fuel is accelerated in the channel, adjacent the outlet end of the nozzle, and is preliminarily disintegrated by means of at least one first stream of gas under pressure directed inwardly against the outside of the fuel stream. The fuel is finally atomized by directing at least one second stream of gas under pressure outwardly against the inside of the accelerated and preliminarily disintegrated fuel stream, substantially immediately after said stream exits from the nozzle.

Abstract: A fiber insulation application nozzle having a small opening for introducing insulation into cavities through a small opening is provided. The diameter of the body portion of the nozzle corresponds with the diameter of the conventional deliver hose from an insulation blowing machine. The nozzle includes a reducing section tapering to an exit portion having a diameter one-third of the main body. A gas injector tube is introduced along the inside surface of the exit portion of the nozzle and is directed along the surface. Fiber insulation in the nozzle is compressed prior to entering the exit portion. The gas injected into the exit portion aids in moving the particles through the nozzle. The compressed fibers are surrounded by high pressure gas and are caused to expand into a fluffed condition upon leaving the nozzle. An impinging stream of liquid adhesive is provided within the exit portion of the nozzle so as to thoroughly wet and coat the insulation fibers within the nozzle as they exit the nozzle.

Abstract: A burner nozzle assembly is disclosed for atomizing liquid fuel at lower emission velocities, and comprises an axially extended nozzle body and a nozzle cap mounted forwardly thereon, the nozzle cap and nozzle body cooperating to define a flow reversing fluid path for the liquid fuel, to cause the fuel to move essentially countercurrent to its initial direction of flow, and to the flow of an auxiliary fluid disposed in an outer coaxial conduit. The reversal of flow of the liquid fuel, promotes a collision between it and the auxiliary fluid, to facilitate thorough atomization, without the need for increase in emission velocities, that results in higher fuel consumption and reduced per capita fuel utilization and heat radiation. The nozzle is adapted to operate in a variety of burner assemblies, including conventional burner guns, and is of simple construction.

Abstract: An apparatus for reliably monitoring a flame of a post-mixed burner without significantly altering the flame characteristics by forming a small but intense signal within the burner which is unaffected by furnace conditions and which corresponds to the actual flame.

Abstract: A burner for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel, comprising a central channel with a central outlet for free-oxygen containing gas, laterally disposed conduit means for finely divided solid fuel, the conduit means having outlet means whose major axis is positioned to intersect the axis of the central outlet and being asymmetrically arranged with respect to said central outlet. The invention further relates to a process for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel, wherein one or more burners of the above type are applied.

Abstract: A continuously convergent nozzle structure for mixing water into an air stream so that small streams of water entering the nozzle adjacent its exit end are broken up into particles and projected outwardly in a fan-shaped pattern to form snow on a ski slope.

Abstract: An atomizer in which oil is atomized by steam and a hollow conical pattern of oil is emitted for combustion and applicable to boiler firing. Oil and steam flows pass through intersecting passages so that atomization occurs before the oil and steam mixture enters an annular chamber; or the flows intersect at or adjacent entry to the chamber. Further mixing occurs in the chamber from which the mixture is emitted.

Abstract: There is disclosed a nozzle apparatus for spraying a mixture of gas and liquid. The apparatus comprises a casing having therein a gas jetting nozzle member and a liquid chamber. The liquid flows out of the chamber in directions to cross at a predetermined angle with a direction in which the gas is jetted out of the nozzle member.

Abstract: A burner for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel in a combustion zone, comprising a central channel for finely divided solid fuel, an annular channel for free-oxygen containing gas, substantially concentrically surrounding the central channel. The annular channel is provided with primary, inclined outlet means for directing high velocity free-oxygen containing gas into the outflowing solid fuel during operation and secondary outlet means around the primary outlet means for conveying shielding low velocity free-oxygen containing gas to the combustion zone.The invention further relates to a process for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel, wherein one or more burners of the above type are applied.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for high temperature heating, melting, refining and superheating of materials, such a steel scrap, metals, ceramics or glass. The invention provides an economizing method of hydrocarbon fluid fuel combustion in an ongoing flame in a liquid cooled combustion chamber by separately supplying streams of fuel and at least two oxidizing gases wherein a first oxidizing gas reacts with the fuel, and a second oxidizing gas is directed about the flame core to further react with the fuel, while controlling the flow of the fuel, the oxidizing gases and cooling liquid to provide the required heat input, combustion product chemistry, temperature, velocity, emissivity and combustion block temperature. Also disclosed are burners for carrying out the invention.

Abstract: Two or more liquids are mixed continuously in very short times and in a highly uniform manner. Thin sheets of the liquids to be mixed are formed and contacted to produce a new mixed sheet. The newly formed mixed sheet is highly turbulent which substantially enhances mixing. Since the contacting of the liquids occurs on a scale of microns of thickness, mixing is not only rapid but complete and extremely uniform as well. Turbulence within the mixed sheet that further enhances mixing allows for mixing times as low as 0.1 millisecond, depending on flowrate and pressure drop, for low viscosity fluids.