Abstract: A foam producing device for the alternative dispensing of foams or liquids comprising a porous element comprising a partially gas permeable wall, a gas distribution plenum, a gas entry port in fluid connection with said plenum; a second wall opposite the outer surface of said gas permeable wall; a mixing chamber comprising at one end, the proximal end, a small annular opening between said gas permeable and second wall, comprising an orifice for the uniform distribution of foamable liquid therethrough into said chamber and at the distal end an exit port for the discharge of foams or liquids from said chamber said chamber being tapered, or not, as required; a liquid distribution plenum for the uniform distribution of said foamable liquids to said orifice and a liquid entry port in fluid connection, through a conduit, with said plenum wherein said plenum and a source of foamable liquid are in fluid connection through a conduit therebetween; with the proviso that only the portion of said gas permeable wall betwee

Abstract: An atomizer device comprising a body member having a gas nozzle defined by smooth converging sidewalls. A first smooth surface is disposed in a substantially perpendicular relationship to the nozzle, and a second smooth surface is disposed in an abutting parallel relationship with the first smooth surface, with a very small spacing existing between the two surfaces. An edge of the surfaces is disposed adjacent a propellant gas flowing through the gas nozzle, with the edge of the first surface being thin and jutting a short distance into the outlet of the gas nozzle. The edge of the second surface is set back from the edge of the first surface, thus defining a filming surface adjacent the edge of the first surface. A flowable liquid under pressure is directed to flow through the narrow space between the abutting first and second surfaces, toward the flow of propellant gas through the nozzle, and emit as a thin film on the filming surface on the first surface.

Abstract: An apparatus and method generates a stream of atomized fluid for applying a substantially uniform coating of atomized fluid to a surface, such as the application of a liquid flux coating to circuit boards. An ultrasonic atomizer discharges a conical spray pattern of atomized fluid, and an air horn discharges a stream of air intersecting the path of the atomized stream of fluid for entraining the atomized stream of fluid within the stream of air. Two air jets are located on either side of the ultrasonic atomizer relative to each other, and each discharges a low pressure jet of air in a direction substantially opposite to the direction of the other. Each jet of air in turn shears the conical spray pattern of atomized fluid into a respective plume of atomized fluid. The two plumes of atomized fluid are then entrained into the moving sheet of air discharged by the air horn, thus forming a substantially uniform linear dispersion of atomized fluid for coating a surface with the atomized fluid.

Abstract: A fluid activated valving apparatus for controlling a very high pressure liquid being adapted for serving as a focused jet liquid stream for use in cutting materials comprising an axially-aligned spindle located sealingly in a liquid delivery conduit adapted to introduce the high pressure liquid into a chamber. One or more bearings are disposed slidably about the free end of a spindle enclosed within the valve body, adapted for sealing engagement, and also to permit unstressed rotation of the spindle through a 360.degree. arc about the spindle longitudinal axis in response to torsional stresses being intermittently exerted on the exposed free end of the spindle.

Abstract: A fuel/air mixture device for a dual injection valve including a single-part element which is suitable for various fuel injection valves without further adjustment measures. The single part element includes an envelope bush portion in contact with the injection end of the fuel injection valve in the form of stop surfaces and, together with this injection end, forms a narrow air gap so that the air is accelerated to almost sonic velocity and the fuel sprayed from the fuel injection openings is finely atomized. The device is particularly suitable for injecting a fuel air mixture into the induction pipe of an internal combustion engine with externally induced ignition.

Abstract: A body, centrally bored, has a threaded inlet section which threadedly, and adjustably receives a through-bored nozzle. The nozzle has an inner end which intrudes into a transverse passage formed of two, communicating holes formed in the body. The holes ingest fluent material, and the nozzle is selectively locked in a given axial position, in the body, by an internally and externally threaded lock bushing. The bushing threadedly engages an end of the nozzle and is torqued up against the body to hold the nozzle in place.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for delivering metered and atomized quantities of liquid to an internal combustion engine wherein the liquid is metered in a T-shaped fitting having a liquid supply arm, an air arm which is perpendicular to the supply arm, and a delivery arm is aligned with the supply arm. Liquid is pumped from a liquid source to fill the supply and part of the delivery arm of the T-shaped fitting. A predetermined pulse of pressurized air is delivered to the air arm of the T-shaped fitting, transversely striking and severing the accumulated liquid in the delivery arm from the liquid in the supply arm to form a liquid slug. The pressurized air pulse forces the liquid slug out of the T-shaped fitting into an acceleration pipe, accelerates the liquid slug through the acceleration pipe, stores kinetic energy in the moving liquid slug, moves the liquid slug through a nozzle, atomizes the liquid slug, and cleans the nozzle and preconnected passages of residual liquid.

Abstract: A spray nozzle assembly particularly adapted for directing a finely atomized slurry of hydrated lime for removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases. The nozzle assembly includes a nozzle body having a first pre-atomizing and mixing chamber into which pressurized liquid and air flow streams are directed for breaking down and pre-atomizing the liquid, an orifice plate at the downstream end of the first pre-atomization and mixing chamber for restricting the fluid flow into a second chamber defined by the orifice plate and spray tip, and a spray tip having a plurality of circumferentially spaced discharge orifices through which atomized liquid particles in the second chamber discharge in a substantially conical cloud-like spray pattern of finely atomized particles.

Abstract: Novel cluster nozzle designs useful for the formation of atomized sprays of fine liquid droplets in a continuous gas phase are described. A plurality of individual gas-liquid mixing zones communicate with a common source of liquid and a common source of gas to form gas-liquid mixtures for spraying from individual orifices in the nozzle. An improved uniformity of spray pattern is attained, as well as the ability to effect a greater liquid output from the nozzle through the use of larger size or numbers of orifices, while retaining very uniform sprays, by effecting a degree of premixing of liquid and gas before passage to the individual gas-liquid mixing zones.

Abstract: During the operation of a pressure atomization nozzle, the liquid fuel spray cone from the nozzle (4) is mixed upstream of a first orifice (3) which is placed downstream of the nozzle (4) in the outflow direction with a gaseous medium (7). In this process, the said spray cone is struck radially and/or virtually radially by the gaseous medium (7). In the process, the original spray angle from the nozzle, which is about 40.degree., is reduced to less than half. For this purpose it is sufficient if the gaseous medium (7) has a pressure of 20 mbar. The new spray angle is preserved across the first orifice (3), a second orifice (2) being provided in the outflow direction if required, the said second orifice functioning on the same principle as the first, i.e. in the case of the second orifice too, the mixture already produced is struck radially and/or virtually radially by the remaining proportion of the gaseous medium which was not used at the first orifice (3).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a water/abrasive mixture for cutting and cleaning objects and for the precise removal of material. In a mixing chamber, an abrasive is introduced into a jet of water that is under high pressure and passes through the mixing chamber from an inlet to an outlet thereof. The abrasive is conveyed directly and precisely into the water jet in the mixing chamber along the shortest path.

Abstract: A marking system for indicating the boundaries of an area that has been treated includes a storage tank for storing the liquid and the foaming agent that is fluidically separated from a foam tube. A mixing control element fluidically connects a compressor to the foam tube and connects the storage tank to the foam tube whereby the ratios and parameters associated with the formation of the marking foam can be varied. The system includes two marking foam dispensing nozzels.

Abstract: A dripless spray nozzle for an intermittent or cyclical spraying operation providing a spray manifold having an inlet port for receiving a pumped material to be sprayed, such as pressurized lube oil, and an inlet port for receiving pressurized air, a mixing chamber for mixing the material and the air, an outlet for conveying the mixture to an attached spray nozzle for spraying an air/material mixture onto an object such as an air/lube oil mixture onto a wheel of a railroad transit car. The spray manifold further comprises a first check valve downstream of the mixing chamber, and a second check valve mounted in the material inlet port. The material to be sprayed is intermittently or cyclically pumped past the second check valve into the mixing chamber. Pressurized air mixes therein with the material and the mixture is sprayed past the first check valve. A reduction in pressure of the pumped material closes the second check valve.

Abstract: A device for application of a glue strip on a movable paper web by means of at least one glue sprayer for glue under pressure. The device incoporates a valve housing (12) for two diaphragm-magnetic valves (13, 14) or the like, the spring loaded rubber diaphragms (23, 24) of which are provided between one inlet chamber (19, 20) and one outlet channel (21, 22) each, intended for glue and for a rinsing liquid respectively. The outlet channels (21, 22) are interconnected and adapted to open into a common nozzle (31) with a fine outlet opening (32) located at some distance from the paper web (35). The piston (27, 28) of each magnetic valve (13, 14) acting upon the rubber diaphragm (23, 24) has a very short stroke.

Abstract: A superflow diffuser and spout assembly includes an inlet for carbonated water, an inlet for syrup, a diffuser assembly through which the carbonated water passes prior to being dispensed, a spout, a syrup distributor, and a flow separator within the path of the carbonated water. An embodiment herein includes a channel about the inner periphery of the spout wall to distribute syrup to holes passing through the wall of the spout. The syrup is thus mixed with the diluent flow outside of the spout.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming and selectively interrupting one or more fluid stream which is confined within an open channel. A transverse fluid stream is introduced into the channel at a point under the stream flowing within the channel. Introduction of the transverse stream at relatively low pressure is sufficient to cause the stream within the channel to leave the confines of the channel. If the channel is directed at a target, the method and apparatus will allow intermittent and selective interruption of a fluid stream flowing within the channel and directed at the target. The source of the transverse fluid stream has an arcuate or curved outlet portion to prevent fluid from the open channel from accumulating therein.

Abstract: A marking system for indicating the boundaries of an area that has been treated includes a storage tank for storing the liquid and the foaming agent that is fluidically separated from a foam tube. A mixing control element fluidically connects a compressor to the foam tube and connects the storage tank to the foam tube whereby the ratios and parameters associated with the formation of the marking foam can be varied. The system includes two marking foam dispensing nozzles.

Abstract: Novel nozzle designs useful for forming atomized sprays of fine liquid droplets in a continuous gas phase or fine gas bubbles in a continuous liquid phase, for a variety of purposes, are described. In one embodiment, the nozzle comprises a multiple number of orifices communicating with a single source of both liquid and gas, usually air, to spray in different directions away from the nozzle. In another embodiment, both gas and liquid feeds to the nozzle are effected at the same end, opposite to a single spray orifice or a multiple number of spray orifices. Also described are a plurality of designs for replaceable orifices.

Abstract: The smokeless ignitor of the present invention prevents visible emissions upon cold or hot start-up of coal-fired or oil-fired utility boilers. The smokeless ignitor satisfies flame stability and combustion requirements by establishing a flame with 15-30% mass recirculation rate, a recirculation zone length of 0.75-1.5 effective throat diameters, a spray SMD of less than 120 microns and a STU value of .+-.50% or less.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for reducing the concentration of pollutants in an effluent from the combustion of a fuel or waste material is presented. The process and apparatus enables injection of an effluent treatment fluid at low treatment fluid flow rates yet provides an even dispersion of treatment fluid within an effluent passage with little or no clogging. An atomization conduit, positioned coaxially within a treatment fluid supply conduit, extends into the effluent and supplies an atomization fluid, such as steam or air. A treatment fluid is supplied through a supply conduit and through at least one jet in the atomization conduit wall at a velocity of between 2-60 feet per second, causing atomization of the treatment fluid within the nozzle.

Abstract: Novel nozzle designs useful for forming atomized sprays of fine liquid droplets in a continous gas phase or fine gas bubbles in a continuous liquid phase, for a variety of purposes, are described. In one embodiment, the nozzle comprises a multiple number of orifices communicating with a single source of both liquid and gas, usually air, to spray in different directions away from the nozzle. In another embodiment, both gas and liquid feeds to the nozzle are effected at the same end, opposite to a single spray orifice or a multiple number of spray orifices. Also described are a plurality of designs for replaceable orifices.

Abstract: A spray nozzle assembly including a hollow nozzle body having an air inlet orifice through which a pressurized air stream is directed into the body, a liquid inlet orifice through which a pressurized liquid flow stream is directed into the body, an impingement member disposed within the body for breaking up the liquid and air flow streams and preatomizing the liquid, and a nozzle tip mounted at the discharge end of the body defining a discharge orifice. The nozzle tip is formed with a deflector flange downstream of the discharge orifice in transverse relation to the direction of travel of the preatomized liquid passing through the discharge orifice and the deflector flange is formed with a cup shaped recess in axial alignment with the discharge orifice into which the preatomized liquid is directed from the discharge orifice for causing further breakdown and atomization of the liquid which is thereupon directed by the deflector flange transversely in a substantially flat spray pattern.

Abstract: A two-material atomizing nozzle to produce a solid cone jet with a jet angle larger than 45.degree. comprises a nozzle unit with a first duct coaxial with the nozzle discharge and receiving a gaseous medium (for instance air) and a liquid medium (for instance water), a second duct orthogonal to the first duct and issuing into it serving to supply the liquid medium. To supply the gaseous medium, the nozzle unit comprises a third duct issuing into the first duct at the level of the second duct and being orthogonal or essentially orthogonal to both. A recoil bottom is provided for the premixed two-material mixture in the first duct and comprises communication apertures to an annular duct coaxial with and preceding the nozzle discharge into which it merges. The nozzle discharge also is in the shape of an annular duct, however its external boundary is flaring.

Abstract: An abrasive jet-forming nozzle assembly is disclosed for use in a waterjet cutting system. The nozzle assembly includes a jet-forming orifice for producing a high velocity jet from a highly pressurized water upstream of the orifice, and a discharge tube downstream of the orifice for permitting abrasive particles to become entrained in the jet, and for discharging the abrasive-laden jet against a workpiece. The discharge tube is pivotably movable into alignment with the orifice.

Abstract: An air assisted spray nozzle having a nozzle body formed with an elongated mixing and atomizing chamber having an air inlet orifice communicating with one end of the chamber, a liquid inlet orifice communicating with a side of the chamber, and a nozzle tip having a discharge orifice located at the end of the chamber opposite the air inlet orifice. Transversely directed stream of pressurized air and liquid enter and converge in the mixing and atomization chamber of the nozzle body causing preliminary atomization of the liquid, which is thereupon directed under the force of the high velocity air stream out the discharge orifice and against a deflector flange of the nozzle tip which further atomizes the liquid and directs it into a well-defined flat fan spray pattern with substantially uniform liquid particle size.

Abstract: An aspirating foamer having a water inlet path to admit water into the nozzle assembly, two diametrically opposed foaming material inlet paths perpendicular to the water inlet path, and a conical conduit wherein the pressurized water and foaming materials mix and are allowed to expand; and an air inlet valve at the exiting end of the conical conduit for admitting air; and an exiting path for the foam. In one foamer (2) the conical conduit has an outwardly tapered angle of approximately 5 degrees (from centerline) initially with an immediate increase to an outwardly tapered angle of about 7 degrees in the second half of the conical conduit. In another embodiment foamer (102) according to the invention the conical conduit has an initial taper of 21/2 degrees followed by a 15 degree diffusion angle and then a 7 degree angle.

Abstract: An atomizer including a fuel supply passage for supplying a fuel, an atomizing medium supply passage for supplying an atomizing medium which is to be mixed with the fuel, a mixing chamber in communication with the fuel supply passage and the atomizing medium supply passage, and spray ports for spraying the fluid mixture consisting of the fuel and the atomizing medium from the mixing chamber. The fuel supply passage and the atomizing medium supply passages are communicated with the mixing chamber through a pre-mixing chamber having an annular cross-section defined by a large-diameter cylindrical surface and a small-diameter cylindrical surface. The fuel and the atomizing medium supplied from the fuel supply passage and the atomizing medium supply passage are pre-mixed the pre-mixing chamber. With this arrangement, it is possible to efficiently mix a slurry fuel and an atomizing medium, thus reducing the particle size of the atomized fuel particles and shortening the flame length.

Abstract: A nebulizer for generating aerosol having small droplet sizes and high efficiency at low sample introduction rates. The nebulizer has a cylindrical gas permeable active surface. A sleeve is disposed around the cylinder and gas is provided from the sleeve to the interior of the cylinder formed by the active surface. In operation, a liquid is provided to the inside of the gas permeable surface. The gas contacts the wetted surface and forms small bubbles which burst to form an aerosol. Those bubbles which are large are carried by momentum to another part of the cylinder where they are renebulized. This process continues until the entire sample is nebulized into aerosol sized droplets.

Abstract: Generator for producing aerosols from liquids including an atomizer mounted in a vessel which is provided with an aerosol outlet. The outlet of the vessel is connected to an ejector operated by a gaseous driving agent. The atomizer is assembled from a plurality of vertically spaced rings with annular liquid outlets, a supply of compressed gas is discharged across the outlets causing the liquid to be drawn upwardly through the outlets.

Abstract: An improved carbon black burner for producing a carbon black with reduced grit content wherein feedstock oil is introduced radially into an atomizing fluid conduit through ports located proximate the discharge orifice of the burner.

Abstract: This invention relates to a nozzle assembly used to atomize liquids within air, particularly useful for coating die surfaces with die release lubricants. The atomizing nozzle includes an internal poppet valve element which is operated to control the flow of lubricant in response to a control air pressure signal. Blow air is initially transmitted to a pre-atomization area where some air is introduced in the lubricant which is thereafter introduced into the main blow air stream. This pre-atomization function has been found to enable fine atomization at low flow rates of lubricant. The pre-atomization bore further enables the device to be self-cleaning by clearing out the lubricant passage. Fine control over lubricant flow rate is provided by an elliptical shaped orifice which is closed off by the end of the poppet valve element.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel reactor is formed from a plurality of concentric casings which form a primary air chamber, a secondary air chamber, a combustion chamber, a gas distribution chamber, and a tertiary air chamber. The flow of gas and air through the various chambers interact to provide controlled flame characteristics. Additionally, the flame is maintained at a lower temperature to avoid the formation of pollutants.

Abstract: Apparatus for the mixing of gas bubbles into fiber suspensions in order to remove impurities from the fiber suspension by means of flotation is disclosed, including an inlet, an outlet including diverging upper and lower walls, an intermediate mixing section including upper and lower wall surfaces and a wing suspended between them in order to create upper and lower passages in the intermediate mixing section, the wing including an initial diverging portion, a central portion and a subsequent converging portion so that the central portion has a maximum thickness corresponding to the minimum transverse dimension for the upper and lower passages, the converging portion of the wing corresponding with the diverging upper and lower wall portions of the outlet so that the upper and lower passages diverge substantially symmetrically in the direction of flow, and an aperture for injecting a gas such as air at a location corresponding to the central portion of the wing.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for pneumatically discharging hydromechanically conveyed hydraulic building material for underground operations, in which compressed air is supplied to the wet building material, pumped in a dense stream, in front of a mouth piece serving the discharge thereof and having in particular a nozzle shape, the compressed air being gunned out together with the building material, the invention provides for the dense stream of the pumped building material to be supplied to the compressed air supplied in a stream, sealed off from the outside air by the wet building material, and thereby be distributed in the compressed air stream and conveyed with the latter to the mouth piece to be discharged therefrom.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for applying an active ingredient as an aerosol. A transducer (22) for creating an aerosol includes a propellant inlet (96) and a chamber defined by at least one chamber wall (128) confluent with the propellant inlet. A bluff body (112) is provided for creating at least one vortex (152) in the chamber when the propellant enters the propellant inlet in a supersonic flow condition. An orifice (118, 146) spaced apart from the bluff body and separated therefrom by the chamber wall is provided for creating an exiting vortex (154).

Abstract: An atomizer (10) for a liquid has an air supply tube (20). Liquid supply tubes (26, 28) extend longitudinally along the air supply tube (20). The air supply tube (b 20) has at least one air orifice (22) extending from an inner surface (24) of the tube (20) through the tube. The liquid supply tubes (26, 28) are positioned on either side of the air orifices (22) and the liquid tubes are sealed to the air supply tube. The liquid supply tubes (26, 28) with facing liquid orifices (30) are positioned adjacent each of the air orifices 22. The liquid supply tubes (26, 28) are laterally spaced apart at the liquid orifices (30) a distance less than the diameter of the air orifices (22) to enable a beneficial venturi effect when the atomizer is in operation.

Abstract: A monodisperse aerosol generator forms a stable jet of liquid at a velocity allowing columnar breakup into droplets of uniform size and spacing. To prevent degradation of the monodisperse aerosol, it is dispersed by entrainment in a high velocity gaseous stream. To provide an interface for direct injection into a mass spectrometer or to interface a liquid chromatograph with a mass spectrometer, the generator is followed by a desolvation chamber operating at about atmospheric pressure and a multistage pressure reducer which evacuates solvent vapor and gaseous medium to form a high momentum, solvent-depleted solute aerosol beam which is input into the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A spray nozzle has a tubular body, an orifice plate, a tubular nozzle, and a nut for fastening the tubular body, the orifice plate, and the tubular nozzle together. The tubular nozzle is formed at its outer tip with a hole in the shape of an ellipse with a major axis and a minor axis. Inner walls of the tubular nozzle along the minor axis of the ellipse-shaped hole are straight along the entire length of the tubular nozzle and only the inner walls of the tubular nozzle along the major axis of the ellipse-shaped hole are tapered at the outer tip of the tubular nozzle.

Abstract: An improved shower head dispenser for selectively dispensing and mixing liquid additives with shower water. The shower head dispenser comprises a body having a water inlet connected to a source of water under pressure and having an outlet. The body also defines an inlet chamber communicating with the inlet and a small diameter passage connects the inlet chamber with the outlet. One or more liquid additives are contained in separate bottles or containers and each container is connected through a supply line to a manually operated valve. The valve selectively connects each supply line with an aspirating conduit which communicates with the passage in the body. The body also includes a series of the larger outer passages which connect the inlet chamber and the outlet and are located around the first passage. The flow of water through the first passage creates an aspirating action to draw the liquid additive from the desired container and mix the additive with the water which is then dispensed through the outlet.

Abstract: A tapered body having a hollow conical interior is provided with a central recess and an annular groove spaced outside the recess. The body has a number of jet ports opening on the tapered outer peripheral surface between the central recess and the annular groove. A first set of slots extending respectively between the jet ports and the central recess is provided as is a second set of grooves extending between said jet ports and said annular groove. A tapered flow divider is adapted to fit within said body to define therewith a mixing chamber. The flow divider has means for supplying fuel and a gaseous media to the mixing chamber and holes for feeding the mixture of fuel and gaseous media to the jet ports via the central recess and the annular groove and the first and second grooves.

Abstract: A snow-making machine is disclosed which includes a first group of air-water snow-making nozzles and a second group of airless, water atomizing nozzles. A distributional air fan is driven by a water turbine. Water for the air-water snow-making nozzles is derived from the outlet side of the turbine, while water for the airless nozzles is derived from the intake side of the turbine. A novel construction of air-water manifold ring and air-water nozzles associated therewith is also described. The construction provides a high efficiency, low cost, lightweight snow-making unit, ideally suited for ski area snow-making operations.

Abstract: An improved spray nozzle assembly particularly adopted for use in continuous casting apparatus and the like utilizing an atomized mixture of pressurized water and air as the cooling medium. The nozzle assembly is adapted to be interposed between the rolls of the casting apparatus and to deliver a cooling spray in the form of a fine mist distributed uniformly over a predetermined area of the ingot or slab. The assembly includes a specially formed mixing nozzle and discharging nozzle tip having turbulence generating shoulders, a transverse mixing chamber, and specially formed discharge orifice controlling the shape of the spray pattern and the uniformity of coolant distribution within that pattern.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for delivering liquid are disclosed for use in fuel burners or atomizers of the type which comprise a hollow atomizer bulb having a convex exterior surface which tapers toward a small aperture through which high pressure gas if forced to atomize liquid as it flows in a thin film over the bulb. To provide thinner films when lower atomization rates are desired and thicker films when higher atomization rates are desired, a feed tube is positioned above the atomizer bulb with its discharge opening oriented so that the vertical distance from its front edge to the surface of the bulb is from 1.5 to 2.0 times the vertical distance of its rear edge to the surface of the bulb. In another embodiment the discharge opening of the feed tube is elongated and has a major axis oriented transversely to the axis of the spray leaving the aperture.

Abstract: At least two exhaust holes are formed in an atomizing nozzle of an apparatus for spraying an air-water mist for cooling which is used in continuous metal casting. The respective spraying mist streams from the exhaust holes cross each other before they reach the surface of a cast strand and are diffused forwardly due to the influence of the kinetic energy which is directed in the spraying direction after they crossed, so that they sufficiently enter the region between the surfaces of guide rollers and cast strand, thereby directly spraying the air-water mist over almost the entire region of the surface of the cast strand. In addition, a header is disposed in parallel to the guide rollers and a plurality of water branching pipes are attached in line to the header in the longitudinal direction thereof. The inner diameter of these water branching pipes are set to be sequentially smaller toward the lower stage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for coating a substrate such as glass with a powder such as a compound that can be decomposed by heat. The method comprises the steps of forming a sheet of powder suspended in a gas moving toward the substrate to be coated, homogenizing the mixture of powder and gas by creating turbulences in it, and accelerating the sheet in the direction of the substrate with flowing gas having greater velocity than that of the sheet. This method and the apparatus which implements it are particularly useful in the manufacture of glass coated with a film such as metal oxide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus rapidly cools hot material of any shape without inducing distortion-causing temperature gradients between thick and thin sections. Water spray guns mounted on an enclosure surrounding the hot material launch drops of water towards the surface with sufficient speed to penetrate the vapor leaving the surface, but with insufficient flow rate to form a blanket of water thereon, to establish a turbulent mixture of water drops and vapor in equilibrium at the water boiling point temperature of 212.degree. F. Turbulent heat transfer to the vapor and evaporation of drops maintain the surfaces of the enclosure and the hot material at 212.degree. F. to cool the inner core of the hot material to 212.degree. F. by conducting heat to its surface. Irregularly shaped objects are cooled by setting each gun water spray rate to be proportional to the thickness of material where its jet strikes or by directing air at thinner locations to minimize temperature gradients within the material.

Abstract: Apparatus particularly suited for use in mixing ammonia gas with hard water is disclosed. The apparatus includes an ejector assembly having a throat with a flexible tubular liner which is periodically flexed inwardly to loosen any solid matter which may have formed on the inside of the liner. The liner is flexed by a three-way valve connected to the water supply line and controlled by timers and a pressure switch. If desired, a similarly-lined tubular extension may be mounted downstream of the throat and flexed periodically to loosen any matter deposited therein. An orifice may be mounted in a diaphragm upstream of the throat to move in response to liner flexure for limiting solid matter accumulation adjacent the throat inlet.

Abstract: An exhaust hole is formed in an exhaust side wall of a mist atomizing nozzle of an apparatus for spraying the mist for cooling for and is used in continuous metal casting. An introduction inlet is provided in an introducing side wall on the side opposite the exhaust side wall at the height position different from that of the exhaust hole. An air-water mixture supply pipe is attached to the introduction inlet to communicate therewith. The air-water mixture of relatively large water droplets is formed and is introduced into the mist atomizing nozzle by that air-water mixture supply pipe. After the air-water mixture repeatedly collides in the mist atomizing nozzle, the large water droplets are made fine and are sequentially exhausted from the exhaust hole by being pressed by the supply pressure from the rear side.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for coating a substrate such as glass with a powder such as a compound that an be decomposed by heat. The method comprises the steps of forming a sheet of powder suspended in a gas and moving toward the substrate to be coated, homogenizing the mixture of powder and gas by creating turbulences in it, surrounding the sheet with flowing gas having the same velocity as the sheet itself, and accelerating the sheet in the direction of the substrate. This method and the apparatus which implements it are particularly useful in the manufacture of glass coated with a film such as metal oxide.

Abstract: Apparatus for nebulizing particulate laden undiluted oil samples of varying iscosities suitable for subsequent analysis utilizing atomic spectroscopic principles. Undiluted samples of varying viscosity are heated as they are fed through an inlet tube where the heated oil is fed into a channel groove and brought into contact with a nebulizing gas introduced through an orifice intersecting the channeled groove in which the oil flows.