Abstract: A sensor assembly for use within a flow conduit, the flow conduit configured to receive a treated exhaust of an exhaust treatment system of a work vehicle, includes an exhaust sensor positioned within the flow conduit between the upstream and downstream ends. Moreover, the exhaust sensor is configured to detect an amount of an emission gas present in the treated exhaust. The sensor assembly further includes a sensor shield positioned within the flow conduit upstream of the exhaust sensor. The sensor shield includes a hub and a plurality of flow divider beams extending from the hub. Additionally, the sensor shield creates a wake area downstream of the hub within which a turbulent exhaust flow is generated as the treated exhaust is directed past the sensor shield. Furthermore, the exhaust sensor is configured to receive the turbulent exhaust flow from the wake area.

Abstract: A multi-cone, multi-stage spray nozzle includes a nozzle body, a valve stem with a first valve head, and a second valve head attached to the first valve head. The first valve stem is biased into a closed position against a valve seat of the nozzle body by a bias device. The second valve head is continuously open. Upon the application of a first fluid pressure, which is less than a threshold fluid pressure, the bias device maintains the valve stem in the closed position while the second valve head is continuously open. And upon the application of a second fluid pressure, which is at least as great as the threshold fluid pressure, the valve stem moves to an open position while the second valve head remains continuously open.

Abstract: A multi-cone, multi-stage spray nozzle includes a nozzle body and outer and inner valve stems. The nozzle body defines an outer valve seat disposed at its distal end. The outer valve stem is slidably disposed in the nozzle body. The inner valve stem is slidably disposed in the outer valve stem. The inner valve stem occupies an open position and the outer valve stem occupies a closed position upon the application of a first pressure on the distal ends of the inner and outer valve stems. And, the inner and outer valve stems both occupy open positions upon the application of a second pressure that is greater than the first pressure on the distal ends of the inner and outer valve stems.

Abstract: Provided is a device used in the air induction tube of an internal combustion engine after the air filter and before the throttle body, and in particular to a device used to separate an air flow into a plurality of segments. The device can be made of two pieces. Each piece is initially a flat plate. A slit is formed half way through each plate and the corners are cut off or clipped. Each plate is then formed to have two generally curved portions. The pieces are joined via the slits resulting in the device. The pieces are generally perpendicular to each other at their intersection. The device is fitted into the air induction tube upstream of the throttle body, whereby it separates the air flow into distinct segments. The curved walls can be slightly compressed when inserted into an induction tube to hold the assembly in place.

Abstract: A fuel injector having a body with a bore, which defines a fuel manifold. The injector also has a variable-area injector arrangement having a pintle with a conical head and a pintle spring connected to the body. The pintle spring urges a tip of the pintle to seal against an exit orifice of the body, such that application of pressurized fuel within the body causes the pintle to move. Above some threshold pressure, the pressurized fuel causes the conical head to move out of contact with the exit orifice of the body. This, in turn, provides a corresponding variable area for passage of the pressurized fuel through the exit orifice about the conical head of the pintle. The injector further includes a swirler configured to create a swirling action in the flow of pressurized fuel through the fuel manifold, wherein the manifold is upstream of the exit orifice.

Abstract: The invention discloses a cap of spray mineral water bottle, including cap body, spray means and water locking means. This cap of spray mineral water is used with resilient mineral water bottle body to form a multifunctional spray mineral water bottle, which can ensure normal drinking of mineral water as well as carry out spray drinking of water by means of squeezing the bottle body to transform bottle body and increase the pressure inside the bottle, thus making water to enter inlet from the outlet of water locking means on the cap, and to enter the atomizing channel through the water channel, finally to be sprayed from the spray aperture. Furthermore, in the open air or in the dusty and hot environment, you can place the mineral water bottle upside down, put the nozzle to face your body or surrounding, and squeeze the bottle body to spray, thus reducing surrounding temperature, as well as subsiding dust by combining dust and spray to make you feel cool, fresh and comfortable.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve realizing improved circumferential uniformity of swirling fuel is provided. The fuel injection valve includes a swirling chamber having an inner peripheral wall whose curvature is gradually larger from upstream to downstream, a path for swirling which, having a fuel flow-in region formed along a valve axis direction, guides fuel to the swirling chamber, and a fuel injection orifice open into the swirling chamber. In the fuel injection valve, the path for swirling is inclined toward the fuel injection orifice formed on a downstream side of the swirling chamber.

Abstract: A burner includes a cylindrical tube that terminates in a burner discharge end. An annular disk, affixed to the discharge end, defines a hole. An oxidizer intake delivers oxidizer into the tube. A fuel nozzle delivers fuel into the tube. A cylindrical slotted member has an interrupted outer surface and is disposed within a portion of the tube. The slotted member is affixed to the annular disk and defines an interior void that opens to the hole. The tube and the slotted member define an annular passage therebetween. Elongated slots pass through the outer surface of the slotted member, each directed along a different non-diametrical chord of the slotted member. The elongated slots direct a gaseous stream into the interior void so as to impart both an inwardly-directed radial velocity component and a tangential velocity component to the gaseous stream.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sonic device (and a method) for enhancing a process involving a solid object and a gas, where the gas surrounds the object or at least is in contact with a surface of the object, the device comprising sonic means for applying a high intensity sound or ultrasound to at least the surface object, wherein the high intensity sound or ultrasound, during use of the sonic device, is applied directly in the gas that is also the medium through which the high intensity sound or ultrasound propagates to the surface of the object, whereby a laminar sub-layer at the surface of the object is reduced and/or minimized. The reduction of the laminar sub-layer provides increased heat transfer efficiency and/or increased catalytic speed and/or increased gas exchange.

Abstract: A simple, compact construction and easy manufacture of a swirl nozzle having a plurality of inlet channels and an outlet channel extending transversely thereto are made possible by the fact that the inlet channels open directly and/or tangentially into the outlet channel. Alternatively or additionally, upstream of the inlet channels is provided a filter structure having smaller flow cross-sections than the inlet channels. The swirl nozzle is used, in particular, for atomizing a liquid medicament formulation. The swirl nozzle is produced from two plate-shaped components, the outlet channel first being etched as a blind bore in one component and then opened up by grinding the component away. Alternatively or additionally, the outlet channel is formed in a different component from the inlet channels.

Abstract: A swirler for swirling fluid in a nozzle has a swirler body. The swirler body defines an inlet end, an outlet end opposed to the inlet end, and a circumferential periphery. The circumferential periphery extends axially from the inlet end to the outlet end. The outlet end defines a first swirl chamber. The inlet end defines a second swirl chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve includes: a swirl chamber having an inner peripheral wall formed to be gradually increased in curvature toward a downstream side from an upstream side; a swirl passage, through which a fuel is introduced into the swirl chamber; and a fuel injection port opened to the swirl chamber, wherein the swirl chamber and the swirl passage are formed so that a side wall of the swirl passage connected to a downstream end side of the swirl chamber, or an extension thereof is made not to intersect a downstream side portion of the inner peripheral wall of the swirl chamber, or an extension thereof,

Abstract: A sectional control apparatus and method prompts the operator of an implement when the implement, or portion thereof, is traversing over land that has already been seeded and/or disturbed. The apparatus includes a GPS or GNSS receiver that communicates with a GPS or GNSS system and a controller that maps movement of the implement so that real-time positional data for the implement can be compared to the movement map. When the position of the implement, or portion thereof, is detected as moving over previously seeded and/or disturbed land, the controller activates an alert mechanism in the operator cab of the implement to notify the operator that sectional control, i.e., shutting down metering of product or raising the tool bar, needs to be implemented.

Abstract: A sectional control apparatus and method prompts the operator of an implement when the implement, or portion thereof, is traversing over land that has already been seeded and/or disturbed. The apparatus includes a GPS or GNSS receiver that communicates with a GPS or GNSS system and a controller that maps movement of the implement so that real-time positional data for the implement can be compared to the movement map. When the position of the implement, or portion thereof, is detected as moving over previously seeded and/or disturbed land, the controller activates an alert mechanism in the operator cab of the implement to notify the operator that sectional control, i.e., shutting down metering of product or raising the tool bar, needs to be implemented.

Abstract: A nozzle for a fuel injector, in particular for a gas-turbine engine, is provided comprising a planar conductive electrode with a sharp edge forming an aperture, an upper insulation layer above the electrode and a lower insulation layer below the electrode, both insulation layers having apertures, and a swirler arrangement for creating a swirling action in liquid fuel introduced into the nozzle. The axis of swirl is generally perpendicular to the plane of the electrode. In use, the swirling fuel passes through the aperture of the lower insulation layer, the aperture of the conductive electrode and the aperture of the upper insulation layer. As the fuel passes through the aperture of the electrode, the electrode charges the swirling fuel, so that the nozzle supplies charged droplets of atomized fuel from an outlet orifice. The swirler arrangement may be a radial or axial swirler arrangement.

Abstract: A nozzle includes a center body that defines an axial centerline and a shroud circumferentially surrounding at least a portion of the center body to define an annular passage between the center body and the shroud. A plurality of vanes between the center body and the shroud comprise a radially outward portion separated from the shroud. A method for enhancing flow through a nozzle includes flowing a fuel through a center body and flowing a fluid stream across a vane located between the center body and a shroud surrounding at least a portion of the center body. The method further includes flowing the fluid stream between a radially outward portion of the vane and the shroud, wherein the radially outward portion of the vane is separated from the shroud.

Abstract: The present invention is provided with an outlet mechanism with pulsing and rotating water effect, wherein comprising a body and a water processor, the body is disposed with an inlet end and an outlet end, a waterway connected to the inlet end and the outlet end is disposed inside the body, the waterway is disposed with a first cavity, the first cavity is disposed with an inlet hole connected to the inlet end, the section area of the inlet hole is smaller than the discharge area of the first cavity; the water processor is disposed with a corkscrew waterway, which is connected to the inlet end and the outlet end. The outlet mechanism is with simple structure, and it needs less components to be fitting to industrial production.

Abstract: Disclosed is a combustor including a baffle plate having at least one through baffle hole and at least one fuel nozzle extending through the at least one through baffle hole. At least one diluent shroud is affixed to the at least one baffle plate and is configured to guide a diluent flow toward a mixing chamber of the at least one fuel nozzle. Further disclosed is a method for introducing a diluent flow into a mixing chamber of a fuel nozzle including urging the diluent flow from a plenum through a baffle plate gap between a baffle plate and an outer surface of the fuel nozzle. The diluent flow is directed via at least one diluent shroud extending from the baffle plate toward a plurality of air swirler holes extending through a fuel nozzle tip. The diluent flow is flowed through the plurality of air swirler holes into the mixing chamber.

Abstract: A combustor nozzle includes a fuel supply in fluid communication with a fuel passage that terminates at a fuel outlet. An oxidant supply is in fluid communication with an oxidant passage radially displaced from the fuel passage and that terminates at an oxidant outlet radially displaced from the fuel outlet. A diluent passage radially displaced from the fuel passage and the oxidant passage terminates at a diluent outlet disposed between the fuel outlet and the oxidant outlet. A method for supplying fuel to a combustor includes flowing the fuel through a fuel outlet and flowing an oxidant through an oxidant outlet radially displaced from the fuel outlet. The method further includes flowing a diluent through a diluent outlet radially disposed between the fuel outlet and the oxidant outlet.

Abstract: There is provided a fuel injection valve, in which uniformity in swirl intensity in a peripheral direction of a swirl fuel is heightened. A fuel injection valve comprises a valve element 3 and a valve seat 10, which cooperate to open and close a fuel passage to perform injection of a fuel and stoppage of injection, a nozzle body 4 having the valve seat 10, a swirl passage 21 provided downstream of a seat portion 10a, on which the valve element 3 and the valve seat 10 contact with each other, and a swirl chamber 22, to which the swirl passage 21 and a fuel injection port 23 are connected, and a recess (buffer) 24 for enlargement of the swirl chamber 22 in volume is provided on a wall surface portion 4a of the swirl chamber 22 opposed to the fuel injection port 23.

Abstract: This patent application relates to a burner which includes a burner head in the shape of a sleeve, under the burner head is connected with a ring gas-separating box, and in the space between the burner head and the gas-separating box there is a cylinder mixing box to mix the air and gas. Said gas-separating box has a independent center hole to bring in the air and gas inlets to bring in the gas. Several notches which are equispaced with each other and slant upwardly are set on the cylinder surface of the mixing box, while on the surface of the notches are positioned connecting holes to let the air out. Such a structure promotes the mixing process more fully of the dispersed gas and air in the slant upward notches, and the mixed flow rotates upwardly to reach the flame hole as a inversed cone frustum. Due to the full mixing of the gas and air and upward rotation of the mixed flow, the flame will burn more completely and be uneasy to be extinguished.

Abstract: A spray head for a power sprayer configured to generate a continuous sheet-like water shield around a center stream of water is disclosed. A water delivery device for use with a sink is disclosed, the water delivery device may produce a stream of water surrounded by a continuous shield of water.

Abstract: An ultrasonic liquid treatment chamber has an elongate housing through which liquid flows longitudinally from an inlet port to an outlet port thereof. An elongate ultrasonic waveguide assembly extends within the housing and is operable at a predetermined ultrasonic frequency to ultrasonically energize liquid within the housing. An elongate ultrasonic horn of the waveguide assembly is disposed at least in part intermediate the inlet and outlet ports, and has a plurality of discrete agitating members in contact with and extending transversely outward from the horn intermediate the inlet and outlet ports in longitudinally spaced relationship with each other. The horn and agitating members are constructed and arranged for dynamic motion of the agitating members relative to the horn at the predetermined frequency and to operate in an ultrasonic cavitation mode of the agitating members corresponding to the predetermined frequency and the liquid being treated in the chamber.

Abstract: A spray device includes an opening gap between a needle-shaped needle tip and a first nozzle hole. The gap is adjusted by a very tiny amount by a needle movement amount adjustment device, and liquid oozes from the first nozzle hole along the needle tip part. The liquid is formed into tiny particles by a first atomization compressed gas flowing through the first atomization compressed gas passage and is exhausted from a second nozzle hole. The exhaust flow passes through a third nozzle hole and is exhausted. The third nozzle's second atomization/eddy flow formation compressed gas collides with this exhaust flow, so the exhaust flow is made into even smaller particles, and swirls and disperses, and is applied to the coated object.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for laterally deflecting and/or separating a flow of particles using a static array of optical tweezers. In an array of optical tweezers with a lattice constant larger than the size of a particle of interest, particles driven past the array by an external force experience an additional interaction with the array of traps. By altering the angle of the array of traps relative to the external force, the particles' movement from trap to trap inside the array can be biased away from the direction of the external force, thereby enabling selective deflection and/or separation of particles.

Abstract: A fluid discharge pipe structure comprises a cylindrical body, an inlet side connection member having a through hole formed in one end part of the cylindrical body, an outlet side connection member having a through hole formed in another end part of the cylindrical body, a spiral blade body having spiral blades on an outer circumference thereof and provided close to the inlet side connection member of the cylindrical body, and a flip-flop phenomenon generating shaft body provided close to the outlet side connection member of the cylindrical body.

Abstract: A liquid atomizer comprising a housing fitted with an inlet for connecting to a liquid supply line and a cavity being in flow communication with the inlet and having a longitudinal axis. The housing has one or more outlet nozzles for emitting atomized liquid. A vortex generating member is received within the housing and is formed with at lest one vortex generating path generates a liquid vortex about an axis transversally extending relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing and extending opposite a respective outlet nozzle. Each of the vortex generating paths is in flow communication with the cavity and extends opposite a respective outlet nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel injector, for example, for direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having a valve-closure member, which forms a sealing seat together with a valve-seat surface constructed on a valve-seat member, and having a swirl disk with fuel passages, the swirl disk being constructed from a plurality of swirl elements, each of the swirl elements having the same number of fuel passages. The swirl elements are offset with respect to one another, so that the fuel passages at least partially overlap.

Abstract: As with most burners and combustors, they utilize fuel and air mixtures. One of the important aspects of burning an air-fuel mixture is that of mixing. Ideally, the fuel should be uniformly distributed throughout the air when ignited. This results in the most complete burn, maximizing beat generation while minimizing unburned and incomplete-combustion products. This disclosure describes an apparatus for enhancing mixing of fuel and air. Combustion air is given a prerotation by passing it through a set of fins before the fuel is injected into the air. Then the mixture is passed through another set of fins, rotating the mixture in a direction opposite that which the air experienced, first.

Abstract: A liquid atomizer comprising a housing fitted with an inlet for connecting to a liquid supply line and a cavity being in flow communication with the inlet and having a longitudinal axis. The housing has one or more outlet nozzles for emitting atomized liquid. A vortex generating member is received within the housing and is formed with at lest one vortex generating path generates a liquid vortex about an axis transversally extending relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing and extending opposite a respective outlet nozzle. Each of the vortex generating paths is in flow communication with the cavity and extends opposite a respective outlet nozzle.

Abstract: A nozzle 10 for a fuel injector assembly 12. Nozzle 10 includes several integrally formed ports 36 and chambers 38. Chambers 38 receive fuel from ports 36 and are effective to cause the received fuel to swirl and/or spiral through discharge holes 44, thereby causing the fuel to be finely and quickly atomized.

Abstract: A laminated fuel swirl element is employed, in which a strong swirl force flow is imparted to the fuel at a remote position relative to an injection hole, while on the other hand, at a position near the fuel injection hole, a weak swirl force is imparted to the fuel. A complex solid cone spray can be obtained in this way, which spray has a superior dispersion characteristic obtained by attracting small diameter droplets, which are generated at an outer peripheral portion of the spray, through a spray portion which is generated in the vicinity of a central area of the spray and has a large velocity.

Abstract: A laminated structure fuel swirl element is employed, in which a strong swirl force flow is imparted to the fuel at a remote side against an injection hole and on the other hand, at a near side of the fuel injection hole, a weak swirl force is imparted to the fuel. A complex solid cone spray can be obtained, such a spray has a superior a dispersion characteristic by attracting small diameter droplets which are generated at an outer peripheral portion of the spray through a spray which is generated at a vicinity of a central portion of the spray and has a large velocity.

Abstract: A laminated fuel swirl element is employed, in which a strong swirl force flow is imparted to the fuel at a remote position relative to an injection hole, while on the other hand, at a position near the fuel injection hole, a weak swirl force is imparted to the fuel. A complex solid cone spray can be obtained in this way, which spray has a superior dispersion characteristic obtained by attracting small diameter droplets, which are generated at an outer peripheral portion of the spray, through a spray portion which is generated in the vicinity of a central area of the spray and has a large velocity.

Abstract: A valve includes a swirl-inducing arrangement positioned downstream from a valve seat. The swirl-inducing arrangement is shaped so that at least two radially offset and oppositely directed flows can be induced in a fluid to be sprayed. Swirl-induced shearing forces that cause turbulence occur in the boundary areas of the flow components having different directions. A uniform and extremely fine atomization of the fluid, specifically a fuel, is possible with this valve without any additional energy input. The valve is especially suitable for use in fuel injection.

Abstract: A laminated array of pressure swirl atomizers forms spray plate that produces a fine mist or spray of liquid. The atomizers may be arrayed in a custom manner that may be made application specific for greater efficiency. The spray plate is typically formed of a plurality of laminated plates. In a preferred embodiment, a plate adjacent to a fluid reservoir provides an array of aperture sets, each aperture set having two or three apertures that allow liquid to pass from the pressurized reservoir through the first layer. The second plate provides a corresponding array of swirlers, each swirler providing at least two swirl feed ports to tangentially project liquid into the swirl chambers contained in a third plate. A fourth plate provides a corresponding array of discharge apertures, which release the liquid in an atomized state.

Abstract: A system for aerating substantial bodies of water which includes a cavitating mixer-injector to inject air into a stream passing through the injector, the mixer-injector having twisting and straightening vanes in a respective conveying and an expanding portion, a nozzle with twisting vanes in a constricting portion, and a conduit connecting the outlet of the mixer-injection to the inlet of the nozzle. The conduit preferably provides dwell time for a suitable amount of injected air to dissolve in the stream before entering the nozzle.

Abstract: A low-flow stator (4), used upstream of a rotor (27) of a tank cleaning machine, includes a body (6) having a plurality of generally helical passageways (38) extending from a front surface (10) of the body to a rear surface (12) of the body. Each passageway has an entrance (40) and an exit (42), the exit being completely circumferentially offset from its corresponding entrance.

Abstract: A nozzle sleeve (1) contains supply channels (2), feeding channels (3, 5, 22, 24), concentric channels (4, 6), tangential channels (8) and a ring-shaped channel (7), as well as a core (13) which covers the various channels, so hermetically that they form ducts into which a liquid flows and is pushed in a predetermined direction of rotation into the large concentric channel (4), then flows in the opposite direction of rotation into the small concentric channel (6) and finally flows once again in the predetermined direction of rotation through the feeding channels (5) and reaches a ring-shaped channel (7) from where it is sprayed out through the bore (9) of the nozzle sleeve (1). The changes in the direction or rotation cause turbulences which represent a braking force for the liquid flowing under pressure. The intensity of this braking force is directly proportional to the liquid pressure, so that the rate of flow per unit of time is held at least approximately constant.

Abstract: An air aspirating nozzle for propelling a stream of foam or a slurry of solid particulates to a target surface includes a stream shaping member within the nozzle to form a rotating, columnar stream of liquid and air that maintains a high degree of coherence over a considerable throw distance. The stream shaping member includes a cylindrical body portion held axially in place within the nozzle body by a plurality of vanes extending between the body portion and the inner nozzle wall. The vanes are arranged in a forward-raked attitude, and the vane surfaces are configured to impart a rotation to a fluid column passing through the nozzle.

Abstract: A known device for the atomization of liquids for injection valves including upper and lower fluid entry levels by which a tangential entry of air is provided into a space located below the injection valve in the direction of flow by which the generally occurring unevenness of distribution of fuel to different cylinders of an internal combustion engine is to be improved. The entry of the fluid from the upper and lower levels are oppositely oriented at the individual levels and thus produce two opposing swirl flows. The device is particularly suitable for injection valves for internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A spray nozzle designed to produce a spray or mist containing a high concentration of bubbles. Such a spray is particularly useful in mixing liquid fuel and air for burning within a combustion chamber, as for example in a gas turbine engine. The novel design includes a pair of swirl chambers generally axially aligned within the nozzle. Fuel or other liquid enters the first or forward swirl chamber in a generally tangential and laminar flow pattern, passes into the second or rearward chamber through an interconnecting orifice. Violent liquid and air mixing occurs in the second chamber and the mixture is then expelled as an aerated spray through the interconnecting orifice, the first chamber and a discharge orifice.

Abstract: When the container is compressed, liquid flows via a riser (2) and an inflow channel (10) tangentially into a vortex chamber (9), where a rotary flow is induced. The liquid is accelerated by the conical cross-section of the inner wall (5) of the liquid nozzle (1) until it is discharged from the orifice (7) of the liquid nozzle (1). At the same time, air from the container flows via an inflow channel (11) into the annular chamber (3) which surrounds the liquid nozzle (1). Coaxial with the liquid nozzle there is a mixture nozzle (4) with a conical inner wall (5'). The orifice (7) of the liquid nozzle (1) is retracted relative to the orifice (8) of the mixture nozzle (4), so that the two media are jointly accelerated after mixing.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine, in which the valve needle blanks are cut from a profile bar having grooves in its circumference which extends the direction of the longitudinal axis; the blanks are then twisted to form helical grooves and then machined in a metal-cutting manner, in order to produce the final needle shape.

Abstract: An atomizer nozzle insert for hand pumps mounted on bottles, for the atomized dispensing of liquid products contained in said bottles, is of cup shape and comprises at least one turbulence channel of spiral extension provided in the inner end surface of the insert and opening into a coaxial turbulence chamber which communicates with the outside via a coaxial outlet bore for the atomized product. The turbulence channel also extends, with substantially helical extension, along the inner lateral wall of the insert.

Abstract: A molten metal spray-depositing apparatus employs an ejection nozzle for receiving a molten metal stream and having a configuration for confining and imparting mechanically an angular momentum thereto which produces stream break-up into a metal particle spray when the stream becomes unconfined upon exiting the nozzle. There are stationary and rotating versions of the ejection nozzle. The stationary ejection nozzle has a flow channel with internal angular elements, such as spiral grooves, which engage the moving molten metal stream to impart angular momentum thereto as it passes through the channel. The rotating ejection nozzle may have internal elements within the flow channel, such as notches or serrations, which engage the moving molten stream and cause it to rotate with the nozzle as it passes through the channel. The two nozzles can also be combined to impart the angular momentum and accomplish melt stream break-up.

Abstract: A solid-cone spray nozzle in which the flow-directing vanes are disposed in opposed pairs spaced axially in the nozzle chamber and rotatively displaced a quarter-turn from each other to provide clearance at each vane set, and between them, for the passage of a solid object capable of passing outwardly through the nozzle orifice.

Abstract: Liquid spray apparatus suitable for use in an electrostatic spraying system comprises a liquid supply duct, a conical surface at one end of the duct on to which the liquid is adapted to impinge and an annular nozzle for distributing the liquid after it has passed over the surface. Channels for imparting a swirling motion to the liquid are provided consisting of snail-shaped grooves formed in the conical disc or helical channels formed in the duct. A valve member is provided for varying the flow rate of the liquid through the apparatus.

Abstract: In an orifice and nozzle for the passage of fluid which may contain solid particulates as contaminants, the orifice and nozzle includes an opening which is rectangular in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the axis of the fluid flow. The rectangular opening has a ratio of minimum width to minimum depth, or vice versa, of less than approximately 1.5, and preferably 1.0, and a ratio of the length of the opening to the lesser of minimum width and minimum depth of the opening of less than approximately 2.0, and preferably 1.0. The rectangular cross section together with these ratios prevents plugging by the solid contaminants.

Abstract: A device is disclosed which is capable of generating turbulence in a fluid as well as a sonic or ultrasonic field of predetermined frequency comprising a swirl chamber which is in fluid communication with a compression chamber and followed downstream by modulator cavities. Each successive stage of the device can alter the frequency and amplitude of the waves produced and in certain embodiments can act to intensify the vortices created in the fluid passing through the device to produce both mold controlled turbulence as well as stable high frequency/high amplitude acoustic (sonic or ultrasonic) vibration at the exit port.