Abstract: A fluid hose apparatus with integrated nozzle includes a hose having at least one sidewall hole formed within a sidewall thereof. At least one patch is affixed to the sidewall of the hose, the at least one patch positioned over the at least one sidewall hole. A chamber is formed between the at least one patch and the sidewall of the hose, wherein the chamber is in fluid communication with the at least one sidewall hole. At least one nozzle is formed in an exterior wall of the at least one patch, wherein the at least one nozzle is in fluid communication with the chamber. A related supply line system for conveying and spraying a fluid and method of protecting an elongated hose from a heat source is also disclosed.

Abstract: A portable irrigation device and a method of use are disclosed herein. The disclosed irrigation device generally comprises an adapter configured to be connected to a water source; a pressure regulation device connected to said adapter; segments of fluid supply tubing in fluid communication with said pressure regulation device and configured to form two approximately concentric circles, wherein said two circles form an outer circle and an inner circle, and wherein said outer circle is in fluid communication with said inner circle via one or more radial segments of fluid supply tubing connecting said outer circle to said inner circle; and a plurality of emitter elements disposed along said segments of fluid supply tubing at predetermined intervals. The disclosed irrigation device may be utilized to water any plant in need of targeted irrigation, including shallow-rooted plants such as flowers and dry areas of grass in lawns, as well as deep-rooted plants such as shrubs and trees.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing high speed pressure compensator-type drip irrigation tubes and the tubes obtained thereby having absolute radial orientation of molecular chains, the orientation imparting strength as well as flexibility to the tube material. The said method comprises extruding a tube using a plurality of extruders; blowing up the extruded tube by introducing a pressure inside the tube relatively higher than the pressure outside the tube; drawing the blown tube simultaneously to the blowing of tube; flattening the blown tube by heat welding the collapsed halves together and forming a tape immediately, subsequent to the process of blowing and drawing the tube; extrusion of a bonding polymer on one border of the tape; printing flow channels into the hot and viscous bonding polymer; and forming a tube by lengthwise folding the tape and heat welding the overlapping borders together using the bonding polymer.

Abstract: An agricultural drip emitter optionally includes an elastomeric having a flow restriction. Flow through the emitter, when deployed inside an irrigation hose, is optionally regulated by pressure-responsive deformation of the elastomer. The flow restriction optionally includes under-tooth bypass spaces located between a base and a sequence of baffles. Some implementations also include a rigid polymer component. Optionally, a thermoset elastomer component is mechanically interlocked with the rigid component. The elastomer component and the rigid component are optionally molded as a unitary part by two component injection molding. Optionally, in the molding process, a divider initially divides the mold into two cavities. After forming the first component, the divider is optionally repositioned for forming the second component with an interface to the first component. The sequence of baffles is optionally formed by elastic stripping from an undercut mold.

Abstract: A filtration irrigation method, filtration irrigation device and the manufacturing method thereof, said filtration irrigation device comprises a water carrying chamber, in which one or more porous filter membranes are arranged. One or more flow restrictors corresponding to each membrane are set on the wall of the water carrying chamber. The total permeation capacity of the flow restrictors is less than that of said filter membranes. The present invention can avoid the blockage of the device effectively.

Abstract: A water-drip hose comprises: the first fusion splicing units formed to have an upper fusion splicing line parallel to an end portion of the outer film, a lower fusion splicing line shorter than the upper fusion splicing line, and side fusion splicing lines of a smooth curved shape for connecting the upper fusion splicing line with the lower fusion splicing line; two second fusion splicing units respectively formed at a lower position between the first fusion splicing unit and a neighboring first fusion splicing unit in parallel to the lower fusion splicing line of the first fusion splicing unit at regular intervals, which forms three lower openings; and a third fusion splicing unit formed at an upper position between the first fusion splicing unit and the neighboring first fusion splicing unit in parallel to the upper fusion splicing line of the first fusion splicing unit, which forms two upper openings.

Abstract: A drip irrigation pipe includes a drip emitter and a flap that is formed in the pipe wall by first and second grooves. The first groove is longer than the second groove and the flap remains connected to the pipe wall at two bridges. A pivot region of the flap extends between the two bridges and the flap is adapted to twist about the pivot region as liquid exits the pipe at the flap.

Abstract: A flat type pressure regulated drip emitter with a non-drain valve capabilities that is installable inside a water supply conduit during the conduit manufacturing process and characterized by that the emitter's non-drain valve function is executed independently and separately from its pressure regulation function, through a portion of the emitter's elastomer component that is strained and biased against the emitter's water inlet opening and is moveable towards and away from an additional opening (additional to the emitter's water outlet opening), exposed to the pressure prevailing in the emitter's water exit pool and therefore, at any given time, this portion of the elastomer component is exposed to the maximum differential pressure that prevails in the system—on its one side to the water pressure prevailing in the water supply conduit and on its other (second) side—to the approximate atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A pesticide delivery system integrated into an overflow drain system of a bathtub, a sink, or any other water-retaining basin. The pesticide delivery system includes a pesticide intake segment passing through a transition passage, wherein the transition passage is formed through a wall of a section of the overflow drain system. A fluid retentive seal is located between an exterior of the pesticide intake segment and the overflow conduit wall. A pesticide distribution conduit extends from a distribution end of the pesticide intake segment to a termination end. Pesticide can be discharged through a pesticide delivery port located at an end of the pesticide distribution conduit or through a plurality of pesticide distribution ports spatially located along the pesticide distribution conduit. A plurality of pesticide distribution continuation conduits can be in fluid communication with the pesticide distribution conduit to distribute the pesticide along various directions and locations.

Abstract: Apparatus for operating a group of normally closed, pressure compensated drippers at relatively low liquid flow rates includes a pulsating device having an inlet and an outlet that converts a low continuous liquid flow rate entering its inlet, through a flow control unit, to a high intermittent and pulsating flow rate ejected through its outlet. A manifold has an inlet connected to the outlet of the pulsating device, a group of normally-closed, pressure-compensated drippers being connected to the manifold. The pulsating device converts a low continuous flow rate of liquid entering its inlet, through the flow control unit, to a high intermittent and pulsating flow rate that ejects from its outlet and flows from its outlet through the manifold inlet and through the normally-closed, pressure-compensated group of drippers connected to the manifold, out from the drippers, at a pressure-compensated low flow rate.

Abstract: This invention uses a perforated hose or tube, of various shapes, sizes and wall thicknesses, to evenly and accurately dispense fluids such as lubricants, anti-ice, anti-snow or other liquids and/or gases onto railroad tracks including railroad switches, railroad crossings, bridge overheads, tunnel walls and even roof tops. This is accomplished by fastening or affixing, by clamp or other means, the hoses or tubes along the length of the railroad tracks, railroad switches, railroad crossings, bridge overpasses, tunnel walls and even roof tops for the purpose of manually, automatically and/or remotely controlling liquid or gas application of various amounts and at various frequencies of application. The hoses or tubes are connected to an operational box wherein a communication device, a pump/s, a compressor and reservoir/s of liquid/s and/or gases, such as anti-icing agents, lubricants, and/or other liquids can be delivered.

Abstract: Described is a non pressure compensated drip emitter with multiflow facility, the drip emitter being placed inside a pipe of a drip irrigation system, the drip emitter comprising: a housing; a filter system being fitted at each inlet to ensure pure supply of water inside the emitter; three pools of water from only one of which water get discharged out of emitter and from emitter to the land to be irrigated, the third pool in the middle; a labyrinth in fluid communication with each pool and the filter system, the labyrinth comprises zigzag water paths; wherein the labyrinth connects middle pool with remaining two pools through the zigzag water path in such a way that even in case of partial clogging of the zigzag water path, the remaining partial zigzag water path remain active and ensure the discharge of water at a selected flow rate from the emitter.

Abstract: A delayed degradability drip irrigation pipe including a water conduit at a water conduit pressure and a plurality of drip irrigation outlets, each communicating with the water conduit and providing a water output at a pressure below the water conduit pressure, at least the water conduit being formed at least partially of a degradable material and also including a degradability delayer which provides a desired delay prior to failure of the water conduit but permits eventual degradation of the degradable material under predetermined conditions.

Abstract: An irrigation pipe with holes is provided. The pipe is, at least in the area of each hole, multilayered. At least top and bottom layers of the pipe are made of a water-repellant material, and an inner layer of the pipe is made of a porous material. The hole is defined by a cut surface of the pipe wall. The cut surface comprises a seal, which covers at least the inner layer. Each layer may be bonded to adjacent layers.

Abstract: An emitter to be used for drip irrigation is described. It includes a base equipped with a plunger that can be inserted into a drip irrigation pipe. The base is shaped to hold a spherical rotating member. This rotating member is traversed by a conduit that direct the water flow from the plunger to a spout located on top of the rotating member. An annular cap screwed or snapped on top of the base holds the rotating member in place. The emitter can be mounted on an irrigation pipe by punching a hole in the pipe and inserting the plunger. The rotating member can be directed to the desired direction by slightly unscrewing the cap, adjusting the position of the rotating member and retightening the cap.

Abstract: A drip irrigation emitter includes a disc shaped body having a pressure reducing labyrinth between a water inlet area and an outlet hole, and a pressure regulating diaphragm changing flow through the outlet hole in response to water pressure fluctuations in the water conduit where the emitter is mounted. The water filtering inlet of the emitter is located entirely at the sides of the disc shaped body.

Abstract: A fluid flow control device, particularly useful for drip-irrigation emitters, for controlling the discharge of a fluid (water) from a discharge port in a fluid conduit (drip irrigation pipe) includes: a housing attachable to the fluid conduit and constructed to define a fluid chamber having an inlet opening communicating with the interior of the fluid conduit, and an outlet opening communicating with the discharge port of the fluid conduit; and a flow control member freely movable within the fluid chamber and having a surface contacting an inner surface of the housing to control the flow of fluid from said fluid chamber out of the fluid conduit via said outlet opening in the housing. One of the contacting surfaces of the flow control member or housing is formed with a protruding pattern such that the two contacting surfaces define small passageways for the flow of fluid from the fluid chamber out of the fluid conduit via the outlet opening.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus provide for installation of a water spraying system into an existing shower enclosure, including: a flexible source tube operating to couple to the water feed; a first array for placement proximate to the first wall, and a second array for placement proximate to the third wall, opposite to the first array, each of the first and second arrays having at least two laterally extending, and vertically spaced apart, spray tubes, each spray tube having a series of apertures extending through a wall of the given tube and permitting water to exit the tube and spray into the shower enclosure.

Abstract: A self-contained flow path unit (202), (302), (400), (500) includes a continuous flow path operatively connected to a continuous strip member to form a self-contained flow path unit. The self-contained flow path unit may be accumulated for later use in forming an irrigation hose.

Abstract: An irrigation pipe comprising: at least one first integrated emitter characterized by a first discharge-pressure threshold; at least one second integrated emitter characterized by a second discharge-pressure threshold different from the first discharge-pressure threshold threshold; wherein, the at least one first and at least one second integrated emitters are positioned along the pipe in accordance with a predetermined configuration.

Abstract: A drip emitter formed from an elastomer component and a rigid polymer component for welding to the inner surface of an irrigation hose. The drip emitter has a fluid flow pathway including a flow restriction, typically in the form of a labyrinth, formed at least partially within the elastomer to provide a variable geometry flow restriction. The flow restriction may include under-tooth bypass spaces located between the base and the sequence of baffles, over-tooth bypass clearances or may employ baffles with a thickened root portion which forms a sloped transition region between an upright upper wall portion and the base. In each case, flow through the drip emitter when deployed is regulated by pressure-responsive deformation of the elastomer component. Some implementations employ a thermoset elastomer component such as silicone with mechanical interlocking between the components.

Abstract: A flow path is provided for a drip emitter to reduce the supply pressure in a manner reducing the potential for the flow path to become obstructed and clogged. The path employs a central path with a predetermined size and a series of baffles with predetermined spacing. The flow path further includes a metering chamber and a diaphragm to compensate for changes in supply pressure and an outlet that facilitates self-flushing in conjunction with the operation of the diaphragm.

Abstract: A pull-out faucet is provided. The faucet includes a spout having an outlet end, a spray head having an engaging end, and a sleeve disposed between the outlet end of the spout and the engaging end of the spray head and configured to detachably couple the spray head to the spout. The sleeve comprises a substantially rigid first portion and a substantially compliant second portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pressure-compensation drip tape, which is used in drip irrigation to continuously and evenly supply a small amount of water to plants. The drip tape of the present invention includes an outer shell 10, and overlapping sheets 21, 23 and 25, which are expandable depending on an increase of water pressure. Furthermore, the drip tape has a main passage 11, which is defined by the outer shell and the innermost overlapping sheet, such that most water supplied from a water source flows through the main passage, pressure-reducing passages 31 and 33, which are defined between the overlapping sheets, and discharge holes 21H, 23H and 25H, which are formed in the border between the main passage and one of the pressure-reducing passages and the border between the pressure-reducing passages, such that the water sequentially flows via the main passage and the pressure-reducing passages and drips outside the drip tape.

Abstract: A device for watering vegetation, such as a tree, has a flexible tube that can be laid flat and rolled up. The flexible tube has a watertight seal about 2 inches to about 6 inches from each end, which leaves a flap at each end. The flexible tube is placed in a circular configuration around the tree, and its flaps are joined together with hook and loop fasteners. There are one or two openings along the length of the tube through which water can be admitted into the flexible tube. At or near the bottom of the flexible tube is at least one pre-filtered drip emitter from which water can leave the flexible tube at a controlled flow rate.

Abstract: A labyrinth channel for reducing pressure and/or flow rate in a liquid flowing in the channel, the labyrinth channel having a bottom surface and first and second opposing walls and comprising: a first array of spaced apart first baffle teeth that have non-parallel upstream and downstream faces and extend from the first wall towards the second wall to terminate in an end; and a second array of spaced apart second baffle teeth that have non-parallel upstream and downstream faces and extend from the second wall towards the first wall to terminate in an end; wherein baffle teeth in different arrays have a substantially same shape and upstream faces of closest baffle teeth in different arrays are different and/or downstream faces of closest baffle teeth in different arrays are different.

Abstract: An elastomer membrane based, regulated drip emitter unit, equipped with a non-drip valve, wherein the drip emitter is characterized by that it includes an opening that is exposable to an approximate atmospheric pressure that prevails on the water outlet from the drip emitter; and an additional elastomer membrane portion that is strained and biased against the water inlet opening of the drip emitter for creating a seal with its one side for a non-drain valve and on its other (second) side it is connected to that atmospheric pressure prevailing opening, and wherein the elastomer membrane portion is movable towards that opening in order to open the water inlet opening for enabling a water flow passage from a water supply conduit to the drip emitter, and this from the specific instant that the force exerted by the water pressure prevailing in the water supply conduit on one side of that elastomer portion, overcomes the strain at which that portion was strained and biased against the water inlet opening, as well a

Abstract: A drip irrigation device for distributing a portion of the water flowing in an irrigation pipe to a plant, the device comprising: a housing formed from a relatively soft plastic; and a connector for coupling the housing to the irrigation pipe comprising a bayonet for puncturing the irrigation pipe formed from a relatively hard material over-molded onto a feature of the housing made from the soft plastic.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a hose nozzle having a rigid tube outer tube, a resilient inner tube member disposed within the rigid outer tube and configured to define a flow of fluid and a movable toggle supported by the rigid outer tube and configured to move between a first position and a second position wherein the movable toggle is further configured to apply a radially inward pressure on the resilient inner tube when moved from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: A non-clogging non-pressure compensated drip emitter that utilizes one or more filters or one or more inwardly offset filters that have an inlet that projects inwardly toward a centerline of the hollow cylindrical emitter body and a labyrinth having only turbulent transfer zones after water enters the labyrinth, wherein the labyrinth couples the filter(s) or inwardly offset filter(s) to the pool. Prevents clogging by eliminating dead transfer zones where sediment can accumulate where no turbulence exists. Also prevents clogging when the filter is positioned downward as the inwardly offset filter rises above any sediment when the emitter is positioned in the field in this downward orientation. Also prevents clogging flat filter configurations that have filters offset radially, i.e., redundant filters per emitter.

Abstract: An in-line system of mini sprinklers comprising a tubular conduit having inner and outer surface areas, and fitted for the flow of pressurized liquids. This tubular conduit has one or more openings along its length, and at least one mini sprinkler unit embedded within the tubular conduit at each opening. Each mini sprinkler unit comprises a liquid distributing assembly and biasing means. As pressure within the tubular conduit increases, inward force exerted by the biasing means is overcome, and the liquid distributing assembly moves outward. As the liquid distributing assembly protrudes beyond the outer surface of the tubular conduit, liquid escapes and sprinkles onto the ground. As pressure is decreased within the tubular conduit, the biasing means force the liquid distributing assembly back to its original position.

Abstract: A silencer in a flow duct (10) comprises at least one plate-shaped element (12) which extends essentially parallel to the throughflow direction (16) of the flow duct. Integrated in the plate-shaped element (12), preferably in the downstream region, are means (13, 14) for feeding and for spraying a liquid (15) into the throughflow of the flow duct. The spraying means are preferably arranged in such a way that the liquid (15) is sprayed at an angle of at least 30° to the throughflow (16). The silencer according to the invention is used, for example, in the intake duct of a gas turboset.

Abstract: The present invention is a portable fire suppression apparatus. The fire suppression apparatus comprises a conduit with an open end and a closed end. In some embodiments of this invention the conduit may be a combination of several similar conduits connected with couplings with the last conduit having a closed end. The conduit has a plurality of apertures disposed upon its length at periodic intervals. When a fire suppression medium is forced throughout the conduit, the medium streams from each apertures and drenches the surrounding area and provides a fire break and air borne spark suppression capability. In the preferred embodiment, this apparatus also includes a means for stabilizing the conduit against rotation when high pressure medium is forced through.

Abstract: A drip irrigation hose includes a tube for conducting pressurized water through its interior and formed with a plurality of outlets for emitting water at longitudinally-spaced locations along the length of the tube; and a plurality of flow-control elements fixed with respect to the inner surface of the tube at longitudinally-spaced locations thereof to define, with the inner surface, a plurality of labyrinths each having an inlet communicating with the interior of the tube and an outlet communicating with a tube outlet for emitting water there from at a slow rate. The labyrinth includes a bottom wall constructed to produce, adjacent to the bottom wall, a significant laminar flow of water in which the laminar flow decreases, and thereby turbulent flow increases, with an increase in the water pressure within the tube to thereby provide pressure-compensation for the water flow through the respective tube outlet.

Abstract: The invention concerns an installation for manufacturing a drip irrigation pipe (8) formed of a pipe (8) provided with drippers (4), including a dripper feed station (37), followed by an extrusion station (10), including an extrusion head (14) producing a tubular blank (22) and means for welding the drippers (4) to the inner wall of said blank (22), characterized in that the dripper welding means (4) include a support surface (50) and a counter-support surface (56) between which the drippers (4) are pressed against said tubular blank (22) so as to be welded thereto, said support (50) and counter-support (56) surfaces being arranged upstream of the calibrating means (24).

Abstract: An irrigation assembly has a main pipeline supported at intervals by mobile towers, a plurality of drop tube assemblies at spaced intervals along the pipeline and a collector positioned to receive water from the drop tube assembly. A plurality of targets are positioned on the ground in the paths of motion defined by the movement of the collectors. The targets may be dishes. Each dish preferably has a perforated drain that penetrates beneath the surface of the ground. Interaction between the collector and the target causes the water stored within the collector to be released into the target. The irrigation assembly may provide for underground irrigation without a collector where a dish or trough receives water from the drop tube assembly and underground drains allow for water to be dispersed below the ground.

Abstract: A dripper adapted to be bonded to interior of an irrigation pipe during manufacture and to be associated with an outlet opening in said pipe. The dripper comprises an outwardly facing surface adapted for the bonding, an outlet area associated with the surface, and at least one bulge near the outlet area. The bulge defines an outermost portion of the surface at least during manufacture of the pipe, and is adapted to form, when the dripper is bonded to the pipe, a raised outlet region in the pipe associated with the bulge. The bulge and outlet area are designed so as to form the raised outlet region suitable for at least a part of the outlet opening to be formed therein and be defined by the material of the pipe.

Abstract: An emitter comprising: a plurality of inlet apertures through which liquid enters the emitter; a manifold flow channel into which liquid that passes through the apertures flow; an elastic diaphragm that seats on the manifold flow channel; an outlet aperture through which liquid that enters the emitter exits the emitter; wherein liquid that enters the inlet apertures displaces only a portion of the diaphragm from the manifold channel so that the liquid can leave the manifold channel and flow through the emitter to reach the outlet aperture.

Abstract: A drip emitter is provided for delivering irrigation water from a supply tube to an emitter outlet at a reduced and relatively constant flow rate. Water enters the emitter through a first inlet and proceeds into a first chamber. When the water pressure is above a predetermined level, a one-directional valve opens to allow fluid flow past the first chamber, through a tortuous path flow channel, and through an emitter outlet. A second inlet is used to compensate for water pressure fluctuations in the supply tube to maintain output flow at a relatively constant rate. Water enters the second inlet and presses a flexible diaphragm toward a water metering surface to provide pressure-dependent control of the output flow. A copper member is mounted to the emitter over the emitter outlet to prevent plant root intrusion into the emitter outlet.

Abstract: A hose for use in a showering device and a showering device for cleaning, with a liquid, a machine used in the pulp and paper industry are described. The hose has a flexible wall for circulating the liquid and comprises a plurality of nozzles attached to the wall. The nozzles are spaced apart from each other and substantially aligned with each other along a longitudinal axis of the hose. The showering device comprises the hose and two connectors, one at each extremity of the hose.

Abstract: An irrigation pipe with a plurality of connector elements adapted for attachment of lateral branches thereto, where the connector elements are integrally fitted to the pipe's wall during the manufacture. Connector elements may be fitted open and be adapted for closing after manufacture if not intended for use, or may be fitted closed and be adapted for opening after manufacture to enable the attachment. A method of production of such irrigation pipe from a strip of flexible weldable or bondable material includes fitting integrally the connector elements to predetermined locations on the strip, with or without punching the strip; bending or twisting the strip so as to juxtapose or overlap lateral edges thereof; and welding or bonding integrally the edges so as to obtain a closed pipe section.

Abstract: A coupling is formed from inner and outer members. The inner member is attached to a pipe wall and is formed with a bulge. The outer member is retained by the inner member and is formed with a clamp that surrounds the bulge.

Abstract: A drip irrigation emitter includes a housing containing an inlet opening for receiving water from a supply tube and an outlet opening for emitting water at a pressureless drip rate. A labyrinth inside the emitter receives water from the supply tube through the inlet opening, reducing its pressure and emitting the water at a drip rate. A flexible pressure-compensating diaphragm inside the housing flexes elastically under pressure changes of water entering in the opening from the supply tube. A raised structured surface positioned between the inlet opening and the diaphragm prevents the diaphragm from sealing off water entry to the emitter housing through the inlet opening when water pressure in the supply tube is shut off. The raised structured surface is configured to allow air contained in the soil to be drawn backwards through the emitter at a very slow rate, thereby inhibiting emitter blockage caused by soil ingestion.

Abstract: An extruded irrigation pipe connectable to a pressurized fluid source via a first end of the pipe, the pipe comprising drip-irrigation plug emitter mounted integrally therein during the extrusion process of the pipe. The plug emitter has an inlet in fluid communication with the first end of the pipe, a drip outlet in fluid communication with a second end of the pipe, and a flow-restricting path therebetween. The emitter plugs the pipe with respect to any fluid flow except for the flow through the flow-restricting path. The pipe is conveniently produced as a section of a continuous long pipe comprising a plurality of such sections and adapted for being cut into such sections.

Abstract: A drip irrigation hose includes a tube for conducting pressurized water through its interior and formed with a plurality of outlets for emitting water at longitudinally-spaced locations along the length of the tube; and a plurality of flow-control elements fixed with respect to the inner surface of the tube at longitudinally-spaced locations thereof to define, with the inner surface, a plurality of labyrinths each having an inlet communicating with the interior of the tube and an outlet communicating with a tube outlet for emitting water there from at a slow rate. The labyrinth includes a bottom wall constructed to produce, adjacent to the bottom wall, a significant laminar flow of water in which the laminar flow decreases, and thereby turbulent flow increases, with an increase in the water pressure within the tube to thereby provide pressure-compensation for the water flow through the respective tube outlet.

Abstract: The present invention is an irrigation method and system for providing a user-defined flow rate to a field using variable sized orifices. The irrigation method and system includes providing a source of irrigation water. A first discrete area to be irrigated is defined and the volume of irrigation water to be disbursed to the first discrete area is determined based on the type of crop. A length of continuous irrigation conduit is provided so that the irrigation conduit is in fluid communication between the source of irrigation water and the first discrete area. The required diameter of each orifice is calculated based on the user-defined flow rate. Each orifice is made in the irrigation conduit as the conduit is installed in the field so that the irrigation water is disbursed to the first discrete area in an amount approximate to the user defined flow rate.

Abstract: An irrigation pipe comprising: at least one first integrated emitter characterized by a first discharge-pressure threshold; at least one second integrated emitter characterized by a second discharge-pressure threshold different from the first discharge-pressure threshold threshold; wherein, the at least one first and at least one second integrated emitters are positioned along the pipe in accordance with a predetermined configuration

Abstract: An oozing hose, which discharges water for irrigation by oozing, is disclosed herein. The oozing hose comprises a hose body with a plurality of orifices formed thereon, and an oozing layer that covers an outer wall of the hose body. The oozing layer is capable of absorbing and oozing water. With the installation of the oozing layer, water may ooze through the hose body gradually to save water substantially during irrigation, and to improve the disadvantages of uneven water distribution and plant damage associated with conventional direct sprinkling devices.

Abstract: A snow removal device is provided for a building having sidewalls and a sloping roof with at least one of a ridge and a corner ridge. The snow removal device includes a hot water heater, a pressurization pump in fluid communication with the hot water heater, a connection pipe, a water discharge pipe connected to the hot water heater via the connection pipe, the water discharge pipe being configured to be installed in a direction along the ridge or the corner ridge, the water discharge pipe having horizontal or downwardly sloping water discharge apertures and downwardly facing water release apertures, the water discharge pipe being fixed to the building by brackets positioned to be higher than the ridge or the corner ridge.

Abstract: An automatic irrigation system having a simplified structure can intermittently supply water (and liquid fertilizer) required by farmer products under water saving conditions depending on the weather condition of the day independent of the size of an irrigation area. Water from a water source is pumped by a motor pump driven with electric power generated by a solar panel and stored in a storage tank. When a predetermined amount of water is stored in the tank, a water draining device continuously drains the stored water. This cycle is repeated in proportion to an amount of solar radiation incident on the solar panel. The water is then guided to the irrigation area with a tube irrigation system.