Abstract: The inventive concept provides a method for treating a surface of an object to be treated, in which a part provided and contaminated in an apparatus for treatment of a substrate such as a wafer serves as the object to be treated. In an embodiment, the surface treatment method includes forming a vacuum in an atmosphere in which the object is provided and cleaning the surface of the object by collision of first particles with contaminants on the surface of the object at supersonic speed.

Abstract: A system to place one or more rovings made from composite material on a substrate. The system includes at least a roving-laying head configured to lay at least one roving, an electricity generator and at least one plasma torch. The plasma torch mounted on the roving-laying head and powered by the electricity generator. The plasma torch being further supplied with at least one plasma-forming fluid to generate at least one plasma jet suitable for heating the one or more rovings to be laid on the substrate.

Abstract: A vibratory handle for use with a surface finishing float, the vibratory handle including a first end having a bore for receiving a first float attachment screw therein for attaching the first end to the finishing float. The vibratory handle further including a second end having an oblong slot for receiving a second float attachment screw therein for attaching the second end to the finishing float such that the first float attachment screw and second float attachment screw are in operative alignment and spaced apart a distance along a surface the float. The vibratory handle also includes a gripping portion extending between the first end and second end.

Abstract: A method of forming one of a plurality of encapsulated crystalline particles includes feeding a coaxial feed wire downwardly such that a first wire end of the coaxial feed wire is positioned at a heating source. The coaxial feed wire includes a crystalline wire core, and an amorphous shell surrounding the crystalline wire core. The first end of the coaxial feed wire is heated at the heating source, thereby forming a molten pendant drop at the first wire end. The plurality of encapsulated crystalline particles are emitted from the molten pendant drop onto a collector located below the molten pendant drop.

Abstract: A fire suppressing device including a torus container with a main body defining an interior chamber and a discharge port, the interior chamber configured to receive and retain metal organic framework materials. The fire suppressing device also includes an inductor coil extending through the interior chamber of the torus container and surrounding the metal organic framework materials. The inductor coil is configured to heat the metal organic framework materials to form a fire suppressing substance that is conveyed through the discharge port.

Abstract: Interchangeable or standard electrode interface for a thermal spray plasma gun includes an interchangeable electrode having a first connecting section and a first annular coupling surface. A second connecting section is arranged in a plasma gun and includes a second annular coupling surface. An annular seal is spaced or axially spaced from an annular interface formed between the first and second annular coupling surfaces.

Abstract: Proposed is a device for coating substrates by means of high-velocity flame spraying. The device comprises a combustion chamber (4), a first fuel feeder (L1) for feeding a liquid or gaseous fuel as well as at least one gas feeder for feeding an oxidative gas. The devise comprises furthermore a second fuel feeder (L5) for feeding a liquid or gaseous fuel as well as at least one further gas feeder for feeding a gas. Both the first gas feeder and the two fuel feeders (L1, L5) port into a common combustion chamber (4). In addition, means 24, 28 are provided for independent control of the fuel feed into the two fuel feeders (L1, L5).

Abstract: Present invention relates to a high velocity oxy-liquid fuel spray gun, wherein said spray gun has a combustion chamber designed with outlet offset to the combustion chamber, a water inlet towards front side of the gun; and a narrow stabilizer arranged at 45 degree or 70 degree, inline of oxygen connector, fuel connector spark plug.

Abstract: A wire arc spray system use at least one first wire and second wire that include a composite wire including a first material at a core region thereof and a cladding including a second material surrounding the core region. A controller controls operation to propel heated material created by the arcing of the first wire and the second wire at the arc point to a surface to be coated. A wire arc spray methodology for creating a porous metal coating with all-metal wires is also provided.

Abstract: A spray coating apparatus includes a cathode and an anode nozzle to form a pair. A front end of the anode nozzle is provided with three or more plasma jet jetting holes, and a spray material jetting hole is disposed at the center of an area surrounded by the plasma jet jetting holes. The spray material jetted through the jetting hole is fed into the center axis of a complex plasma arc or a complex plasma jet. The spray material jetted through the spray material jetting hole is melted at high thermal efficiency, to thereby enhance yield of coating film. Reflection of the spray material by the outer periphery of plasma flame, penetration of the spray material through plasma flame, and scattering of the spray material caused by reflection or penetration, due to the differences in particle diameter, mass, etc. of the spray material is prevented.

Abstract: A power-oscillator-starting circuit for an electronic high frequency induction-heater driver. The induction-heater driver, upon receipt of a turn-on signal, generates a high frequency alternating current, wherein the alternating current through an induction-heater coil is magnetically coupled to an appropriate loss component for a variable-spray fuel-injection system. The induction-heater driver uses a power oscillator that is started and restarted as is appropriate based on a threshold current limit referenced to the supply voltage of the induction-heater driver.

Abstract: A plasma spray nozzle is provided. Owing to their high degree of wear, previous plasma spray nozzles were not suitable for the coating of components for which long coating times were necessary. The coating times may be reduced considerably by the triple injection of powder into the inner channel through the plasma spray nozzle.

Abstract: An electronic high frequency induction heater driver, for a variable spray fuel injection system, uses a zero-voltage switching oscillator that utilizes a full H-bridge topology wherein the semiconductor switches are synchronized within the bridge for function. The induction heater driver, upon receipt of a turn-on signal, multiplies a supply voltage through a self-oscillating series resonance, wherein one component of the tank resonator circuit comprises an induction heater coil magnetically coupled to an appropriate loss component so that fuel inside a fuel component is heated to a desired temperature.

Abstract: An electronic high frequency induction heater driver, for a variable spray fuel injection system, uses a scalable array of zero-voltage switching oscillators that utilize full and half-bridge topology with inductors between semiconductor switches wherein the semiconductor switches are synchronous within each bridge for function, and each bridge is synchronized for function along the entire array. The induction heater driver, upon receipt of a turn-on signal, multiplies a supply voltage through a self-oscillating series resonance, wherein one component of each tank resonator circuit comprises an induction heater coil magnetically coupled to an appropriate loss component so that fuel inside a fuel component is heated to a desired temperature.

Abstract: An electronic high frequency induction heater driver, for a variable spray fuel injection system, uses a zero-voltage switching oscillator that utilizes a full H-bridge topology with inductors between semiconductor switches wherein the semiconductor switches are synchronized within the bridge for function. The induction heater driver, upon receipt of a turn-on signal, multiplies a supply voltage through a self-oscillating series resonance, wherein one component of the tank resonator circuit comprises an induction heater coil magnetically coupled to an appropriate loss component so that fuel inside a fuel component is heated to a desired temperature.

Abstract: An electronic high frequency induction heater driver, for a variable spray fuel injection system, uses a scalable array of zero-voltage switching oscillators that utilize full and half-bridge topology wherein the semiconductor switches are synchronous within each bridge for function, and each bridge is synchronized for function along the entire array. The induction heater driver, upon receipt of a turn-on signal, multiplies a supply voltage through a self-oscillating series resonance, wherein one component of each tank resonator circuit comprises an induction heater coil magnetically coupled to an appropriate loss component so that fuel inside a fuel component is heated to a desired temperature.

Abstract: A cold spray nozzle assembly includes a venturi having converging and diverging portions interconnected at a throat. An air supply conduit is in communication with the venturi for supplying a carrier gas to the converging portion. A powder feed tube is in communication with the venturi for supplying a powder material. An adjustment member is arranged within the venturi and is axially moveable relative thereto between multiple positions. The multiple positions respectively provide multiple different areas or throat clearances including a desired area between the adjustment member and the venturi or throat clearance. As a result, the adjustment member can be axially positioned to achieve desired gas pressures, deposition rates, and accommodate machining tolerances and component wear based upon the selected area. A retention member maintains the adjustment member in the desired position during operation of the cold spray nozzle assembly.

Abstract: A process, apparatus and material composition for forming a coherent refractory mass on a surface wherein one or more non-combustible materials are mixed with one or more metallic combustible powders and an oxidizer, igniting the mixture in a combustion chamber so that the combustible metallic particles react in an exothermic manner with the oxidizer and release sufficient heat to form a coherent mass of material under the action of the heat of combustion, and projecting this mass against the surface so that the mass adheres durably to the surface.

Abstract: A thermal spraying device with a first blowing mechanism for lengthening a droplet formed near the tips of thermal spraying materials by arc, and a second blowing mechanism for a blowing a tip portion of the lengthened droplet to atomize it into droplets and to scatter atomized droplets towards a face to be thermally sprayed. The first blowing mechanism lengthens the droplet so that the second blowing mechanism propels air to the tip portion of the lengthened droplet that is separated from a location where the tips of thermal spraying materials are adjacent and the arc is generated. Arcing between the tips of the thermal spraying materials continues stably, and satisfactory thermal spraying is possible.

Abstract: An electric arc spraying system includes a spraying gun for thermally spraying an inner surface of an object such as a cylinder block by blasting compressed gas substantially perpendicularly to the supplying direction of target wires. The spraying gun is rotated by a spraying gun rotation mechanism. The target wires are loaded in and supplied from wire supplying sources. A wire feeder rotation mechanism is provided for rotating the wire supplying sources synchronously with the spraying gun in rotation. Wire feeders are provided at the spraying gun or adjacent to the wire supplying sources for feeding the target wires. Wire support cables are configured to guide the target wires from the wire supplying sources to the spraying gun.

Abstract: A method of operation of a plasma torch and the plasma apparatus to produce a hot gas jet stream directed towards a workpiece to be coated by first injecting a cold high pressure carrier gas containing a powder material into a cold main high pressure gas flow and then directing this combined high pressure gas flow coaxially around a plasma exiting from an operating plasma generator and converging directly into the hot plasma effluent, thereby mixing with the hot plasma effluent to form a gas stream with a net temperature based on the enthalpy of the plasma stream and the temperature and volume of the cold high pressure converging gas, establishing a net temperature of the gas stream at a temperature such that the powdered material will not melt or soften, and projecting the powder particles at high velocity onto a workpiece surface.

Abstract: A microprocessor controlled arc metalizing unit includes a wire cassette and a drive mechanism cassette engaged in a separable manner. By disengaging the wire cassette and drive mechanism cassette, an operator has much greater control of the unit since the wire loaded wire cassette is fixed and the operator need only maneuver the lightweight drive mechanism cassette. To improve the safety of the arc metalizing unit, a “dead-man” switch acts to automatically shut down the arc metalizing unit should any number of preestablished safety conditions be breached. In addition, one or more composite housings enclose the operational components of the arc metalizing unit to improve safety. Reliability is improved through a tension control unit that eliminates any rotational fluctuations associated with wire spools. The arc metalizing unit further incorporates a touch pad control with a display for operating the unit and displaying the status of the unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a spray gun with associated nozzle attachments for high deposition efficiency for thermal spray of high quality, dense, low oxide content coatings. The spray guns are used to produce coatings using a thermal spray process, a high velocity oxy-fuel process, a high velocity air-fuel process, cold spraying, and plasma spraying in which the process is characterized by having an over-expanded flow with a Mach number from about 1.0 to about 4.0 which have passageway section which diverges to the gun outlet. In one embodiment the nozzle attachment is another diverging section with a greater angle of divergence than the diverging nozzle section. In another embodiment the nozzle attachment includes the aforementioned diverging nozzle attachment section followed by a converging nozzle section having an outlet section through which the thermal spray is emitted.

Abstract: A detonation gun for thermal spraying formed by a combustion chamber (1) and a barrel (2), with entrances for fuel (5) and for oxidizer (4), one or more spark plugs (6) for detonating the fuel-oxidizer mixture and one or more injectors (7) for the introduction of the product into the barrel, the gun in the invention centers its characteristics on the incorporation of a direct injection system of the fuel and oxidizer gases into the explosion chamber, producing explosive mixtures of different compositions according to the various zones in the explosion chamber, with a constrained volume existing in this explosion chamber in which only fuel is injected in such a way that it can generate high-energy explosions, maintaining the cyclic operation of the gun.

Abstract: An electric arc metalizing apparatus includes a wire drive unit within a housing unit, a device for attaching at least two spools of wire within the housing unit such that the wire can be led through the wire drive unit, a spray gun spatially moveable with respect to the housing, the wire drive unit having at least one drive roller advancing the wire to the spray gun, the drive roller having a knurled surface engaging the wire for avoiding slippage and removing contaminations like corrosion layers, and within the housing unit at least one wire cleaning/lubrication mean position downstream from said drive unit.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for ejection of liquid drops comprising: a non-deformable body (28) provided with a cavity, filled with the said liquid (20) and at least one output orifice (19) for this liquid; means of transmitting a sufficiently large pulse to the liquid to cause ejection of at least one drop (26); these means include means (23) of striking a wall (30) of the said body (28).

Abstract: A feedstock injector for connection to a source of heated gas comprises a converging channel extending from the upstream end to the downstream end of the injector. A splitting arm extends diagonally within the converging channel, the splitting arm comprising two symmetrically opposed surfaces extending from the inlet to the outlet ends of the converging channel. A feedstock injection passage opens axially at the downstream end of the splitting arm. The gas stream discharged by the injector contacts and entrains the feedstock with improved uniformity.

Abstract: An arc spray gun has a pair of wire guides that guide two metal wires to an arc zone near the wire tips where an electric current through the wires effect an arc, thereby melting the wire tips. The wire guides are of a two-part design. One part is easily removable without the need for tools. Generally, each removable part of the wire guide is temporarily held within a stationary wire guide by an O-ring. A retainer then holds the removable wire guide firmly in place. A gas cap keeps the retainer firmly against the removable wire guides while the gun is in use.

Abstract: A thermal spray or welding apparatus including a cored wire electrode with a sheath and a multiplex powder composite. The composite comprises micron-sized particles and sub-micron sized particles, including nano-scale particles, the particles mechanically cooperating to promote smooth powder flow, which facilitates compaction of the cored wire electrode. The invention also includes a method of manufacture of the apparatus including the cored wire electrode and its method of use to deposit a low porosity coating with high levels of alloyed refractory elements that is adherent and low in oxide content.

Abstract: The powder injection system consists of a dosage chamber directly fed by a conventional powder feeder and communicated with barrel of the detonation gun through a direct conduit. In this way, the pressure wave advancing through barrel enters the communication conduit and upon reaching dosage chamber undergoes a sudden expansion, interrupting powder feeding from the continuous feeder and causing the full fluidization of powder contained in dosage chamber. The fluidized powder is suctioned to barrel where it remains until the pressure wave generated in a new detonation cycle carries it away, depositing it on the surface of the part to be coated.

Abstract: Method of thermally depositing metal at increased rates onto a target surface, comprising: establishing and operating a high velocity plasma transferred wire arc between a cathode and the free-end of a consumable wire electrode, the energy of such plasma and arc being sufficient to not only melt and atomize the free-end of the wire into metal particles, but also project the particles as a column onto the target surface at an enhanced deposition rate for continuous periods in excess of 50 hours; surrounding the plasma and arc with high velocity and high flow gas streams that converge beyond the intersection of the wire free-end with the plasma-arc to limit turbulence of the plasma-arc, avoid direct impingement with the wire and assist the projection of the particles to the target surface; and impinging a low velocity gas flow along the axis of the advancing wire to counteract any destabilizing fluid dynamic forces attempting to move melted particles back along the wire away from the wire free end.

Abstract: In a two-wire arc spray extension two metal wires are guided into contact, and a gas cap is affixed to a gun body. The feeding wires receive an arc current to effect an arc and thereby molten metal at the wire tips. The gas cap has a plurality of orifices therein that receive pressurized gas to generate gas jets. The orifices are disposed with substantially equal spacing arcuately such that the jets are directed with a radially inward component toward the tips to effect atomization of the molten metal into a spray stream. The orifices have axes that are offset forwardly and tangentially from radial so as to create a vortex flow such that the spray stream is effected in the form of a conical fan. Insertion of the spray stream centrally into a hole can effect a coating circumferentially on an inside surface of the hole.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a thermal spray apparatus with improved thermal efficiency and wear resistance in both the nozzle and barrel combustion chamber. Specifically, disclosed herein is a thermal spray apparatus for spraying substrate coatings, comprising a high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) gun wherein said gun includes a combustion chamber generating heated flow therefrom and a nozzle downstream from said chamber. The nozzle and/or chamber contain a first layer of material heated by the flow, and a second layer of material which contacts the first layer when said first layer is heated. The first layer has a thermal conductivity that is lower than said second layer and preferably a lower thermal expansion coefficient. In use, the contact of the first heated layer of material with the second layer operates to remove heat from the first layer therein providing automatic/self-regulating temperature control of the HVOF apparatus.

Abstract: A gas detonation apparatus and method for powder coating a work piece. The present invention lies in the ability to preselect a discreet number of the detonation cells and the judicious selection of a suitable barrel diameter. The present invention employs an energy bleed system positioned in the downstream end of a combustion chamber of a detonation gun to bleed off unwanted energy from the combustion chamber leaving behind a discreet number of detonation cells. The detonation cells are then discharged into the barrel of the detonation gun. The barrel diameter is selected to match the total area of the discreet detonation cells selected. The effect is to discharge a discreet number of detonation cells into the barrel to preclude energy loss to the detonation cells from interference with reflected energy within the barrel itself. The present invention substantially increases the productivity of the detonation coating process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying multi-layered coatings utilizing a detonation gun process. The present invention consists of multiple powder feeders (7, 8) attached to the barrel (13) of a detonation gun (2). The powder feeders (7, 8) are disposed at axially spaced locations along the barrel (13) and supply coating materials to the barrel (13) in advance of a detonation wave front (100) such that the powders are exhausted from the barrel (13) in serial fashion producing a multi-layered coating on the workpiece (1). The multi-layered coating system of the present invention substantially enhances the quality and productivity of the detonation coating process.

Abstract: An arc spray gun has a pair of tubular wire guides that guide two metal wires to a point of contact at the wire tips where an arc current through the wires effect an arc, thereby melting the tips. Primary gas channeling on a central axis issues a primary gas flow that atomizes the molten metal and effects a spray stream thereof. A gas cap has at least four orifices arcuately spaced equally about the central axis. The orifices direct secondary gas jets inwardly with a forward directional component toward a point of intersection of the orifice axes on the central axis. The point of intersection is located proximate the point of contact and spaced downstream therefrom sufficiently for the jets not to interfere substantially with the atomization. The spray stream thereby is constricted and accelerated by the secondary gas jets.

Abstract: A thermal spray system includes a combustion unit connected to at least one port for supplying a flow of a combustible fluid from an external source of fuel and oxidant. The combustion unit includes a permeable burner block constructed to receive said combustible fluid from and to generate a high-energy stream of gas. The thermal spray system also includes an exhaust nozzle constructed to direct the high-energy stream of gas toward a substrate, and a material delivery unit constructed to deliver a material into the high-energy stream of gas to form a highly energized stream of particles. When the thermal spray system is used for bead blasting, the provided material is an abrasive material. Alternatively, when the thermal spray system is used for coating a substrate, the provided material is a coating material. The material delivery unit may be an injector or an electric arc unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for coating a part with a metallic coating comprising at least two consumable electrically conductive metallic wire electrodes converging to converging point at their ends, an electric current into said wires creating an arc and melting said wire ends forming an arc ball, an atomizing gas supply supplying gas to said converging point of said wires to convert said arc ball into a molten particle stream, and a deflecting gas valve assembly disposed outwardly of said consumable wires, said deflecting gas valve assembly deflecting gas from a direction which is rotatable relative to said two wires, said deflecting gas valve assembly containing a plurality of ports relative to and behind said molten particle stream supplying a steady flow of deflecting gas thereby deflecting said molten metal particle stream radially outward towards a surface to be coated.

Abstract: A method of operating a flame spraying burner, having water-cooled combustion chamber and expansion nozzle arranged downstream of the combustion chamber, with a gaseous fuel and/or a liquid fuel in association with an oxidation gas, a compression air and/or oxygen, and feeding a spraying material alternatively axially through the combustion chamber into the flame jet or radially, transverse to the burner axis, through at least two opposite radial bores which introduce the spraying material into the expansion nozzle; and a flame spraying burner operated by such a method.

Abstract: A thermal spray apparatus for depositing a coating on to a substrate is provided which includes a plasma generator for selectively changing gas from a gaseous state to a plasma, and apparatus for filtering plasma. Powder particles entrained in the plasma change from a solid state to a molten state. The apparatus for filtering the plasma permits only a high intensity region of the plasma to pass through to the substrate.

Abstract: Thermal spraying method and apparatus for depositing a coating onto a substrate by introducing material to be coated directly within the arc discharge area and by establishing a stable laminar plasma stream. By choosing particular parameters of the spraying method, namely electrical parameters and rate of ionizable fluid, required for establishment of plasma arc there is possible to enable efficient melting of material and conveying thereof toward the surface to be coated without spreading outside and before it is evacuated toward said substrate.

Abstract: A method of thermal spray coating a surface with a metal coating material includes the provision of a nozzle about a thermal spray coating apparatus, such as a two wire electric-arc apparatus. The nozzle includes a plurality of ports facing generally radially inwardly towards a coating material particle stream, such as an atomized molten metal stream of a two-wire arc thermal spray apparatus. The ports sequentially receive a deflecting gas flow, such that the direction moves circumferentially about the axis of the particle stream. The deflecting gas entrains the coating material and carries it radially to the surface of the part to be coated or the nozzle assembly. By utilizing a plurality of valve ports, one simplifies the assembly over prior art systems which have rotated the part to be coated. In one embodiment of this invention, a valve disk selectively communicates a compressed gas to the ports sequentially.

Abstract: An atomizing method for atomizing a fluid atomizing material feeds fluid atomizing material into jet air. A pair of planar air jets flow through nozzle tips towards a center axis of an atomization material supply. This forms an air chamber which converges in front of the atomization material supply. The interior edge of the converged air jets has a zone of slow moving air that draws the fluid atomizing material into the converging air jets. The material is thus atomized and evenly distributed. The atomization material supplied includes such fluidized atomizing materials as molten metal droplets fused by arc heat, paints, blast materials, adhesives, powders, etc.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an atomizing method for atomizing a fluid atomizing material. The method includes feeding the fluid atomizing material into jet air. According to a feature of the instant invention, there is provided a method which includes jetting a pair of planar jet air flows through nozzle tips towards a center axis of an atomization material supply means, forming an air chamber which converges at a forward end, followed by supplying the, thus formed, air chamber with the fluid atomizing material in a non-atomizing form. The atomization material supply means includes fluid atomizing material such as molten metal droplet fused by arc heat, paint, blast material, adhesive, powder, etc.

Abstract: A gas detonation sprayer includes a barrel with a three-part combustion chamber and a gas distributor which is fluidly coupled to the first part of the combustion chamber. The gas distributor includes passages through which fuel gas and oxygen pass and are mixed. The first part of the combustion chamber is annular and includes a spark plug. The second part is cylindrical and has a plurality of peripheral channels which fluidly communicate with the first part. The third part is cylindrical and is fluidly coupled to the second part, and to the proximal end of the main barrel. The combustion chamber and the main barrel are housed in a casing which includes water cooling passages. A powder feeding tube passes axially through the first and second parts of the combustion chamber and terminates inside the third part. A first embodiment of the gas distributor includes two narrow annular passageways which are fluidly coupled to each other by an axial opening and to an axial outlet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for arc spraying a pair of wires is disclosed. The invention includes feeding the wires to an arc at a controllable rate, where the rate is controlled in response to the current magnitude, or some other parameter of the arc. The arc is also monitored and the condition of the arc--whether there is a wire shortage or arc outage--is indicated to the user.

Abstract: A plasma flame flowing to a substrate around a beam of melt droplets is trimmed by spraying a refrigerant on the periphery of the plasma flame in the direction which allows the refrigerant to contact with the beam of the melt droplets.

Abstract: The barrel comprises a unit (1) for initiating detonation connected to a detonation chamber (2) accommodating a combustion-to-detonation transformation accelerator (3) in the form of a space lattice arranged coaxially inside the chamber (2). The size of each cell (4) of the lattice substantially equals the size of cell of a stationary detonation wave in an explosive mixture of preferred composition. The number of cells (4) of the lattice in cross section of the detonation chamber (2) grows toward an open end of the barrel defining through passages (5) for conveying gas from the unit (1) or initiating detonation to the detonation chamber (2). The peripheral passages (5) of the lattice are arranged at an acute angle (.alpha.) to the axis of the barrel.

Abstract: An improved, environmentally safe protective coating for marine surfaces is provided which is specially formulated for application to boat hulls for resisting marine growth thereon while minimizing release of toxic antifoulants into the environment. The coatings of the invention can therefore be used on boat hulls for preventing marine growth without the severe pollution effects associated with conventional antifoulant paints. The coatings are preferably made from powdered mixtures which include respective quantities of Nylon 11, an inorganic porous carrier such as carbon black, and an antifoulant such as tributyltin fluoride.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a thermal spray apparatus with improved thermal efficiency and wear resistance in both the nozzle and barrel combustion chamber. Specifically, disclosed herein is a thermal spray apparatus for spraying substrate coatings, comprising a high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) gun wherein said gun includes a combustion chamber generating heated flow therefrom and a nozzle downstream from said chamber. The nozzle and/or chamber contain a first layer of material heated by the flow, and a second layer of material which contacts the first layer when said first layer is heated. The first layer has a thermal conductivity that is lower than said second layer and preferably a lower thermal expansion coefficient. In use, the contact of the first heated layer of material with the second layer operates to remove heat from the first layer therein providing automatic/self-regulating temperature control of the HVOF apparatus.