Abstract: An electromagnetic unit fuel injector, of the type having a pump including a pump cylinder and an externally actuated plunger and having a solenoid actuated, control valve for normally controlling the spill, inject, spill cycle during a pump stroke of the plunger, has a mechanical spill arrangement associated with the plunger and cylinder to assist in the spill flow of fuel above a predetermined high speed engine operating condition.

Abstract: The fuel injection apparatus of the invention comprises a unit injector for injecting fuel to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. An injection pump chamber and a timing chamber are defined in the unit injector, a quantity of fuel, adjusted in accordance with a drive condition of an engine, being supplied to these chambers. Fuel in the injection pump chamber and the timing chamber can be pressurized by an injection plunger and a timing plunger operated by pressure from the same pressure source. When the fuel in the injection pump chamber is pressurized to a predetermined injection pressure, fuel in the injection pump chamber is injected to the corresponding combustion chamber of the engine. The timing chamber is connected to a relief path, and a check valve, which can be opened at a pressure lower than the injection pressure, is provided in the relief path.

Abstract: A liquid fuel atomizer is described which creates liquid pulses and gas pulses which are directed and timed to impact each other. The forces created during impact atomize the liquid fuel into droplets. Large and repeated atomizing forces can be thusly applied yielding fine atomization of even very high viscosity liquids. Applications of crossed pulse liquid atomizers to liquid fuel burner combustion systems are described.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine having engine cylinders includes a fuel tank, fuel supply pumps and fuel injection units. Each fuel injection unit comprises a cylinder, a plunger reciprocable in the cylinder by the engine, pump chamber defined between the cylinder and the plunger and receiving fuel from the fuel supply pump, an injection nozzle communicating with the pump chamber and a timing port formed in the cylinder. The fuel injection apparatus further includes a timing passage connecting the timing port with the fuel tank and a control valve. The control valve comprises a control chamber, a control valve body movable between the open and closed positions in the control chamber for controlling fuel injection, a spring urging the control valve body towards the closed position and a timing chamber formed adjacent the control chamber in the fuel injection unit for receiving fuel to move the control valve body towards the closed position.

Abstract: A cam-operated, electronically controlled, unit fuel injector (2) including an injector body (4) containing a fluid timing circuit (20) and a fluid metering circuit (22) communicating with an injector cavity (14) within which is mounted a reciprocating plunger (16,76,78) operated by an injector cam (12) which causes the plunger (16,76,78) to experience first and second dwells during each injector cycle wherein fluid may flow in the timing circuit (20) but may not flow in the metering circuit (22) during the first dwell and may flow in the metering circuit (22) but may not flow in the timing circuit (20) during the second dwell and wherein a solenoid valve (44) is opened during the first dwell to control timing and is closed during the second dwell to control metering.

Abstract: A modular unit fluid pump-injector for pumping and injecting fuel into an engine combustion chamber is disclosed and includes a first retainer (68) for sealably and removably retaining the pump cylinder (32) against the housing (18) and a second retainer (148) for sealably and removably retaining an encapsulated injector assembly (28) against the first retainer (68).Unlike conventional unit fluid pump-injectors which have a single elongated sleeve-type nut enclosing and clamping a stacked plurality of both pump and injector components, the modular design is less prone to excessive fuel leakage and the plunger binding during assembly. The modular design also facilities easy assembly or removal of the encapsulated injector assembly (28) to or from the first retainer (68) without altering the position or arrangement of the pump elements (32,34) relative to the first retainer (68).

Abstract: A reciprocable plunger fuel injection pump includes a plunger mounted in a pump barrel. A spring abutment is secured to the plunger and is engaged by one end of a spring the other end of which engages a further spring abutment slidable about the barrel. The barrel is provided with transverse apertures which locate balls which are held in an operative position by the abutment. The balls can be engaged by a step on the plunger to limit the outward movement of the plunger.

Abstract: A diesel fuel system including a cam actuated unit injector employing a single control valve controlling the establishing and disestablishing of a hydraulic link in a timing chamber between a driven piston and a metering piston. The cam is configured to temporarily halt the upward motion of the pumping piston during a fuel metering period and until the disestablishment of the hydraulic link.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus includes a pumping plunger operated in synchronism with an engine and a pumping cylinder into which the pumping plunger is inserted. A pump chamber is defined by the pumping plunger and pumping cylinder. An injection plunger operated by a hydraulic pressure in the pump chamber is inserted into an injection cylinder leading to the pump chamber to define an injection pump chamber. Fuel supplied from a fuel source is, after adjusted to a predetermined amount, supplied to the injection pump chamber. A fuel return passage is connected to the pump chamber and a blocking mechanism is disposed on the fuel return passage to block the passage at an optimal fuel injection time of an engine. The fuel in the pump chamber is discharged by a discharge mechanism at the fuel injection finishing time.

Abstract: A unit injector (2) of the cam actuated, open nozzle type is disclosed in which an extremely compact injector body (4) has a minimum number of internal flow passages (66, 72) designed to reduce the complexity and cost of manufacture of the injector. The invention is characterized by an injector body (4) having an exterior shape designed to form a fuel supply flow path (22) and an isolated fuel drain flow path (24) between the exterior surface of the injector body (4) and the interior surface of the recess (6) in which the injector (2) is designed to be received. This arrangement allows a very simple pattern of radial passages (66, 72) to be formed in the injector body (4) even through the injector (2) is designed to provide scavenging fuel flow previously requiring a much more complex injector design.

Abstract: A unit injector having a mechanically driven piston and a remotely situated metering piston situated in a bore. The interplunger volume defining a timing chamber and the volume below the metering piston defining a metering chamber. The injector further including a single electrically responsive valve for controlling the functions of injection timing and fuel metering and a single dump port fabricated in the walls of the bore for relieving the fuel pressure on the timing chamber which correspondingly permits the pressure of fuel in the metering chamber to be decreased.

Abstract: A fuel injector valve assembly primarily for use with a diesel engine, including an improved barrel unit comprising an annular, generally cylindrical body having a plurality of internally-disposed, transversely and longitudinally-arranged passageways for the flow of fuel therein. The internal fuel passageways and ports are substantially rectangular rather than round. As a result, the injector operates at lower temperatures. A positive correlation has been discovered between lower injector temperatures in a diesel engine and lower exhaust smoke emission. A positive correlation has been discovered between lower injector temperature and better fuel economy and better horsepower output.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector assembly (2, 88) is disclosed for periodically injecting fuel of a variable quantity on a cycle to cycle basis as a function of the pressure of fuel supplied to the injector from a source of fuel (48) and at a variable time during each cycle as a function of the pressure of a timing fluid supplied to the injector from a source of timing fluid (54). A reciprocating plunger assembly (24,146) is received within the injector body (10, 106) and includes an upper plunger section (26, 148), a lower plunger section (28,150) and an intermediate plunger section (30,152) in order to define a variable volume timing chamber (32,138), a variable volume injection chamber (34,162) and a variable volume compensation chamber (36,176).

Abstract: A fuel injection device is proposed which has a free piston hydraulically driven by a pump piston and controlling the relieving of the pump work chamber. To this end, the free piston is embodied in two parts, comprising a control piston and a relief piston displaceable relative thereto and oriented toward the pump work chamber. The two pistons enclose between them a relief chamber, which at the end of supply can be made to communicate via a relief conduit with a chamber of lower pressure. This free piston is also usable with fuel injection pumps which supply the injection quantity via a long pressure line to the injection nozzles located on the engine; however, it is particularly advantageously usable with a pump/nozzle, in which the injection pump and the injection nozzle are combined into a single component.

Abstract: A fuel injector is provided for each cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the injector including an electronically operated control valve disposed between supply passage and a timing chamber to control the admission of fuel into and out of the timing chamber. A primary pumping piston and a secondary floating piston are axially spaced within the central bore of the injection body, and a normally closed injection nozzle is situated at one end of the injector body. A mechanical linkage associated with the camshaft of the engine drives the primary pumping piston against the bias of a main spring. The timing chamber is defined between the pistons and a metering chamber is defined between the secondary piston and the nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for a diesel engine having injection and metering modes of operation for delivering fuel to an engine comprising a plurality of fuel injectors wherein each of said fuel injectors comprise a first port, a second port and a metering chamber for storing a premetered quantity of fuel, during the metering mode of operation, prior to the injection of said premetered quantity of fuel into the engine during the injection mode of operation.

Abstract: A hydraulic advance device for selectively transmitting applied forces to a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine. The device is operative to select a normal or advanced timing of the fuel injection. An outer cylindrical body (66) is mounted in the upper end of a fuel injector adapter. An inner body (108) is slidably received in an outer body and a pressure responsive plunger (104) is slidably received in a bore formed in the inner body and defines in cooperation therewith a fluid chamber (128). A one-way valve (132) in the chamber permits fluid above a predetermined pressure applied during the advanced stage of the fuel injection cycle to enter the chamber which prevents movement of the plunger relative to the inner body member.

Abstract: A unit injector (200,300,400,500) of the cam actuated, open nozzle type is disclosed including an extremely compact injector body (202,302,402,502) having a minimum number of internal flow passages and a two piece injector plunger (222,308,310,412,506,510) arranged to provide pressure/time metering (all embodiments), scavenging fuel flow (all embodiments), hydraulic timing (all embodiments), fuel cut off (all embodiments), wear compensation in advance timing mode (all embodiments) and sharp cut off of fuel injection without high "crush" loads and wear injection without high "crush" loads and wear compensation in retard and advance modes (embodiment of FIG. 3).

Abstract: This device comprises a body provided with a bore in which a plunger is slidably mounted, this plunger is movable between a lower position in which it obturates injection nozzles provided through the bottom of the bore, and an upper position where it is spaced from the bottom. Metering means comprise a feed groove provided in the piston wall and opening on the tapered end thereof, this groove having an upper edge inclined to the piston axis. This upper edge co-operates with a fuel inlet port. A similar groove is provided in the piston wall, this groove having an inclined upper edge co-operating with a fuel discharge port. Fuel metering is achieved by rotation of the plunger about its axis.

Abstract: A unit injector (200, 300, 400, 500, 600) of the cam actuated, open nozzle type is disclosed including an extremely compact injector body (202, 302, 402, 502) having a minimum number of internal flow passages and a two piece injector plunger (222, 308, 310, 412, 506, 510, 606, 612) arranged to provide pressure/time metering (all embodiments), scavenging fuel flow (all embodiments), hydraulic timing (all embodiments), fuel cut off (embodiments of FIGS. 1, 3 and 4), wear compensation in advance timing mode (all embodiments) and sharp cut off of fuel injection without high "crush" loads and wear compensation in retard and advance modes (embodiment of FIG. 3).

Abstract: A unit injector (200, 300, 400, 500, 600) of the cam actuated, open nozzle type is disclosed including an extremely compact injector body (202, 302, 402, 502) having a minimum number of internal flow passages and a two piece injector plunger (222, 308, 310, 412, 506, 510, 606, 612) arranged to provide pressure/time metering (all embodiments), scavenging fuel flow (all embodiments), hydraulic timing (all embodiments), fuel cut off (embodiments of FIGS. 1, 3 and 4), wear compensation in advance timing mode (all embodiments) and sharp cut off of fuel injection without high "crush" loads and wear compensation in retard and advance modes (embodiment of FIG. 3).

Abstract: A nozzle for the air injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine cylinder. Included is a plunger reciprocably mounted in a nozzle body to define an air chamber for receiving compressed air from the combustion chamber during the compression stroke of the piston in the engine cylinder. Formed integral with the plunger, a needle valve defines within the nozzle body a fuel chamber for receiving fuel to be injected. A nozzle tip secured to the nozzle body founds a premixing chamber open directly to the combustion chamber and further in communication with both air chamber and fuel chamber. Thus, upon descent of the plunger at the end of the compression stroke, the fuel from the fuel chamber is intimately premixed in the premixing chamber with the compressed air from the air chamber, prior to introduction into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A cam driven fuel injector comprising: a body defining a bore; a driven or pumping piston reciprocatively situated with the bore; a metering piston reciprocatively positioned within the bore remote from the pumping piston; and a metering chamber defined in the bore below the metering piston. A spring is situated within a cavity or spring cage remote from the bore and a nozzle extends into the spring cage in biasing engagement with the spring to urge it to a closed position during non-injecting periods. The injector further including means for dumping the fuel within the metering chamber to the supply through the spring cage in correspondence with the motion of the metering piston; and for stabilizing the pressure force exerted on the nozzle, during the dumping portion of operation, by the fuel within the spring cage with the pressure force exerted on the nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel injector for use on an internal combustion engine which includes a housing enclosing a cylindrical barrel having a bore formed therein. The barrel cooperates with the housing to form an annular cavity therebetween. Axially movable within the bore is a plunger and a piston which are spaced apart. The housing also has a nozzle situated at one end which communicates with the bore for releasing fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine. Formed within the bore between the plunger and the piston is a timing chamber and formed between the piston and the nozzle is a metering chamber. Pressurized fluid is directed into the timing chamber, into the metering chamber and into one end of the annular cavity by passages which are arranged in the housing and in the barrel. The passage leading into the end of the annular cavity has a control valve positioned across it such that fluid pressure can be varied to that end of the annular cavity.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, comprising cylinder which has a delivery plunger slidable therein, an injection plunger which is hydraulically actuated by the delivery plunger and which defines an injection pump chamber, a timing plunger which defines a timing pump chamber selectively connected to a drain and which is hydraulically actuated by the delivery plunger to control the connection of the timing pump chamber to the drain, a controllable electromagnetic control valve, balance timing orifice, non-return valve, fuel passage and metering groove feeding the fuel into the injection and timing pump chambers, and nozzle for injecting the fuel delivered by the injection pump chamber, the injection plunger and timing plunger being axially displaced by the fuel fed into the respective pump chambers, in directions opposite to the directions of the movement of the two plungers caused by the delivery plunger, through a stroke in proportion to the amount of the fed fuel.

Abstract: A low pressure sealing arrangement for a fuel injector which includes a housing containing a cylindrical barrel having a bore formed therein. Within the bore is positioned an axially movable plunger and piston which form a timing chamber therebetween. An inner surface of the housing cooperates with an outer surface of the barrel to form an annular cavity and a passage connects one end of the annular cavity with the timing chamber. Located within the annular cavity itself is arranged a pressure activated valve which is surrounded by a cylindrical sleeve. The pressure activated valve is spring biased to a closed position and is movable between an open and a closed position to regulate the flow of fluid into the timing chamber. The outer surface of the pressure activated valve cooperates with the inner surface of a cylindrical sleeve to form a first low pressure seal therewith when the valve is in the closed position.

Abstract: Fuel injection apparatus often uses valves which rapidly move in a start and stop motion for the purpose of starting and stopping injection. Undesirable inertial forces result from such start-stop movement of the valves. To limit such undesirable forces, a pair of valves (72,92) are provided for continuous rotation for starting and stopping injection.

Abstract: A fuel injector (10) is provided for each cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the injector including an electronically operated control valve (146) disposed between supply passage 42 and a timing chamber (98) to control the admission of fuel into and out of the timing chamber. A primary pumping plunger (62) and a secondary plunger (90) are axially spaced within the central bore of the injection body, and a normally closed injection nozzle (14) is situated at one end of the injector body. A mechanical linkage (27, 28, 30) associated with the camshaft of the engine drives the primary pumping plunger (62) against the bias of a main spring (18). The timing chamber (98) is defined between the plungers (62, 90) and a metering chamber (128) is defined between the secondary plunger (90) and the nozzle (14).

Abstract: A fuel injector (10) is provided for each cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the injector including an electronically operated control valve (146) disposed between supply passage (42) and a timing chamber (98) to control the admission of fuel into and out of the timing chamber. A primary pumping plunger (62) and a secondary plunger (90) are axially spaced within the central bore of the injection body, and a normally closed injection nozzle (14) is situated at one end of the injector body. A mechanical linkage (27, 28, 30) associated with the camshaft of the engine drives the primary pumping plunger (62) against the bias of a main spring (18). The timing chamber (98) is defined between the plungers (62, 90) and a metering chamber (128) is defined between the secondary plunger (90) and the nozzle (14).

Abstract: A fuel system for a multi-cylinder engine comprises a plurality of injection nozzles mounted on an engine to direct fuel into respective combustion spaces of the engine. Each nozzle incorporates a resiliently loaded pressure actuated valve member which controls the flow of fuel through an outlet from a fuel inlet. A fuel pump is provided for supplying fuel to the inlets in turn. Pilot pumps incorporated in the nozzles respectively cause a small volume of fuel to be delivered through the respective outlets in advance of the main volume of fuel.

Abstract: A hydraulically operated fuel injector for compression-ignition engines which includes an electronically or pneumatically operated hydraulic pilot-control valve which is supplied with fuel under substantially constant pressure from a pump driven directly or indirectly by the engine. The pilot-control valve is connected by supply and exhaust passages to a slave valve which in turn controls the admission of fuel to a charging cavity located adjacent to an outlet valve to the combustion chamber. The slave valve is a stepped diameter piston which functions as a pressure amplifier for the fuel supply to the combustion chamber. Fuel from the pump which is received at relatively low pressure through the slave valve is amplified to high pressures sufficient to overcome compression and combustion pressures of the engine and the resistance of spring seated injector outlets and/or the fuel supply orifice(s).

Abstract: The unit fuel injector disclosed is directly mountable on cylinder heads in an internal combustion compression ignited engine. The device includes a housing with a spring-biased cam operated reciprocating piston mounted therein. The ported piston has a constant length stroke in the two embodiments disclosed. The quantity of fuel injected on each constant length stroke is determined by a movable ported sleeve member in which the piston reciprocates. Fuel is supplied to the unit fuel injector through appropriate porting in the cylinder head in a conventional manner.

Abstract: A fuel injection system comprises a cam, an injection pump, a delivery valve, an injection pipe, a nozzle holder, and a nozzle. The fuel oil passage in the nozzle holder is reduced in diameter as compared with the inside diameter of the injection pipe, with the ratio F3/F1, or the ratio of the effective flow-passage cross sectional area F3 of the fuel oil passage to that F1 of the injection pipe, ranging from about 0.5 to 0.15, over the length l of the fuel oil passage which is 90 to 30 times the inside diameter of the injection pipe, so that the fluctuation of fuel pressure in the injection pipe is converted to kinetic energy thereby to control abnormalities of fuel injection.