Abstract: The object of the present invention is a method for making mechanical pulp, such as thermomechanical or chemi-thermomechanical stock. The mechanical pulp is used as a raw material for printing paper, and its freeness value is 30-70 ml CSF. The stock refined by the method is screened in several stages to form accept and reject stock portions. The wood raw material is refined at the first stage of refining at a superatmospheric pressure of over 400 kPa to form a stock that has a freeness value of 250-700 ml CSF.

Abstract: The present invention relates to phosphated derivatives of castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil as well as phosphated esters of ricinoleic acid. The inclusion of the phosphate group results in improved water solubility and a series of dispersants and emulsifiers that provide excellent particulate dispersing properties.

Abstract: A process for making singulated pulp flakes is provided. The process includes dewatering liquid pulp stock to a consistency of about 30 to about 50% solids. The process includes initial flaking to break up the dewatered pulp bundles into semi-uniform flakes having a median size of from about 3 to about 5 mm3 and a consistency of from about 33 to about 55% solids. The process includes drying the flaked pulp to a consistency of from about 85 to about 97% solids. The process includes flaking a second time to separate the flakes that may have bonded during drying. The product “singulated” flakes then go to a baler for packaging. In another embodiment, the process includes blending the liquid pulp stock with at least one adjuvant prior to dewatering.

Abstract: Post-processing methods for nanoparticles are disclosed. Methods for real time quality control of nanoscale powder manufacture are discussed. Uses of post-processed particles and consolidation methods are disclosed. Disclosed methods can enable commercial use of nanoscale powders in wide range of nanotechnology applications.

Abstract: A small-scale or micro media-mill and a method of milling materials or products, especially pharmaceutical products, use a dispersion containing attrition milling media and the product to be milled. The milling media can be polymeric, formed of polystyrene or cross-linked polystyrene, having a nominal diameter of no greater than 500 microns. Other sizes include 200 microns and 50 microns and a mixture of these sizes. The mill has a relatively small vessel having an opening, an agitator, a coupling and a motor. The agitator can have a rotor and a shaft extending therefrom. The rotor can be cylindrical or have other configurations, and can have tapered end surfaces. The coupling can close the vessel opening, or attaching the coupling to the motor can close the opening. The coupling has an opening through which the rotor shaft extends into the motor. A sealing mechanism, such as a mechanical or lip seals the shaft while permitting the rotor shaft to rotate.

Abstract: A method of using polymeric grinding media to produce fine solid particles or fine solid dispersions in liquid, such as pigment dispersions for inks, is provided. The method of the present invention limits packing and plugging problems associated with polymeric media to allow efficient milling operation.

Abstract: The device for the in situ disposal of incontinence articles comprises a basic housing (11) in which is placed a device (20) made of a drum-type housing (21) with an upper filling opening (22) and a cylindrical drum (30) placed in the inner space (23) of the housing (21), stationary or which can be set rotating about a horizontal axis of rotation (24) in one direction or alternately by means of a first driving device (25), with a filling opening (32) for the material to dispose of and with two wall plates (33, 34) closing both drum openings (30a, 30b) on the front side, the first wall plate (33) being connected with the drum housing and the second wall plate (34) being configured displaceable by means of a second driving device (35) in the drum rotation axis longitudinal direction or displaceable and rotatable about its center axis, whereby both front side drum wall plates (34, 35) carry on their opposing wall faces (33a, 34a) cutting, separating and disintegrating knives (40, 140) penetrating into the drum i

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for treating solid waste with an organic fraction. A slurry (4) of the waste (1) diluted with water (3) is sieved, at least by means of a sieving device (5) which lets pieces through whose dimension in at least one direction, and preferably in at least two standing directions, is situated between 2 and 20 mm, after which, from the slurry (7) which has passed through, a part of the ferrous metals (8) which are present in the waste (1) is removed from said waste by means of magnets, and the slurry (7) is finally dewatered.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a method for making mechanical pulp, such as thermomechanical or chemi-thermomechanical stock. The mechanical pulp is utilised as a raw material for printing paper, and its freeness value is 30—70 ml CSF. According to the method, the refined stock is screened in several stages into accept and reject stock portions. The stock is screened at a consistency of not less than 10%.

Abstract: There is provided a process for reducing particle size of a drug, the process comprising (a) a step of dispersing about 10 g or less of the drug in a suitable volume of a liquid dispersion medium to form a suspension; (b) a step of bringing together in a vessel grinding media, magnetically activatable means for stirring and the suspension; (c) a step of magnetically activating the means for stirring to effect milling of the suspension to a weight average particle size not greater than about 1 &mgr;m; and (d) a step of separating the resulting milled suspension from the grinding media and the magnetically activatable means for stirring.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of milling small quantities of one or more candidate compounds to reduce the particle size of at least one candidate compound to about 2 microns or less. The apparatus used for the milling process can be one or more multi-well plates, or any other suitable apparatus. The resultant products are dispersions of nanoparticulate candidate compounds. The method is particularly suited for increasing the effectiveness of high throughput screening (“HTS”).

Abstract: When elemental iron is in the presence of chlorinated compounds (contaminants) a naturally occurring reaction takes place and the chlorinated compounds are reduced and form harmless compounds. The production of extremely small metal particles containing elemental iron or a mixture of elemental iron and a second metal is imperative to this method of treating contaminants and is the subject of the present invention. When the particle is made small enough a surfactant is not required for the particle to do its job. The elemental metal may be kept in an elemental state by keeping it in an oxygen-scavenging environment. This is achieved by either suspending the nanoscale metal in a carbohydrate solution or by injecting a carbohydrate solution in atomized form into the gas used to inject the metal into the subsurface soil.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of fiber stock for the production of paper or cardboard, including the steps of:

Abstract: The invention is an efficient and cost-effective method of recovering carpet materials by reducing carpet into size-reduced fibers, slurrying the size-reduced fibers in a liquid medium, and then selectively separating the size-reduced fibers in a centrifuge. The present method is particularly appropriate for recovering nylon or polyester face fibers from post-industrial, pre-consumer carpet waste.

Abstract: A process for producing fine particulate polymer drag reducing agent (DRA) by without cryogenic temperatures, is described. The grinding or pulverizing of polymer, such as poly(alpha-olefin) may be achieved by the use of at least one solid organic grinding aid and at least one liquid grinding aid. In one non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the grinding is conducted at ambient temperature. Examples of a solid organic grinding aid include ethene/butene copolymer particles, paraffin waxes and solid alcohols. An example of a suitable liquid grinding aid includes a blend of glycol, water and isopropyl alcohol. Particulate DRA may be produced at a size of about 500 microns or less. Use of an attrition mill is preferred.

Abstract: A colloid mill utilizes a motor-driven shaft configuration that connects to the rotor of the colloid mill to the electric motor rotor. In this way, the mill rotor shaft is directly driven. Complex gear or belt drive arrangements between a separate electric motor and the fluid processing components of the colloid mill are thus avoided. Moreover, the gap between the mill rotor and mill stator can be adjusted simply by axially translating the motor-driven shaft. Such translation is provided by a timing belt-based arrangement to limit backlash. As a result, a simple hand-operated knob or stepper motor arrangement can be used to control the gap.

Abstract: A small-scale or micro media-mill and a method of milling materials or products, especially pharmaceutical products, use a dispersion containing attrition milling media and the product to be milled. The milling media can be polymeric, formed of polystyrene or cross-linked polystyrene, having a nominal diameter of no greater than 500 microns. Other sizes include 200 microns and 50 microns and a mixture of these sizes. The mill has a relatively small vessel having an opening, an agitator, a coupling and a motor. The agitator can have a rotor and a shaft extending therefrom. The rotor can be cylindrical or have other configurations, and can have tapered end surfaces. The coupling can close the vessel opening, or attaching the coupling to the motor can close the opening. The coupling has an opening through which the rotor shaft extends into the motor. A sealing mechanism, such as a mechanical or lip seals the shaft while permitting the rotor shaft to rotate.

Abstract: A shredder system and method in which wet chips travel in a flume. The wet chips in a fluid transport travel in a trough to a shredder having a shredder assembly made up of a plurality of combs that cooperate with a plurality of sizing members with at least a portion of the combs and members being positioned within the trough. The trough preferably is located above ground and the wet chips can be shredded in the trough without removal of the wet chips form the trough.

Abstract: The pulper device for waste paper material comprises: a container (9) for collecting said waste, having an inlet opening (11) for said waste, at least one pressurized water nozzle (13; 15) which produces a jet of water which intercepts the waste which falls into said container, and a first pump (27) which removes the water and waste from said container.

Abstract: A process for preparing a finely divided preparation of a drug substance comprising wet milling a suspension of the drug substance in a mill having at least one chamber and agitation means, said chamber(s) and/or said agitation means comprising nylon, wherein the nylon comprises one or more internal lubricants results in finely divided preparations of a drug substance in which the level of grinding media contamination and process contamination are reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for continuously recovering a waste paint comprising: feeding a booth-circulating water containing paint particles discharged from a paint booth to a first separation tank, and adding a dispersing agent and a floatation agent into the first separation tank to finely divide and disperse the paint particles for floating; feeding a liquid containing the paint particles into a second separation tank to roughly separate a liquid containing paint flocculate and a liquid containing no paint flocculate; transferring the liquid containing paint flocculate roughly separated in the second separation tank to a foreign-matter separation tank to remove a foreign matter contained in the liquid containing paint flocculate by retaining the liquid in the foreign-matter separation tank; and separating the paint flocculate from the liquid containing paint flocculate having been subjected to the removing treatment of the foreign matter to collect the paint flocculate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for grinding a plastic material to produce superfine particles and compositions, such as suspensions and dry powders, resulting from such process. Common ice is the abrasive for grinding.

Abstract: Waste that contains fibres and combustible material is slushed in a continuous-operation high-consistency pulper (10) to suspend in water the fibres contained in the waste. From the pulper (10) are discharged substantially continuously a fibre suspension (P1) through a screen plate; and non-defibrable material (R1) by means of a mechanical transfer device (22). The fibre suspension (P1) is sorted and cleaned for use as raw material in paper or board. The non-defibrable material (R1) and the rejects (R2-R4) separated from the fibre suspension (P1) in the sorting and cleaning stages are used as fuel in energy production and/or utilized as raw material.

Abstract: A pressure differential material transport system to transfer materials with an airflow to a sewer system. Embodiments of the pressure differential material transport system may be used for residential or industrial applications to dispose of materials to the sewer or to a comminutor to reduce the size of materials prior to disposal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reducing particle size by the use of a supercritical gas, such as carbon dioxide or a refrigerant. The material is swollen by the supercritical gas at a high pressure. After the material has been allowed to swell under a high pressure, the pressure is rapidly dropped. When the external pressure is rapidly dropped, the material explodes as the supercritical gas absorbed into the material rapidly expands outward.

Abstract: A fine flaky copper powder having an average major axis diameter of 4 to 10 &mgr;m and a flakiness of 2 to 20, has a bulk density of 2 to 4 g/cm3 and a BET specific surface area of 0.4 to 1.5 m2/g; A process for producing the copper powder includes introducing a copper slurry into a medium type agitation mill and flattening the powder.

Abstract: Method of shaping solid, particulate materials, which comprises forming a raw slurry of the starting material, in a liquid which is a partial solvent of said material, and submitting the slurry to treatment by ultrasound generators to produce therein ultrasonic vibrations which shape and grind the starting, particulate material to produce a shaped slurry of ground and shaped particles. The shaped particles may be separated from their slurry by removing the partial solvent by decantation and/or filtration. The partial solvent may be a liquid in which the material to be shaped has a solubility comprised between 1 and 10, wherein the solubility is expressed as grams of material that are dissolved in 100 ml of the liquid at a temperature of 20° C. The partial solvent can be chosen from among acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and mixtures of said solvents with one another or other solvents and/or a minor amount of water, and may also be an organic solvent.

Abstract: A composition for substrate materials according to the present invention includes 70-95 wt. % of inorganic powder and 5-30 wt. % of thermosetting resin composition and is in a finely crushed condition. The composition for substrate materials is prepared, for example, by crushing into fine pieces and mixing the inorganic powder and the thermosetting resin composition. A heat conductive substrate is provided with an insulator body formed by heating and pressurizing said composition for substrate materials and a wiring pattern is provided in such a condition that it is exposed on the surface of the insulator body. A process for manufacturing the heat conductive substrate comprises forming said composition for substrate materials into the insulator body by casting the above mentioned composition for substrate materials into a metal mold to be heated and pressurized so that said thermosetting resin is cured.

Abstract: A method for preparing dispersions of solid salts of fatty acids in low polarity liquids where a concentrated mixture of at least 50 percent of the solid salts of fatty acids in a low polarity liquid is subjected to high shearing forces, until the average particle size of the solid salts of fatty acids is less than 3 micron. The dispersion may then be diluted with the low polarity liquid to a lower concentration. The solid salt of the fatty acid is most preferably magnesium stearate, and the low polarity liquid is preferably a polydimethylsiloxane fluid having a viscosity of less than 100 centistoke (mm2/s).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reducing particle size by the use of a supercritical fluid, generally carbon dioxide. The material is swollen by the supercritical carbon dioxide at a high pressure. After the material has been allowed to swell under a high pressure, the pressure is rapidly dropped. When the external pressure is rapidly dropped, the material explodes as the supercritical gas absorbed into the material rapidly expands outward.

Abstract: A pump and grinder assembly is provided for use with a steam producing device having a housing defining a water chamber. The assembly includes a motor having a rotatable output shaft and a pump and grinder shaft coupled to the output shaft for rotation therewith. A blade assembly, having a plurality of blades, is secured to the pump and grinder shaft for rotation therewith. A housing is interconnected to a stationary portion of the motor and defines a grinding chamber housing the blades therein. The assembly is mountable on a steam producing device so that the grinding chamber communicates with the water chamber of the steam producing device. The pump and grinder assembly is operatively effective for pumping water and loose scale contained within the water out of the steam producing device and grinding the scale into relatively smaller pieces.

Abstract: A paper pulp refiner with control system employs active hydrostatic bearings for supporting the refiner rotor, at least in part, the hydrostatic bearings are defined between the refiner rotor plates (25, 55) and stator plates (22, 60) through openings (40, 62, 85) formed in the stator plates for the admission of active hydrostatic fluid. The control fluid flows into the refiner gap under controlled volume and pressure, employing the refining plates as active hydrostatic bearings and flows into the process fluid. Hydrostatic control fluid is used, which is non-contaminated to the process fluid. The rotors of the paper pulp refiners may also be controlled by hydrostatic bearing surfaces formed between relative rotating and non-rotating components, such surfaces having passageways also opening into the process fluid. In the event of loss of control or function, the refiner may continue to operate on the hydrostatic bearings until the control function can be restored.

Abstract: A process for milling a solid substrate in the milling chamber of a dispersion or media mill in the presence of a two or more compositions of milling media bodies is disclosed wherein all milling media bodies contribute to the grinding of the solid substrate and wherein at least one composition of media bodies provides fragments of milling media bodies that are retained with the milled solid substrate particles in the form of a synergetic commixture produced in the milling process.

Abstract: An apparatus (10; 100) for wet granulating comprising a vessel (12; 112) for holding a material to be granulated, means for agitating (16; 116) the material and a fluid supply means (32; 132) having an outlet (40; 140) for introducing fluid into the vessel (12; 112), the outlet (40; 140) having a size such that, at a flow rate of fluid suitable for granulating the material, fluid emerges from the outlet (40; 140) substantially in the form of a jet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing oily suspensions of water-soluble vitamins which comprises

Abstract: The invention in one aspect is a process and apparatus for converting tablet type material into a palatable fluid including the steps of placing the tablet type material into the apparatus, having a removable container, and applying automatic tablet disintegrating means to the table material then mixing the disintegrated tablet material with a palatable fluid and discarding or washing the container after the mixture has been ingested.

Abstract: This invention describes a process for preparing a dispersion of solid particles of a milled substrate in a fluid carrier comprising the steps of (a) providing a plurality of large size milling media to the milling chamber of a media mill and forming a depth filter therefrom on an exit screen or separator in the milling chamber; (b) adding to said milling chamber a plurality of small size milling media optionally containing additional large size milling media, a conglomerate of a solid substance comprising a substrate to be milled and optionally one or more than one surface active substance, and a fluid carrier; (c) milling said conglomerate in said milling chamber to produce very small milled substrate product particles; and (d) separating said milled substrate particles suspended in said fluid carrier from the media through said depth filter; wherein the exit screen comprises openings of size S0; the large size media have a size distribution S1 of which all are larger than S0; the small size media have a si

Abstract: A method includes mixing a contaminated material with water in a wet-type mixing and grinding mill. The water is agitated. The Agitated water goes through the contaminated material. Larger particles are separated from smaller particles by an alternating and mechanical energy field acting in the mixing and grinding mill. An eluate is exposed to mechano-chemically activated sorbens material. The solids are separated from the water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the comminution of bulk materials comprising synthetic polymers which do not have an elastomeric behavior by mechanical, thermal or electromagnetic loading of the bulk materials, which comprises treating the bulk materials, before and/or during the loading, with oxidants which have a redox potential of greater than 1.5 V or subjecting them to corona, UV or plasma treatment without complete oxidation of the synthetic polymer taking place.

Abstract: The present invention relates to variant EGIII cellulases that have improved stability and/or performance. The variant cellulases have replacements at sensitive residues to improve stability and/or performance.

Abstract: A pest control insulation building material from recycled waste paper including one or more chemical additives. The base material is fiberized, and the chemical additives may include: pesticides, disease immune additives (medicines), ammonia dust inhibitors, fire retardants, stabilizers or other additives, depending on the characteristics desired of the final product. At least one of the additives is applied as a liquid.

Abstract: There is a method for which a sewage sludge is permitted to flow from a first connecting region 21 to a treatment device, which works with rotation and stresses the sewage sludge with severing parts, and from the treatment device to a second connecting region 1. It is desirable to improve the continuity to the operation and to attain a decisive increase in the disintegration. This is achieved by using a rapidly rotating pipe-head formation, which has a head 6 with radial openings 10 and radial wings 4, for the mechanical disintegration of biogenic sewage sludge. The edges of the openings exert a shear effect, while the wings exert an impact effect and the combination of these two actions, in conjunction with the rapid rotation, brings about the improvement in the disintegration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sustained release composition comprising micron particles of labile agent and a method of preparing and using the sustained release composition. The invention further relates to micron particles of a labile agent and a method of preparing the micron particles.

Abstract: A pulper in a stock preparation system includes a housing with a fiber inlet, at least one water inlet, at least one outlet and an inner chamber. A plurality of rotatable augers extend into the inner chamber.

Abstract: The mill comprises a cylindrical shell ring (10) revolving about its longitudinal axis and containing a grinding charge comprising grinding bodies made of metal alloy. At least one grinding body (30) identical to those that make up the grinding charge is fixed to an elastomer or rubber pedestal (28), itself fixed to the interior surface of the shell ring. This grinding body (30) is exposed to the conditions inside the mill and is associated with a reference electrode (36) from which it is electrically insulated. This reference electrode (36) is protected from the impact knocks of the charge in the mill but is in electrical contact with the pulp in the mill, the said grinding body (30) and the said electrode (36) being electrically connected to measurement apparatus (18) fixed inside the shell ring of the mill.

Abstract: Process for preparing dry broke in one of a paper, cardboard or coating machine. The process includes diluting the dry broke to a consistency of between about 15 to 60%, and slushing the dry broke with shear forces sufficient to crush filler particles in the dry broke.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a method for making mechanical pulp, such as thermomechanical or chemi-thermomechanical stock. The mechanical pulp is used as a raw material for printing paper, and its freeness value is 30-70 ml CSF. The stock refined by the method is screened in several stages to form accept and reject stock portions. The wood raw material is refined at the first stage of refining at a superatmospheric pressure of over 400 kPa to form a stock that has a freeness value of 250-700 ml CSF.

Abstract: The present invention relates to variant EGIII cellulases that have improved stability and/or performance. The variant cellulases have replacements at sensitive residues to improve stability and/or performance.

Abstract: A pressure differential material transport system to transfer materials with an airflow to a sewer system. Embodiments of the pressure differential material transport system may be used for residential or industrial applications to dispose of materials to the sewer or to a comminutor to reduce the size of materials prior to disposal.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the preparation of a solid particles of a compound. The process includes milling the compound in the presence of milling media composed of ceramic particles having an average size of 0.1 to 20 mm. The ceramic particles are composed of a tetragonal zirconia core and a continuous hard case shell comprising cubic zirconia, monoclinic zirconia, spinel or zircon.