Abstract: A method for continuous aeraulic separation of particulate materials consisting of a mixture of particles that is heterogeneous in both particle size and density is provided. The method includes grinding particles of materials, generating a gas stream conveying the ground particles, first aeraulic separation on the gas stream in order to separate the particles it contains into a first fraction consisting of the coarsest particles with variable densities and a second fraction consisting of the finest particles. A second aeraulic separation is performed on the first fraction in order to separate the particles that it contains into a third fraction consisting of the coarsest and/or most dense particles and a fourth fraction consisting of the least coarse and/or the least dense particles.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include devices, systems, methods, and control systems for processing a feedstock into an output product having variable preselected characteristics. Various system components may include: 1) a feeder configured to convey the feedstock; 2) a mechanical pulverizer configured to pulverize the feedstock received by the feeder into pulverized feedstock; and 3) an air conveyor for conveying an air flow into the mechanical pulverizer and to draw the air flow from the mechanical pulverizer to a fines separator. The pulverized feedstock includes one or more of heavy fines, particulates, moisture, or combinations thereof. The air flow from the mechanical pulverizer includes at least a portion of the pulverized feedstock, wherein the portion of the pulverized feedstock is conveyed by the air flow.

Abstract: A morselizer has a first end section with an axially and radially hollow luer fitting, a second end section with an axially and radially hollow luer fitting, a housing juxtaposed therebetween, a channel extending axially between the first end section and the second end section and through the housing providing an axial liquid pathway therein, and at least one blade disposed within the housing. Each end of the morselizer is attachable to a structure with a complimentarily sized luer fitting. In an embodiment, the morselizer facilitates atraumatic resizing of material through axial liquid transfer, by transferring material from a first structure attached to the first end section, thence through the channel, where material is resized by the blade, and through the second end section to a second structure attached to the second end section. The resized material may be suitable for injection, such as through a fine needle.

Abstract: An ammunition disposal system having a chute access portion; a collection chamber attached such that a chute access portion interior cavity is in fluid communication with a collection chamber interior cavity; a shredder assembly attached such that the collection chamber interior cavity is in fluid communication with a shredder assembly interior cavity, with one or more shredder blade assemblies positioned within the shredder assembly interior cavity; a hopper attached such that the shredder assembly interior cavity is in fluid communication with a hopper interior cavity; an extractor attached such that the hopper interior cavity is in fluid communication with an extractor interior cavity, and wherein an auger is positioned within at least a portion of the extractor interior cavity; and a liquid contained within at least a portion of the collection chamber interior cavity, the shredder assembly interior cavity, the hopper interior cavity, and the extractor interior cavity.

Abstract: A waste disposer comprising a primary dehydrating chamber, a grinding device, a secondary dehydrating chamber, and a storage chamber. The primary dehydrating chamber is adapted to allow waste to be heated therein to partly dehydrate the waste. The primary dehydrating chamber has: a first waste inlet for receiving the waste, a first vapor outlet for exhausting vapor from the waste, a drainage outlet for draining free liquid from the waste, and a first waste outlet for outputting the partly dehydrated waste. The grinding device is adapted to receive the waste from the first waste outlet and grind the waste to reduce the size thereof. The secondary dehydrating chamber is adapted to allow the ground waste to be heated therein to further dehydrate the waste. The secondary dehydrating chamber has a second waste inlet for receiving the ground waste, a second vapor outlet for exhausting vapor from the waste, and a second waste outlet for outputting the further dehydrated waste.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pulse polishing machine. In one embodiment, the machine includes a base frame having protruded vertical supports at longitudinal ends and a rotor assembly placed between the vertical supports through a drive shaft. Rotor assembly having plurality of rotary disks mounted at the ends and centre of the drive shaft and a circular cam assembly fixed on the rotary disks. Further, a sheet basket assembly having plurality of circular shaped segments surrounds the rotor assembly defines the polishing chamber. An inlet means and an outlet means are positioned on the sheet basket assembly at diagonally opposite ends. Segments of split covers are used to cover the polishing chamber from either ends. And the ends of the polishing chamber are covered by a pair of split covers. An electric motor is connected to one end of the drive shaft to impart rotary motion to the rotor assembly for polishing pulses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to excision of explant material comprising meristematic tissue from cotton seeds. Methods for tissue preparation, storage, transformation, and selection or identification of transformed plants are disclosed, as are transformable meristem tissues and plants produced by such methods, and apparati for tissue preparation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a cutting blade assembly operably coupleable to a fluid pump. The cutting blade assembly comprises a cutting plate and a cutting hub. The cutting plate may have a front axial surface, an opening, and a plurality of cutting features. Each of the plurality of cutting features may define a pair of cutting edges. The cutting hub may be disposed at least partially within the opening of the cutting plate and may have a cutting arm and fin adjacent to the front axial surface. The cutting arm may define an arcuate front surface having a leading edge. When the cutting plate and the cutting hub are rotated relative to each other, the leading edge of the cutting arm may pass adjacent to the plurality of cutting features so that the relative rotation of the cutting plate and the cutting hub defines a cutting action between the cutting arm and each cutting feature.

Abstract: An ammunition disposal system having a chute access portion; a collection chamber attached such that a chute access portion interior cavity is in fluid communication with a collection chamber interior cavity; a shredder assembly attached such that the collection chamber interior cavity is in fluid communication with a shredder assembly interior cavity, with one or more shredder blade assemblies positioned within the shredder assembly interior cavity; a hopper attached such that the shredder assembly interior cavity is in fluid communication with a hopper interior cavity; an extractor attached such that the hopper interior cavity is in fluid communication with an extractor interior cavity, and wherein an auger is positioned within at least a portion of the extractor interior cavity; and a liquid contained within at least a portion of the collection chamber interior cavity, the shredder assembly interior cavity, the hopper interior cavity, and the extractor interior cavity.

Abstract: A reformulated barrier material for use as an alternative cover for landfills made from recycled materials which may comprise construction and/or demolition debris to which is added tire derived rubber particles to inhibit the release of hydrogen sulfide gas through the reformulated barrier material to the surrounding atmosphere from the landfill beneath.

Abstract: A cutting blade assembly establishes a bidirectional and/or multifaceted scissor-type cutting action to efficiently and effectively process various types of debris encountered by the cutting blade assembly. The assembly includes a cutting plate and a cutting hub configured for relative rotation. A cutting slot is formed in the cutting plate and intersects the axial face to define a cutting edge at the intersection of the cutting slot and the axial face. The cutting hub has a cutting arm positioned adjacent to the axial face. When the cutting plate and the cutting hub undergo relative rotation, the cutting arm passes adjacent to the cutting edge to perform a scissor-type cutting action.

Abstract: A top-fed vertical grain mill which causes intermittent compression of grains while reducing potential overmilling. The top-fed vertical grain mill includes a resistor bar, a plurality of rolls having a smooth, metal vertical outer periphery on which a vertically-aligned stirring bar is positioned, and a bran removal cylinder having a plurality of perforations therethrough, which may be throughout or which may be below the bottom surface of the top-most of the plurality of rolls.

Abstract: A meat grinding reclamation system is disclosed herein. The system uses a first meat grinder coaxially coupled to a second meat grinder. The first meat grinder separates meat from undesired material such as gristle, hard fat, connective tissue, sinew, and bone. Most of the meat is ground, while the undesired material is remixed into a small portion of the meat and is moved from the first grinder into the second grinder. The second grinder separates remaining meat and carrier meat from the undesired material, grinding the reclaimed meat and moving it into a bin with the originally separated meat. The waste material is moved to a waste bin. Pressurized air may be used to prevent the waste material from becoming clogged in the system.

Abstract: Processing copper wire concentrate produced from processing ASR to generate a bare copper product. The disclosed systems and methods employ processes that remove constituents from the copper wire concentrate that can damage conventional chopping equipment. After removing the constituents that can damage conventional chopping equipment, the process employs a grinder to grind the remaining copper wire to liberate the bare copper metal from the insulation material.

Abstract: A plant (1) and method for recovering plastic materials of post-consumption materials, such as vehicle bumpers and tanks, in the plant, downstream of the volumetric reduction grinder (2), there is provided an intermediate grinder (6) and the washing vat (9) and the centrifuge (12) additionally being arranged upstream of the windmill/granulator (14), while in the method, an intermediate grinding step is arranged upstream of the grinding/granulation step and a subsequent washing step and separation in the vat of the parts of foreign materials through the difference of specific weight, including ferrous, non-ferrous materials and alloys thereof, of the material made of intermediate size, before the grinding/granulation step through windmill/granulator, wherein the washing and centrifugation water is subjected to a continuous purification cycle.

Abstract: A method for treating process material using a plurality of autoclaves, wherein each of the plurality of autoclaves cycles through the following steps: introducing a steam from one or more of the plurality of autoclaves to the interior of the vessel; increasing the temperature within the vessel by adding heat to the interior of the vessel using an indirect heat source; reducing the temperature and pressure within the vessel by venting a portion of the steam within the interior of the vessel to another one of the plurality vessels; increasing the temperature within the vessel by continuing to add heat to the interior of the vessel using the indirect heat source; reducing a moisture content of the process material in the interior of vessel to a predetermined value by conveying the steam to another one of the plurality of vessels.

Abstract: Underwater mineral dressing units, systems and methods are provided. Material is milled in a water-immiscible liquid which is heavier than water and lighter than the product material. Gangue material is removed by the milling and floats on the water-immiscible liquid to be removed without further processing. Product containing material sinks and is further milled to remove additional gangue material, until the required level of extraction is achieved. Cascades of milling rolls in the water-immiscible liquid allow ever improving extraction of the product material. The rolls are arranged to regulate material flow through the system to remove floating gangue while directing sinking product material to further processing.

Abstract: A system and method for separating polymer components of a multi-component article, such as a shoe, is presented. The described system and method exploits the differences in embrittlement and glass transition temperature of different polymer components of the multi-component article by cryogenically freezing the prepared article and impacting the article such that one polymer component is pulverized without substantially fracturing the remaining portion of the article. The system and method further includes a re-looping capability to maximize separation and recovery of polymer components.

Abstract: A method an apparatus for reclaiming face fibers and polypropylene and/or polyvinyl chloride backing material from rolls and pieces of post-consumer carpet. The system includes a separator for separating the face fibers from the backing and for separating latex and carbon calcium powder from polypropylene backing. An extruder is provided for extruding the face fibers separated from the backing into extrusions, and a pelletizer pelletizes the extrusions. A roller opener opens the polypropylene backing into fibrous portions and also cleans such fibrous portions. Alternately, a granulator can be provided that chops and grinds the polypropylene or PVC backing into fragments after the separation of the face fibers from the backing. A heat source heats the PVC fragments, and also the polypropylene fragments (thereby separating the latex therefrom), and ultimately melts such fragments. Reclaimed fibers can be pelletized, made into extrusions, used in non-woven products and in other manners.

Abstract: A method and system for processing biomass material from harvest to pelletizing includes a continuous shredding stage and grinding stage to reduce the size of the material. A fan pulls air through the shredder and the grinder to assist the movement of the biomass material through the shredder and the grinder. Due to the light weight of the biomass material, the material is transported between the shredding and grinding stages mechanically and pneumatically by a combination auger with air assist. The biomass material may include agricultural residues, such as corn stover. The process and equipment eliminates or minimizes damage to the carbohydrates in the biomass so as to maintain pre-grinding cellulose and hemi-cellulose levels.

Abstract: A composite board is manufactured from hydrophobic coconut coir fibers which have been treated to remove at least a portion of coconut pith therefrom; and a hydrophobic vinyl polymer, such as a polyolefin. The composite board is manufactured without any step of chemically modifying coconut coir fibers. The composite board is manufactured by removing at least a portion of coconut pith from coconut coir fibers using a cyclonic separator; combining coconut coir fibers with a hydrophobic polymer to form a mixture; and extruding the mixture to form a composite board.

Abstract: A plant for producing cement, having a first stage for crushing raw material to form raw powder, a second stage for calcination and sintering of the raw powder to form cement clinker, a third stage for cooling the sintered cement clinker, and a fourth stage for crushing the sintered cement clinker to form cement. The first stage for crushing raw material to form raw powder and the fourth stage for crushing the sintered cement clinker to form cement are structurally combined. In this way, during servicing or repair of one crushing stage, the plant need not be shut down because, y variable circuitry switching, the crushing stages permit plant operation with reduced production output.

Abstract: A composite board is manufactured from hydrophobic coconut coir fibers which have been treated to remove at least a portion of coconut pith therefrom; and a hydrophobic vinyl polymer, such as a polyolefin. The composite board is manufactured without any step of chemically modifying coconut coir fibers. The composite board is manufactured by removing at least a portion of coconut pith from coconut coir fibers using a cyclonic separator; combining coconut coir fibers with a hydrophobic polymer to form a mixture; and extruding the mixture to form a composite board.

Abstract: A device and a method for preparing adipose tissue for transplantation from lobular fat extracted, for instance by liposuction, the fat including a fluid component that have an oily component, a blood component and/or sterile solutions, and a solid component including cell fragments, cells and one or more cell macroagglomerates of heterogeneous size, wherein the device includes at least one washing and separating container having a washing chamber, the container has an inlet and an outlet for the liposuctioned material to enter the washing chamber through the inlet and for at least part of the material to exit the washing chamber through the outlet, the washing chamber including stirring means for forming an emulsion of fluid components.

Abstract: A slurry apparatus for creating a slurry from oil sand ore has a frame and a slurry box supported by the frame. Water is mixed with the ore to form a slurry that is retained in the slurry box. The slurry apparatus may include a screen disposed at an angle relative to the horizontal over an open top of the slurry box and configured to permit sized ore to fall through the screen into the slurry box. The apparatus may include at least one crushing device cooperating with the screen to facilitate creating the slurry. A related method and system for creating a slurry may also be provided.

Abstract: Micrometric separator (1) for biomasses (100) in particles, of the type comprising at least one first crushing stage (2) wherein said particles are introduced dispersed in a conveying fluid bed, and first means (110) for conveying said particles in said fluid bed. The afore said first crushing stage (2) comprises a first crushing chamber (5) for reciprocal collisions of particles, that has at least one first revolving disc (7) provided with first members (9) for generating at least one turbulent flow in the fluid bed, and at least one first contrast body (8), in front of the first revolving disc (7), as well as one or more outlets (22) of the fluid bed, the first contrast body (8) being provided with at least one inlet (6) having an inflow section with the axis substantially incident to the first revolving disc (7).

Abstract: A biomass fractionator and method are described for inputting ground biomass and outputting several vapor streams of bio-intermediate compounds along with syngas and biochar. A method for biomass fractioning comprises dispensing biomass into thin sheets of ground biomass; subjecting the thin sheets to ramps of temperature; and selectively collecting various groups of compounds as they are released from the thin sheets.

Abstract: A method for reprocessing used PET bottles having the step of shredding the bottles to form plastic flakes, sorting the plastic flakes according to at least one criterion into at least two partial quantities, and performing an individual processing treatment including a decontamination treatment. The device permits performing the method whereby it is possible to separate the plastic flakes produced from the threaded part of a PET bottle, these flakes being more difficult to purify, from the lighter plastic flakes from the wall of the bottle, which have a thin wall and are easier to purify, and treating them further in separate reprocessing steps.

Abstract: A method for reprocessing used PET bottles having the steps of shredding the bottles to form plastic flakes, sorting the plastic flakes according to at least one criterion into at least two partial quantities, and performing an individual processing treatment including a decontamination treatment. The device permits performing the method whereby it is possible to separate the plastic flakes produced from the threaded part of a PET bottle, these flakes being more difficult to purify, from the lighter plastic flakes from the wall of the bottle, which have a thin wall and are easier to purify, and treating them further in separate reprocessing steps.

Abstract: A waterless method of processing coal to remove impurities therefrom includes drying a batch of coal to remove moisture therefrom, pulverizing the coal into individual coal particles to liberate impurity particles from the coal and without substantially reducing the size of the impurity particles, and separating the impurity particles and pulverized coal particles into respective product streams via air classification. The dryer includes a plurality of rotating paddles, and an air stream forces the coal through the plurality of rotating paddles to pulverize the coal into individual particles and liberate the impurities.

Abstract: A pulverized material producing system capable of producing a pulverized material dried sufficiently from a raw material, while at the same time suppressing production costs, even in the case where the raw material has a high moisture content and viscosity, is provided. A pulverized material producing system that includes a pulverizer 2, a container 3, and a heated air supplier 4 that supplies heated air is used. The container 3 includes a first inlet 10, second inlets 11a and 11b, a first outlet 12, and a second outlet 13, and is configured so that a swirl flow 35 is created within the container. The heated air is supplied by the heated air supplier 4 to the interior of the container 3 via the second inlets 11a and 11b. The pulverizer 2 includes a casing 20 provided with a suction port 22 and a discharge port 23, an impeller, and a screen 24 that has many pores, and has blower functionality.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for comminuting dry ice granules, comprising a housing having a flow channel for dry ice granules which can be applied, by means of compressed gas, to a surface to be cleaned, and also comprising a first comminution member for comminuting the dry ice granules which are to be dispensed. In order to provide a device of this kind with which different degrees of comminution of dry ice granules can be achieved in a simple manner, it is proposed according to the invention that the device has at least one second comminution member which can be disposed in the housing in a position in which a total degree of comminution, which is greater than the individual degree of comminution which can be achieved solely by the first comminution member, can be achieved in combination with the first comminution member. A dry ice dispensing arrangement for dispensing a mixture of compressed gas and dry ice granules is also proposed, having a device of the above kind.

Abstract: An air separator is provided with a rotor positioned above three concentric vessels. The rotor and a plurality of entry ports segregate comminuted material into the three vessels. An exit port from each vessel directs the separated comminuted material for further comminution processes, such as to a ball mill or a roll press, or for use as a final product.

Abstract: Crushing finely the chipped rubber such as that of waste tire is done by further small number of crushers, and the capture rate of the target size of the rubber particles is improved. With a crusher which finely crushes the chipped rubber (G) such as that of waste tire, the chipped rubber (G) is supplied to a crusher (10a) structured by a rotating roll (12) having relatively rough groove pitch and pluralities of fixed blades (14) each of which has pluralities of grooves forming crushing edges, thus conducting crushing. The rubber particles (G) discharged from the crusher (10a) are again supplied to the crusher (10a) to repeat the crushing to conduct rough-finishing operation. Then, thus roughly-finished rubber particles (G) are treated by similar crushing operation using a rotating roll (10b) having relatively small groove pitch to conduct finish treatment. The finely-crushed rubber particles are classified using a sieve (16) to specified size ranges.

Abstract: An attrition scrubber that includes multiple attrition scrubber cells. The multiple attrition scrubbers cells are arranged generally parallel to a vertical axis of rotation. The apparatus includes a shaft that extends generally parallel to the vertical axis of rotation and through the center of all attritioning cells. Each attritioning cell contains two impellers having a diameter. The impellers are attached to the common shaft and positioned a distance apart from each other. Each cell also contains a distribution ring and radial baffles. The attrition scrubber apparatus also includes a lifter impeller having a diameter.

Abstract: A pretreatment apparatus for raw materials for production of reduced iron pretreats the raw materials, comprising an iron material, such as iron ore, and other raw materials, such as coal and flux, by a dryer, classifiers, a roll press, and a vertical mill, and feeds the pretreated raw materials to a pelletizer via a feed bin. At least two fluidized mixers for mixing the classified raw materials, one of the fluidized mixers for storage and the other fluidized mixer for supply, are provided for batch treatment. The pretreatment apparatus can uniformize the crushed particle sizes of iron ore, coal, etc. different in hardness, stably supply homogeneously mixed raw materials, and simplify pelletization-side facilities.

Abstract: Organic fertilizer produced from raw manure, and systems and methods related to the production thereof. A high-velocity air stream is injected into at least one substantially-closed chamber, where it interacts with a supply of raw manure; the raw manure can be bovine or other animal waste products. The high-velocity air stream pulverizes and dries the raw manure, whereby an end product having a moisture content substantially less than the initial moisture content and a live bacteria content substantially equal to the initial live bacteria content of the raw manure is produced. In a preferred embodiment, a cyclonic comminution apparatus is used to pulverize and dry the raw manure; alternatively, a first cyclonic comminution apparatus can be used to substantially pulverize the raw manure and a second cyclonic comminution apparatus can be used to substantially dry the raw manure.

Abstract: An system for treatment of infectious waste including a impactor coupled to a mixing drum that can be pressurized, infectious waste and a treatment fluid comprising a substance effective in killing pathogenic organisms being introduced directly into the impactor where the waste is pulverized forming unrecognizable particulate matter mixed with fluid, and the waste from there being introduced into the drum for mixing and subsequently pressure treatment by providing a superatmospheric pressure in the drum to drive chemicals effective in killing pathogenic organisms into voids in the solids and also into spore walls and cell membranes to provide a more speedy and effective kill.

Abstract: An improved comminuting and dehydrating system is efficient, environmentally sound, and may be employed to process sticky materials. The system preferably includes a pair of intercoupled cyclone devices for comminuting and dehydrating, each equipped with a discharge containment unit. A blower is coupled with the primary cyclone to provide air flow, and a channel is included between the blower and the primary discharge containment unit to provide pressure equalization. An injection port is positioned remotely adjacent the discharge portion of the primary cyclone to permit injection of viscid substances such as eggs into the low pressure area of the cone. In preferred forms, the secondary cyclone device includes an exhaust filter and a meter for measuring the passage of material to be comminuted and dehydrated.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for reprocessing, i.e. disintegrating, used packing materials, for example unsorted domestic waste paper. The apparatus consists essentially of a first comminuting aggregate (14), a following trough-like housing (2) with agitating mechanism (4, 6) rotating therein and a further comminuting aggregate (18) arranged in the material exit well (16). The apparatus is further provided at its lower end with a heavy trash collecting chamber (26). The comminuting aggregates (14 and 18) are replaceable and depending upon the working requirements selection is possible between purely cutting, more chopping or also disintegrating tools. The first comminuting aggregate (14) serves to comminute the largely sheet-like raw material to a conveyable piece size while the second comminuting aggregate (18) serves essentially for fine comminution and disintegration of the material.

Abstract: A method of recycling construction and demolition debris to produce an article suitable as a daily cover for a landfill is disclosed. The method generally comprises the steps of removing large pieces of metal from the debris, compacting the balance of the debris into small pieces, shredding the debris into smaller particles, separating the ferrous and optionally the non-ferrous metals from the debris utilizing the combination of magnetic, air and/or water separating systems, dewatering the shredded debris to produce a product suitable for use as a daily cover for a landfill.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for producing a free flowing coal suspension high in solids content. The coal is ground in at least two stages utilizing a mill having a calibrating effect in one stage and a mill without calibrating effect in another stage and adding a sub-quantity of viscosity reducing additive to the coal before each grinding. A drying of the coal or reconcentration of the suspension is not required. A roller mill operating on the principle of materials bed comminution is preferred as the non-calibrating mill in the first grinding stage and a rotating drum mill or a vibration grinding mill with rods as grinding bodies is preferred as the calibrating mill.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the production of mechanical pulp from a lignocellulose material, comprising a grinding disc (1) rotating round a shaft (2) running at right-angles through the center of each end surface of the disc, and means (10-13) for holding and pressing one or more pieces of the material to be processed against one or both of these end surfaces, which are given the form of grinding surfaces, for fibres of the material to be processed being essentially oriented in the plane of the grinding surface, and water, which may contain chemicals, being introduced during the grinding process. The grinding disc is enclosed in a housing (5) kept at above-atmospheric pressure. The means for holding the material to be processed is so designed as to hold the pieces of such material with their fibres largely pointing in a direction outwards from the center of the grinding device.

Abstract: In a pulverizer of the type having, within a casing, a stator and a rotor to be rotated in the stator, both having large numbers of mutually confronting ridges or teeth with a gap therebetween, the gap is 1 mm or less, and the ridges of the stator are of sawtooth shape as viewed in cross section and have flanks forming troughs therebetween with an acute bottom dihedral angle of 45 to 60 degrees. At least one tier of a classification ring is provided around the inner wall surface of the stator to form flow-blocking barriers across some or all of the troughs thereby to prevent particles being pulverized from being swept through the troughs without being satisfactorily pulverized.

Abstract: Waste paper is chemically and mechanically treated to pulp it into a stock. The waste paper is tumbled, without mechanical beating and without rotary means likely to become fouled by foreign material mixed with the paper. A chemical pulping liquid is mixed with the paper as it is being tumbled. The resulting tumbled, pulped waste paper is delivered to a reaction tower where it is further chemically pulped. The waste paper is removed from the bottom of the reaction tower. Various embodiments of paper tumbling devices are disclosed including a rotating drum, stepped conveyor belts, stepped rollers, a vibratory conveyor and a tumbling tower with baffle plates along its length. The reaction tower has an adjustable sized outlet opening at its bottom. An appropriate conveyor is insertable through the outlet opening of the reaction tower for extracting pulped paper stock.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns both a process and an apparatus for producing wood pulp. Wood to be pulped is fed into a housing where the wood is ground. The housing is pressurized above atmospheric pressure. Water at a temperature over 100.degree. C. is fed to the pressurized housing in the grinding zone. The wood pulp produced by grinding is collected and is conveyed through a worm conveyor which causes the water in the pulp to be removed therefrom, while the pulp and the water removed therefrom are maintained at elevated pressure. The water under pressure is returned to the grinding zone in the housing. The wood pulp is thereafter returned to atmospheric pressure. Various pressure lock devices for transmitting the wood pulp from being under pressure to atmospheric pressure are disclosed including a nozzle, a pressure lock device, a hydrocyclone and/or a disc refiner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for controlling the effect of centrifugal force on pulp stock while being ground in the grinding space of a defibrating apparatus defined between a pair of grinding discs which rotate relative to one another in a fluid environment under superatmospheric pressure and corresponding elevated temperature. The grinding space includes a central portion, a first outwardly extending grinding space and a second outer grinding zone extending at an inclined angle from the first grinding zone. Pulp stock to be ground is introduced into the central portion and accelerated through the first and second grinding zones by centrifugal force generated by the rotating discs. The inclined grinding zone serves to split the centrifugal force into a vector perpendicular to the direction of flow of the pulp material and a vector aligned with the axial flow to reduce the accelerating force on the pulp grist in the direction of outward flow.

Abstract: Apparatus for making fiber insulation from paper comprises a preshredder having a semi-cylindrical perforate basket with a passageway behind it. An air inlet extends behind the basket into the passageway and an air outlet is located at the front of the passageway. A flail rotatably mounted coaxial in the basket is driven by a motor for shredding paper deposited from a conveyor into the basket. A blower, connected to the preshredder, passes the paper segments to a surge bin where the air and paper segments are separated. The separated paper segments accumulate in the surge bin and are withdrawn from it at a constant predetermined rate by a conveyor and deposited into a duct which interconnects the surge bin and a finishing mill. The air then enters this duct to continue transporting the paper. A dry chemical dispensing device disperses flame retardant material into the duct. The finishing mill includes a large centrifugal fan rotatably mounted in a cylindrical cavity and driven by a motor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for the two stage grinding of paper material with the controlled addition of dry and wet fire retardant chemicals to produce a desirable cellulose insulation material. The paper is first ground into coarse granules which are placed in a storage hopper and systematically fed by an auger into a fine grinder. At the same time that the cellulose material is introduced into the fine grinder, a controlled flow of dry fire retardant chemicals is continuously added and ground with the material. The resultant granular material is then transported by air in an upward direction where a solution of liquid fire retardant chemicals is sprayed in a concurrent direction with the flow so as to wet and saturate the cellulose material producing a fire retardant product. The wetted material, because of its adhering qualities, is directed through a corrugated flexible pipe section to storage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of transporting liquid pitch containing lumpy coke wherein the lumpy coke contained in the liquid pitch is pulverized by a specific procedure and the pitch containing the thus pulverized coke is then transported. Disclosure is also made for a specific apparatus used for the method.