By Utilizing Kinetic Energy Of Projected Or Suspended Material Patents (Class 241/5)
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Patent number: 4506834Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for dispersing fibrous material. The fibrous material is accelerated and expanded together with a flowing medium in a nozzle (10). The nozzle (10) includes a converging and a diverging section and, thus, is a so-called de Lavel nozzle.Type: GrantFiled: November 7, 1983Date of Patent: March 26, 1985Assignee: Fiber Dynamics ABInventor: Bo R. Ek
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Patent number: 4502641Abstract: A fluid energy mill of the confined vortex type for comminuting pulverulent solids, said mill provided with means for measuring the differential pressure between the discharge and the feed of the mill through openings in the chamber peripheral wall and in the discharge means, each opening provided with means for purging into the mill to prevent pluggage thereof and a process for using the mill to grind solid TiO.sub.2 by maintaining a constant differential pressure between 100-600 inches of water.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 1981Date of Patent: March 5, 1985Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventor: Anthony J. Coombe
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Patent number: 4491277Abstract: A method and apparatus for reclaiming foundry sand from contaminated foundry sand wherein ferromagnetic contaminants are first removed in a magnetic separating zone, and the remaining contaminated sand is thermally treated at a temperature sufficiently high to cause embrittlement of clay constituents among the remaining contaminants, and finally the thermally treated material is comminuted, preferably in a counterflow impact jet mill to recover a reclaimed foundry sand substantially free from contaminants.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 1983Date of Patent: January 1, 1985Assignee: Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz AGInventors: Hans Bauer, Heinz-Withold Schmitz
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Patent number: 4470551Abstract: A machine for comminuting material by impact has a hollow impeller rotatable about a substantially vertical axis. The impeller has an upwardly opening material inlet and at least one radially outward material outlet. A tube serves to feed material to be comminuted into the material inlet. The lower portion of the tube rotates about its longitudinal axis and imparts an angular velocity to the material fed therethrough. Material entering the impeller travels along at least a portion of the interior walls of the impeller and on emerging from the impeller strikes an anvil where comminution occurs.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 1982Date of Patent: September 11, 1984Inventor: Paul A. Garland
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Patent number: 4452911Abstract: Activated bauxite particulate material having usual nominal particle size range of 20-50 mesh (U.S. Sieve Series) is treated by fluidization in an upflowing gas so as to attrite the particles and stabilize the particle shape and size, thereby making the catalyst more uniform in shape and resistent to attrition in subsequent ebullated bed reactor operations. The treated activated bauxite catalyst material is then rescreened to provide a narrower differential size range having a particle equivalent diameter ratio range for large to small particles of about 1.4-2.0, and a preferred 20-30 mesh (U.S. Sieve Series) particle size range. The selected pretreated catalyst is then introduced into the ebullated bed reactor of a hydrodemetallization process for hydrocarbon feedstocks containing high metals concentration.Type: GrantFiled: August 10, 1983Date of Patent: June 5, 1984Assignee: HRI, Inc.Inventors: Richard M. Eccles, Allen S. U. Li, Shyy-Jong D. Lin, Virginia A. Malik, Michael C. Chervenak
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Patent number: 4427451Abstract: A process for preparing concentrated slurries of TiO.sub.2 and water with a solids content of 30-70% by weight from TiO.sub.2 micronizer tailings that are carried in steam separated from TiO.sub.2 and steam from a micronizer by scrubbing the steam and TiO.sub.2 micronizer tailings with a slurry of TiO.sub.2 and water, separating TiO.sub.2 and water from the steam and circulating a portion of the TiO.sub.2 and water to the absorber until the solids content desired is reached.Type: GrantFiled: September 17, 1981Date of Patent: January 24, 1984Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventor: Michael R. Baloga
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Patent number: 4424199Abstract: Method is provided for generating fine sized seed particles of silicon for use in the fluidized bed pyrolysis of silane.Type: GrantFiled: December 11, 1981Date of Patent: January 3, 1984Assignee: Union Carbide CorporationInventor: Sridhar K. Iya
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Patent number: 4422579Abstract: A device for preliminary crushing of a possibly clogged material to be ground and for feeding of the material into a jet mill containing a compressed flow of circulating grinding gas and material, so as to produce ultra-fineground admixtures to be used in industry which includes a plunger and screw conveyor. The device comprises a substantially vertical plug pipe, which is at its upper end provided with a feeder funnel and which is at its bottom end, either directly or via an additional pipe, connected to the jet mill above the zone of a grinding gas nozzle. At the upper end of the plug pipe preferably in its feeder funnel, at least one plunger is provided which moves back and forth and which both crushes any clogged material and forces the crushed material as a tight plug through the pipe into the jet mill. The additional pipe carries the screw for conveying the material to the mill.Type: GrantFiled: November 23, 1981Date of Patent: December 27, 1983Inventor: Jouko Niemi
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Patent number: 4412839Abstract: A process and apparatus for treating coal to produce micron-size coal particles having high surface reactivity and a low level of ash-forming impurities. The process involves grinding the coal in a substantially air tight fluid energy attrition mill under controlled temperature conditions to form a coal fraction comprising a major portion of hydrophobic coal particles and a minor portion of hydrophilic coal particles and an impurities-fraction comprising hydrophilic impurities particles, and separating the hydrophobic coal particles from the hydrophilic particles by virtue of the particles' relative affinity for water. The relative amount of hydrophilic coal particles may be reduced by the addition of a petroleum fraction to the coal during grinding.Type: GrantFiled: September 4, 1981Date of Patent: November 1, 1983Assignee: Ergon, Inc.Inventor: David W. Taylor
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Patent number: 4406409Abstract: A disintegrator for pulverizing substances of specific natures, having two rotors driven in opposite directions, is taught. The rotors carrying at least four rows of scoops are arranged concentrically in rings and engage alternately in each other, the said scoops transporting the substance from the inside, through the rows of scoops, to the outside and being inclined forwardly and outwardly in the direction of rotation. The scoops are made wear-resistant, and the rotors are made suitable for high-speed operation, in that the scoops are curved substantially like radial turbine blades, the concave curvature being located in each case at the front, as seen in the direction of rotation, and in that the rotors are secured to respective hollow shafts mounted rotatably upon a fixed common axis. This design produces a turbo-action which allows pulverization to take place as a result of repeated collision between particles of the substance in free flight.Type: GrantFiled: September 14, 1981Date of Patent: September 27, 1983Inventor: Joachim Durek
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Patent number: 4406410Abstract: A method and apparatus for the introduction of second cohesive powders into an improved fluidized bed blender containing UO.sub.2 powder, and for blending such second cohesive powders with the UO.sub.2 powder in the fluidized bed blender. The apparatus comprises an eductor, an improved pressurized vortec mill, a pneumatic conveying system that operates in turbulent flow, and an improved fluidized bed blender. The method and apparatus provide for injection and uniform dispersion of a second cohesive powdered ingredient or ingredients having hydrophobic, hydrophilic or hygroscopic properties in the fluid bed blender adjacent the bottom of the fluidized bed therein during the blending operation, thereby minimizing entrainment of the second powder mixture and providing a homogeneous blend of powders.Type: GrantFiled: February 8, 1982Date of Patent: September 27, 1983Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Richard I. Larson, Henry C. Brassfield, John T. Adomitis
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Patent number: 4398673Abstract: A method is disclosed for separating a relatively soft component from a relatively hard component of mineral ore and then comminuting the softer component. The separation is performed by impact crushing the ore to reduce the softer component to particulate material of a smaller dimension than that of the harder component after which the components are separated by screening. The comminution is performed by further impact crushing the softer component to further reduce same and separating sufficiently small particles. Relatively large particles are also removed and the remainder of the softer component is recycled through the comminution process. The method is primarily applicable to the separation of chert from gypsum and comminuting the gypsum in the processing of gypsum ore.Type: GrantFiled: November 24, 1980Date of Patent: August 16, 1983Assignee: Domtar Industries Inc.Inventor: Walter L. Gonnason
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Patent number: 4394132Abstract: Improved particulate coal-in-liquid mixtures and a process for the production thereof wherein, prior to mixing with liquid, the coal component of the mixture is finally divided in a substantially airtight fluid energy attrition mill, and thereafter separated from ash particles. The particulate coal product thus produced is mixed with a suitable liquid to provide a product which may be used in coal gasification or hydrogenation processes, or as a composite fuel, and which can be stored for extended periods without appreciable settling out of the coal from the mixture.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 1980Date of Patent: July 19, 1983Assignee: Ergon, IncInventor: David W. Taylor
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Patent number: 4374702Abstract: Microfibrillated celluloses having properties distinguishable from all previously known celluloses, are produced by passing a liquid suspension of cellulose through a small diameter orifice in which the suspension is subjected to a pressure drop of at least 3000 psig and a high velocity shearing action followed by a high velocity decelerating impact, and repeating the passage of said suspension through the orifice until the cellulose suspension becomes a substantially stable suspension. The process converts the cellulose into microfibrillated cellulose without substantial chemical change of the cellulose starting material.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1981Date of Patent: February 22, 1983Assignee: International Telephone and Telegraph CorporationInventors: Albin F. Turbak, Fred W. Snyder, Karen R. Sandberg
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Patent number: 4369078Abstract: This invention relates to a process and an apparatus for converting lump-size material, particularly scrap, of titanium metal or its alloys, preferably of low oxygen content, into powder-form material, which is useable for forming in a powder-metallurgical way pressings and workpieces, wherein the lump-size material is highly embrittled by charging with hydrogen, the embrittled material is size-reduced by means of size-reducing machines, particularly impeller breakers, impact mills, hammer mills, impact hammer mills or hammer breakers, the size-reduced brittle material preferably having a particle size of less than about 10 mm and more particularly of less than about 6 mm is further size-reduced by means of at least one jet stream by impinging on a baffle plate or an anvil or on the particles of at least one other jet stream for the purpose of conversion into the powder-form material, and the powder-form material is converted into the ductile state by heating, preferably at temperatures above 450.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: May 28, 1980Date of Patent: January 18, 1983Assignee: NYBY Uddeholm ABInventor: Christer Aslund
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Patent number: 4345015Abstract: Toner powders having excellent flow and non-agglomerating properties, and being readily removable from the imaging medium in use for indirect electrophotographic copying, are provided in the form of substantially spherical resin particles, containing additives or not as desired, which particles have been formed from irregularly shaped resin particles heated in a liquid dispersion containing hydrophobic silica particles smaller than 100 nanometers in diameter. The toner particles may be thus formed so as to carry on their surface or dispersed therein electrically conductive particles, such as carbon black, rendering them attractable by electrical inductance.Type: GrantFiled: March 23, 1977Date of Patent: August 17, 1982Assignee: Oce-van der Grinten N.V.Inventors: Roelof R. Hendriksma, Wilhelmus J. VanRhijn
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Patent number: 4323198Abstract: This invention is a device for fracturing particles. It is designed especially for use in "hot cells" designed for the handling of radioactive materials. In a typical application, the device is used to fracture a hard silicon-carbide coating present on carbon-matrix microspheres containing nuclear-fuel material, such as uranium or thorium compounds. To promote remote control and facilitate maintenance, the particle breaker is pneumatically operated and contains no moving parts. It includes means for serially entraining the entrained particles on an anvil housed in a leak-tight chamber. The flow rate of the gas is at a value effecting fracture of the particles; preferably, it is at a value fracturing them into product particulates of fluidizable size. The chamber is provided with an outlet passage whose cross-sectional area decreases in the direction away from the chamber.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1980Date of Patent: April 6, 1982Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventors: Lloyd J. Turner, Melvin G. Willey, Sue M. Tiegs, John E. Van Cleve, Jr.
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Patent number: 4304360Abstract: A method of manufacturing xerographic toner to achieve upper and lower particle size classification by first grinding large pellets of toner material in a jet mill. Upper particle size classification is achieved by then passing the ground material to a coarse classifier which operates to return relatively large particles to the jet mill for further grinding, and supplies the finer particles, which are generally no larger than 13 to 15 microns in diameter, to a cyclone separator. In the cyclone separator, the length of the cyclone's exit duct is controlled to achieve lower particle size classification by causing particles below a generally 5 micron diameter size to exit the separator as waste material by way of its upper exit duct. The finished product exits the cyclone by way of the cyclone's lower output port.Type: GrantFiled: December 31, 1979Date of Patent: December 8, 1981Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Robert J. Luhr, Ernesto Marti
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Patent number: 4298229Abstract: An improved method for mining and processing phosphate matrix in its dry state utilizing a gas moving at supersonic velocity as the carrier fluid to perform the various process steps, in a substantially closed system, that yields dry high grade phosphatic materials and dry sand and clay fractions and to recombine and thoroughly mix the sand and clay fractions in approximately equal proportions by weight as they are produced and to transport the sand-clay mixture along with the naturally radioactive Radon-222 gas that is generated during the processing to the mined out pits and depositing them therein after which the leach zone materials of the overburden are deposited thereover and then depositing thereover the sandy materials of the overburden with provisions being made in preselected areas to form lakes to complete the process of reclaiming the land to its natural state immediately and without danger of radiation from the buried radioactive materials.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 1980Date of Patent: November 3, 1981Inventor: Sebastian J. D'Alli
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Patent number: 4293632Abstract: Described is a process for the treatment of certain toner materials, useful in electrophotographic development, which process in one embodiment involves subjecting an electrically conductive toner material to an attrition process, thus causing the removal to a small portion of the surface of the toner while at the same time exposing the underlying inner portion. By preparing toners in accordance with this process the fusing temperature of the toner is lowered by at least 10.degree. F., thereby resulting in better fixing of the toner and higher quality images when such a toner is used as a developer.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 1978Date of Patent: October 6, 1981Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Charles G. Dickerson, Peter F. Erhardt
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Patent number: 4288231Abstract: A process and apparatus for treating coal to produce micron-size coal particles having high surface reactivity and a low level of ash-forming impurities. The process involves grinding the coal in a substantially air tight fluid energy attrition mill to form a hydrophobic coal-fraction and a hydrophilic impurities-fraction, and separating the fractions by virtue of the impurities-fraction's affinity for water.Type: GrantFiled: November 13, 1979Date of Patent: September 8, 1981Assignee: Microfuels, Inc.Inventor: David W. Taylor
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Patent number: 4284245Abstract: A machine lubrication system including a lubricant pressure line communicated with a lubricant reservoir by means of a nozzle provided with a hydrodynamic means to break-down solid contaminants of lubricant to a non-interferring size.Type: GrantFiled: May 1, 1979Date of Patent: August 18, 1981Inventor: Semyon I. Fishgal
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Patent number: 4283015Abstract: An apparatus for reclaiming no-bake foundry sand is provided, in which a fluidized stream of pneumatically conveyed particles of no-bake coated sand grains traveling at velocity sufficient for transport is discharged against a target to fracture the no-bake rigid coatings from the sand grains on impact. Certain of the fractured coatings are removed and the sand grains along with any remaining fractured coating particles are directed through a passageway having a fluidizing air stream induced therein. The air stream entrains and carries off the fractured coatings and the fine sand grains so that only sand grains of desired particle size pass through the air stream for subsequent reuse. Advantageously, the velocity of the air stream is controlled by regulating the cross-sectional area of the passageway at the point at which the air stream is induced.Type: GrantFiled: February 26, 1979Date of Patent: August 11, 1981Assignee: Weatherly Foundry & Manufacturing Co.Inventor: William J. Smith
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Patent number: 4280664Abstract: Fluid material having solids entrained therein is injected under high pressure through a nozzle disposed tangentially of a cylindrical housing. Groups of impactors are spaced circumferentially about the housing interior and include multiple rows with adjacent rows being staggered. The solid material strikes the impactors thereby reducing the size of the material. The fluid carries the solids circularly around the housing with the solids gaining speed between groups of impactors. The housing has an axially positioned discharge chute which is vertically disposed and adjustable in height. The mixture circulates through the housing in a vortex pattern, and exits through the axial discharge. The heavier solids are urged radially outward under centrifugal force and constantly strike the impactors until their size is reduced sufficiently to allow them to follow the mixture through the axial discharge.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1979Date of Patent: July 28, 1981Inventors: Jerald A. Jackson, John W. Holcomb
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Patent number: 4261521Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing molecular agglomerate size in fluids including flowing fluid streams through opposed vortex nozzles so that the fluid streams collide and enter each other so that the kinetic forces of the streams react against each other to provide a shear action sufficient to reduce the molecular agglomerate sizes of the fluid.Type: GrantFiled: March 13, 1980Date of Patent: April 14, 1981Inventor: Clifford L. Ashbrook
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Patent number: 4253839Abstract: Coarsely crystalline crude dioxazine pigments are subjected to dry milling while maintaining their crystallinity as far as possible until the desired degree of fineness is reached and then treated with a solvent.Type: GrantFiled: September 20, 1978Date of Patent: March 3, 1981Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Ernst Spietschka, Manfred Urban, Erich Paulus
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Patent number: 4248387Abstract: A re-entrant circulating stream mill vents a part of the circulating stream adjacent the annular peripheral wall of the mill directly to the junction in each of a plurality of sets of pressure nozzles and cooperating acceleration tubes which are used to form the circulating stream. Each pressure nozzle provides a high velocity gaseous jet stream that entrains material as it enters the acceleration tube where the material is accelerated to its maximum velocity before it is discharged into the vortex chamber of the mill and impacts upon the circulating stream adjacent the annular peripheral wall of the vortex chamber. The apparatus also takes advantage of the comminution of the material which takes place in the acceleration tube.Type: GrantFiled: May 9, 1979Date of Patent: February 3, 1981Assignee: Norandy, Inc.Inventor: Norwood H. Andrews
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Patent number: 4244528Abstract: A process and apparatus for micronizing solid carbonaceous material and preparing carbon oil mixtures. Micronization is accomplished by projecting particles of a carbonaceous material into the point where a number of fluid streams intersect and by then impacting the particles against a rotating cone. The resulting micronized particles are then separated from the fluid in which they are entrained and are mixed with fuel oil. A preferred fluid for use in this process is a gaseous mixture consisting of about fifty percent steam and fifty percent flue gas.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 1979Date of Patent: January 13, 1981Assignee: Dravo CorporationInventor: Joseph Vlnaty
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Patent number: 4242129Abstract: The leaching, precipitation and flotation method of recovering metals from ores is simplified by carrying out the leaching and precipitation steps simultaneously in the same reaction vessel. The method is particularly useful for recovering metals from low grade ores. During the leaching and precipitation step, mechanical comminution of the ore is also effected. The preferred reaction vessel is oscillated and the leaching and precipitation process is continuously effected by passage of the materials through the reaction vessel. The method is particularly suitable for recovering copper from oxygen containing copper ores.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 1978Date of Patent: December 30, 1980Assignee: Klockner-Humboldt-Wedag AGInventors: Hans Kellerwessel, Ernst Kausel
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Patent number: 4239496Abstract: Process for forming coal-in-oil fuel mixtures where coal is pulverized in a fluid energy pulverizer by use of a noncombustible carrier gas, with the pulverized coal separated and the spent gas cleaned to remove moisture and residual coal, the cleaned gas compressed, reheated and returned to the pulverizer for re-use as carrier gas therein.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1978Date of Patent: December 16, 1980Assignee: ComCoInventor: Joseph W. Cochran
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Patent number: 4219164Abstract: A fluid energy grinding mill having a hollow vessel providing a central cylindrical core zone and a peripheral annular zone both disposed beyond a grinding zone at one end of the vessel. Carrier medium is injected into the grinding zone to generate a vertically-flowing vortex in the core zone. At the other end of the vessel, a first portion of the flow from the vortex is recirculated in a counter flow through an annular peripheral zone surrounding the core zone to interface with injected carrier medium in a grinding zone. A second portion is discharged through a central opening in the other end of the vessel. Particulate material is fed into the recirculating flow so that it may be comminuted in the grinding zone. In the vortex, the particulate material is classified by centrifugal action and the coarse particles are recirculated. The particles ground to the desired mass are discharged with the second portion of the carrier medium which is not recirculated.Type: GrantFiled: March 16, 1979Date of Patent: August 26, 1980Assignee: Microfuels, Inc.Inventor: David W. Taylor
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Patent number: 4198004Abstract: Significant improvement in the sharpness with which particles are classified by size in a recirculating jet mill is achieved by the provision of an elongated, flexible barrier strip located adjacent the outermost part of the wall of the classifier section. The positions of both ends of the strip are adjustable for controlling classification. The cross-section of the classifier section is pear-shaped, the narrow portion of the cross-section being toward the outside of the classifier section, and the barrier strip being within said narrow portion. An auxiliary outlet for large particles can be provided behind the barrier strip.Type: GrantFiled: May 5, 1978Date of Patent: April 15, 1980Assignee: Aljet Equipment CompanyInventors: James F. Albus, Francis E. Albus
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Patent number: 4189102Abstract: Comminuting and classifying apparatus of the re-entrant circulating stream jet type includes a vortex chamber and jet means. The feed means includes a central conical recess in one wall of the chamber, a coaxial circular chamber opening into said recess and means to direct the material and gaseous carrier fluid into said chamber tangential to the wall of the chamber so that the material and carrier fluid is added to the vortex with a rotative velocity. The apparatus may also be provided with means for jet and anvil comminution of feed material and/or recirculating material. The chamber may include an annular shoulder for skimming undesirable particles in the feed material.Type: GrantFiled: May 10, 1978Date of Patent: February 19, 1980Inventor: Norwood H. Andrews
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Patent number: 4176798Abstract: An apparatus for breaking up clumps of particulate material into an even dispersion entrained within an airstream. It includes an elongated vortex tube that is open to an intake of a radial blade blower. The opposite end of the vortex tube includes a coaxial choke orifice. Particulate material is fed into the vortex tube through a tangential chute at a location adjacent the one vortex tube end. In operation, a pair of coaxial helical or vortex airstreams are formed within the vortex tube, one contained within the other. The outer vortex includes a directional component directed outward from the blower intake, while the inner vortex feeds toward the blower intake and blower blades. Material fed through the chute is received tangentially within the first outer vortex and is drawn in the outward direction. As its velocity drops, it meets the interface between the two concentric vortices.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 1978Date of Patent: December 4, 1979Assignee: Washington State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: John W. Talbott, John M. Kirkwood
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Patent number: 4163687Abstract: A uniquely designed nozzle is described for assisting the liberation of fibres from cellulosic material during an explosive defibration process. The nozzle is constructed with a plurality of internal bars so as to provide a tortuous path to the material passing therethrough from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure.Type: GrantFiled: April 24, 1978Date of Patent: August 7, 1979Assignee: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganizationInventors: Heikki Mamers, John E. Rowney
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Patent number: 4133487Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus for separating and comminuting solid particles suspended in a fluid stream. Pumpable slurries containing solid bodies suspended in a liquid are separated into two streams with the larger bodies concentrated in one stream. The stream containing the larger bodies is passed through a mill which accelerates the stream and directs the accelerated stream against a stationery wall. The high speed bodies are fractured by impact with the wall and returned to a mixing vat to be mixed with the remainder of the slurry.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1977Date of Patent: January 9, 1979Assignee: Ferguson Industries, Inc.Inventor: Juan E. Lanier
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Patent number: 4131239Abstract: A "fluid energy" mill comprising a generally arcuate or torroidal housing in which a centrifugally-whirled circulating stream of high pressure gaseous fluid is used as a grinding medium for particulate material having relatively large particle sizes; the mill having a by-pass duct leading from a classification zone where lighter particles are separated from heavier particles to a grinding chamber; the by-pass duct acting as a passage for the heavier particles back to the grinding chamber where they are mixed with newly entering particulate material fed to the grinding chamber; and a passage in the median portion of the by-pass duct connecting with a separator for removing the heaviest particles from the by-pass duct.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 1977Date of Patent: December 26, 1978Assignee: Energy Processing and Equipment Co.Inventor: Nicholas N. Stephanoff
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Patent number: 4089472Abstract: An impact target for a fluid energy mill comprises a plurality of impact plates arranged in series in spaced relationship alone and generally perpendicular to the axis of a discharge conduit. All but one of the plates has an open area in the central portion thereof and an impact area surrounding the open area. The size of the open area diminishes with the distance of the plate from the discharge conduit.Type: GrantFiled: April 25, 1977Date of Patent: May 16, 1978Assignee: Eastman Kodak CompanyInventors: Harris T. Siegel, James R. Olson
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Patent number: 4069979Abstract: A method of breaking up and separating waste glass with use of a lattice comprising a grizzly made up of parallel bars arranged at a spacing smaller than the minimum width of projection of three-dimensional extraneous matter and auxiliary parallel bars disposed over one surface of the grizzly and arranged at right angles to the bars, the diagonal dimension of the openings of the lattice being smaller than the maximum width of projection of planar extraneous matter, the method being characterized by dropping the waste glass onto the grizzly surface of the lattice to break up the waste glass under gravity and to separate the waste glass into an undersize portion passing through the lattice and an oversize portion, and repeatedly subjecting the oversize portion to the aforesaid operation to obtain cullet as an undersize material and to remove the extraneous matter from the waste glass as an oversize material.Type: GrantFiled: November 12, 1976Date of Patent: January 24, 1978Assignees: Yamamura Glass Kabushiki Kaisha, Junzo ShimoiizakaInventors: Kaneji Morita, Akio Sugie, Kunio Ishioka
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Patent number: 4059231Abstract: A method and apparatus for selectively comminuting particles of a frangible material for the production of filter aid, the apparatus including an air-conveying system for carrying entrained particles of varying masses, a venturi for accelerating the air stream and entrained particles, a duct for receiving the accelerated air stream and particles, and impact bars mounted in the duct for selectively fragmenting the entrained particles. The impact bars are positioned in the accelerated air stream to establish adverse pressure fields which classify the entrained particles and which provide impact surfaces to fragment particles greater than a predetermined mass, the rest of the particles being deflected around the bars by the action of the adverse pressure fields.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 1976Date of Patent: November 22, 1977Assignee: Grefco, Inc.Inventor: Ernest L. Neu
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Patent number: 4056233Abstract: A fluid energy mill for pulverizing to a predeterminedly desired classification or size dry solid material injected into a grinding chamber for entrainment in a high velocity vortex of a gaseous fluid established in said chamber. The grinding chamber is internally provided with a baffle located in the center of the vortex about which the heavier and coarser particles of the material are whirled at high velocity back into the vortex by the centrifugal force thereof for such further attrition of said particles prior to their discharge from the grinding chamber until they have been reduced in size and weight to their desired classification. The central baffle which may be of solid or tubular form, extends upwardly from the bottom of the chamber to a level just short of the chamber ceiling and provides a passageway extending across the top of the baffle for discharge of the finely divided particles from the top region of the grinding chamber.Type: GrantFiled: October 1, 1976Date of Patent: November 1, 1977Inventor: Edwin F. Fay
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Patent number: 4049201Abstract: Apparatus and method for dry, mechanical separation of heavy and light materials dispersed in substances. The apparatus comprises a screened funnel through which the substance is introduced, a cylindrical tube mounted on support means and inclined to the vertical, means to spread the substances, within the cylinder a second screened opening through which heavy material passes and exit means for the light weight, waste material.Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 1976Date of Patent: September 20, 1977Inventor: Glen MacArthur
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Patent number: 4004942Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for mechanically and pneumatically cning and stripping particulate granular and/or pulverulent solid materials which are particularly applicable to the regeneration of old foundry sand agglomerated by a binder. The particulate materials are introduced into and projected by a current of gas against the interior sides of a rotating drum where the materials are repeatedly subjected to a shock treatment.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 1975Date of Patent: January 25, 1977Assignee: Societe d'Applications de Procedes Industriels et Chimiques S.A.P.I.C.Inventor: Gerard Yves Richard
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Patent number: 3995814Abstract: An impact disintegrator for ore and rock material includes an annular grizzly for supporting an annular array of closely associated chunks of target material, which preferably are the same as the ore or rock material to be disintegrated, and a rotary slinger disposed centrally of the grizzly for forcibly slinging pieces of the ore or rock material to be disintegrated outwardly toward and against the array of chunks supported by the grizzly. The slinger is designed to also act as a blower to force air into the disintegrator. A plurality of chutes depend from beneath the grizzly for receiving disintegrated ore or rock materials resulting from the impact of the slung pieces against the array, and means may be provided for bleeding off fines from the disintegrated material received by the chutes.Type: GrantFiled: August 25, 1975Date of Patent: December 7, 1976Inventor: Albert K. Alberts
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Patent number: 3979073Abstract: A method and apparatus for scrubbing particles of sand used in foundry molding is disclosed. The device utilizes a rotating impellor surrounded by a stationary control cage having at least one upwardly positioned opening therein to project sand against a target. The sand rebounds from the target and is continually intercepted and impacted by subsequent grains of sand hurled by the impellor through the control cage opening. The device produces a scrubbing action on the particles by the repeated and continual contact with each to reduce binder buildup from the molding process. A first stage scrubbing of the particles is obtained by causing the particles to be compacted between the rotating impellor and the control cage prior to their being thrown against the target. The sand particles may be recycled through the device any number of times in order to increase the scrubbing effect and further reduce binder buildup.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 1975Date of Patent: September 7, 1976Assignee: Wheelabrator-Frye, Inc.Inventor: Raymond M. Leliaert
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Patent number: 3973733Abstract: Apparatus and a method of comminuting coal to about 1 to 10 microns size comprising introducing the coal particles into a plurality of vessels, each of which is subjected to high pressure, superheated steam which infuses into the pores of said particles equalizing the pressure therein with that surrounding the particles in the vessel. By opening a discharge valve of each vessel connected to a nozzle leading into a housing, in which a paddle wheel is located, the particles will burst in each vessel to smaller size because of the reduction of the pressure therein surrounding the particles. Opening of said valve will effect acceleration, turbulence and collision of the particles to cause further breakage particularly as the particles are further expanded through the nozzle and against the blades of the paddle wheel driven in a direction opposite that of the nozzle jets. The vessel may be operated under partial vacuum by connection to a steam condenser through which cooling water flows.Type: GrantFiled: September 13, 1974Date of Patent: August 10, 1976Assignee: Gilbert Associates Inc.Inventor: George W. Switzer
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Patent number: 3968937Abstract: Droppings are disposed by placing a rotating sprinkler within a container over droppings and dissolving the droppings, lifting the open-bottom container from the droppings, and flowing the solution or dispersion outward. A valve actuates the sprinkler once the open-bottom container has been placed over the dropping. A ballast tank fills with water to hold the container down on droppings when disposing of droppings which are resistant to solution or dispersion.Type: GrantFiled: April 19, 1974Date of Patent: July 13, 1976Inventor: Gaylord R. Miller
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Patent number: 3948447Abstract: Used foundry sand which is predominantly in the form of lumps containing a binder for the sand particles is regenerated. In the course of the regeneration, the lumps are comminuted and, simultaneously therewith, an at least partial separation of the sand and the binder is effected. The simultaneous comminution and separation is effected by a dry, mechanical procedure during which the lumps are subjected to an abrasive or scouring action. This is accomplished by means of a pair of vibrating or rotating brush-like members provided with steel bristles. These members are located adjacent the bottom of a trough-shaped strainer which permits the passage of sand particles having a size less than a predetermined size. A cover is provided for the strainer and serves to cause rebounding of particles which impinge upon it. A feed hopper feeds the lumps of used foundry sand to the brush-like members and a bar overlying the gap between the latter prevents entry of the lumps into the gap.Type: GrantFiled: August 7, 1974Date of Patent: April 6, 1976Inventor: Hermann Jacob
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Patent number: 3936004Abstract: A material reducer for coal, lignite, ore, stone, rock, oil shale and the like which employs rotary hammers, bars or the like not only to crush the material but also to propel the crushed material upwardly along a confined or partially confined path or discharge chute which empties onto an output conveyor, a screen or other processing equipment. The chute is provided with means to reduce or eliminate clogging at the discharge port from the reducer. The input end of the reducer can be at a level sufficiently low to be supplied by mobile loading units such as front-end loaders, over-the-head loaders, and others. The center of gravity can also be substantially lowered, providing more stability without the normal cumbersome frame and support structure.Type: GrantFiled: May 13, 1974Date of Patent: February 3, 1976Assignee: Pennsylvania Crusher CorporationInventors: Carl R. Graf, Harry E. Janes, Anthony W. Slikas
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Patent number: 3932194Abstract: Milled talc materials containing about twenty to about thirty-five weight percent tremolite having particle size distributions such that no more than five percent of the particles are larger than 10 microns, no more than 12 percent of the particles are larger than five microns and no more than 15 percent of the particles are smaller than 0.3 microns in equivalent spherical diameter have improved opacifying properties for use in paper, rubber, plastics and paint manufacture. The materials can be obtained by jet or fluid energy milling and by controlling the milling variables to produce particle size distributions within the critical range.Type: GrantFiled: February 11, 1974Date of Patent: January 13, 1976Assignee: Johns-Manville CorporationInventors: Richard Seyb Lamar, Norman Bach Scheffel