Abstract: A pneumatic pulverizer comprises an accelerating pipe for conveying and accelerating powder by a high pressure gas, a pulverizing chamber and an impinging member which pulverizes the powder jetted out from the accelerating pipe through impinging force. The impinging member is provided in the pulverizing chamber as opposed to the accelerating pipe outlet and the impinging member has an impinging surface with a tip portion having a conical shape with an apex angle of 110.degree. to 175.degree.. In this way, powder is pulverized at the impinging surface of the impinging member and dispersed substantially in the entire circumferential direction after impinging and the powder dispersed may impinge secondarily on the wall of the pulverizing chamber.

Abstract: An improved centrifugal pneumatic comminutor including a housing containing a fan means operatively connected to a motor means, said housing having an inlet opening aligned with the axis of said fan and an outlet opening on the perimeter of said housing, an input conduit mounted to said housing surrounding said inlet opening including a frustal conically shaped section adjacent said housing, and an output conduit attached to said housing surrounding said outlet opening, the material to be comminuted being introduced into said input conduit and being drawn into said frustal conically shaped section by suction of said fan. The materials are comminuted in said iput conduit in a rotational impact area directly below said fan and thereafter are pulled through said fan and forced out said output conduit by the pressure of said fan. The fan means includes a ring member attached to the fan which rotatably mates with a journal means attached to the housing creating an air lock through the comminutor.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for breaking stone rock or other frangible material and separating fines from the resultant mixture, having a cyclonic breaking zone in a lower part of a housing in which a rotor operates to break up larger pieces, the action causing fines to rise in the housing for discharging from an upper region of the housing. Alternative positions for exits for the fines are in the wall or roof of the housing or in a shelf which extends outwardly beyond the wall confining the breaking zone.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an apparatus for improving the grinding result of a pressure chamber grinder. According to the method the finely divided material to be ground is fed by means of a mechanical feeder device (1) into a pressurized equalizing tank (2), the possibly clodded material is made loose by means of a rotor in the equalizing tank, and the material thus made loose is transferred into a pre-grinder (3), wherein several grinding-gas jets are applied to the material to be ground so that the material to be ground is fluidized, the fluidized material-gas flow is passed into a bisecting device (6), wherein it is divided into two component flows of equivalent magnitude and composition, each component flow is passed into the main grinding chamber (9) through a long accelerating nozzle (8) of its own, which said nozzle is directed so that a collision zone for the two component flows is formed in the center point of the said main grinding chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fiberizing feed stock in the form of shreds or the like to form a low density cellulosic product. The shredded feed stock is fed to a material handling rotor that functions as a centrifugal blower. The apparatus includes a housing that defines a cylindrical rotor chamber formed about a horizontal axis and a volute-shaped internal passage having at least one convolution formed around the rotor chamber. Located within the housing is a cylindrical screen with perforations that open into the rotor chamber. The centrifugal blower rotor is mounted in the rotor chamber and has a plurality of radial vanes with rakes attached to the outer ends closely spaced from the inner surface of the screen so that they continuously wipe pass the perforations to prevent clogging or blinding.

Abstract: A process for micronizing solid matters in a jet mill, wherein the solid matters are brought into the jet mill across an injector and wherein the micronization takes place, if necessary, in the presence of milling aids and/or dispersing agents, wherein the solid matters are forcibly supplied to the injector and an apparatus for carrying out the process, the apparatus comprising a dosing means, a forcible entry means, and injector and a jet mill.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing fine copper flakes which comprises media milling copper powder particles with one or more organic surfactants in a non-polar organic medium to comminute the copper particles and produce intermediate flakes having a thickness of less than about 3 micrometers, removing the major portion of the organic medium and the organic surfactants from the intermediate flakes to produce dried intermediate flakes, and fluid energy milling the intermediate flakes to reduce the diameter of the dried intermediate flakes and produce flakes having a diameter of no greater than about 10 micrometers in diameter.

Abstract: Copper powder with enhanced sinterability and process for producing same is disclosed which comprises fluid energy milling dendritic copper powder particles having a mean particle size of no greater than about 25 micrometers in diameter to produce a deagglomerated cold-worked powder wherein the particles are essentially equiaxed in shape and are of a mean particle size of no greater than about 7 micrometers in diameter.

Abstract: A process for micronizing solid matters in a jet mill, wherein the solid matters are brought into the jet mill across an injector and wherein the micronization takes place, if necessary, in the presence of milling aids and/or dispersing agents, wherein the solid matters are forcibly supplied to the injector and an apparatus for carrying out the process, the apparatus comprising a dosing means, a forcible entry means, and injector and a jet mill.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for mechanically removing a sulphur containing layer from lumped lime, wherein the lumped lime is accelerated from a bottom member by a mechanical impulse and projected from the bottom member against a processing surface having profiles provided over partial sections thereof to remove the sulphur containing layer, when the lumped lime returns to the bottom member and the process is repeated along a conveying path for the lumped lime for a determined length of time, or for as long as it takes to achieve the desired removal of the sulphur containing layer.

Abstract: A system for collecting, drying, and comminuting garbage. The garbage is collected and introduced into a hopper. A plurality of heat lamps and sandblasting nozzles are provided on the walls of the hopper. The garbage is dried and comminuted in the hopper. A mesh conveyor is provided for filtering out particles smaller than sand which are delivered by a conveyor for further waste disposal. Particles and sand which do not pass through the mesh conveyor are fed back and delivered under pressure to the sandblasting nozzles.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the low temperature comminution of tires includes the separation of the tires into tire portions including tread portions, sidewall portions and bead portions. The tire portions are cooled and crushed to form rubber granules and scrap material. The rubber granules are sorted from the scrap material in a process that includes the step of suspending the granules in a moving stream of low temperature gas. The stream of gas and rubber granules is impacted on a solid surface to grind the granules. The low temperature gas is preferably recycled and cooled by heat exchange with another circulating low temperature gas such as nitrogen.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus for subjecting particles dispersed in a fluid to a shearing action thereby to reduce the size of the particles. The apparatus comprises a body having a flow passage therethrough, and first and second nozzle members defining an annular orifice generally adjacent one end of the passage and generally coaxial therewith, the orifice having an axial dimension constituting its length (L) and a radial dimension constituting its width (W). The nozzle surfaces defining the orifice are generally parallel to one another and generally parallel to the axis of the one of the passage, which allows the length of the orifice to be adjusted, without changing the width of the orifice, by effecting axial movement of the second nozzle member relative to the first nozzle member. The width of the orifice may be adjusted by replacing either nozzle member with nozzle members of different configurations.

Abstract: Heads of lettuce are mechanically torn into bite size portions. Each head of lettuce is washed, the outer leaves and core removed, and the cleaned heads are introduced one at a time into a rotating cylindrical basket. The basket upwardly opens and has holes formed in a sidewall thereof of a size to admit torn bite size pieces of lettuce therethrough. The basket rotates about a vertical axis at a speed that engages and tears the heads of lettuce into the bite size pieces. A catching bowl is placed concentrically about the basket and in spaced relationship thereto. The bowl receives the torn lettuce that is thrown through the wall of the rotating basket.

Abstract: A fluidized granulating and coating apparatus having a cylindrical treating vessel provided with at least one spray nozzle, at least one air supply duct and one exhaust duct, and a downwardly converging frusto-conical portion. The spray nozzle is disposed at a position below the interface of the fluidized particles within the region of the frusto-conical portion. At least one compressed air nozzle is disposed at a level below the interface of the fluidized particles and within the range of the frusto-conical portion. Disclosed also is a fluidized granulating and coating method which makes use of this apparatus. With the apparatus and the method of the invention, it is possible to produce granular products such as a slow-effecting or long-lasting pharmaceutical product with a high quality and homogeneity at a high yield, by coating cores of spherical granules with a coating composition containing the medical component of the desired property.

Abstract: A carbide tip is provided at a charge stock discharge opening of a rotor in a crushing apparatus. The dimension of the carbide tip in the inner circumferential direction of the rotor is set to 1/2 or more of a maximum particle size of the charge stock. Furthermore, another dimension of the carbide tip is set to 1/2-2 times the maximum particle size of the charge stock. A groove is formed at or near a bonded portion between the carbide tip and a base material of an end blade, so as to avoid stress concentration at the bonded portion.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed granulating apparatus which granulates powdered or granular raw materials by centrifugally tumbling and fluidizing them on a rotor rotating in a container and by supplying a gas from a lower portion of the container. The container and the rotor are supported by a horizontally movable wagon, are vertically and movably supported by a lift-up device, and can be attached to and separated from the lower portion of a body of the fluidized-bed granulating apparatus. The rotor is rotated by a motor provided outside the granulating apparatus, and the driving force of the motor is transmitted from the output shaft thereof to the rotor through a universal joint, a transmission shaft, and a reduction gear. When the container and the rotor are attached to and separated from the lower portion of the body of the graulating apparatus, the universal joint is similarly attached to and separated from the transmission shaft.

Abstract: A mill for grinding powder material is disclosed having a cylindrical separation chamber into which the powder material is fed as a dispersion in a gas stream. Powdered material initially is supplied through two spaced powder inlets each located between a jet and a venturi throat assembly so that milling fluid introduces the powder material through the venturis and the venturis are mounted in opposition so that the gas streams carrying the powder impinge on one another to impart grinding. The impinged material passes to a third venturi to be entrained in a gas fed from a third jet nozzle and introduced through the venturi into the separation chamber. The mill is of particular use for milling pigmentary powders.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the grinding result of a pressure chamber grinder includes a feeder for feeding material into a pressurized equalizing tank, then transferring the material into a pre-grinder where the material is fluidized by grinding-gas jets. The fluidized material-gas flow is divided by a bisecting device into two component flows and it is accelerated through two accelerating nozzles which are directed toward a impact point of a main grinding chamber. The grinding chamber has an outlet connected to an acceleration tube inlet which is connected at its discharge to a free-flow grinder provided with tangentially directed grinding-gas nozzles. The material which passes through the nozzles is in a ready ground final product form is removed constantly through a centrally located exhaust pipe.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the continuous production of a solid granulate by drying and simultaneous granulation in a flow bed. In this connection, the solid to be granulated, in the form of a solution or suspension, is sprayed into or onto the bed of material consisting of pregranulated solid and fluidized by an injected drying gas of suitable temperature, a corresponding quantity of granulate is discharged from the bed of material and separately therefrom the drying gas is drawn off together with the water vapor produced. In order to obtain a mode of operation independent of the flow velocity of the drying gas, the granules of the fluidized bed of material are continuously subjected to a centrifugal force classification, the mixture of drying gas and water vapor serving as carrier gas for classification.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved mill that achieves excellent milling with a reduced consumption of milling gas. The mill incorporates an impact plate in-line with a first jet and venturi and a second jet and venturi to entrain the milled particles from the plate to feed into a separation/milling chamber.

Abstract: Colored resinous particles suitable for use in toner powder for developing electrostatic latent images are produced from a pulverized feed at a good production efficiency and with a sharp particle size distribution through a classifying and pulverizing system including a second pulverization step associated with a second classification step in addition to a first classification step, such a second classification step and first pulverization step. The pulverized feed supplies to the first classification step is classified into a first classified fine powder and a first coarse powder, which is then pulverized in the first pulverization step and recycled to the first classification step. The first classified fine powder is supplied to the second classification step and classified therein into a second classified fine powder and a second coarse powder, which is then pulverized in the second pulverization step and recycled to the first classification step or the second classification step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for pulverizing a solid fuel material introduced inside a vessel by means of a screw conveyor through a die opening within the vessel and in which is formed by extrusion a roll of compressed material, the latter being disintegrated by at least one gas jet injected under high pressure. According to the invention the gas is injected from the inside of the conveyor and in the axis of each die, each gas jet having a sufficient momentum to form substantially a cone centered on the axis of the roll widening from the inside of the latter, each roll being constituted by a hollow tube whose inner wall crumbles and takes the shape of the jet liberating particles which are sucked into the jet and introduced into the vessel. The invention is particularly applicable to supplying a gasifying reactor.

Abstract: A rice-hull-ash filter aid is produced by burning rice hulls to produce ash, grinding the ash to reduce its particle size, classifying the ground ash to remove oversized particles and collecting the remaining particles.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of reducing agglomeration of fluids consisting of the vigorous agitation of the liquid by a double opposed vortex nozzle and the passing of the liquid through a magnetic field. One of the opposed nozzles may have ozone gas forced through it for treating sewage. The apparatus and method may also be used to treat cooling tower water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a spherical grain shape in fine grain toners. The toners are of the type used in electrophotography for developing latent charge images. The treatment of the toner takes place in a material bed which is fluidized by gas streams which are directed against one another. In this manner the grains are subjected to a multitude of reciprocal collisions and friction stress. The intensity of the collisions and frictional stress are adjusted through selection of the operating pressure, velocity, direction and temperature of the gas streams. Thus the grains undergo permanent deformation. A classifier to separate out the super-fine portion resulting from abrasion.

Abstract: A spiral gas stream is generated in a pipeline when a uniform flow of gas flowing in a cylinder having inner diameter larger than that of the pipeline is introduced through a funnelform reducer into the inlet of the pipeline and bringing the mean gas stream velocity in the pipeline faster than 20 meter per second. The uniform flow of gas is formed in the cylinder easily when outside low pressure gas is fed into the cylinder through a feed gas inlet pipe installed diagonally at the side of the cylinder apart from the bottom plate so as to make the flow line of the feed gas to cross the axis of the cylinder and inclined toward the bottom plate. When solid particles are introduced into the spiral gas stream zone, they are transported to the outlet of the pipeline. As the compressed gas layer is formed along the inside wall of the pipeline by the spiral motion of gas stream, solid particles don't contact directly with the inside wall of the pipeline and don't hurt it.

Abstract: A fluid energy mill has an internal centrifugal classifier exhausting product-sized particulates entrained in fluid carrier medium such as steam. The classifier discharges oversized pulverulent material entrained in fluid carrier medium downward and outward into the sonic or supersonic discharge of fluid carrier medium from a plurality of centrally located nozzles. The nozzles create a grinding field directed outward and upward within a containment vessel at the top of which the mixed flow is directed radially inward by the containment walls. Turning vanes induce vorticity in the downward flow through the centrifugal classifier. A pipe disposed axially with the vessel exhausts the product stream and feeds raw pulverulent material into the mill.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a device for feeding a material to be ground into a pressure chamber grinder provided with an equalizing tank (1), in which said equalizing tank (1) there is substantially the same pressure as in the pre-grinding part of the grinder, with which said pre-grinding part the equalizing tank (1) communicates via screw conveyor. The said device is installed in the top portion of the equalizing tank.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for finely crushing particles of material in a mill comprising feeding the material to be crushed to a first impact position, impacting and impelling the particles from the first impact position by a rotating impact surface stationary impact surface to a and accelerating the particles in a vacuum to produce a sufficiently high impact energy at the first impact surfact to crush the particles fed thereto prior to the section impact surface. The particles to be comminuted are passed through a feeding tube or channel to a crushing chamber containing a rotor having its axle parallel to the feeding tube and having first impact surfaces thereon which are arranged to be parallel with the stationary impact surface, or surfaces, at the time they impact with the particles fed to the first impact position. The outlet of the feeding tube is located at the outer periphery of the rotor.

Abstract: A gun-target apparatus and method for producing silicon seed particles from silicon feed particles comprising accelerating silicon feed particles from a container and propelling them into a silicon target in a target chamber. The target is movable within said chamber so that a different portion of the silicon target is exposed to the oncoming seeds. The seeds are accumulated in a receiver and separated from silicon dust and larger feed particles.

Abstract: Improved grinding in a re-entrant jet comminuting and classifying mill is provided by directing the gaseous jet streams emitted from the nozzles in the annular peripheral wall of the mill's vortex chamber at a relatively acute angle to the radius of the chamber and also at an acute angle to the central axis of the chamber whereby the jet streams merge at a tangent circle that is substantially within the midpoint of the radius of the chamber and axially spaced from the plane of the nozzles in a direction remote from the axial outlet of the mill. The mill is provided with axial feed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of reducing agglomeration of fluids consisting of the vigorous agitation of the liquid by a double opposed vortex nozzle and the passing of the liquid through a magnetic field. One of the opposed nozzles may have ozone gas forced through it for treating sewage.

Abstract: A method of comminuting a rare earth metallic alloy powder by impact milling for facilitating formation of an improved rare earth magnet.

Abstract: A nozzle with a stand-off plate is incorporated in a hydrocyclone to break-down and remove contaminants existing within a liquid medium, said plate sloping towards the nozzle and abutting upon a cylinder forming the hydrocyclone.

Abstract: A fluid energy mill has an internal centrifugal classifier exhausting product-sized particulates entrained in fluid carrier medium such as steam. The classifier discharges oversized pulverulent material entrained in fluid carrier medium downward and outward into the sonic or supersonic discharge of fluid carrier medium from a plurality of centrally located nozzles. The nozzles create a grinding field directed outward and upward within a containment vessel at the top of which the mixed flow is directed radially inward by the containment walls. Turning vanes induce vorticity in the downward flow through the centrifugal classifier. A pipe disposed axially with the vessel exhausts the product stream and feeds raw pulverulent material into the mill.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for producing mechanically alloyed powders on a commercial scale comprising milling the components of the powder product in a gravity-dependent-type ball mill to produce a powder having a characteristic apparent density. Powder so produced will have reached an acceptable processing level and will meet one criterion for determining whether it will be suitable for further processing to the end product.

Abstract: A nozzle with a stand-off plate is incorporated in a filter to remove and break-down contaminants existing within a liquid medium, said filter being represented by a collar with a plurality of minor openings or by a spring.

Abstract: A method of improving the working properties of fluid systems, e.g., hydraulic, lubrication, fuel, etc. The method lies in hydromechanical destroying or cavitation eroding the solid contaminants of the fluid, directly in the system or separately; dispersing of them into and retaining them within the fluid; releasing the gaseous and liquid contaminants, driving them off; and the emulsification of the fluid. As a side action, feeding of the pump of the fluid system is improved as well.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for treatment of crystalline, particulate phthalocyanine pigments, and particularly for green shade phthalocyanine blue pigments. To effect development of the pigment tinctorial strength by reduction of the pigment particle size, the pigment particles are repeatedly impacted against relatively fixed impact plates by entrainment in moving air streams. Repeated impacting of the particulate pigment provides significant reduction in its particle size and significant development of the tinctorial strength of the pigment. It is presently preferred that the impacting steps be carried out in conjunction with subsequent viscous grinding of the partially developed pigment. This combination of treatment steps has been found to provide a resultant product of significantly enhanced tinctorial strength, while at the same time affording significant savings in materials, process time, and energy usage.

Abstract: The apparatus disclosed relates to a fluidized bed jet mill having a grinding chamber which is free of fixtures which is provided in its bottom region with a nozzle with a gas jet emerging vertically upward. The jet mill is configured such that when the grinding chamber is filled with the material to be reduced in size, material and gas emerge from the bed of material as a column of little speed. The column serves as a feeder for a classifier provided above the surface of the material bed and driven independently from the impulse of the jet emerging from the bottom nozzle. For improving the efficiency of energy utilization in grinding, a plurality of additional nozzles are provided. The additional nozzles discharge below the surface of the bed of material and into the grinding chamber. The orifices of the additional nozzles are uniformly distributed in a plane running perpendicular to the axis of the bottom nozzle.

Abstract: Coating method and apparatus, in which jet streams of a high-pressure fluid are ejected in the opposed directions into a pulverization zone in a pulverizer to hit a raw material conveyed by one of the jet streams on the other and thereby pulverize the same, the surfaces of particles of the resultant raw material are coated at the same time that the pulverization is done. The raw material to be pulverized is fed into the pulverization zone with a jet stream or by a mechanical means to be then accelerated by a jet stream therein. A coating material is fed in the same direction in which a jet stream flows, or directly into the pulverization zone.

Abstract: In a rotation granulator, the injection nozzles for the powder are provided along the jacket surface of the granulator container over the rotary table, so that the powder will arrive directly in the range of the stronger flow. In order to prevent any interruptions of the operation due to the filter part, a two-chamber system is proposed in which the first and second chambers may be alternately cut off. This makes it possible to operate the installation without any interruption. In order to control the air supply, the rotary table is mounted so that it may be moved up and down, in order that the width of the air gap between the rotary table and the inner wall of the conical casing may be adjusted. Lastly, a device for taking of samples provides a system of sluices or channels by which the low-pressure space of the granulator is actively prevented from being in direct contact with the free atmosphere.

Abstract: Pulverizing apparatus comprising a generally cylindrical vessel (11), feed means (16) for feeding the material to be pulverized into said vessel, a plurality of circumferentially spaced fluid injection nozzles (24) each angled between a radius of the cylindrical vessel passing through the nozzles and a direction perpendicular to said radius, to inject fluid into the vessel and induce an axially flowing vortex (25) in the vessel having its axis generally centrally of the vessel, transverse wall means (12) at a location remote from the nozzles to intercept the vortex and to deflect a portion (26) of the fluid medium and entrained particles of material to effect a recirculation of the fluid medium within the vessel and thus to form a curtain surrounding the vortex. The material is pulverized by interparticle collisions and the curtain reduces high speed particle contact with the cylindrical wall of the vessel.

Abstract: Coal particles, typically having a particle diameter below approximately one micron, are produced by mechanical fracturing, the addition of a swelling agent, the further mechanical fracturing and removal of the swelling agent. In particular, gaseous anhydrous ammonia is employed as the entrainment fluid and swelling agent in a fluid energy mill for coal comminution.

Abstract: A no-moving parts pulverizer and classifier system reduces carbonaceous materials to one hundred fifty microns to less than ten microns using superheated steam or any gas capable of being compressed and expanded thru machined orifices. The resultant size reduction depends upon the classifier gas rate and pressure, the pulverizer gas rate and its pressure. These combinations control and regulate maximum particle size, average particle size and the mix of gas and solids in process. The feedstock enters the classifier chamber by auger or similar as long as the feeder maintains a positive seal. The classifier chamber separates the feedstock by size and particles of a predetermined size exit the system in a specific ratio of gas and solids. The feedstock larger than specified exit the base of the classifier, split into two equal streams and accelerate thru the pulverizer. The reduced feedstock exits the pulverizer, mixes with incoming feedstock and again enters the classifier.

Abstract: A jet-type grinding mill wherein particles are entrained in a circulating gaseous vortex and caused to pulverize each other during their passage through the mill, the mill having a classifier or separator section wherein there are a pair of coaxial tubular nozzles, one within and radially spaced from the other, the two nozzles forming an auxiliary cyclone-type separator means whereby the lightest of the ground particles pass through the inner nozzle as final product while the heavier ground particles are recycled back for further processing.

Abstract: An opposed type jet mill, in which a discharge pipe for feeding a mixture flow of high speed gas and ground material discharged from a grinding chamber to an airflow classifying chamber is provided nearly at an equal distance from a new raw material accelerating injector and a regrinding raw material accelerating injector disposed on the left and right hands, respectively, of the grinding chamber and at right angles to a common center line of the both injectors, and a coarse grain return pipe for feeding coarse grains separated in said airflow classifying chamber to the regrinding raw material accelerating injector is disposed so that the angle formed between said return pipe and said regrinding raw material accelerating injector may become an acute angle of 60 degrees or less, which jet mill can reduce energy loss of gas flows and yet can achieve micro-fine grinding.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus involving an unrestricted gravity feed influent inlet and an unrestricted effluent outlet which is upward and opposed by the force of gravity, for grinding by the slicing action of jet streams of an incompressible fluid such as water, solid waste materials into homogeneous sized bits suitable for pumping and subsequent further processing in a waste treatment system.

Abstract: In a centrifugal crusher including a rotor rotating at high speed for receiving a supply of material to be crushed, and a crushing chamber enclosing the rotor, the material is thrown out of the rotor in a tangential direction by centrifugal forces into collision with a dead-bed constituted by particulate material stacked in a heap in the crushing chamber after being produced by crushing the material. The particulate material brought into collision with the dead-bed is allowed to stay in the crushing chamber for a period of time long enough to serve as a dead-bed for crushing the particulate material into particles of a desired particle size, before being discharged continuously or periodically from the crushing chamber.