Abstract: The present invention pertains to a system and a method for recovering salvageable ferrous and non-ferrous materials from incinerated waste materials including friable, carbonaceous incineration byproducts such as ash and associated ferrous and non-ferrous metal components. The system includes at least one crushing means for selectively comminuting friable material comprised of a rotating roll having at least one protrusion, preferably a weld extending transversely to the direction of rotation of roll, on its exterior cylindrical surfaces in spaced relation to a backing plate. The backing plate is urged toward the roll by a bias means exerted a preferably adjustable pressure sufficient to comminute the friable carbonaceous material to a desired size, and insufficient so as to permit the backing plate to retract and allow passage of ferrous and non-ferrous components in the waste material through the crushing means substantially uncomminuted.

Abstract: In an apparatus and method for producing sand from stone, the stone is first crushed in a centrifugal crusher and then filtered through a screen. The stone retained on the screen is further crushed by a vibration mill. The stone passing through the screen and the stone crushed by the vibration mill are combined and then are filtered through a separater to separate out the minute particules. Measurements of various flow rates and particle sizes are made in order to control the rotational speed of the vibration mill and the rate at which stone is supplied to the screen.

Abstract: A method for fractionating milling of cereals between two milling disks having annular working surfaces facing each other and composed of serrated segments, such that the desired fraction, for instance bakery flour, can be recovered by sifting even after a single passage of the milling material between the milling disks. The invention is characterized in that the serrate pattern of said segments comprises a plurality of straight, parallel ridges acting as cutting teeth alternating with parallel grooves and being so designed that the cutting teeth of each segment have a constant height and width and make such an angle with respect to the line of symmetry of the segment that the cutting teeth of each milling disk will intersect the lines of symmetry of each segment of the other milling disk at an angle of .+-..alpha..sub.1 for one milling disk and .+-..alpha..sub.

Abstract: A portable plant to crush stones characterized by its simple construction and operation, good capacity of production, convenient control by a single operator in a centrally located cabin, and collapsible main components for convenient transportation. This portable crushing plant comprises a main truck and auxiliary trucks, conveyors mounted on the main truck, crushing units and screening units mounted on the auxiliary trucks respectively, and the conveyors and screening units being collapsible for convenient transportation thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for collecting the flesh of fish comprising an endless belt for conveying a material and two rotatable hollow rolls for collecting the flesh of fish each having a multiplicity of flesh collecting holes in its peripheral wall and being closed at its one end and open at the other end thereof, the two collecting rolls being spaced apart by a distance in the direction of movement of the endless belt and held in pressing contact with the surface of the belt by separate contact pressure adjusting means individually, a scraping knife being disposed at the rear side of each collecting roll and adapted for sliding contact with the peripheral surface of the collecting roll.

Abstract: Differential rate screening processes and apparatuses for continuously screening a feed of particulate material having particles distributed among a plurality of substreams each of a different size class. A stream of feed is separated by causing part of each of at least two undersize substreams to pass through the apertures of a screening member at partial flow rates providing control over the size distribution of a throughs stream. The relative flow rates at which the undersize substreams pass into the throughs stream is controlled to provide substantially a preselected size distribution in a particulate product stream.

Abstract: A process and plant for mechanical treatment of municipal refuse, including transformation and subsequent reuse of various directly or indirectly usable products. The process permits complete separation of the combustibles, vegetable matter, hard plastics, PVC, ferrous scrap and inert substances, and includes the following steps, starting from the receiving pit: tearing open the sacks containing the municipal refuse and thoroughly mixing the slime; charging a treatment line wherein the combustible, vegetable matter, hard plastics, PVC and glass bottles fractions undergo primary separation; collecting some of the separated products as directly usable products; and routing the remainder of the separated products to lines for treatment of the various fractions contained therein.

Abstract: A device for breaking coal and for separating predetermined size coal particles and impurities therefrom. A supply of coal containing rock, shale and other impurities is dumped in a hopper through a top opening. A zigzag-shaped passageway extends from the top to the bottom of the hopper and has a single double action accelerator rotor or a pair of accelerator rotors mounted therein. The rotors increase the speed of the deposited materials that are moving by gravity through the passageway by striking the material and propelling it in the same direction that it was moving prior to being struck. The coal is split upon impact against splitting grates. Chutes located beneath the splitting grates receive the coal particles which pass through sized openings formed in the grates and deposit it in a collection area. The rotors each include a shaft with a plurality of radially outwardly extending blades.

Abstract: Disclosed are differential rate screening processes and apparatuses for continuously screening undersize particles in different size classes to different degrees of incompletion to provide a product having a preselected distribution of particle sizes substantially different from the distribution of particle sizes in a feed of particulate material. An input stream of feed material is introduced onto a screening member having apertures of sufficient size to pass a plurality of size classes, and is separated into at least a throughs stream and one other stream by causing undersize classes to pass through screen apertures and into a throughs stream in proportions relative to one another substantially different from the proportions of the same undersize classes relative to one another in the input stream. The overs, throughs or both from one rate screening member may be introduced as an input stream onto another rate screening member.

Abstract: Disclosed are differential rate screening processes and apparatuses for continuously screening undersize particles in different size classes to different degrees of incompletion to provide a product having a preselected distribution of particle sizes substantially different from the distribution of particle sizes in a feed of particulate material. A stream of feed is introduced onto a screening member having apertures of sufficient size to pass a plurality of size classes, and is separated into at least a throughs stream and one other stream by causing undersize classes to pass through screen apertures and into a throughs stream in proportions relative to one another substantially different from the proportions of the same undersize classes relative to one another in the feed stream.

Abstract: A two-stage meat straining apparatus is provided in which a pair of communicating presses separate meat from bone. Each press has a cylindrical pressure chamber for containing meat and bones to be separated, a sealing wall for closing off one end of the pressure chamber, and an exchangeable cylindrical lining sleeve within the pressure chamber having openings extending therethrough and debouching into collector channels in the pressure chamber, through which openings meat is forced to separate meat from bones when suitable pressure is exerted on the meat and bone combination. Pressure is exerted on the contents of the pressure chamber of the first stage of the apparatus by a hydraulically activated pressure piston slidably mounted within the pressure chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing coal to prevent the creation of extreme fines and to extract pyrites from the principal coal fractions in which there are two air circulating circuits having processing components which cooperate in their respective circuits to result initially in substantial extraction of fines in the first circuit while releasing principal granulated coal fractions and pyrites to the second circuit where specific gravity separation of the pyrites and principal coal fractions occur. The apparatus includes a source of drying heat added to the air moving in the circuits and delivered at the places where surface moisture drying is most effective. Furthermore, the apparatus is operated so as to reduce coal to a desired size without creating an excessive volume of extreme fines, to separate pyrites and hard to grind components by specific gravity in a region where fines are not present, and to use the extreme fines as a source of fuel to generate drying heat.

Abstract: A reclaiming method and apparatus for reclaiming aluminum from the skim recovered from an aluminum furnace by a highly mechanized method and apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and apparatus for dry grinding a granular material in a grinding tube mill (1) having a final grinding compartment (2) and one or more preceding grinding compartments (3) containing grinding bodies. The material, after having passed through the preceding compartment or compartments (3), is discharged through openings (6) in the mill (1) and is divided into a fine and a coarse fraction in a separator (9). The coarse fraction is returned to the preceding compartment or compartments (3), and the fine fraction is fed to the final compartment (2). The ground material is discharged by flowing over a dam ring (12) from the final compartment (2). Any grinding bodies carried with the overflow are separated by a sieving diaphragm (13) from the material and returned to the final compartment (2). The invention also relates to the granular material ground according to the method of the invention.

Abstract: Disk screens having various interface opening dimensions are combined with air classifiers and other refuse separating components to separate municipal and industrial refuse into a fuel fraction and other recyclable resource fractions, each having a low percentage of unwanted materials therein.

Abstract: A rolling mill for milling cereals or the like, comprises three roll units, each including two rolls and bearings mounting the rolls for rotation about parallel axes, a housing provided with three outwardly open receiving portions for frontal insertion of the roll units and for supporting the latter after insertion. The receiving portions are vertically spaced from each other with two receiving portions having open ends at one side of the housing and a third of the receiving portions, located between the other two, having an open end at the opposite side of the housing. The rolling mill includes further treating devices in the housing between successive roll units and such treating devices may be constituted by swinging sieves.

Abstract: Apparatus for making fiber insulation from paper comprises a preshredder having a semi-cylindrical perforate basket with a passageway behind it. An air inlet extends behind the basket into the passageway and an air outlet is located at the front of the passageway. A flail rotatably mounted coaxial in the basket is driven by a motor for shredding paper deposited from a conveyor into the basket. A blower, connected to the preshredder, passes the paper segments to a surge bin where the air and paper segments are separated. The separated paper segments accumulate in the surge bin and are withdrawn from it at a constant predetermined rate by a conveyor and deposited into a duct which interconnects the surge bin and a finishing mill. The air then enters this duct to continue transporting the paper. A dry chemical dispensing device disperses flame retardant material into the duct. The finishing mill includes a large centrifugal fan rotatably mounted in a cylindrical cavity and driven by a motor.

Abstract: Metal beads, e.g., magnesium beads, or Mg alloy beads, having a high degree of rotundity, and having a thin coating of sludge or slag ingredients, are recovered from entrapment in a friable contiguous material of sludge or slag material by (a) a primary milling of the friable matrix in a hammer mill or impact mill, (b) screening the material to collect the desired particle sizes, (c) attriting the material in a secondary milling operation to further, and gently, grind sludge material from around the beads, and (d) separating the rotund beads from the pulverized matrix material by using a shape-classifier, such as a slanted shaker table. The material may be treated beforehand by melting the metal-containing sludge or slag, adding a flux or emulsifier material with stirring to cause dispersion of the metal into a relatively narrow particle size range and then freezing the molten mixture. The invention is especially useful in the case of Mg beads, since Mg beads are malleable and pyrophoric.

Abstract: Wooden packing and handling units containing pieces of ferromagnetic metal, such as nails and staples, are reduced so that the metal pieces embedded in the constituent wooden portions are detached, the pieces of metal are extracted from the reduced wooden portions, preferably magnetically, and the reduced wooden portions disencumbered of the metal pieces are subjected to granulometric sorting, i.e., sorting by size. The method is carried out using a percussion crushing station, a magnetic extraction station, and a granulometric double-cut screening station.

Abstract: Moist municipal waste is subjected to a preliminary comminuting action to reduce the size of solid constituents to less than 100 mm, and the larger heavy particles are thereupon segregated from lighter particles which include relatively small fibrous particles and relatively large additional lighter particles. The additional lighter particles are segregated from the relatively small fibrous particles and are subjected to a severing action to reduce their size to a size not exceeding that of the lighter fibrous particles. The fibrous particles are thereupon mixed with severed additional particles, and the mixture is dried and ozonized prior to classification into larger, medium-sized and smaller fractions. At least the larger fractions are used for the manufacture of shaped articles.

Abstract: Process for recovery of glass from municipal waste, comprising shredding the waste, subjecting the shredded waste containing the glass to treatment in an air classifier, recovering the overhead including glass from the air classifier, the latter being operated under conditions such that the major portion of the glass particles contained in such overhead are of a fineness smaller than about 6 mesh, and usually of a size such that a substantial portion of such glass particles are less than about 20 mesh, screening such overhead fraction and recovering an enriched glass fraction of the aforementioned fineness, subjecting the screened glass-enriched material to treatment on an air table, and recovering a fine glass product of substantially reduced organic content, and having a particle size less than about 6 mesh, with a substantial portion less than about 20 mesh.

Abstract: An hydraulic mining apparatus and method wherein the mined aggregate is separated into dry, relatively large aggregate pieces for dry conveyance and wet, relatively small aggregate pieces for wet conveyance. In the preferred embodiment, the method and apparatus provides for reducing any oversized large aggregate pieces in size so that the large pieces do not exceed a predetermined maximum size. Size reduction is provided by a mechanical breaker and wet, relatively small aggregate is separated out of the mined product prior to the breaking step. The apparatus is embodied in a feeder-breaker mechanism wherein a conveyor running lengthwise of the mechanism first subjects the total mined product to size separation or classification, then directs the larger aggregate pieces through the breaker and, finally, discharges the breaker treated pieces to a dry conveyor. The separated wet, relatively small aggregate pieces are collected within the mechanism and pumped away.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and apparatus for processing shelled corn cobs. The cobs are graded, aspirated, and crushed for reducing the length of the cobs to between 1/2 inch and 3 inches. A second aspirator removes any remaining husks and hammer mills reduce the corn cobs into 3/8 inch to 1/2 inch pieces. The pieces are graded and oversized pieces are returned to a hammer mill while the remaining pieces are dried in a drier to reduce their moisture content. After grading, a portion of the pieces are sent through an attrition mill to further reduce the size of the pieces. After aspirating, the pieces are processed through roller mills to further reduce the size of the pieces and then passed through an attrition mill and graded into final product sizes.

Abstract: A pulper for reclaiming cellulosic fiber from scrap paper includes a high-speed pressure-wave-generator impeller with individually hinged arms and a movable foraminous filter in the form of a wire screen that is flexibly mounted. A plurality of impellers and filters are used in a multistage pulper. The pulping energy is directed through the movable filter to isolate the energy source from contact with the fibers. In multistage fibering, filtering is performed between each stage and with successively finer filtering.

Abstract: Heterogeneous municipal solid waste is pneumatically separated in a first stage into relatively heavy incombustible and lighter weight combustible fractions. The first stage light combustible fraction is further pneumatically separated in a second stage into heavier grade fuel and lighter grade fuel fractions. In a third stage still further separation may be effected of the second stage lighter grade fraction into a heavier fraction suitable for other uses such as in the manufacture of certain building materials and a lightest fraction most suitable for air suspension boiler or kiln firing. Primary shredding of all of the solid waste to be pneumatically separated, and final reshredding of the fuel grade materials are provided for to attain maximum combustion efficiency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for hydraulic mining wherein the mined product is reduced to a pumpable form. The apparatus includes a jet monitor for dislodging the mined product from its in situ state, a feeder-breaker for receiving the mined product, preliminarily separating the pumpable constituent of the product and then subjecting the remaining product to successive breaking and separating steps until the entire product is in a pumpable state. The feeder-breaker is also provided with a sump to collect the pumpable product and pump means to convey the product from the sump under pressure, whereby transport of the product is not dependent on gravity. In the preferred embodiment, the feeder-breaker is provided with a secondary jet monitor to reduce oversized constituents of the mined product to a size suited for the successive separating and breaking steps.

Abstract: A method for separating fractions of incinerated refuse with a high recuperation yield without requiring special equipment. A first portion of the separation process may be applied to either an initially dry or an initially wet refuse. The refuse is at first screened to a median size. The oversized fraction is crushed and shredded and the non-magnetic fraction separated therefrom is sent commonly to a grinding-rolling mill which also receives the undersize fraction. The undersize fraction downstream of the grinding mill is further treated by a wet separating process, the method achieving separation of ferrous and nonferrous metals, of glasses and silicates, and of magnetic slags.

Abstract: Structure is provided for successively decompacting waste, such as garbage and trash, at a metered rate, weighing the decompacted waste at a metered rate and separating the heavier portions of the waste from the remainder thereof, coarse shredding the remaining waste at a metered rate and in a manner to gradually reduce the remaining waste to increasingly smaller shredded material, fine shredding the shredded material at a metered rate, acting upon the fine shredded material at a metered rate to break up and pulverize the pieces of glass therein, subjecting the waste to a wash bath while agitating the waste with jets of air and collecting the particles of glass which are dislodged from the waste in the bath by the action of the air jets, drying the remaining waste and thereafter separating ferrous materials from the remaining waste through the utilization of magnetic lines of flux and subsequently separating particles of aluminum from the remaining waste.

Abstract: Method of producing cement or other material of given fineness and granular structure includes delivering material ground in individual chambers of a tube mill having two adjacent grinding chambers, delivering the ground material from each of the chambers to coarse-grain separator means associated with the chambers, separating a fines-free coarse-grain component in the coarse-grain separator means and returning the coarse-grain component to one of the adjacent chambers, feeding the fines component of the coarse-grain separator means to a fine-grain separator, separating a fine-grain component from a coarse-grain component in the fine-grain separator, withdrawing the fine-grain component from the fine-grain separator as end product, and returning the coarse-grain component of the fine-grain separator to the coarse-grain separator means; and plant for carrying out the foregoing method.

Abstract: A device for recovering salvagable components from a mixture of compacted solid waste, especially municipal waste, which includes ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, fibrous organic and inorganic materials. In this installation the solid waste, preferably after first breaking it up, is fed to a magnet assembly for dividing the components into ferrous metals and non-ferrous materials including ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals and organic or inorganic materials. The ferrous metals and the non-ferrous materials containing ferrous metals are then subjected to fragmentation after separating ferrous metals parts from non-ferrous materials. The resulting fragments are separated into ferrous metals and non-ferrous materials and separately conveyed to collection stations. Similarly, the non-ferrous metals and the organic or inorganic materials are first fragmented, then separated from each other and finally separately conveyed to collecting stations.

Abstract: A system for producing cracker meal by reclaiming baked products such as crackers and cookies from broken and rejected packages. The packages are shredded to break up the product and reduce the packaging material to strips so as to release most of the product from the confinement of the package. The strips of packaging material which are free of product are separated by aspiration from the product prices and the package portions, such as corners, still containing product pieces. The product pieces and remaining wrapper sections are passed through a mill which reduces the product pieces to a fine meal without cutting the wrapper pieces. The cracker meal is separated from these wrapper pieces by means of a shaker screen.