Abstract: A variable cycle propulsion system for a supersonic airplane comprises at least one engine capable of generating thrust for flight at supersonic speeds together with at least one auxiliary propulsion assembly that is separate from the engine and that is capable of generating additional thrust for takeoff, landing, and flight at subsonic speeds. The auxiliary propulsion assembly does not have a gas generator and means are provided for transmitting a fraction of the mechanical power produced by the engine to the auxiliary propulsion assembly in order to enable it to generate the additional thrust for takeoff, landing, and subsonic cruising flight. Means are provided for decoupling the mechanical transmission means for supersonic cruising flight.

Abstract: To obtain an augmented lift coefficient for a given airfoil set at a maximum angle of attack (&agr;), in a steady state airflow system, a shrouded motorized propeller is installed normal to its upper side, creating additional airflow. An outlet for the additional airflow is provided including a horizontal motorized propeller placed at the trailing edge of the airfoil. The motorized propeller converts the additional air flow into a down-wash generating additional lift. Neither the first nor the second installation alone will produce the augmented lift efficiently. Therefore, the combination of the first and the second installation is needed. The propeller-wing arrangement is implement in the airfoils.

Abstract: A transmission system for a hybrid aircraft is driven by a plurality of driveshafts and drives a translational propulsion system. Each driveshaft is mounted to a pinion gear which mesh with an upper and lower counter-rotating gear. The upper and lower counter-rotating gears drive a respective upper and lower rotor shaft which powers a counter-rotating rotor system. A first angle is defined between a first and a second driveshaft while a second angle is defined between the second and a third driveshaft. The angle between the driveshafts are a whole number multiple of the formula: &thgr;=(CP/R)*(180/&pgr;). By so angularly locating the driveshafts, proper meshing of the pinion gears and the upper and lower counter-rotating gears is assured and tolerances are less stringent as the support structure is effective designed around optimal location of the driveshafts for gear meshing rather than vice versa.

Abstract: A VTOL aircraft having a fuselage, a first wing extending from one side of the fuselage, a second wing extending from an opposite side of the fuselage, a first thruster supported on the first wing, a second thruster supported on the second wing and a propulsion system connected to the fuselage. The first thruster serves to direct a thrust of air at an angle toward an area directly below the fuselage. The second thruster is angularly directed so as to direct the thrust of air at an angle toward the area directly below the fuselage. The propulsion system serves to propel the fuselage through the air. Each of the thrusters is a jet engine. Each of the thrusters can be angularly moveable between a vertical position and an acute angle with respect to a plane of the wings.

Abstract: An apparatus that includes a rotor blade assembly capable of generating vertical lift, one or more propulsion units capable of engaging and disengaging from the rotor blade assembly, an encapsulating housing, and where the encapsulating housing is capable of containing the rotor blade assembly.

Abstract: A cooling system for a hybrid aircraft includes an inlet which extends through the body to communicate airflow to a powerplant subsystem and out through an exhaust within a rotor duct. In a hover mode, there is a significant low-pressure area created inside the rotor duct by the rotor system. The low-pressure area within the rotor duct assists in drawing air through the inlet and over the engine via the exhaust. A cooling fan is located adjacent the inlet to augment cooling-air flow. The cooling fan is smaller than conventional practice because it does not have to provide the entire pressure difference to force air-cooling flow over the engine. In a transition mode, the low-pressure area created inside the rotor duct decreases but ram air pressure through the inlet increases. In a forward flight mode, the pressure inside the rotor duct is approximately atmospheric but significant ram air is provided from the inlet due to forward flight speed.

Abstract: A VTOL aircraft (or other vehicle such as a sea vehicle) includes a pair of elongated ducts on opposite sides of the vehicle body, and a plurality of powered propellers (or other propulsion units such as jet engines) mounted within and enclosed by each of the elongated ducts, such as to produce an upward lift force to the vehicle. Each of the elongated ducts has a short transverse dimension slightly larger than the diameter of the blades of each propeller enclosed thereby, and a large transverse dimension slightly larger than the sum of the diameters of the blades of all the propellers enclosed thereby.

Abstract: An aircraft is provided having a fuselage and a pair of main wings. Each main wing includes a lift fan segment, a generally circular duct defined within the lift fan segment and a fan mounted within the duct. A tip extender is coupled with the tip of at least one of the fan blades and contacts the duct sidewall so that flow leakage of air between the tip of the fan and duct sidewall is reduced and the thrust efficiency increased. In another aspect of the invention, an elongated duct extender is coupled with the wings of the aircraft. When extended, the effective depth of the duct is increased to improve thrust efficiency. In another aspect of the invention, a number of outlet control vanes are located over the outlet of the duct. The outlet control vanes located near the center of the duct are operable independently of the remainder of the outlet control vanes to limit airflow through the center of the duct and prevent the inducement of a vortex ring state.

Abstract: A personal aircraft (PAC) capable of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) comprises a fixed wing and a fuselage with a passenger compartment having a front, a rear and two sides, and a plurality of independently powered thrusters, preferably integrated into the wing, on each side of the fuselage. The aircraft has a lift to drag ratio equal to or greater than 2. The thrusters, which are ducted fan units capable of providing a vertically upward force to the aircraft, are provided with such redundancy that the aircraft can hover with at one thruster inoperative on each side of the fuselage. At least one thruster on each side of the fuselage preferably comprises a “levitator” which creates lift from the airfoil-like air inlet as well as from the acceleration of air from inlet to outlet.

Abstract: A personal aircraft (PAC) capable of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) comprises a passenger compartment having a front, a rear and two sides, and a plurality of independently powered thrusters attached to the outer periphery of the compartment. At least three thrusters are disposed on each side of the compartment. The thrusters, which are preferably ducted fan units, are capable of providing a vertically upward force to the compartment.

Abstract: A personal aircraft (PAC) capable of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) comprises a passenger compartment having a front, a rear and two sides, and a plurality of independently powered thrusters attached to the outer periphery of the compartment. At least two thrusters are disposed on each side of the compartment. The thrusters, which are preferably ducted fan units, are capable of providing a vertically upward force to the compartment. The thrusters preferably comprise a “Levitator” which creates lift from the airfoil-like air inlet as well as from the acceleration of air from inlet to outlet.

Abstract: An aircraft 1 comprising interchangeable wings 5 detachedly connected to a fuselage 3, each wing 5 containing the fuel and flight systems 13, 15 for engines 7 mounted to the wings 5, so that the fuselage 3 need contain no flight systems, simply a “bus” 23 for communication and the transfer of data between the wings.

Abstract: An aircraft including an airframe having a fuselage which extends longitudinally, and having fixed wings including a main wing, a horizontal tail wing and a vertical tail wing. A propeller-rotor torque transmission has a bevel gear which transmits the rotation of an input shaft simultaneously to a propeller shaft and to a rotor shaft. An engine gearbox supplies the above-mentioned input shaft with rotationalal motive power. The aircraft further includes a propeller collective pitch controller, a rotor collective pitch controller, an engine power controller which controls the output of the above-mentioned engine gearbox for the purpose of changing the rotational speed of the input shaft, and a flight control system having a directional (yaw) control system which controls the flight direction of the aircraft by controlling the positions of the above-mentioned control surfaces.

Abstract: A vehicle, particularly a VTOL air vehicle, includes a duct carried by the vehicle frame with the longitudinal axis of the duct perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle frame; a propeller rotatably mounted within the duct about the longitudinal axis of the duct to force an ambient fluid, e.g. air, therethrough from its inlet at the upper end of the duct through its exit at the lower end of the duct, and thereby to produce an upward lift force applied to the vehicle; and a plurality of parallel, spaced vanes pivotally mounted to and across the inlet end of the duct about pivotal axes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the duct and substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle frame. The vanes are selectively pivotal to produce a desired horizontal force component to the lift force applied to the vehicle. Various vane arrangements are disclosed for producing side, roll, pitch and yaw movements of the vehicle.

Abstract: This is an advanced simplified system for avoiding light aircraft crashes, using rate-of-turn sensors, solenoid-operated air valves and electrical circuits with relays. The sensors and air valves provide the needed corrections to an aircraft's pitch and roll angles to prevent it from going out of control. When needed, all valves blast out high velocity air to provide lift, thus preventing the aircraft from crashing upon landing. The system does not require air compressors and air tanks. In this simplified system, the inlets of the valves receive high velocity air from the aircraft's flight motion through the atmosphere. The more air valves installed on the wings of the aircraft the more lift produced. This system can continue to provide the needed lift and altitude corrections while the aircraft is in flight, the faster the flight, the greater the system's ability to make corrections, when needed, to avoid an aircraft crash.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for the transformation of a traditional self-sustained horizontal take-off and landing aircraft into hybrid, integrated, self-sustained vertical take-off and landing and horizontal flight comprising, besides the propulsion system already provided in the aircraft, a hydraulic propulsion system, activating at least a blade rotor (1), to be used during the vertical take-off and landing and transition phases, said hydraulic system being powered by the engines of the aircraft, and at least an auxiliary engine (2), provided in a rear position and/or under the aircraft, said at least an auxiliary engine being progressively tiltable and swingable between two limit positions, respectively vertical position and horizontal position, said standard propulsion means of the aircraft being deactivated during the vertical take-off and landing and the transition and activated during the self-sustained horizontal flight, and said at least an auxiliary engine and said at least one auxili

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle that includes a fuselage with a partial toroidal forward portion, and an aft portion. A duct is formed through the fuselage and extends from the top to the bottom of the fuselage. Two counter-rotating rotor assemblies are mounted within the duct for providing downward thrust through the duct. The rotor assemblies are supported by a plurality of support struts. At least one engine is mounted within the fuselage and engages with the rotor assemblies. A pusher prop assembly is mounted to the aft portion of the fuselage. The pusher prop assembly is designed to provide forward thrust along the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. The pusher prop assembly includes a drive shaft that is engaged with the engine. A plurality of propellers are attached to and rotated by the drive shaft. A shroud is mounted to the aft portion of the fuselage around the propellers and is operative for channeling the air passing through the propellers in a substantially aft direction.

Abstract: A short take-off and vertical landing (“STOVL”) aircraft has a conventional gas turbine engine that is selectively mechanically connected to a vertically-oriented lift fan by a drive shaft when the aircraft operates in a vertical flight mode. An engine control provides for rapid response thrust control of the lift fan and low rotor spool when the pilot initiates desired changes in thrust. The control achieves the rapid thrust response by varying the inlet guide vanes of the lift fan, together with selective fuel flow scheduling. These variations result in a substantially constant low rotor speed, which facilitates the desired rapid thrust response and corresponding aircraft control.

Abstract: A short take-off and vertical landing (“STOVL”) aircraft has a conventional gas turbine engine that is selectively mechanically connected to a vertically-oriented lift fan by a drive shaft when the aircraft operates in a vertical flight mode. An engine control provides for rapid response attitude control of the aircraft when the pilot initiates desired changes in the attitude (i.e., pitch, roll and/or yaw) of the aircraft. The control achieves the rapid response by varying both the inlet guide vanes of the lift fan and the area of the engine nozzle. These variations result in a substantially constant low rotor speed, which facilitates the desired rapid attitude response and corresponding aircraft control.

Abstract: A method for reducing a nose-up pitching moment in an unmanned aerial vehicle during forward flight. The unmanned aerial vehicle includes counter-rotating rotor assemblies that are mounted within a duct. Each rotor assembly includes a plurality of rotor blades. The method involves adjusting the rotor blades to have substantially zero pitch. Then rotating the rotor assemblies to produce a virtual plane across the duct. The virtual plane is operative for substantially deflecting air passing over the fuselage away from the duct. In one embodiment of the invention, the method involves the further step of obstructing at least a portion of the bottom of the duct to inhibit air that is flowing across the bottom of the duct from passing into the duct.