Abstract: An aircraft has a fuselage, a wing assembly, and a pair of struts. The wing assembly has a center wing structure and a pair of outer wing structures. The center wing structure is coupled to the fuselage at a wing-fuselage joint, and has a pair of engine mounting locations respectively on opposite sides of a wing centerline. Each of the struts is coupled to the fuselage at a strut-fuselage joint, and to one of the outer wing structures at a strut-wing joint. Each strut-fuselage joint is located below and aft of the wing-fuselage joint. Each outer wing structure is coupled to the center wing structure at a mid-wing joint located no further inboard than the engine mounting location, and no further outboard than the strut-wing joint.

Abstract: An aircraft (1) having a wing (3) and a wing tip device (4) at the tip of the wing (3), the wing tip device (4) having front and rear spars (14, 13), wherein the wing tip device (4) has a cross-brace spar (18) that links the front and rear spars and is oriented such that it is oblique to the front and rear spars (14, 13).

Abstract: An apparatus and its method of use provide a preload to the assembly of large structures, for example the assembly of an aircraft wing panel to an aircraft wing frame. The apparatus and its method of use preloads the aircraft wing panel of the aircraft wing structure and presses the aircraft wing panel against the aircraft wing frame of the aircraft wing structure, temporarily securing the aircraft wing panel against the aircraft wing frame and indexing the aircraft wing panel to the aircraft wing frame for the installation of permanent fasteners securing the aircraft wing panel to the aircraft wing frame.

Abstract: A wing assembly for an aircraft includes a torque box sleeve having an open end and a plurality of integral sides including leading, aft, top and bottom sides that jointlessly form a continuous surface having a generally airfoil shape. The wing assembly includes an internal support subassembly having a plurality of ribs coupled to a central spar. The internal support subassembly is formed into a single component outside the torque box sleeve and inserted into the open end of the torque box sleeve as the single component. The internal support subassembly is coupled to an interior of the torque box sleeve.

Abstract: A method of forming a laminated metallic structure including (1) nesting metallic preformed components to form a preform, each one of the components includes first and second side portions, wherein a portion of the second side portion is substantially perpendicular to a portion of the first side portion, and a third side portion, wherein at least a portion of the third side portion is substantially perpendicular to at least a portion of the first and second side portions, the third side portion is discontinuous with the first side portion, and adjacent edges of the first and third side portions are parallel, and the components are nested so that the adjacent edges of the first and third side portions are substantially perpendicular to the adjacent edges of the first and third side portions of another one of the components; and (2) bonding the components together.

Abstract: A box structural arrangement (1) for an aircraft including first (2) and second composite layers (3), at least one spar web (4) extended between opposite edges of the first and second composite layers (2, 3) along a longitudinal direction, and a conduit piece (5) extended between opposite edges of the first and second composite layers (2, 3). The conduit piece (5) has a hollow section (6) comprising at least one conduit (7) dimensioned to receive pipes or harnesses and surrounded by a resilient material (8). The conduit piece (5) is mounted on the spar web (4) to provide a channeled box structural arrangement (1). The box structural arrangement can be applicable in a torsion box or a wing. The invention further refers to a method for manufacturing the box structural arrangement for an aircraft.

Abstract: A composite structure (1) for an aircraft, having at least one insert (2) for receiving attachment devices, each insert (2) includes a core (3) having a major dimension and containing at least one through-hole (4), and a composite strip arrangement formed by a first section (5) surrounding the core (3) and attached to said core (3) by an adhesive polymeric layer, and a second section (6) including at least one free end (6a). The first (5) and the second portion (6) of the composite strip arrangement are disposed over a first surface (1a) of the composite structure (1), such that the major dimension of the core (3) is positioned transversal to said first surface (1 a). The at least one insert (2) is co-cured with the composite structure (1).

Abstract: A vehicle body may have a skeleton formed by a plurality of overlapping layers bonded to each other. Each of the plurality of overlapping layers may be fabricated from a continuous fiber coated with a matrix material. A trajectory of the continuous fiber may be different between adjacent layers of the plurality of overlapping layers.

Abstract: A method of assembling a wing tip device to a wing of a powered aircraft including: providing a wing tip, providing a wing tip device, pivotably attaching the wing tip device to the wing at a first position, pivoting the wing tip device about the first position, and attaching the wing tip device to the wing at a second position spaced from the first position.

Abstract: A wind turbine blade is described having a de-icing system which is arranged to heat at least a portion of the leading edge of the wind turbine blade, to prevent the formation of ice on the blade, or to remove any existing surface ice. The de-icing system comprises insulated flow channels which are arranged to circulate a heated fluid from a heating element to the tip end of the blade, and to de-ice the blade leading edge starting from the tip end towards the root end of the blade. The de-icing system is arranged to operate in the outboard portion of the blade, where the de-icing effect provides the most benefits to turbine operation. Further features of the de-icing system include an improved mounting arrangement of the de-icing system, an improved tip end configuration of the de-icing system, and providing portions of the de-icing system as double-walled inflatable insulating tubes.

Abstract: A sandwich structure includes a first skin and a second skin spaced apart from each other and interconnected by a hinge assembly including a first hinge member and a second hinge member. The first hinge member proximal end is coupled to the first skin. The second hinge member proximal end is coupled to the second skin. The first hinge member distal end is coupled to the second member distal end at a member joint. The hinge assembly: prevents movement of the first skin relative to the second skin in an in-plane longitudinal direction of the first skin, allows movement of the first skin relative to the second skin in an in-plane transverse direction of the first skin, and allows movement of the first skin relative to the second skin in an out-of-plane direction that is normal to the in-plane longitudinal direction and the in-plane transverse direction.

Abstract: A wing tip device for attachment to a wing tip of a powered aircraft including: a first mounting formation, a second mounting formation spaced apart in a spanwise direction relative to the first mounting formation, a third mounting formation spaced apart in a chordwise direction relative to the first and second mounting formations, wherein each of the first, second and third mounting formations are configured for attachment to at least one of a wing spar and a wing rib, and, at least one of the mounting formations is configured to permit movement of a portion of the wing tip device in the spanwise direction relative to a portion of the wing tip.

Abstract: A rib structure for use in an aircraft is provided. The rib structure includes a web portion, a plurality of hat stiffener portions coupled to the web portion, and at least one chord portion coupled to the web portion. The plurality of hat stiffener portions extend substantially parallel, and the at least one chord portion extends substantially perpendicularly relative to the plurality of hat stiffener portions. Moreover, the web portion, the plurality of hat stiffener portions, and the at least one chord portion are fabricated from composite material, and include features such that the rib structure has a buckling ratio of at least about 4.

Abstract: An aircraft comprises a fuselage, a wing assembly, and a pinned fuselage-to-wing connection including a forward pin joint, an aft pin joint, and intermediate pin joints between the forward and aft pin joints. The intermediate pin joints have pins aligned in an axial direction and are configured to slide along the axial direction without transferring axial loads from the wing assembly to the fuselage. At least one of the forward and aft pin joints is constrained to prevent translation along the axial direction.

Abstract: A winglet (114) is attached to a wing tip (112) by a main beam (132) which extends into the wing tip (112) and is attached to the rear spar (118). A canted spar (134) also extends to be attached proximate the forward spar (116).

Abstract: An airframe panel for aircraft having stringers and ribs which enables reduction of the workload of the shimming operation includes a plurality of stringers provided on the inner surface of a lower skin along the spanwise direction of a wing, and a plurality of ribs provided along the chordwise direction of the wing. In a part of the panel in which a rib is provided, a flat support surface connects the two adjacent stringers. In another part of the panel in which no rib is provided, a stepped surface connects the two adjacent stringers where the stepped surface includes a thin-walled groove, and thick-walled bases to be connected to the stringers located at both sides of the groove.

Abstract: A frame element (10; 10?) for use in an aircraft component assembly system (46) is attachable to an aircraft structure (36) and comprises at least one fastening device for fastening at least one aircraft interior component (34) or at least one insulation pack (52) to the frame element (10; 10?). An aircraft component assembly system (46) comprises a plurality of such frame elements (10; 10?). In a method of fitting a component (34, 52) in an aircraft, a frame element (10; 10?) is provided. At least one interior component (34) or at least one insulation pack (52) is fastened to the frame element (10; 10?). Then the frame element (10; 10?) having the at least one interior component (34) or the at least one insulation pack (52) fastened thereto is attached to an aircraft structure (36).

Abstract: A rotor blade (10) of a wind power plant having a first and a second duct (16, 17) running inside the rotor blade (10) for conducting an air flow (21, 22) is provided. A method for de-icing a rotor blade (10) of a wind power plant is also provided. The rotor blade has a partition device (15) which separates the ducts (16, 17) from one another, such that the first duct (16) is arranged on a first side of the partition device (15) at the pressure side (26) of the rotor blade (10), and the second duct (17) is arranged on a second side of the partition device (15) at the suction side (25) of the rotor blade (10). In the method, the flow speed of the air flow provided in the first and second duct (16, 17) is predefined at least in portions of the rotor blade (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a mounting device in an aircraft. In one aspect of the invention, a method is disclosed for assembling a metal securement member of the mounting device. In another aspect of the invention, a mounting device is disclosed. In another aspect of the invention, a method is disclosed for installing and using a mounting device in an aircraft.

Abstract: An airfoil is fabricated by assembling cured skins with spars having cured spar webs and uncured spar chords. The skins are bonded to the spars by curing the spar chords.

Abstract: Disclosed is to a composite material, a structural element comprised of the composite material, an airplane wing spar and their methods of production. Some embodiments of the present invention include composite materials comprised of multiple layers of arrays of metallic bodies separated by layers of non-metallic material, wherein the orientation of metallic bodies in some metallic layers is structurally complementing to the orientation of metallic layers in adjacent metallic layers. Other embodiments of the present invention include structural elements, such as an airplane wing spar, comprised of the composite material.

Abstract: A composite material elongate structural member, such as a spar or stringer, for use in an aerospace structure, comprises a web having an angled portion, for example in the form of a chamfer, curved surface or the like, which joins a foot of the member to the rest of the web. A first surface on the foot is shaped to abut a structure to be stiffened. The foot also has a second surface opposite the first surface. The web has a third surface and a fourth surface at the same layer in the composite material as the first and third surfaces, respectively. On/in the interposed portion there is a fifth surface which joins the first and third surfaces. The geometry of the member may vary along its length (L) so that with increasing distance, the first surface is displaced towards the second surface as the width of the fifth surface decreases.

Abstract: A multi layer composite L-shaped stringer for use in an aerospace structure comprises a foot and a web extending from an edge of the foot. A first surface on the foot is shaped to abut a structure to be stiffened. The foot also has a second surface opposite the first surface. The web has a third surface and a fourth surface at the same layer in the composite material as the first and third surfaces, respectively. The geometry of the stringer may vary along its length (L) so that as the first surface is displaced towards the second surface, the fourth surface is displaced towards the third surface. The developed width (DW) from the distal edge of the foot to the distal edge of the web of the stringer may be substantially constant for all cross-sections along a length of the stringer.

Abstract: A composite material elongate structural member, such as a spar, for use in an aerospace structure, comprises a web disposed between upper and lower flanges. The web may include a clockwise twist about an axis parallel to the length L at a first portion towards the wing-root-end of the spar and a counter-twist in the anticlockwise direction at a second portion towards the wing-tip-end of the spar. The geometry of the spar may vary non-linearly along its length (L) so that the developed width of the spar as measured from a distal edge of the upper flange via the web to a distal edge of the lower flange varies linearly with increasing distance along the length (L). The risk of causing, during fabrication of the spar, undesirable creasing, stressing or stretching of composite material layers in a region in which the geometry of the member varies non-linearly may be reduced by means of such an arrangement.

Abstract: An aircraft wing has hinged ribs, and a skin covering the ribs. The ribs each include plural rib sections, array from the leading edge of the wing, to the trailing edge of the wing, and a lock to hold the rib sections together in a deployed state or condition. The wings are initially in a stowed state, with the ribs and the rib sections having a curved chord, and deploy to the deployed state, in which the ribs have a straightened chord that defines an airfoil state. The wing may have foam material between the ribs to allow the wings to expand in the wingspan direction, for instance after the ribs have been placed in the deployed state.

Abstract: Joining arrangement for the lateral boxes (11, 11?) of a horizontal tail stabilizer with a central tubular box and manufacturing method for said box. The boxes (11, 11?) are joined using an intermediate joining part (31) that comprises a central box (33, 63, 73), upper (35, 35?) and lower (37, 37?) lateral flaps, fitting plates (A) for the trimming device and fitting plates (B) for the pivoting device, the join being made with rivets between the skins (15, 15?; 17, 17?) of the lateral boxes (11, 11?) and said flaps (35; 35?; 37; 37?). The method for manufacturing the intermediate joining part (31) comprises steps to: a) Provide preforms suitable for forming said part (31); b) Form and cure the part (31) made from said preforms using an RTM method.

Abstract: A wing includes a spar, and a pair of flexible skins that are attached to the spar. The spar is at the leading edge of the wing, and the skins extend toward the trailing edge of the wing. The wing deploys from a stowed condition, in which the skins are curved in the same direction around a fuselage of an aircraft, to a deployed condition, in which the skins provide the wing with an airfoil cross-sectional shape, for example with the skins curve in opposite direction. A lock is used to maintain the skins in the deployed state, with the lock for example located at the trailing edge of the wing. The lock may be a mechanical mechanism that automatically locks the wing in the deployed state, preventing the wing from returning to the stowed state.

Abstract: A composite structural member with fiber reinforcement comprising a plurality of layers oriented relative to a longitudinal direction of said member in directions including 0°, 90° and +/??, the relative proportion of layers in one of these orientations being variable along a transverse direction of said member so as to spatially adjust the rigidity of the member according to a defined distribution of mechanical stresses along this transverse axis. The rigidity of the member is adapted locally to the stress system so as to dissipate the force flux over the entire volume of said member.

Abstract: Embodiments of reinforced composite structures for aircrafts and methods for making such reinforced composite structures are provided herein. A reinforced composite structure for an aircraft comprises a fiber reinforced composite stringer. The fiber reinforced composite stringer comprises a beam body portion and a runout portion that extends from the beam body portion in a first direction. The beam body and runout portions are defined by projection of a variable I-shaped cross-section in the first direction along at least a portion of an entire combined length of the beam body and runout portions. The variable I-shaped cross-section has a cap section, a foot section, and a web section that extends between the cap and foot sections. The variable I-shaped cross-section is configured such that a height of the web section tapers in the first direction along at least a portion of an entire length of the runout portion.

Abstract: A leading edge element, a method for manufacturing one, and an aircraft wing and stabilizer furnished with the leading edge element. The leading edge element is an elongate piece that comprises a skin plate and at least one longitudinal stiffener. The shape of the front edge of the skin plate is closed and the tail edge is open. The stiffener is fastened between the inner surfaces of the skin plate. Between the inner surface of the skin plate of the outermost longitudinal stiffener, there is a longitudinal space free of transverse stiffeners.

Abstract: A rib bay platform for use in an aircraft rib bay, is adjustable in length (for example it comprises two telescopically mounted sections. The platform comprises a first end configured for mounting on a stringer of the rib bay (for example by an interference fit), and a second end configured for mounting on another stringer of the rib bay (for example on feet mounted on ball-and-socket joints). A method of operating in an aircraft rib bay comprises the steps of providing a rib bay platform of adjustable length; adjusting the length of the platform; mounting the platform between the two stringers; whereby a person may then operate inside the aircraft rib bay while being supported on the platform.

Abstract: A shape-changing structural member has a shape-changing material, such as a suitable foam material, for example a polymer foam capable of withstanding at least 300% strain or a metal alloy foam capable of withstanding at least 5% strain. Springs, such as one or more coil springs, provide structural support for the shape-changing material. The springs may also be used to provide forces to expand and contract the shape change material. The springs may include pairs of concentric springs, one inside of another. The concentric springs may surround an underlying skeleton structure that supports the shape-changing material and/or aids in changing the shape of the material. The concentric springs may or may not be wrapped around the underlying skeleton structure. Multiple springs or pairs of springs may be coupled together using a sheet metal connector.

Abstract: Rib structure for a torsion box of an aircraft wing or a horizontal stabilizer. The structure comprises a center element which extends between the front spar and the rear spar of the torsion box, a series of vertical stiffening elements arranged between an upper skin and a lower skin of the torsion box. The vertical stiffening element consists of a first lateral wing which extends in the direction of said front spar and a second lateral wing which extends in the direction of said rear spar. These lateral extensions emerge from respective opposite sides of the vertical body and are attached side to side to the center element of the rib.

Abstract: A wind turbine blade has upper and lower shell members with a respective spar cap configured on an internal face of the shell members. A shear web extends between the spar caps along a longitudinal length of the blade and includes first and second components extending from a respective spar cap. An intermediate connection assembly is provided between facing transverse ends of the first and second components, and includes bond paste retaining structure configured relative to the transverse ends to achieve a bond between the transverse ends having desired width and thickness dimensions.

Abstract: Torsion box of an aircraft stabilizing surface comprising a front spar (15), a rear spar (17), ribs (21) and upper and lower stiffened skins, in which at least one of the skins (31) is stiffened with a plurality of stringers (33, 43), preferably omega-shaped stringers, extending all of them along the full skin span, preferably in a convergent distribution, and having a decreasing cross section towards the skin outer edge.

Abstract: An aircraft wing assembly comprising: a main wing element; an inboard rib and an outboard rib, each mounted to the main wing element; a bridging structure attaching the inboard rib to the outboard rib; an inboard flap and an outboard flap; and an inboard bearing and an outboard bearing, each mounted to the bridging structure and each engaging a respective one of the flaps. The bridging structure ensures that an accurate distance is maintained between the ribs during installation, and maximises the stiffness of the assembly. Also, the bridging structure can act as a shear plate supporting both the inboard and outboard bearings, thus removing any twisting moment on the ribs.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for aircraft according to various aspects of the present invention operate in conjunction with a fuselage and a wing. The fuselage may be configured to generate lift in response to airflow over the fuselage. In addition, the fuselage may have at least one hole defined therethrough. A spar may be disposed through the hole and extend into at least a portion of the wing and at least a portion of the fuselage. The spar may connect the fuselage to the wings.

Abstract: A lateral force joint, with which a plate-like spar can be fastened to a fuselage strap mounted on an airplane fuselage. The plate-like spar has a through bore, into which a fastening cylinder mounted on the flange can be inserted for connecting both components. In order to allow for the location of the spar to be adjusted with respect to the fuselage strap, a bearing bush of the spar is eccentrically fitted into the through bore. Correspondingly, the fastening cylinder of the fuselage strap is mounted eccentrically on a bearing bush so that a rotation of the bearing bushes allows the lateral force joint to be adjusted.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for joining composite members and other structural members in aircraft wings and other structures. An aircraft wing box structure configured in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes a first composite member having a first surface portion positioned at an angle relative to a second surface portion of a second composite member. The wing box structure of this embodiment further includes at least one metallic joining member having an upstanding leg portion extending from a base portion. The base portion of the joining member is bonded to the first surface portion of the first composite member with a first portion of adhesive, and the upstanding leg portion of the metallic joining member is bonded to the second surface portion of the second composite member with a second portion of adhesive.

Abstract: A hull structure is provided, for use in particular in an aircraft or spacecraft, the hull structure including an outer skin and structural components which are connected to said skin, as well as an inner lining which forms a supporting structure together with the outer skin and the structural components.

Abstract: A structuring construction for an aircraft fuselage is provided having an outer skin as well as a plurality of formers extending at a spacing side by side crosswise to the longitudinal direction of the fuselage wherein at least a partial number of the formers include a main former portion which is channel-like in cross section and the channel edges of which are adjacent to the outer skin and wherein the channel space of the main former portion serves to accommodate at least one supply air line which may be formed, for example, by a separate pipe line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stringer for an aircraft wing and a method of forming such a stringer in which the stringer is formed from a single piece of material and then machined to optimise the dimensions and weight of the stringer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stringer for an aircraft wing and a method of forming such a stringer in which the stringer is formed form a single piece of material and has differential strength along its length.

Abstract: A rib of an airplane wing is prevented from deforming due to a machining load when machining a rivet hole in parts where the rib and a skin are joined. With regard to a rib that provides a connection between first and second spars of the airplane wing, the rib is formed with mounting flanges secured to a skin via a rivet, a stringer through hole for a stringer to be positioned through, and first and second cutouts facing parts where the first and second spars and the skin are connected. Since reinforcing beads are formed along the mounting flanges and reinforcing flanges are formed so as to extend in the span direction from the edges of the stringer through hole and the first and second cutouts and be connected integrally to the mounting flanges, the stiffness of the rib toward a load in the vertical direction when drilling a rivet hole can be enhanced.

Abstract: A shape-changing structural member has a shape-changing material, such as a suitable foam material, for example a polymer foam capable of withstanding at least 300% strain or a metal alloy foam capable of withstanding at least 5% strain. Springs, such as one or more coil springs, provide structural support for the shape-changing material. The springs may also be used to provide forces to expand and contract the shape change material. The springs may include pairs of concentric springs, one inside of another. The concentric springs may surround an underlying skeleton structure that supports the shape-changing material and/or aids in changing the shape of the material. The concentric springs may or may not be wrapped around the underlying skeleton structure. Multiple springs or pairs of springs may be coupled together using a sheet metal connector.

Abstract: A method for assembling a main wing having an upper skin and plurality of spars is disclosed. The front spar and rear spar are fastened to a back surface of the upper skin using an adhesive agent without using rivets, whereby the front surface of the upper skin becomes smooth.

Abstract: According to one aspect, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing at least one non-uniform thickness composite spar component. The method comprises braiding a plurality of fibres over a non-cylindrical mandrel to form a variable thickness shaped fibre preform, flattening the shaped fibre preform and cutting the flattened shaped fibre preform to obtain the at least one non-uniform thickness composite spar component. Spars made according to various embodiments of the present invention are faster and less expensive to manufacture than conventional composite spar components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stringer for an aircraft wing and a method of reinforcing such a stringer in which the stringer is formed with a substantially lambda shaped section.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for joining composite members and other structural members in aircraft wings and other structures. An aircraft wing box structure configured in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes a first composite member having a first surface portion positioned at an angel relative to a second surface portion of a second composite member. The wing box structure of this embodiment further includes at least one metallic joining member having an upstanding leg portion extending from a base portion. The base portion of the joining member is bonded to the first surface portion of the first composite member with a first portion of adhesive, and the upstanding leg portion of the metallic joining member is bonded to the second surface portion of the second composite member with a second portion of adhesive.

Abstract: An airborne mobile platform may have a wing having a length and a chord wise dimension, and a plurality of elongated structural components extending span-wise along the length of the wing. The elongated structural components may each have a localized hinge area. A device may be used for manipulating the elongated structural component to position the localized hinge area to selectively change a hinge line of the wing in response to an airflow over the wing.