Abstract: If irregular movement is detected in a given one of left and right spoilers, a spoiler control device outputs a retracting signal for the given one of the spoilers and refrains from outputting the retracting signal for the other of the left and right spoilers, and if the difference between the angles of the left and right spoilers becomes equal to or less than a specified value, the spoiler control device outputs the retracting signal for the other of the left and right spoilers.

Abstract: The unified command system and/or method includes an input mechanism, a flight processor that receives input from the input mechanism and translates the input into control output, and effectors that are actuated according to the control output. The system can optionally include: one or more sensors, a vehicle navigation system which determines a vehicle state and/or flight regime based on data from the one or more sensors, and a vehicle guidance system which determines a flightpath for the aircraft.

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments, a system for controlling an aircraft is provided. The system can include a computing device, wherein the computing device includes at least one processor configured to control a flight path angle of the aircraft, and wherein the aircraft is a blown lift aircraft. The system can also include a control operator communicatively coupled to the computing device, wherein the control operator is configured to have at least two selectable settings. The system can also include at least two thrust-producing devices operatively coupled to a pair of wings on the aircraft and communicatively coupled to the computing device. The computing device may control the flight path angle of the aircraft by selectively operating the at least two thrust-producing devices based on a plurality of conditions provided by a plurality of sensors on the aircraft and a selected setting of the control operator.

Abstract: This invention is directed toward an aerodynamically designed drone with a unique angle of propulsion. The drone uses airfoil design to move more efficiently through the air, and the aerodynamic design is optimized when the drone is tilted forward at various degrees of “tilt” to provide the most aerodynamic profile to the oncoming air. The invention contemplates single hull, double hull and triple hull designs, and is applicable to heaving lifting drones, drones use for photography and remote sensing, and racing drones.

Abstract: A rotorcraft has a horizontal stabilizer movable about an axis of rotation and a horizontal stabilizer control system configured to control the horizontal stabilizer to at least one of move the rotorcraft into a minimum drag position, maintain the aircraft in a minimum drag position, efficiently achieve a maneuver, enter efficient autorotation, and maintain efficient autorotation.

Abstract: A bogey undercarriage having at least two axles, each carrying at least two wheels, wherein at least one of the axles carries a wheel fitted with a rotary drive device and no brake device, while the other wheels are provided with brake devices and no movement devices is provided. A braking method applied to such an undercarriage is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a force application device for a control stick of an aircraft comprising a shaft and a control lever configured to rotate the shaft about a first axis, the device comprising: a magnetic brake comprising a braking part configured to be connected to the shaft, and a volume containing a rheological fluid in contact with the braking part, of variable shear resistance as a function of a magnetic field applied to the rheological fluid, a force feedback motor configured to exert a resistive force opposing the rotation of the shaft about the first axis, a motor power source, a movable magnetic element biased towards a position close to the magnetic brake, and distancing means configured to maintain the movable magnetic element in a position away from the magnetic brake, when such distancing means are powered by the power source.

Abstract: A helicopter autopilot system includes an inner loop for attitude hold for the flight of the helicopter including a given level of redundancy applied to the inner loop. An outer loop is configured for providing a navigation function with respect to the flight of the helicopter including a different level of redundancy than the inner loop. An actuator provides a braking force on a linkage that serves to stabilize the flight of the helicopter during a power failure. The actuator is electromechanical and receives electrical drive signals to provide automatic flight control of the helicopter without requiring a hydraulic assistance system in the helicopter. The autopilot can operate the helicopter in a failed mode of the hydraulic assistance system. A number of flight modes are described with associated sensor inputs including rate based and true attitude modes.

Abstract: An opening apparatus of a hood of a vehicle for emergency escape includes a hood latch and a safety hook, which constrains a striker formed on the hood to open and close the hood, which opens and closes a front trunk in a vehicle equipped with the front trunk. The opening apparatus includes an emergency lever configured to be installed in the front trunk and an emergency opening mechanism configured to operate the hood latch and the safety hook simultaneously when the emergency lever is operated to release the constraint of the striker.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed for redundant actuation of control surfaces. An example apparatus includes a control surface of an aircraft, and an actuator to move the control surface. The example apparatus also includes an electric motor to move the actuator; the electric motor communicatively coupled to an electrical system of the aircraft. The example apparatus also includes a hydraulic motor to move the actuator, the hydraulic motor fluidly coupled to a hydraulic system of the aircraft. The example apparatus also includes a sensor to detect incorrect operation of the hydraulic system. The example apparatus also includes a switch operatively coupled to the sensor, the switch to enable operation of the electric motor in response to the detected incorrect operation of the hydraulic system.

Abstract: Controlling a movement of an aircraft. A computer system detects a position of a group of integrated control levers for the aircraft. The computer system controls a forward thrust, a drag, and a reverse thrust generated by the aircraft based on the position of the group of integrated control levers.

Abstract: A system and method for flying an aircraft is disclosed. The system includes one or more flight-assist agents for performing an operation related to flying the aircraft and a vehicle autonomy management system. The vehicle autonomy management system allocates tasks of a task workload involved in the operation between a flight crew and the one or more flight-assist agents, monitors a performance of the flight crew in executing a portion of the task workload allocated to the flight crew, and adjusts an allocation of the task workload between the flight crew and the one or more flight-assist agents based on the performance of the flight crew.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a yaw moment of a flight vehicle, such as an aircraft. A wing structure of the flight vehicle has a first opening or actuator positioned by a first apex section of a first side of the wing, and has a second opening or actuator positioned away from or at a distance from a second apex section of a second side of the wing. The first side and the second side can each be positioned or located opposite a centerline of the wing or wing structure. A pressure source or other pressure supply device is in communication with the first opening or actuator and the second opening or actuator to which a pressurized fluid, such as air, is controlled and delivered to control or vary the yaw moment of the flight vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention provides an abnormality diagnosis device and an abnormality diagnosis method for a supercharger. In the abnormality diagnosis processing performed by an electronic control unit, a determination of having an abnormality of a turbo charger is made according to the fact that an actual supercharging pressure becomes equal to above the upper-limit supercharging pressure for preventing the over-speed rotation of the turbo charger. The throttle opening is reduced while the output torque of the internal combustion engine is decreased; on the other hand, the actual supercharging pressure is to be decreased by decreasing the rotation speed of the turbo charger. The electronic control unit prohibits the execution of the abnormality determination processing during the reduction of the throttle opening.

Abstract: A system for operating a droop panel on an air vehicle, the droop panel positioned between a fixed structure and a trailing edge flap on the wing. The system includes a pin joint linkage assembly coupled between and to the fixed structure, the droop panel, and the trailing edge flap. The assembly has a first link attached to the fixed structure; and a second link coupled to the first link, and pivotably connected to a third pin joint, connected to a fourth pin joint, and an angled portion pivotably connected to a second pin joint. The assembly has a third link coupled to the second link, and coupled to the fourth pin joint and to a fifth pin joint attached to the trailing edge flap. The assembly is configured to operate the droop panel by concurrently moving the droop panel and the trailing edge flap in a single coordinated motion.

Abstract: A method of using a tactile signal warning device forming part of a human-operated flight control member of a rotorcraft. The warning device makes use of an anchorable motorized trim actuator for generating a resisting force against movement of the flight control member. The warning device comprises a warning unit that, as a function of a power margin (MP1) calculated by a predictor unit in compliance with a current regulation rating of the power plant and on condition that state data indicates that an autopilot is activated in a higher operating mode, acts to generate an order to activate the trim actuator depending on the conditions under which the flight control member is being moved as identified by a force management unit.

Abstract: A flight control system for an aircraft includes at least one flight control computer that carries out a ground lift dump function that selectively extends a spoiler located on a wing of the aircraft into an airflow passing over the wing. The at least one flight control computer includes arming logic that is responsive to an input signal indicative of an aircraft parameter to automatically arm the ground lift dump function during certain phases of operation of the aircraft. The at least one flight control computer includes spoiler deployment logic that is responsive to an arming signal from the aiming logic which indicates that the ground lift function is armed to deploy the spoiler into its extended position within the airflow passing over the wing of the aircraft to assist in stopping the aircraft while the aircraft is on the ground.

Abstract: A control system for an aircraft including first and second lanes having respective first and second processors dissimilar to one another and configured to output respective first and second computation data. At least one programmable logic device may be configured to receive the first computation data output and the second computation data output, determine a difference therebetween, and transmit a corrective computation data output to the first processor and the second processor via respective feedback loops if the difference between the first computation data output and the second computation data output exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A control system for an aero compression combustion drive assembly, the aero compression combustion drive assembly having an engine member, a transmission member and a propeller member, the control system including a sensor for sensing a pressure parameter in each of a plurality of compression chambers of the engine member, the sensor for providing the sensed pressure parameter to a control system device, the control system device having a plurality of control programs for effecting selected engine control and the control system device acting on the sensed pressure parameter to effect a control strategy in the engine member. A control method is further included.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for programming a flight management system in response to a voice input. The voice input is validated (the pilot spoken vocabulary is thereby filtered (e.g., adapted) to improve recognition accuracy and reduce false positives) by comparing the current operational state of the aircraft (for example, climb, level flight, descent, speed, altitude, and heading), operation validities and availabilities (for example, operations allowed and not allowed) based on the flight management system planned and predicted lateral and vertical trajectory of the flight route (flight plan) from origin/present position to destination, and the requested action being taken.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a redundant control system includes first and second control systems, having first and second clutches, and a shared clutch system. The shared clutch system may include a shared shaft configured to receive mechanical energy from a shared power source, a first shared clutch corresponding to the first clutch and configured to receive mechanical energy from the shared shaft, and a second shared clutch corresponding to the second clutch and configured to receive mechanical energy from the shared shaft. A first linkage provides mechanical communication between an output of the first clutch, an output of the first shared clutch, and a first output device in mechanical communication with the rotor system. A second linkage provides mechanical communication between an output of the second clutch, an output of the second shared clutch, and a second output device in mechanical communication with the rotor system.

Abstract: An aircraft is provided with a mechanical linkage that mechanically transmits an amount of manipulation of a control stick to a rudder controlling mechanism, an amount-of-manipulation sensor that detects the amount of manipulation, and an FBW control-law computing unit that calculates an FBW control-law command indicating an amount of control for a craft in accordance with the detected amount of manipulation. Also, with the aircraft, a high-pass filter outputs, among the control-stick manipulation amounts detected by the amount-of-manipulation sensor, an amount of change in the control-stick manipulation amounts; by subtracting the amount of change that has passed through the high-pass filter by means of the subtracting portion, the FBW control-law command serves as an SAS command; and the rudder controlling mechanism is driven by adding an amount of movement of an SAS actuator in accordance with the SAS command to the control-stick manipulation amount transmitted by the mechanical linkage.

Abstract: A reverse thrust detent system for an aircraft includes a throttle quadrant having an intermediate reverse thrust detent position, a reverse thrust scheduling system interfacing with the throttle quadrant, at least one aircraft engine interfacing with the reverse thrust scheduling system and a programmable input interfacing with the reverse thrust scheduling system and adapted to receive an engine reverse thrust setting. The reverse thrust scheduling system is adapted to operate the at least one aircraft engine according to the engine reverse thrust setting responsive to actuation of the intermediate reverse thrust detent position of the throttle quadrant. A reverse thrust detent method for an aircraft is also disclosed.

Abstract: An inceptor is provided including a control stick mounted to a seat. The control stick is movable about at least a first axis. A fly-by-wire inceptor control system is housed within a portion of the seat. The inceptor control system is configured to provide input signal indicative of movement of the control stick to a flight control system.

Abstract: A mechanical control mixer configured to couple to an aircraft is provided. An axle is mounted to a frame of the mechanical control mixer, and a barrel is configured to rotate about the axle. A central rod is disposed within the barrel. The central rod is configured to rotate with respect to the barrel. A roll control input is connected to the central rod. The roll control input is configured to cause the central rod to rotate within the barrel. Output control rods are connected to the central rod. The output control rods are connected to at least one control surface of the aircraft. An air brake input is connected to the barrel. The air brake input is configured to cause the barrel to rotate about the axle to move at least one of the output control rods.

Abstract: A support assembly for a helicopter control stick is provided. The support assembly includes a supporting structure and an instrument panel fixed to each other; and a connecting assembly for connecting the stick to the supporting structure. The connecting assembly includes an arm elongated in a longitudinal direction and having one end supporting the stick; a guide for connecting the arm in longitudinally sliding manner to the supporting structure, to move the end to and from the supporting structure; and a rotary assembly for connecting the arm to the supporting structure in rotary manner about a horizontal axis, to adjust the height of the end. The rotary assembly has a first releasable retainer, wherein the first releasable retainer operates to lock rotation of the arm with respect to the supporting structure in a desired angular position.

Abstract: Method and device for aiding the control of an aircraft during a parabolic flight in order to generate weightlessness in the aircraft. The device includes an unit for automatically calculating a control stick order corresponding to a current optimum position of the control stick for carrying out a parabolic flight, an unit for automatically determining an actual position of the control stick, and a display unit (13) for automatically displaying, on at least one scale (16) that is displayed on a cockpit screen (17), simultaneously a first indicator (18) corresponding to said control stick order and a second indicator (19) corresponding to said actual position of the control stick.

Abstract: A system for controlling an aircraft control parameter including a control interface including a mobile element configured to move on a travel, of which at least two portions are separated by a neutral position; a return element bringing the mobile element back to the neutral position when it is not actuated; and an interaction element, and a control unit configured to memorize an item of information corresponding to a first position of the mobile element at an instant of activation of the interaction element; and generate a setpoint of the aircraft control parameter, as a function of a control associated with the first position of the mobile element for which said information has been memorized; or a current position of the mobile element, when this current position is situated on the same portion of travel as the first position and is more remote than the latter from the neutral position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flight control support device which sets a flight restricted area W along a terrain, thereby achieving improvement in safety of a small aircraft A and sufficiently securing the degree of freedom of flight course selection of a pilot. The flight control support device includes a terrain information acquirer, an aircraft information acquirer, a flight restricted area setter which sets the flight restricted area W along the terrain on the basis of the terrain information acquired by the terrain information acquirer and the aircraft information acquired by the aircraft information acquirer, and a flight control supporter which supports flight control of a flying object on the basis of the flight restricted area set by the flight restricted area setter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a friction device (11) for maintaining a control member (2, 8) in a determined position. The device comprises a contact part (16) movable between a declutched stable position and a clutched stable position, and vice versa. The clutched stable position corresponds to a position in which the contact part (16) bears against the control member (2, 8) in such a manner as to establish a determined friction force. An electromechanical drive means moves the contact part (16) between the two stable positions. The device includes remote control means for activating and deactivating the drive means.

Abstract: A method and device for providing a pilot warning signal is provided, where such method can include providing a first signal to indicate a pedal angle of a pedal, providing a second signal which is directly dynamically dependent on the pedal angle, pairing up values of the first signal and the second signal at specific times, determining an angle change of the pairs of values and an increment of the pairs of values at two successive times, and generating the pilot warning signal when actuation of the pedal and a stimulated tumbling movement of the aircraft are ascertained and if the determined angle change of the pairs of values is greater than a first threshold value or the determined angle change of the increment of the pairs of values is greater than a second threshold value. A computer program product and a warning device are also provided.

Abstract: A multi-axis serially redundant, single channel, multi-path fly-by-wire control system comprising: serially redundant flight control computers in a single channel where only one “primary” flight control computer is active and controlling at any given time; a matrix of parallel flight control surface controllers including stabilizer motor control units (SMCU) and actuator electronics control modules (AECM) define multiple control paths within the single channel, each implemented with dissimilar hardware and which each control the movement of a distributed set of flight control surfaces on the aircraft in response to flight control surface commands of the primary flight control computer; and a set of (pilot and co-pilot) controls and aircraft surface/reference/navigation sensors and systems which provide input to a primary flight control computer and are used to generate the flight control surface commands to control the aircraft in flight in accordance with the control law algorithms implemented in the flight

Abstract: The method of the invention comprises imparting to the flaps (6G, 6D) of said aircraft either a nose-up deflection (?F) corresponding to the maximum sharpness if the nose-up order is higher than a predetermined threshold, or a deflection (?0) corresponding to the minimum drag if the nose-up order is lower than said threshold.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of modifying the pitch attitude of an aircraft during landing, comprising: commanding the flaps to move to a landing setting; providing a current value for a flight condition parameter; providing a current flaps setting; comparing said current value to at least one threshold value; if said current value exceeds said threshold, determining a new flaps setting capable of producing an improvement in at least one of a selected aft body contact margin and a selected nose gear contact margin for the aircraft; and adjusting the flaps to said new flaps setting.

Abstract: A control system for an aircraft including a passive feedback arrangement, a stick and a positioning arrangement is provided that provides for user adjustability of the resistance applied to the stick, such as in a fly-by-wire system. The passive feedback arrangement is movable relative to a mechanical ground. The stick is moveable relative to the mechanical ground and the passive feedback arrangement. The passive feedback arrangement acts on the stick to resist movement of the stick relative to the passive feedback arrangement. This resistance provides passive feedback to the pilot for the fly-by-wire system. The positioning arrangement is coupled to the passive feedback arrangement for adjusting the position of the passive feedback arrangement relative to the mechanical ground in response to movement of the stick relative to the mechanical ground.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a stability augmentation system includes a master linkage, a stability augmentation motor, and three linkages. A first linkage is coupled to the master linkage and operable to receive movements representative of pilot commands from a pilot command system. A second linkage is coupled between the stability augmentation motor and the master linkage and operable to receive movements representative of augmentation commands from the stability augmentation motor. A third linkage is coupled to the master linkage and operable to transmit movements representative of blade position commands to a blade control system in response to the movements representative of pilot commands and the movements representative of augmentation commands.

Abstract: A controller includes a first body portion, adapted to be grasped by a person's middle finger, ring finger, and pinky finger, a second body portion adapted to be grasped by a person's index finger, and a third body portion that defines a first surface adapted to receive a person's thumb. A finger switch is positioned on a front surface of the second body portion. The finger switch is positioned such that it may be actuated by the person's index finger. The second body portion is disposed between the first body portion and the third body portion. The second body portion defines an offset with respect to the first body portion. The third body portion defines a second surface above the finger switch, which may receive the person's index finger.

Abstract: An electronic operational control device for an aircraft piloting device with two connected piloting members, includes electronic circuits for main monitoring from signals delivered by sensors associated with one of the piloting members, and at least one electronic circuit (52 to 55) for cross-monitoring, for digital processing of signals delivered by sensors (83, 93) associated with the other piloting member, adapted to detect any deviation of these signals corresponding to a fault and to generate a signal representing such a fault. A piloting device and an aircraft including such an electronic operational control device with cross-monitoring are also disclosed.

Abstract: A lift platform with a kinesthetic control system that is coupled to means for altering air flow through the first and second longitudinally-spaced ducts comprising the lift platform is provided. The control system includes a control handle bar with left and right hand grips, and first and second control roll bars located on either side of the lift platform's central cowling. Forward/rearward movement of the control handle bar from a neutral position generates nose-down/nose-up pitching moments, respectively; counterclockwise/clockwise movement of the control handle bar from the neutral position generates counterclockwise rotation/clockwise rotation of the lift platform about a lift platform vertical centerline; and left movement/right movement of the control roll bars generates left roll/right roll moments about the lift platform roll axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control system and to a method of operating such a control system, particularly to a control system for pilot command inputs for a helicopter, with a mechanical input signal (2), at least one electric position sensor (21, 21?) for said input signal (2), at least one electric power supply (25, 25?) and at least one controllable, electromechanical actuator (27, 27?) fed by the at least one electric power supply (25, 25?) and controlled by the at least one electric position sensor (21, 21?). The mechanical input signal (2) is applied mechanically to the at least one controllable electromechanical actuator (27, 27?).

Abstract: A mechanical control mixer configured to couple to an aircraft is provided. An axle is mounted to a frame of the mechanical control mixer, and a barrel is configured to rotate about the axle. A central rod is disposed within the barrel. The central rod is configured to rotate with respect to the barrel. A roll control input is connected to the central rod. The roll control input is configured to cause the central rod to rotate within the barrel. Output control rods are connected to the central rod. The output control rods are connected to at least one control surface of the aircraft. An air brake input is connected to the barrel.

Abstract: A monitoring and control device for an aircraft actuator includes a control module, delivering control signals for the actuator and position signals for the actuator determined according to control messages received from a piloting management system of the aircraft, and at least one first position sensor supplying information concerning the position of the actuator, and a monitoring module, delivering position signals for the actuator and receiving the control signals received from the piloting management system of the aircraft, and information relating to the position of the actuator supplied by at least one second position sensor. The control and monitoring modules are capable of assessing the consistency of the signals processed therein and of controlling accordingly a power supply and disabling module of the actuator.

Abstract: A longitudinal control law is designed to optimize the flying qualities when aircraft is set to approach configuration, i.e. when the flap lever is set to the landing position and landing gears are locked down. Under such circumstances, the effort of trimming the aircraft speed can be extremely reduced by the usage of a momentary on-off switch or other control in the sidestick, instead of or in addition to a conventional trim up-down switch, making easier the task of airspeed selection by the pilot. This control law provides excellent handling qualities during approach and landing, with the benefit of not needing or using radio altimeter information in safety-critical applications.

Abstract: An improved stable approach monitor (SAM) system provides an audible advisory to a pilot when an aircraft is on a final landing approach. More specifically, the SAM system compares a measured airspeed of the aircraft to a predetermined flap placard speed. If the measured airspeed exceeds the predetermined flap placard speed then the improved SAM system provides an audible advisory indicating the airspeed of the aircraft is too fast. Advantageously, this audible advisory should prevent the pilot from attempting to deploy the flaps at an excessive airspeed and in turn focuses the pilot's attention on the problem at hand, which would be to reduce the airspeed of the aircraft. Once the airspeed is equal to or below the predetermined flap placard speed, the improved SAM system may provide another audible advisory informing the pilot to commence deployment of the flaps.

Abstract: A piloting device (1) for piloting a vehicle, in particular an aircraft, has a frame (10), a cradle (20) pivoting with respect to the frame on a first pivot axis (R), a piloting member, called a stick (30), pivoting with respect to the cradle (20) on a second axis (T) orthogonal to and intersecting the first axis, first return elements (11,11?,12) for returning the cradle to a predetermined position with respect to the frame, called the neutral position of the cradle, second return elements (21,21?,22) for returning the stick to a predetermined position with respect to the cradle, called the neutral position of the stick, wherein at least one of the second return elements, called a stick jack (22), is arranged between the stick and the frame.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of determining the power demand on a power subsystem (2) of a system (1) by optimising a respective demand-dependent operating characteristic based on one or more operating conditions affecting the power subsystem, the method comprising: using a system-authority (3, 14) to determine system-level power demand limits on the basis of a system-level objective associated with an operating period; inputting the power demand limits to a separate power control processor (4, 16) configured for regulating the power demand on the power subsystem (2); determining each of said operating conditions; and using the power control processor (4, 16) autonomously to determine the overall power demand on the power subsystem (2) within said system-level limits, based on each of said operating conditions, thereby to optimise said operating characteristic. A method of regulating the power demand during the operating period is also disclosed.

Abstract: A flight control system for an aircraft, in which control commands are transmitted between a flight control module and at least one actuator of a movable flight surface, the flight control module including at least one first and one second computer, each computer being adapted for computing, for each actuator, a control command established according to at least one predetermined law for control of the flight surface controlled by the actuator.

Abstract: A panel-mounted control stick for aircraft providing for roll and pitch input that emulates the response of a traditional floor-mounted control stick. The panel-mounted control stick incorporates a pitch beam input assembly and a roll input assembly for translating the movements of the control stick into movements of aircraft control surfaces.

Abstract: A device for piloting includes a piloting member connected to at least one member for driving the craft, an electromechanical support box including, for each pivot connection, at least one actuating motor of the piloting member constituted of an electromagnetic actuator including a movable armature integrally formed with the piloting member and equipped with at least one permanent magnet having a magnetic moment parallel to the axis of the pivot connection, and an electromagnetic circuit including a fixed armature, arranged to allow the movable armature to move in the air gap zone, the magnetic moment of the movable armature sweeping each radial surface portion, and at least one coil winding which is dependent in position on the fixed armature and is capable of generating electromagnetic torque on the movable armature.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a control assembly includes a post, a grip, and a shaft. The post has a top, a bottom, and a body joining the top to the bottom. The shaft havs a first end coupled proximate to the body below the top and a second end opposite the first end coupled to the grip. The shaft positions at least part of the grip directly over the top of the post.