Abstract: A system comprises a control module that is configured for operable coupling with at least one of a brake system and/or a penalty detection system of a first vehicle. The control module is further configured to operate in a first mode of operation. In the first mode of operation, the control module activates the brake system, responsive to receiving a first control signal from a second vehicle; the first and second vehicles are coupled in a consist. Alternatively or additionally, the control module is configured to operate in a second mode of operation. In the second mode of operation, the control module is configured to generate the first control signal for transmission to the second vehicle and activation of a brake system of the second vehicle, responsive to receiving a second control signal from the penalty detection system.

Abstract: An anisotropic liquid phase photochemical etch is performed by submersing a substrate 30 (e.g. copper) in a liquid 34 containing an etchant (e.g. hydrochloric acid) and a passivant (e.g. iodine), the passivant forming an insoluble passivation layer 36 (e.g. Cul) on the surface, preventing the etchant from etching the surface. The passivant and its concentration are chosen such that the passivation layer 36 has a solubility which is substantially increased when it is illuminated with radiation 38 (e.g. visible/ultraviolet light). Portions of the surface are then illuminated with radiation 38, whereby the passivation layer 36 is removed from those illuminated portions of the surface, allowing the etch to proceed there. Portions of the surface not illuminated are not etched, resulting in an anisotropic etch. Preferably, an etch mask 32 is used to create the unilluminated areas. This etch mask 32 may be formed on the surface or it may be interposed between the surface and the radiation source.