Abstract: Apparatus for casting poured concrete liners in manholes or the like wherein a collection of sheet-metal, flanged, arcuate panels is provided which panels can be assembled in belts of generally circular cross-section commencing from the bottom of the manhole to provide a complete form structure for casting a concrete liner with a minimum thickness of about three inches and including openings created by sectional cylindrical inserts, all of which can be assembled, then disassembled after the concrete liner has set. An extensive variety of panels to accommodate different shapes of manholes includes panels for forming right conical belts, for forming offset conical belts, and for forming wedge-shaped belts to make transitions between vertical and tilted sections of the manhole.

Abstract: An adjustable culvert form facilitates fabrication of rectilinear culverts and skewed culverts that is, culverts having an angular relationship between sidewalls and span. It is particularly useful for the production of three-sided culverts. The form generally defines a parallelogram having low, vertically standing sidewalls which are interconnected at adjacent ends by hinges. The hinges may be either a conventional pair of interleaved pivots coupled by a removable pin or a unique expandable, multiple pin hinge configuration. The form is placed on a smooth horizontal surface such as a previously poured concrete slab, the surface forming the largest continuous surface of the product. The culvert is cast in an inverted orientation. The width and length of the formed product may be adjusted by the incorporation or removal of sidewall panels. Triangular sidewall panels are secured to end adjacent regions of the sidewall panels to form haunches.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a three-sided culvert includes prestressing tendons in the culvert form. A series of prestressing tendons are secured within a form adapted for casting a concrete culvert having three orthogonal sides. The prestressing tendons are utilized in the top slab of the three-sided culvert and are positioned within the form prior to the pouring of concrete therein. Reinforcing steel can be eliminated along with the costs associated therewith and a culvert configuration can be provided with enhanced strength and improved material properties. Such culverts may thus be provided in modular form for placement upon foundations at remote locations for the creation of bridges, drainage areas and the like.

Abstract: A pipe seal assembly for a poured concrete tank or box in an on-site waste disposal system including a seal member having an inclined inner wiper flange which releasably retains a mandrel, and plug means also releasably mounted within the seal member to prevent ingress of liquid concrete during box formation. A spacer member is provided for those instances where the seal member is to be installed in the wall of a relatively thick-walled concrete box. Alternate means for releasably retaining the seal member to the mandrel are disclosed. Additionally, a series of such seal assemblies is disclosed for use in sealably attaching a pipe through a thick poured concrete wall, such as a basement wall.

Abstract: A traveling culvert/tunnel forming structure including upright waler assemblies positioned in transversely spaced relation on each side of said forming structure, the waler assemblies being adapted to receive forms on outside surfaces thereof. Horizontally adjusted header assemblies are supported at opposite ends by the spaced upright waler assemblies. Collapsible braces are disposed between the upright waler assemblies enabling the upright waler assemblies to move towards and away from one another. Multi purpose mounting brackets are mounted in rows on the upright waler assemblies which brackets are positioned inwardly from the waler assemblies. Rows of casters are swivelly mounted on the brackets inside of the rows of upright waler assemblies beneath the header assemblies. A pair of rows of leveling jacks are provided for elevating the forming structure and its casters out-of-contact with a ground supporting surface. The leveling jacks each have an upstanding jack shaft.

Abstract: A form structure for making a primary concrete covering wall on the surface of the wall of a tunnel which extends behind a shield type tunnel excavator advanced, wherein a form structure for casting concrete to make the covering wall is assembled with a plurality of arcuate form assemblies respectively including form segments and timbering members for reinforcing the cast and set concrete. The form segments of each assembly are detachably coupled to the timbering members. The form structure is disassembled after the cast concrete is set by detaching the form segments of the respective assemblies from the timbering members to leave the members on the primary covering wall of the set concrete, whereby the primary covering wall can be held in stable state simultaneously with completion of the primary covering wall on the tunnel wall surface.

Abstract: This invention is both an apparatus and a method for distributing concrete coming from a concrete pump to anyone of a plurality of points of use. An intermediate conduit is connected with a main supply conduit and the intermediate conduit comprises a plurality of branch points connected in series by the intermediate conduit. At each branch point a short branch pipe is connected with the intermediate conduit. All branch pipes can be completely plugged by rubber plugs. A discharge conduit is connected with the end of the intermediate conduit and a draining device can be operatively connected with the discharge conduit to force a deformable plug through the intermediate conduit and at least a part of the supply conduit in order to drain and cleanse the whole system before setting of the concrete will begin. The draining process is activated at the end of a working day or working period and can be automatically started after a predetermined stop period of the concrete pump.

Abstract: A primary forming member is associated with a secondary supporting structure to allow rapid construction of elongate concrete structures of uniform cross-section by removing the primary forming member before the concrete mass supported by the secondary supporting structure is set or self-supporting. The primary forming member provides plural spaced forming arches, foldable for transport, and supported for vertical motion on a carriage providing for horizontal motion along the axis of symmetry of the formed structure. The primary forming member supports a plurality of spaced support arches of the secondary supporting structure with a plurality of cross elements therebetween to support rigid panels that create a forming surface for plastic concrete and remain as a part of a formed concrete structure to provide insulation. The forming system forms a self-supporting arched concrete surface with spaced depending arches by being sequentially moved axially therealong.

Abstract: A plurality of invert forming mold members are bolted together and have their ends received in internal frames provided at adjacent pipe openings in a manhole. The mold members are formed of relatively thick and heavy polyurethane and are of U-shaped cross-section. A mold supporting plate is provided in each of the internal mounting frames and has an opening configured to matingly receive the endmost mold component. The mold components are provided in a variety of linear lengths, angular curved configurations and elevation changing members so that they can be associated to form inverts required for any particular manhole configuration. The assembly of mold members is extremely strong and rigid and does not require any additional internal bracing.

Abstract: An assembly is provided for installing a resilient gasket having a projecting, pipe-engaging portion and an anchoring portion fixed in the peripheral wall of a circular opening in a masonry manhole construction, the masonry manhole construction having an inner face and an outer face. The assembly consists of an inner mold disc of a particular recited shape, an outer mold disc of a particular recited complementary shape, and a rectangular fixing bar including a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart holes therein, and bolts passed through aligned selected apertures in the rectangular fixing bar, in the inner mold disc and in the outer mold disc. In such assembly, the inner mold disc is temporarily secured to the outer mold disc with the elastomeric gasket locked therebetween. A flange is provided at the upper end of the rectangular fixing bar for suspending the assembly from the masonry manhole construction.

Abstract: Structure and a method for installation of drain conduit whereby the drain conduit is positioned at a proper elevation with respect to an adjacent surface in a floor or parking lot or the like. The drain conduit is positioned within a trench. Support structure of this invention supports the drain conduit in the trench as concrete or other solidifiable material is poured into the trench to support and to secure the position of the drain conduit. Then after the concrete has partially solidified and is capable of support of the drain conduit, the support structure of this invention is removed and is reused in another installation.

Abstract: An apparatus for moulding prefabricated curved concrete sections for use in the construction of arched or vaulted structures comprises a curved, upwardly convex mould made up of a series of reusable substantially flat mould plates pivotally supported by vertical pillars of adjustable height. The mould plates are hingedly connected to each other such that the angle of each plate to the adjacent plate is adjustable. The spacing between the vertical pillars is also adjustable, so that the mould plates provide a polygonal mould surface adjustable for moulding prefabricated concrete sections of different curvatures.

Abstract: A method of making a primary concrete covering wall on the surface of the wall of a tunnel which extends behind a shield type tunnel excavator. A form structure for casting concrete to make the covering wall is assembled with a plurality of arcuate form assemblies respectively including form segments and timbering members for reinforcing the cast and set concrete. The form segments of each assembly are detachably coupled to the timbering member. The form structure is disassembled after the cast concrete is set by detaching the form segments of the respective assemblies from the timbering members to leave the members on the primary covering wall of the set concrete, whereby the primary covering wall can be held in stable state simultaneously with completion of the primary covering wall on the tunnel wall surface.

Abstract: A core form is disclosed for casting a structurally reinforced concrete structure for use on a slab with an outer container form having rigid walls extending vertically comprising a casting core positioned internal the outer form and having vertically extending resilient walls defining an within contiguous core wall. The walls of the outer form and the walls of the casting core are spaced apart to define a mold cavity therebetween. A form base supported by the slab is positioned within the mold cavity to releasingly support the concrete structure to be formed and cured within the mold cavity. The walls of the casting core include an upper and lower periphery such that in use the lower periphery abuts the form base to seal the concrete internal the mold cavity relative the periphery and form base. The internal contiguous core wall is retractable to enable the placement of the reinforcing structure within the mold cavity.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming inverts in a manhole base using a single pour or double pour technique. In the single pour technique, the invert is formed simultaneously with the formation of the manhole base using a mold member having a channel-shaped projection defining the invert. Alignment members simply, and precisely, align the mold member having the channel-shaped projection with the members forming the base member sidewall openings to form a manhole base having an invert in precise alignment with associated sidewall openings. In the two pour technique, the manhole base is initially formed. Thereafter, channel invert forms are aligned with sidewall openings by alignment members arranged within the manhole openings to assure precise alignment therebetween, wherein the invert formed within the manhole base by pouring the casting material into the base member forms an invert which is in precise alignment with associated sidewall openings.

Abstract: There is disclosed a mold assembly for casting a concrete wall having an opening and for anchoring a flexible resilient ring-like gasket in the peripheral wall of said opening to make a seal with a pipe passing through the opening. The assembly includes a pair of spaced mold walls for receiving unset concrete therebetween, a flexible resilient annular mold arranged to extend between the mold walls with its end surfaces in respective sealing contact with the inner surfaces of the mold walls and a rigid mold-supporting member removably inserted within the annular mold to support the latter while concrete is cast about the annular mold and between the mold walls. The outer surface of the annular mold has a continuous annular groove, intermediate the end surfaces, to receive the pipe-engaging portion of the gasket. Once the concrete is set, the outer anchoring portion of the gasket is embedded in the concrete.

Abstract: A top concrete section for a manhole assembly is cast with a plurality of bolt slot inserts each insert having a substantially inverted T-shaped hollow interior for slideably receiving a nut which may be moved to any desired position along the base of the insert for threadedly engaging a threaded rod employed to rigidly secure a cast iron cover frame to the top section.The method for casting a manhole top section comprises the steps of releasably mounting each insert within the mould assembly by means of a retaining slide which itself is slideably received within a pair of holding brackets provided on each of the inner and outer mould members, the insert being substantially fully closed on all sides thereof and having a top surface formed of a thin web which is easily fractured or cut away after the top manhole section is cast. The fully enclosed insert prevents any concrete from entering into the interior thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a tunnel lining and a method of constructing the tunnel lining by aligning prestressed resilient lining panels of uniform thickness, such as plywood sheets, where longitudinal edges of the panels abut to form a ring. The longitudinal edges of the panel correspond to, and impose thrust against a second longitudinal edge of an adjacent panel. The thrust causes bending of the panels to form an arc about the longitudinal axis of the panels and to cause internal stresses within the ring to counteract loads applied at the exterior of the panels. The ring can consist of multiple layers of panels.

Abstract: A mold is provided for use in the production of concrete pipe sections. The mold has an inner mold part including an arch-shaped mold member; a pair of substantially L-shaped side mold members each flexibly connected to an adjacent end of the arch-shaped mold member and extending along the side portions of the mold and with parts extending inwardly across the bottom portion of the mold, and a separable mold member detachably connected between the inwardly extending parts of the L-shaped side mold members. The parting of the mold from the product is accomplished by removing the separable mold member, and urging the L-shaped side mold members inwardly. Provided also is a mold for use in the production of mitred concrete pipe sections comprising an upper inclined pipe and a lower inclined pipe which are connected to each other at their mitred surfaces. A mold is also provided for producing concrete pipe elbows having partition plates adapted to produce elbows of various arcuate sizes.

Abstract: A curb inlet having a removable non-concrete gutter form, which is an arcuate, generally rectangular strip having a concave front face and a convex rear face with a plurality of handles secured to the rear face and, also secured to that rear face, a plurality of aligning horizontal sleeves each having a tube portion and a latch portion and each having a locking bolt slidably mounted in the sleeves. The form can be locked in place in a pre-cast curb inlet member by the bolts entering openings in that pre-cast member. The form retains concrete when the concrete is poured against the pre-cast member. After the concrete sets, the bolts are withdrawn from the openings and the form can be removed through an access opening therein. The form strip may be a fiberglass-plastic resin structure.

Abstract: Concentric inner and outer molds define the walls of the manhole base to be cast. The top of the inner mold is provided with a stationary invert forming section and at least one swingable invert forming section swingably mounted upon a centrally located pivot pin. The invert forming mold member is provided with locating openings adapted to receive the pin within the swingable invert forming section to positively and accurately locate the swingable invert forming section. The open region between the fixed and movable sections is filled with a "knee" member in the form of a hollow curved shell which defines the central portion of the invert. The top of the inner mold may alternatively be provided with two or more swingably mounted invert forming sections.

Abstract: A three-sided, rectilinear bridge or culvert structure comprises a pair of vertical sidewalls set in preformed or cast in place footers or existing supports and an integral, planar, horizontal span. The footers preferably include a sidewall receiving channel on their upper surfaces. There is no lower or bottom portion of the structure such as is found in conventional box culverts and thus, that region between the footers and sidewalls is open and readily permits water flow through the structure in its natural watercourse, lessening the likelihood of debris collection within the structure. The structure is cast concrete reinforced with conventional reinforcing bar or welded wire mesh. A wide range of rise/span (height/width) proportions may be accommodated in structures having spans up to about thirty feet.

Abstract: An adjustable cast iron or ductile iron manhole frame and method of construction utilizing a formed concrete base or a base of brick and cement mortar that supports both the frame and the pavement. The height and angle of the frame are determined by the method of construction which sets the height and angle of the formed concrete base. The frame is further adapted to receive and hold the manhole cover, and the frame includes an arched section to hold it securely to the concrete base or to filler material when in a raised position.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming inverts in manhole floors between angularly-related pipeline sections includes a set of a plurality of wedge-shaped forming elements each having a molding surface of corresponding compound longitudinal and transverse arcuate curvature, the forming elements being of respectively varying longitudinally arcuate extents and being adapted for longitudinal end-to-end joinder for producing a variety of angular curvatures. The forming apparatus is set-up in the manhole between the pipeline sections with the molding surface downwardly facing and concrete is poured about the apparatus, the concrete thereby setting in conformity with the apparatus' molding surface to create a curvilinear invert between the pipeline sections.

Abstract: A concrete forming structure including a collapsible form having at least one form panel section and a rigid corner adjacent thereto and with the panel section having a forming face. A two-way hinge filler structure between the section and the rigid corner. The hinge filler structure including a series of hinge plates with a pair of the hinge plates being attached to the form. The hinge plates including a pair of spaced hinges joining the hinge plates in hinged assembly together and with the hinges lying in a plane common to the forming face of the section. Means is provided for holding the panel section in a predetermined position to facilitate the pouring of the concrete and with the means being releasable. The panel section being pivotal on the hinges to effect disengagement of the panel section from the poured concrete.

Abstract: A concrete forming structure including a collapsible form having at least one form panel section. The section having a marginal flange structure mounted thereon at one side and vertically spaced slots on the marginal flange structure for receiving wedge bolts at selected intervals. A one-way escape hinge structure for the form including a pair of first and second hinge plates, the hinge plates including a hinge securing said plates at one of their ends. The first of said hinge plates having vertically spaced wedge bolt slots spaced at intervals generally coinciding to the spacing of the slots on the marginal flange of the panel section. Locking pairs of wedge bolts each having an enlarged end are provided. One wedge bolt of each pair extends through the cooperating slots in the first hinge plate and the marginal flange structure of the panel section with its enlarged end resting against the hinge plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improvements in U-shaped tunnel framings for poured concrete constituted of two half shells or half casings in the form of a right-angled dihedron. The framings are characterized by the combination in each half casing of a horizontal beam composed of two telescopic sections, a set of panels of modular width resting on the two sections of the horizontal beam and being juxtaposed exactly with respect to it and a horizontal reinforcing beam for stiffening and supporting the bottom of the half casing and located inwardly of its vertical panel. The invention is applicable to the simultaneous construction of walls and ceilings of poured concrete.

Abstract: A concrete forming structure for culverts, tunnels, elevator shafts and the like, having side panels and chamfered corners. Novel two-way hinge assemblies are provided adjacent the chamfered corners and comprise two hinges and an angle iron disposed therebetween. The hinges are attached to confronting marginal faces of side panel sections and corner panel sections. Means are provided for holding the panel sections in a predetermined position to facilitate the pouring of the concrete and with the means being releasable. The panel sections and hinges are cooperable to allow the panel section to collapse and move after release of the means for allowing the panel section to be readily disengaged from the thus formed poured concrete. The hinges are lockable in a forming configuration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating the necessity of providing hold-down devices, such as spuds and anchors, for opposing buoyancy in tunnel forms. The method comprises providing a movable counterweight car which preceeds the flow of fluid concretes, as it slopes from the crown of the tunnel forms downward and thus provides negative buoyancy at that area where there is the most fluid concrete and in that area where the most uplift occurs as well as the natural area where there are no forces of the crown helping to prevent flotation. The movable counterweight car is a hollow container curved to match the curvature of the excavated tunnel and clearing the movement of the forms. It has wheels that run on single track rails carried on the inside of the tunnel forms, the container being wholly or partly filled with steel scrap or punchings.

Abstract: The present device is especially useful for positioning on forms prior to the pouring of concrete for removal therefrom to create holes in the concrete to receive inserts therein such as in making holes in concrete for steps to be used in a manhole. A tapered steel shaft of any selected length has a collar fixed near one end thereof with an elongated handle passing transversely therethrough. The collar has slanted cam edges on each end providing a cam surface which is approximately 12.degree. from a line perpendicular to the axis. A second collar identical to the first is welded to a form, such as a steel concrete form used in pouring concrete for manholes. The second collar also has slanted cam edges providing a cam surface corresponding to the slanted cam edges on the first collar and there is a hole passing through the steel pin and through the second collar to receive a removable latch pin therein.

Abstract: A collapsible inner form for making tubular concrete products has upper and lower sections with rigid casting faces, and flexible side sections which buckle inwardly when the internal form is collapsed. Jacks are used to push wheels in the upper and lower sections outwardly against the cast product, forcing the sections to their collapsed positions. The inner form is movable on the wheels for removal of the inner form from the solidified cast product.

Abstract: The invention provides for a process for constructing manhole assemblies in an excavation or elsewhere, by the utilization of an outer form, a preformed manhole barrel which is positioned and propped within the outer form pipe stub inserted partially into the inside of the preformed manhole and resting under notches cut into the preformed manhole barrel, inflatable or rigid forms (or both) are used to form simple or complex channels in the concrete which is to be poured. The form ends are adapted to fit into the pipe stub ends or may abut other forms, where complex channels are desired. The forms are carefully positioned to allow for the proper height and grade of the channel in the completed manhole assembly. Concrete is poured and when it is set, the forms are deflated where applicable and removed to be reused.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the construction of structures for tunnels, culverts, and pressure pipes of any size and shape, straight or curved, constant or variable cross section. The method requires very little formwork, with all work done on site. The method discloses the casting of a lower half of the structure as a continuous element, and the method of utilizing this half as a form in which modular lengths of the upper half of the structure are cast, lifted, inverted, and lowered to form the complete structure. Various methods are disclosed for joining the modules comprising the upper half of the structure to provide various degrees of structural continuity and fluid tightness.

Abstract: A telescoping, U-shaped straight through, primary flow invert form may be lenghtened or shortened to meet the diameter of the cylindrical manhole and is mounted at opposite ends to the aligned main flow inlet and outlet pipes of the manhole. Longitudinally projecting bottom and opposed side invert tabs located at the ends of the straight through invert form contact the insides of the inlet and outlet pipes, respectively, to center the form. Slide guides, each carrying a retainer tab, adjust the retaining tabs longitudinally to position them within respective pipes at respective ends of the form for preventing lifting of the invert form during concrete pouring within the manhole. An angularly adjustable, intersecting side flow invert form projects from another pipe opening to the manhole at some angle to the straight through form and includes interlocking, axially slidable, opposed section halves.

Abstract: A method of lining a tunnel wall comprises the pumping of concrete between a support and the tunnel wall, the concrete being selected from the concretes of concrete group BII of German Industrial Standard (DIN) 1045 and containing as an additive, steel pins, rods or wires having a length of 35 to 50 mm and a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 mm. Approximately 100 kg/m.sup.3 of concrete is constituted by the steel pins or wires.

Abstract: This invention relates to U-shaped tunnel-type forms for poured concrete having an upper horizontal panel resting on two spaced vertical sides which, in turn, are separated on the ground by a combination of jacks and wheels. The bottom portions of the two sides are connected by plural horizontal retractile tie beams. The upper horizontsl panel is supported by articulated horizontal beams pivotal at their ends and in the middle to permit the panel to be deformed by curving it downward, thereby pulling toward each other the spaced corners or edges of the dihedrons formed by the junctures of the spaced vertical sides and the horizontal panel.

Abstract: A method and structure in which a Y- or V-shaped trench is dug in the ground for spatially receiving a smaller, complentarily shaped form that is supported in the trench by re-enforcing rods or the like that remain in the set-up concrete when the form is removed. The form has retractible side walls to facilitate removal from the finished trough and further includes removable gutter and drain means that are left as integral parts of the trough when the form is removed.

Abstract: A method and means of improved construction of concrete culverts in which reinforcement bars are supported by removable racks until the bottom of the culvert is poured and interior wall forms are mounted on wheels with side wall forms pivoting with respect to the top wall form. By this combination of features, a very rapid setting of reinforcement bars and wall forms may be accomplished, and rapid removal of re-bar supports and the interior forms may be effected.

Abstract: The Mortar Cap Form, according to the embodiment shown, comprises a plastic-preformed form in which to pour cement or mortar, to define a rectilinear footing for a catch basin. The form, in its basic configuration, presents channels, of right-angular juncture, defined by parallel walls of uniform width. in order to properly align the form with the top course of a catch basin, locating pins project downwardly from a bottom portion of the form, and from inner corners thereof, to pilotingly engage the catch basin course. The parallel walls are spaced apart by a series of traversing ribs; the ribs strengthen or reinforce the walls, and have voids formed therein to accommodate a flow of cement or mortar therethrough. In its supplemented configuration, the Mortar Cap Form includes a second form of parallel walls which also define channels for receiving cement or mortar, but the second form has tapered walls--to complement inclined road surfaces.

Abstract: A mold for forming joints between a pair of pipes, such as sewer pipes extending into a man hole, where the mold includes a pair of mold parts extendable into the interiors of the pipes and having on first ends interengagable means for joining the mold parts together at one angular orientation and having on second ends interengagable means for joining the mold parts together at a different angular orientation so that one set of mold parts may be used to form joints between pairs of pipes in either of two orientations.

Abstract: A method and means of improved construction of concrete culverts in which reinforcement bars are supported by removable racks until the bottom of the culvert is poured and interior wall forms are mounted on wheels with side wall forms pivoting with respect to the top wall form. By this combination of features, a very rapid setting of reinforcement bars and wall forms may be accomplished, and rapid removal of re-bar supports and the interior forms may be effected.

Abstract: A process for disposing of the residue of exhaust gas washers by utilizing them as a structural material in mines. The sulfur in the exhaust gases is reacted with calcium compounds to form CaSO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O. The CaSO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O is recrystallized to alpha-CaSO.sub.4.1/2H.sub.2 O, conveyed underground, mixed with water, implaced and allowed to harden to form barricades or other structures in the mine.

Abstract: Sewer form consisting of two telescoping sheet metal tubes whose outer ends are provided with conical portions adapted to engage pipe openings in a manhole, the form permitting the formation of an invert of concrete.

Abstract: In abstract, a preferred embodiment of this invention is a multi-purpose form system for use in culverts, manholes and other locations. A basic semi-cylindrical form is provided for use in combination with other types of forms to give a complete system for accomplishing the results intended.