Abstract: A rice nitrogen of panicle fertilizer accurate recommendation method based on crop model and remote sensing coupling includes the following steps: S1. constructing a basic database; S2. agricultural parameter inversion modeling based on the remote sensing vegetation index; S3. rice nitrogen nutrition diagnosis based on the nitrogen nutrition index NNI; and S4. accurately recommending panicle fertilizer nitrogen based on a crop growth model and remote sensing nitrogen nutrition diagnosis. According to the method, the rice growth trend and nitrogen nutrition estimation in the key growth period is achieved through a remote sensing inversion technology, a multi-source remote sensing inversion spatial dataset based on the rice growth trend is taken as a combination point coupling crop growth model to simulate the rice yield in real time, the rice nitrogen nutrition condition and the nitrogen demand are further combined, and the plots-level nitrogen of panicle fertilizer accurate recommendation is finally achieved.

Abstract: Provided is a surface treatment method of a metallic material having a protective layer formed thereon. A surface of the protective layer is scanned while irradiating the surface and the surface is scanned while moving an irradiation spot along the surface, in a state in which a side layer of the protective layer along the metallic material remains covering the metallic material, and a side layer of the protective layer opposite to the metallic material side is removed by irradiation with the laser beam.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and devices for calibration in the field of optical sensors, e.g. characterizing and calibrating an optical sensor chip. In order to address complexity of sensor data with high accuracy the optical sensor, e.g. an optical sensor is not provided as an already calibrated unit. Rather, sensor response data may be recorded in a defined or standardized environment, e.g. at a production line, and with high precision. This high standard sensor response data can be obtained on a per device basis and, thus, is referenced with an unambiguous chip identification number, chip ID. The sensor data is complemented with a dedicated calibration algorithm which can be tailor-made to fit the optical sensor or the optical sensor chip. In order to retrieve the sensor response data and the calibration algorithm both can be made available by means of the chip ID, for example.

Abstract: A dual mode camera may have a camera module and a light source. The camera module may include a quasi-bandpass filter for passing visible light and passing an attenuated portion of near-infrared light to an image sensor for detection. A processor may determine an ambient lighting condition corresponding with an amount of ambient visible light detected by a photodetector. In response to a first ambient lighting condition, the processor may send a first control signal to an encoder to encode image data in monochrome, and another signal to activate a light source. In response to a second ambient lighting condition, the processor may send a second control signal to the encoder to encode image data in color. The light source may emit a band of near-infrared light corresponding with an atmospheric absorption band. The quasi-bandpass filter may attenuate a portion of near-infrared light corresponding with the same atmospheric absorption band.

Abstract: A color filter structure includes multiple color filter groups. Each color filter group includes multiple color filters. For each color filter group, the multiple color filters transmit light of preset wavelength bands, and each color filter corresponding to a respective preset wavelength band. At least two of the preset wavelength bands correspond to a common color channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image sensor including: a center pixel group including 2×2 pixels having different colors in a center area of a 6×6 unit pixel group; and first to fourth color pixel groups having the same color as one pixel of the center pixel group, disposed as units of 2×4 pixels or 4×2 pixels to have a shape surrounding the center pixel group, and having different colors.

Abstract: A laser line is provided for providing separation of hazelnut from items thereof, which are not compliant to standard, in hazelnut processing facility. The laser line comprises at least one first detection module having at least one first detection unit for use in visual picking of hazelnut on said laser line, and at least one second detection unit provided at the continuation of said first detection unit and which provides keeping of the items, which are not suitable to standard and which are not kept by the first detection unit, by means of visual detection, and at least one second detection module provided at the continuation of said first detection module and which can provide keeping of the items, which are not suitable to standard and which exist in hazelnut, by detecting said items by means of laser scanning.

Abstract: A light source (11) of a disguising mask detecting device (1) emits light at a person who is a subject. A camera (12) acquires images in multiple different wavelength ranges of reflected light of the light emitted at the person. A face detector (172) detects a face region of the person from the images acquired by the camera (12). A determiner (173) determines that the person is wearing a disguising mask when luminances of the face region in the images satisfy specific relations different from relations exhibited by skin.

Abstract: A light source (11) of a disguising mask detecting device (1) emits light at a person who is a subject. A camera (12) acquires images in multiple different wavelength ranges of reflected light of the light emitted at the person. A face detector (172) detects a face region of the person from the images acquired by the camera (12). A determiner (173) determines that the person is wearing a disguising mask when luminances of the face region in the images satisfy specific relations different from relations exhibited by skin.

Abstract: A solar powered smart window includes a light diffuser configured to convert an incident direct solar radiation to a diffusive light toward interior direction, a light diffuser positioner, a driving mechanism, a solar panel, and a control unit. The control unit moved the light diffuser from a predetermined opened position to a closed position and to hold the light diffuser at the closed position with latch mechanism, when the output power of the solar panel exceeds a threshold for over a duration time. The controller releases the latch mechanism and to cause the light diffuser to return to the predetermined opened position when the output power lowers below threshold for over the duration time. A method includes storing a predetermined condition, monitoring the output power, comparing the output power with the predetermined conditions, making decision whether a positional transition is necessary, and causing the transitional transition or maintaining current position.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing, transmitting and displaying data received from an analyte sensor, such as a glucose sensor, are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for transmitting data between a first communication device associated with an analyte sensor and a second communication device configured to provide user access to sensor-related information comprises activating a transceiver of a first communication device associated with an analyte sensor at a first time. The method also includes establishing a two-way communication channel with the second communication device. The activating comprises waking the transceiver from a low power sleep mode using a forced wakeup from the second communication device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems for distinguishing a nuisance gas from a target gas or group of target gases, which involve a configuration of a light source (120) and paper tape (110) such that light (112) emitted from the light source (120) can reflect off the paper tape (110). The light (112) can emit in at least three wavelengths selected from red, green, blue, and ultra-violet wavelengths, and pattern recognition can be used to identify and/or distinguish the nuisance gas from the target gas or from the group of target gases.

Abstract: This technology relates to a solid-state image sensor configured to make smaller the chip size of a CIS that uses an organic photoelectric conversion film, and to an electronic apparatus. A solid-state image sensor according to a first aspect of this technology is characterized in that it includes a first substrate and a second substrate stacked one on top of the other and a first organic photoelectric conversion film formed on the first substrate and that a latch circuit is formed on the second substrate. This technology may be applied to back-illuminated CISs, for example.

Abstract: An optical system includes an optical element and an optical filter with a first set of channels and a second set of channels respectively associated with a first region and a second region of the optical filter. The optical element causes first light beams and second light beams associated with a subject to respectively fall incident on the first region within a first incidence angle range and on the second region within a second incidence angle range. A first channel, of the first set of channels, passes, based on the first incidence angle range, a set of the first light beams that are associated with a first subrange of a particular wavelength range. A second channel, of the second set of channels, passes, based on the second incidence angle range, a set of the second light beams that are associated with a second subrange of the particular wavelength range.

Abstract: A monitoring device configured to be attached within a portion of an ear of a subject includes an elastomeric arm having opposite first and second end portions. A sensing element is located at the elastomeric arm second end portion and includes at least one energy emitter configured to direct energy at a target region of the ear and at least one detector configured to detect an energy response signal from the target region or a region adjacent the target region. The monitoring device is configured such that the elastomeric arm first end portion engages the ear at a first location within the ear and such that the elastomeric arm resiliently bends such that a surface of the sensing element is urged into contact with the ear at a second location within the ear.

Abstract: An optical device stack includes at least one of a photodetector or an optical emitter and a metasurface. The metasurface is disposed over a light-receiving surface of the photodetector or a light emission surface of the optical emitter. The metasurface includes a first conductive layer having an electrically-tunable optical property and an array of conductive nanostructures disposed on a first side of the first conductive layer. A second conductive layer is disposed on a second side of the first conductive layer. An electrical insulator is disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. A change in an electrical bias between the metasurface and the second conductive layer, from a first electrical bias to a second electrical bias, tunes the electrically-tunable optical property from a first state to a second state, and changes an electrically-tunable optical filtering property of the metasurface.

Abstract: A light source (11) of a disguising mask detecting device (1) emits light at a person who is a subject. A camera (12) acquires images in multiple different wavelength ranges of reflected light of the light emitted at the person. A face detector (172) detects a face region of the person from the images acquired by the camera (12). A determiner (173) determines that the person is wearing a disguising mask when luminances of the face region in the images satisfy specific relations different from relations exhibited by skin.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to irradiance sensing devices and methods. One such device includes a housing and an optical diffuser coupled to the housing. The housing has an opening that extends into the housing from an outer surface, and the opening has a circular shape at the outer surface of the housing. The optical diffuser has a first region that extends at least partially beyond the outer surface of the housing and a second region housed within the housing. The first region of the optical diffuser has a curved surface, and the optical diffuser includes a cavity extending at least partially into the second region.

Abstract: Process margin relaxation is provided in relation to a compensated-for process via a first optical device, fabricated to satisfy an operational specification when a compensated-for process is within a first tolerance range; a second optical device, fabricated to satisfy the operational specification when the compensated-for process is within second tolerance range, different than the first tolerance range; a first optical switch connected to an input and configured to output an optical signal received from the input to one of the first optical device and the second optical device; and a second optical switch configured to combine outputs from the first optical device and the second optical device.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to detecting an analyte in a medium. In certain aspects, the invention provides systems and methods for detecting an analyte in a medium comprising one or more light-emitting diodes, each operating at a single wavelength in a deep ultraviolet (UV) range for excitation of a target in a medium and a plurality of semiconductor photodetectors. The system is configured such that each semiconductor photodetector detects only a subset of emission from the excited analyte in the medium. In some examples, systems and methods of the invention comprise a light-emitting diode and a semiconductor photodetector for detection of the absence or presence of a non-specific contaminant.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to an image sensor. The image sensor includes a color filter array, a pixel array, and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The ADCs convert the analog pixel signal obtained by pixels corresponding to first color filters into a digital pixel signal based on a first bit precision and to convert the analog pixel signal obtained by pixels corresponding to second color filters and third color filters into a digital pixel signal based on a second bit precision. The second bit precision is lower than the first bit precision.

Abstract: A system for detecting objects in space comprises an array of satellite nodes. The array of satellite nodes comprise at least one transmitter module for transmitting an electromagnetic signal, and a plurality of receiver modules for receiving diffractions from electromagnetic waves scattered from objects in space. The system comprises a control module for focussing the plurality of receiver modules to receive diffractions from a focussed virtual aperture in space.

Abstract: An optical phase shifter may include a waveguide core that has a top surface, and a semiconductor contact that is laterally displaced relative to the waveguide core and is electrically connected to the waveguide core. A top surface of the semiconductor contact is above the top surface of the waveguide core. The waveguide core may include a p-type core region and an n-type core region. A p-type semiconductor region may be in physical contact with the n-type core region of the waveguide core, and an n-type semiconductor region may be in physical contact with the p-type core region of the waveguide core. A phase shifter region and a light-emitting region may be disposed at different depth levels, and the light-emitting region may emit light from a phase shifter region that is in a position adjacent to the light-emitting region.

Abstract: A laser processing system is equipped with a processing laser beam irradiation device configured to irradiate a processing object with processing laser beam and perform ablation processing. The laser processing system is configured to obtain an ablation image of a processed portion of the processing object based on scattered light from the processed portion during processing of the processing object with the processing laser beam and to estimate an ablation volume by applying a learning result obtained by deep learning of a relationship between the ablation image and the ablation volume to the obtained ablation image.

Abstract: Provided is an imaging apparatus including: a splitter that splits incident light into pieces of light of two or more wavelength bands; and two or more detectors that detect the pieces of light of two or more wavelength bands respectively and output signals from which wavelengths can be extracted tunably by post-processing.

Abstract: A spectrometer system comprises a housing provided with a window, an illumination source, a spectrometer and a standard for internal recalibration being disposed in said housing. Specific absorption bands of a filling gas present in the housing are identified in a reference spectrum, which was recorded using the standard, wherein a wavelength characterizing the relevant identified specific absorption band is measured in each case such that measured values are obtained for the wavelengths of the absorption bands. A test spectrum is recorded by the spectrometer using the standard. The specific absorption bands of the filling gas are identified in the test spectrum, wherein a wavelength characterizing the relevant identified specific absorption band is measured in each case such that measured values are obtained for the wavelengths of the specific absorption bands.

Abstract: A photodetector is realized which does not need an additional circuit for an inspection and may perform a characteristic evaluation inspection of optical input and electrical output such as optical sensitivity and OE characteristics of a photodetector alone with respect to wavelength and temperature dependent characteristics. A photodetector is provided in which light absorption layers are formed on a semiconductor substrate, the photodetector detects signal light incident on the light absorption layers from a direction in a substrate surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the light absorption layers have a portion not covered by an electrode for photocurrent detection connected with the light absorption layers in a case where the substrate surface of the semiconductor substrate is seen from a direction from an outside of the substrate surface.

Abstract: A combined enrichment and radioisotope production apparatus comprising an electron source arranged to provide an electron beam, the electron source comprising an electron injector and an accelerator, an undulator configured to generate a radiation beam using the electron beam, a molecular stream generator configured to provide a stream of molecules which is intersected by the radiation beam, a receptacle configured to receive molecules or ions selectively received from the stream of molecules, and a target support structure configured to hold a target upon which the electron beam is incident in use.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for measuring the magnetic field of an electromagnetic component having the steps of: instrumenting one or more portions of an electromagnetic component by placing an optical fiber in electromagnetic communication with the one or more portions of said electromagnetic component; energizing the electromagnetic component; interrogating the optical fiber using light and an optical detector; and determining changes in the magnetic field incident on the optical fiber based on the detected changes in the light received by the optical detector.

Abstract: A measuring instrument includes: a measure on which a code having color patterns is printed; a plurality of first readers that optically read colors of first ranges in first patterns corresponding to digits except a least significant digit among the color patterns, the first ranges in the first patterns being arranged in a second direction; and a plurality of second readers that optically read colors of second ranges in second patterns arranged in a first direction corresponding to patterns of the least significant digit among the color patterns, the second ranges being arranged in the first direction at an interval different from a width of the pattern in the first direction.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a supply channel through which a liquid to be supplied to a substrate flows; and a foreign substance detecting unit configured to detect a foreign substance in the liquid based on a signal obtained when light, which is near-infrared light, is radiated toward a flow path forming unit constituting a part of the supply channel by a light projector so that light is emitted from the flow path forming unit and a light receiver receives the light emitted from the flow path forming unit.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) object scanning method includes: controlling, when an invisible light source is off, a first camera device to capture a first image of the target object; and controlling, when the invisible light source is on, a second camera device to capture second images of the target object from a plurality of viewing angles. The target object is painted with invisible markers that are invisible to the first camera device when the invisible light source is off. The invisible markers are visible to the second camera device upon absorbing a light emitted by the invisible light source. The second images are used to determine 3D information of the target object.

Abstract: To provide an optical grain sorter that can reduce the proportion of non-defective grains blown off collaterally, and even in a case in which a plurality of defective grains or the like fall down in a state overlapping each other, can blow off all the defective grains or the like.

Abstract: A spectrometer for studying a sample comprises a light guide for receiving light from the sample. The received light is emitted by the light guide through an exit surface that is on a side of the light guide and extending in a longitudinal direction of the light guide. The light emitted through the exit surface is filtered by a linear variable filter having an array of bandpass filters extending alongside and adjacent the exit surface. The filtered light is detected by the photodetectors of a detector array disposed parallel to the linear variable filter, and signals of the photodetectors are analyzed to obtain a spectral distribution of the light from the sample.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for insuring the proper alignment of a detected vein pattern and a projected vein pattern are disclosed. The apparatus enhances the visual appearance of veins so that an error that can lead to improper patient care or injury can be avoided.

Abstract: An optical filter may include a first group of layers. The first group of layers may include alternating layers of a first dielectric material, of a group of dielectric materials, and a second dielectric material of the group of dielectric materials. The optical filter may include a second group of layers. The second group of layers may include alternating layers of a third dielectric material, of the group of dielectric materials, and a fourth dielectric material of the group of dielectric materials. The optical filter may include a third group of layers. The third group of layers may include alternating layers of a fifth dielectric material, of the group of dielectric materials, a sixth dielectric material, of the group of dielectric materials, and a metal material. The third group of layers may be disposed between the first group of layers and the second group of layers.

Abstract: A fingerprint identification module includes a lens, an optical sensor, and a light filtering component located between the lens and the optical sensor, where a thickness of an edge area of the light filtering component is greater than a thickness of a central area of the light filtering component, and a thickness of the light filtering component decreases gradually along a direction from the edge area to the central area.

Abstract: An analyzing apparatus extracts, from a food image, food information relating to types and served states of foods included in the food image and an edible portion of each food, calculates an area ratio between the edible portion of the same kind of food extracted from a plurality of food images acquired at different timings, stores conversion information for converting the area ratio into a volume ratio corresponding to each type and served state of food, and converts the area ratio of each food into a volume ratio using the stored conversion information corresponding to the food whose area ratio is to be converted from among the stored conversion information based on the food information.

Abstract: A plasma observation system includes a plasma processing apparatus which includes a processing container in which a substrate is processed with plasma, and a plurality of observation windows each capable of observing an emission state of the plasma in the processing container; and a measuring device including a light receiver configured to receive a plurality of light beams intersecting in the processing container through a plurality of observation windows, and a controller configured to specify an observation point of the plasma and determine a state of the plasma at the observation point based on the plurality of light beams received by the light receiver.

Abstract: A pixel array including; color filter array (CFA) cells, each respectively including CFA blocks, each CFA block including color pixels, and the color pixels include a sub-block. The sub-block includes at least one first color pixel sensing a first color, at least one second color pixel sensing a second color different from the first color, and at least one third color pixel sensing a third color different from the first color and the second color.

Abstract: Optical apparatus are disclosed, for use for example in glazing units for building or vehicles, in mirrors, or in low information displays such as signage or watches. In one arrangement, an optical apparatus comprises a plurality of optically switchable elements. Each optically switchable element comprises a portion of phase change material defining a pixel of the apparatus. Each pixel of phase change material is thermally switchable between a plurality of stable states having different refractive indices relative to each other. A plurality of switching elements are provided. Each switching element selectively causes heating in a corresponding one of the pixels of phase change material to perform thermal switching of the pixel of phase change material. Each pixel of phase change material has a length to width aspect ratio of at least 20:1.

Abstract: A light source (11) of a disguising mask detecting device (1) emits light at a person who is a subject. A camera (12) acquires images in multiple different wavelength ranges of reflected light of the light emitted at the person. A face detector (172) detects a face region of the person from the images acquired by the camera (12). A determiner (173) determines that the person is wearing a disguising mask when luminances of the face region in the images satisfy specific relations different from relations exhibited by skin.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging device and electronic equipment that enable improvement of image quality of a captured image. In the solid-state imaging device, two or more photoelectric conversion layers including a photoelectric converter and a charge detector are laminated. The solid-state imaging device is configured to include a state in which light having entered one pixel of a first photoelectric conversion layer closer to an optical lens is received by the photoelectric converter of a plurality of pixels of the second photoelectric conversion layer farther from the optical lens. The technology of the present disclosure can be applied to, for example, a solid-state imaging device that performs imaging.

Abstract: An optical system includes an optical element and an optical filter with a first set of channels and a second set of channels respectively associated with a first region and a second region of the optical filter. The optical element causes first light beams and second light beams associated with a subject to respectively fall incident on the first region within a first incidence angle range and on the second region within a second incidence angle range. A first channel, of the first set of channels, passes, based on the first incidence angle range, a set of the first light beams that are associated with a first subrange of a particular wavelength range. A second channel, of the second set of channels, passes, based on the second incidence angle range, a set of the second light beams that are associated with a second subrange of the particular wavelength range.

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices are for optical imaging are described. A system includes a light source and a light detection unit. The light source includes a light-emitting device and a first spectral filter opposite the light emitting device. The first spectral filter includes at least one dielectric filter and has a first angular dependence of a transmission passband. The light source further includes at least one reflector adjacent side surfaces of the light emitting device. The light detection unit includes an optical sensor and a second spectral filter opposite the optical sensor. The second spatial filter has a second angular dependence of a transmission passband that is matched to the first angular dependence.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for control of undesired vegetation. A renewable power source, tractor, and high intensity light source are provided and moved over an area of land. Exposure of unwanted vegetation to the high intensity light kills the unwanted vegetation.

Abstract: Pulsed fluorescence imaging in a light deficient environment is disclosed. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a controller configured to synchronize timing of the emitter and the image sensor. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 795 nm to about 815 nm.

Abstract: A method for displaying a modified phase mask on a spatial light modulator (SLM), including: modifying, by a processor, a phase mask by combining the phase mask with a virtual lens pattern, the virtual lens pattern having a focal length; displaying, by the SLM in communication with the processor, the modified phase mask on the SLM; and projecting, by a light source in communication with the processor, the light source through the SLM to form an intensity pattern at a distance from the SLM corresponding to the focal length of the virtual lens pattern, the intensity pattern being based on the phase mask.

Abstract: An image sensor is disclosed. The image sensor includes a pixel region and a shield region. The pixel region includes a first microlens array that includes microlenses arranged in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The shield region surrounds the pixel region and includes a second microlens array formed in a shape that is obtained when the first microlens array is rotated by a predetermined angle with respect to the first direction.

Abstract: An endoscope is provided that includes a first component, a second component, a light source, an image capturing element, and a light guide. The second component has a proximal end and a distal end with proximal end coupled to the first component. The light source is integrated in the first component and includes a laser and a converter. The laser emits primary light and the converter converts the primary light at least partially into secondary light that has a different wavelength. The image capturing element is arranged at the distal end. The light guide has an optical fiber that extends through the second component. The converter is coupled to the proximal end such that the primary and secondary light is injected into the optical fiber, is conducted from the proximal end to the distal end, and emitted at the distal end.