Abstract: A BEC-station and a cloud-based server cooperate to provide Bose-Einstein condensates as a service (BECaaS). The BEC station serves as a system for implementing “recipes” for producing, manipulating, and/or using cold (<1 mK) a BEC, e.g., of cold Rubidium 87 atoms. The cloud-based server acts as an interface between the station (or stations) and authorized users of account holders. To this end the server hosts an account manager and a session manager. The account manager manages accounts and associated account-based and user-specific permissions that define what actions any given authorized user for an account may perform with respect to a BEC station. The session manager controls (in some cases real-time) interactions between a user and a BEC station, some interactions allowing a user to select a recipe based on results returned earlier in the same session.

Abstract: In some variations, an interferometric frequency-reference apparatus comprises: an atom source configured to supply neutral atoms; a collimator configured to form a collimated beam of the neutral atoms; one or more probe lasers; and a Doppler laser configured to determine a ground-state population of the neutral atoms. Other variations provide a method of creating a stable frequency reference, comprising: forming a collimated beam of neutral atoms; illuminating the neutral atoms with first and second probe lasers; adjusting the frequencies of the first probe laser and second probe laser using Ramsey spectroscopy to an S?D transition of the neutral atoms; and determining a ground-state population of the neutral atoms with another laser. The interferometric frequency-reference apparatus may provide an optical frequency reference or a microwave frequency reference.

Abstract: An atomtronics station and a cloud-based server cooperate to provide Bose-Einstein condensates as a service (ATaaS). The atomtronics station serves as a system for implementing “recipes” for producing, manipulating, and/or using atomtronic devices based on cold atoms that are, in some respects, analogous to classical electronic devices based on electricity. The cloud-based server acts as an interface between the station (or stations) and authorized users of account holders. To this end the server hosts an account manager and a session manager. The account manager manages accounts and associated account-based and user-specific permissions that define what actions any given authorized user for an account may perform with respect to an atomtronics station. The session manager controls (in some cases, real-time) interactions between a user and an atomtronics station, some interactions allowing a user to select a recipe based on results returned earlier in the same session.

Abstract: An optical tweezer phonon laser system and method for modulating mechanical vibrations of an optically levitated mechanical oscillator to produce coherence is disclosed. A feedback loop is configured to simultaneously supply an electro-optic modulator with an amplification signal and a cooling signal representing an amplification force linear in the mechanical oscillator momentum and a cooling force nonlinear in the mechanical oscillator variable position and linear in the momentum, respectively controlling the intensity of a trap beam levitating the mechanical oscillator.

Abstract: Systems and methods utilizing successive, axially symmetric acceleration and adiabatic compression stages to heat and accelerate two compact tori towards each other and ultimately collide and compress the compact tori within a central chamber. Alternatively, systems and methods utilizing successive, axially asymmetric acceleration and adiabatic compression stages to heat and accelerate a first compact toroid towards and position within a central chamber and to heat and accelerate a second compact toroid towards the central chamber and ultimately collide and merge the first and second compact toroids and compress the compact merge tori within the central chamber.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to an electrode standoff isolator. An example electrode standoff isolator includes a plurality of adjacent insulative segments positioned between a proximal end and a distal end of the electrode standoff isolator. A geometry of the adjacent insulative is configured to guard a surface area of the electrode standoff isolator against deposition of a conductive layer of gaseous phase materials from a filament of an ion source.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to selecting a raster profile for scanning a proton beam across a target. A raster profile is selected from among the plurality of plurality of possible raster profiles based on a value of a figure of merit. A beam is directed across the target surface to form a pattern that is repeated one or more times at different radial orientations to form a scanning profile. A target temperature is monitored while scanning the beam across the target surface according to the scanning profile. The scanning parameters are changeable to avoid target damaging, to improve thermal performance and to optimize particle loading.

Abstract: A shaken-lattice station and a cloud-based server cooperate to provide shaken lattices as a service (SLaaS). The shaken-lattice station serves as a system for implementing “recipes” for creating and using shaking functions to be applied to light used to trap quantum particles. The cloud-based server acts as an interface between the shaken-lattice station (or stations) and authorized users of account holders. To this end the server hosts an account manager and a session manager. The account manager manages accounts and associated account-based and user-specific permissions that define what actions any given authorized user for an account may perform with respect to a shaken-lattice station. The session manager controls (e.g., in real-time) interactions between a user and a shaken-lattice station, some interactions allowing a user to select a recipe based on results returned earlier in the same session.

Abstract: In some variations, an interferometric frequency-reference apparatus comprises: an atom source configured to supply neutral atoms to be ionized; an ionizer configured to excite the neutral atoms to form ionized atoms; an ion collimator configured to form a collimated beam of the ionized atoms; probe lasers; and a Doppler laser configured to determine a ground-state population of the ionized atoms, wherein the atom source, the ionizer, and the ion collimator are disposed within a vacuum chamber. Other variations provide a method of creating a stable frequency reference, comprising: forming ionized atoms from an atomic vapor; forming a collimated beam of ionized atoms; illuminating ionized atoms with first and second probe lasers; adjusting the frequencies of the first probe and second probe lasers using Ramsey spectroscopy to an S?D transition of ionized atoms; and determining a ground-state population of the ionized atoms with another laser.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a substance comprising a direct analysis in real time apparatus; a neutral excluder; a mass spectrometer; and a vessel in. The apparatus may also comprise a separator, a gas, an alcohol, a filter, and a pump. The apparatus may also comprise electrodes in communication with the direct analysis in real time apparatus and the neutral excluder. A method for detecting a substance comprising contacting the substance with a direct analysis in real time apparatus ion stream; forming an ion and a neutral particle; flowing the ion and the neutral particle into a neutral excluder; contacting the ion and the neutral particle with a gas; and flowing the ion into a mass spectrometer.

Abstract: Proton conductive membrane includes a proton selective layer of 80-100% carbon with sp2 hybridization having a thickness of 0.3-100 nm, with 0-20% of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sp3 carbon; wherein the sp2 carbon is in a form of graphene-like material; the proton selective layer having a plurality of pores formed by any of 7, 8, 9 or 10 sp2 carbon cycles or a combination thereof, with the pores having an effective diameter of up to 0.6 nm; an ionomeric polymer layer on the proton selective layer. Total thickness of the proton conductive membrane is less than 50 microns. The ionomeric polymer is PFSA (perfluorinated sulfonic acid), PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) or PVA (poly vinyl alcohol) with iodide or bromide counterion dissolved inside. The graphene-like material is CVD graphene or reduced graphene oxide (rGO). A D to G Raman band ratio of the membrane is more than 0.1.

Abstract: The present application discloses a dead-zone-free cold atom interferometer with a high frequency output. The interferometer includes: a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap, wherein a predetermined angle is formed between the first group of light sources and an atomic beam path, the first group of optical stops are arranged at edges of the first group of light sources and downstream of the atomic beam path, the first group of optical stops block laser light emitted from the first group of light sources, the second group of light sources are orthogonally arranged with respect to the first group of light sources, the second group of optical stops are arranged at edges of the second group of light sources and downstream of the atomic beam path, and the second group of optical stops block laser light emitted from the second group of light sources.

Abstract: An atomic interferometer includes: an optical system including an optical modulating device that includes: an optical fiber for a first laser beam to propagate therein; and a frequency shifter connected to the optical fiber and configured to shift the frequency of the first laser beam, the optical system being configured to generate a moving standing light wave from counter-propagation of the first laser beam from the optical modulating device and a second laser beam; and an interference system for making an atomic beam interact with three or more moving standing light waves including the moving standing light wave.

Abstract: The invention discloses a physical system of strontium optical clock applied for space station, relating to the field of optical atomic clocks, comprising a special-shaped cavity and a MOT cavity. A Zeeman slower is arranged between the special-shaped cavity and the MOT cavity, and the special-shaped cavity and the MOT cavity are provided with a plurality of interfaces that communicate with their interiors; an internal heating atomic oven is arranged in the special-shaped cavity, and an anti-Helmholtz coil and a remanence compensation coil are arranged on the outer wall of the MOT cavity; the two cavities are both connected with a vacuum device for forming a vacuum, and both the special-shaped cavity and the MOT cavity are provided with optomechanical components. The system integrates the internal heating atomic oven in the special-shaped cavity to reduce the space occupied by the heating atomic oven.

Abstract: A magneto-optical trap apparatus includes a vacuum vessel for encapsulating an atom to be trapped, an anti-Helmholtz coil for applying a magnetic field to an inside of the vacuum vessel, a laser device for generating a laser beam, and an irradiation device for irradiating the generated laser beam from a plurality of directions. The laser beam includes a first laser beam detuned from a first resonance frequency when the atom transits from a total angular momentum quantum number F in a ground state to a total angular momentum quantum number F?=F+1 in an excited state, and a second laser beam detuned from a second resonance frequency when the atom transits from the total angular momentum quantum number F in the ground state to a total angular momentum quantum number F?=F?1 in the excited state, among transitions from J=0 in a ground state to J?=1 in an excited state.

Abstract: A vacuum cell is described. The vacuum cell includes an inner chamber, a buffer channel, and a buffer ion pump. The buffer channel is fluidically isolated from the inner chamber and fluidically isolated from an ambient external to the vacuum cell. The buffer ion pump is fluidically coupled to the buffer channel and fluidically isolated from the ambient and the inner chamber.

Abstract: Various disclosed embodiments include collimated beam atomic ovens, collimated atomic beam sources, methods of loading a source of atoms into an atomic oven, and methods of forming a collimated atomic beam. In some embodiments, an illustrative collimated beam atomic oven includes: a tube having a first portion and a second portion; a source of atoms disposed in the first portion of the tube; an aperture disposed in the second portion of the tube; a heater assembly disposable in thermal communication with the tube; and an openable seal disposed in the tube intermediate the source of atoms and the aperture.

Abstract: A single plane illumination microscope having an illumination optical system for illuminating a sample located on a sample carrier in a medium, and which is parallel to a planar reference surface. The sample is illuminated by a light sheet via an illumination light path. A detection optical system has a detection beam path. The optical axes of the illumination and detection optical systems each define an angle that is not equal to zero degrees along with the normal to the reference surface. A barrier layer system includes at least one layer of a given material having a given thickness and separates the medium from the illumination and detection optical systems. A base area of the barrier layer system is in contact with the region that is accessible for illumination and detection activities, said base area running parallel to the reference surface.

Abstract: The disclosure describes aspects of using multiple species in trapped-ion nodes for quantum networking. In an aspect, a quantum networking node is described that includes multiple memory qubits, each memory qubit being based on a 171Yb+ atomic ion, and one or more communication qubits, each communication qubit being based on a 138Ba+ atomic ion. The memory and communication qubits are part of a lattice in an atomic ion trap. In another aspect, a quantum computing system having a modular optical architecture is described that includes multiple quantum networking nodes, each quantum networking node including multiple memory qubits (e.g., based on a 171Yb+ atomic ion) and one or more communication qubits (e.g., based on a 138Ba+ atomic ion). The memory and communication qubits are part of a lattice in an atomic ion trap. The system further includes a photonic entangler coupled to each of the multiple quantum networking nodes.

Abstract: A method of performing a computation using a quantum computer includes generating a first laser pulse and a second laser pulse to cause entanglement interaction between a first trapped ion and a second trapped ion of a plurality of trapped ions that are aligned in a first direction, each of the plurality of trapped ions having two frequency- separated states defining a qubit, and applying the generated first laser pulse to the first trapped ion and the generated second laser pulse to the second trapped ion. Generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse includes stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in frequencies of collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for performing atomic layer etching. A method may include modifying one or more surface layers of material on the substrate and exposing the one or more modified surface layers on the substrate to an electron source thereby removing, without using a plasma, the one or more modified surface layers on the substrate. An apparatus may include a processing chamber, a process gas unit, an electron source, and a controller with instructions configured to cause the process gas unit to flow a first process gas to a substrate in a chamber interior, the first process gas is configured to modify one or more layers of material on the substrate, and to cause the electron source to generate electrons and expose the one or more modified surface layers on the substrate to the electrons, the one or more modified surface layers being removed, without using a plasma.

Abstract: A high-throughput optofluidic device for detecting fluorescent droplets is disclosed. The device uses time-domain encoded optofluidics to detect a high rate of droplets passing through parallel microfluidic channels. A light source modulated with a minimally correlating maximum length sequences is used to illuminate the droplets as they pass through the microfluidic device. By correlating the resulting signal with the expected pattern, each pattern formed by passing droplets can be resolved to identify individual droplets.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed for electro-optically inducing a force to fabricated samples and/or devices with laser light. The technique uses the interaction of the oscillating electric field of the laser beam in opposition with the electric field produced by an appropriate electric charge carrier to achieve a net repulsive (or attractive) force on the component holding the electric charge. In one embodiment, force is achieved when the field near the charge carrier is modulated at a subharmonic of the electric field oscillation frequency of the laser and the relative phases of the light field and electric charge carrier field are controlled to provide optimal repulsion/attraction. The effect is scalable by applying the technique to an array of charge carrier fields sequentially as well as using higher power lasers and higher carrier field voltages.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing a cooled atom beam suitable for use applications requiring cold atoms. A two-stage cooling process is employed in which the atoms in the atom beam are cooled in two, spatially separated regions of a cooling apparatus, wherein the atoms are first cooled in two dimensions by two counterpropagating laser beams under a magnetic field and then are cooled in three dimensions by means of an optical molasses, where the power, frequency, and magnetic fields are tuned to obtain a continuous beam of three-dimensionally cooled atoms having a controllable velocity distribution, very low decoherence, and low background atomic gas loss.

Abstract: A nuclear fuel includes a net neutron-producing material, a neutron-consuming material, and a neutron-moderating material. Upon exposure of the net-producing material, the neutron-moderating material, and the neutron-consuming material to a neutron source, a ratio of the net neutron-producing material to the neutron-consuming material and a ratio of the net neutron-producing material to the neutron moderating material are operable to convert neutrons into charged particles without producing net neutrons.

Abstract: An embodiment of an integrated atom chip used for measuring atoms is discussed. One or more magnetic traps integrated with an optical waveguide that is imprinted onto the integrated atom chip facilitate loading of the atoms into an evanescent field optical trap of the optical waveguide in order to measure the atoms. The two or more stages of cooling are used to progressively cool the atoms from an initial temperature down to a final temperature of the atoms when mode matched and loaded into the evanescent field optical trap of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A method of designing at least one coil for producing a magnetic field is disclosed. The method comprises: i) setting a performance target comprising: a target magnetic field, and at least two of a target power, a target resistance, a target size and/or weight, a target supply voltage or current, and a target inductance; ii) determining initial design parameters for the at least one coil; iii) modelling performance with the current design parameters to determine a simulated performance against each of the performance targets; iv) calculating a penalty function based on the difference between the simulated performance and the performance targets; v) modifying the design parameters in order to reduce the penalty function; vi) iterating steps iii) to v) until the penalty function or simulated performance has met an acceptance condition.

Abstract: An exposure device for recording a hologram. The exposure device includes at least one modulation unit, which is designed to generate a modulation beam representing a reference beam and/or an object beam by impressing a modulation representing at least one holographic element of the hologram onto a laser beam. The exposure device also includes at least one reduction unit, which is designed to generate a modified modulation beam using the modulation beam, the modified modulation beam having a smaller beam diameter than the modulation beam. The exposure device further includes at least one objective lens unit, which is designed to direct the modified modulation beam through an immersion medium onto a recording material in order to record the hologram by exposing the recording material to the modified modulation beam.

Abstract: A cable length calculation system (10) includes a controller (20) and a plurality of communication apparatuses (30) which are connected via a cable (40). A measurement master which is one communication apparatus (30) among the plurality of communication apparatuses (30) counts as a first number, the number of clock signals output by an oscillator from a time of transmitting a measurement packet until a time of receiving a response packet. A measurement slave which is a communication apparatus (30) different from the measurement master among the plurality of communication apparatuses (30) counts as a second number, the number of clock signals output by an oscillator from a time of receiving the measurement packet transmitted by the measurement master until a time of transmitting the response packet. The controller (20) calculates a length of the cable (40) between the measurement master and the measurement slave based on the first number and the second number.

Abstract: A method of performing a computation using a quantum computer includes generating a first laser pulse and a second laser pulse to cause entanglement interaction between a first trapped ion and a second trapped ion of a plurality of trapped ions that are aligned in a first direction, each of the plurality of trapped ions having two frequency-separated states defining a qubit, and applying the generated first laser pulse to the first trapped ion and the generated second laser pulse to the second trapped ion. Generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse includes stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in frequencies of collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A magneto-optical trap chamber includes a first waveplate; a second waveplate; a first mirror positioned between the first waveplate and the second waveplate; a prism extending from the first mirror and positioned between the first waveplate and the second waveplate; and a second mirror positioned under the first waveplate, the second waveplate, the first mirror, and the prism. The second mirror may include a direct bonded copper (DBC) chip. The first waveplate and the second waveplate may be parallel to each other. The first mirror may be orthogonal to each of the first waveplate and the second waveplate. The prism may have a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is connected to the first mirror, and the second end is connected to the second mirror. The prism may extend from the first mirror to the second mirror at an acute angle.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of manipulating particles on solid substrates via optothermally-gated photon nudging.

Abstract: The present application discloses a control method for fast trapping and high-frequency mutual ejection of cold atom groups. The control method includes: arranging three groups of optical stops on three groups of light sources (splitters) in three-dimensional magneto-optical traps, to form a shaded regions; ejecting a cold atom group from the first three-dimensional magneto-optical trap along a movement trajectory to the second three-dimensional magneto-optical trap, where the movement trajectory passes through the shaded regions of the two three-dimensional magneto-optical traps; and, when it is determined that the cold atom group enters the shaded region of the first three-dimensional magneto-optical trap, trapping a next cold atom group by turning on three-dimensional cooling light and three-dimensional repumping light in the first three-dimensional magneto-optical trap.

Abstract: A cold-quanta station and a cloud-based server cooperate to provide cold quanta as a service (CQaaS). The cold-quanta station serves as a system for implementing “recipes” for producing, manipulating, and/or using cold (<1 mK) monatomic or polyatomic molecules, e.g., cold Rubidium 87 atoms. The cloud-based server acts as an interface between the station (or stations) and authorized users of account holders. To this end the server hosts an account manager and a session manager. The account manager manages accounts and associated account-based and user-specific permissions that define what actions any given authorized user for an account may perform with respect to a quantum-mechanics station. The session manager controls (in some cases real-time) interactions between a user and a quantum-mechanics station, some interactions allowing a user to select a recipe based on results returned earlier in the same session.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system and method for continuously supplying negative ions using multi-pulsed plasma sources. The system includes a plurality of plasma generators each to generate plasma by applying pulsed power to the electronegative gas from a gas source; a negative ion supply unit connected to the plasma generators to receive the plasmas transferred therefrom and to continuously supply ions; and a controller connected to the plurality of plasma generators and configured to control characteristics of the pulsed powers delivered to the respective plasma generators and to adjust phase shift associated with the pulsed power envelopes. By adjusting the phase shift, the controller enables a plasma in one of the plasma generators to be in an after-glow state when a plasma in another plasma generator is in an active-glow state.

Abstract: Disclosed is an atomic interferometer including a source of atoms, a laser source and a magnetic field generating device, a polarizer, a system for adjusting a detuning between two optical frequencies of the incident laser beam, a two-dimensional diffraction grating arranged in such a way as to receive the incident laser beam and to form by diffraction at least three diffracted beams, a controller configured to select a combination of an optical frequency detuning, a polarization state and a magnetic field, the combination being adapted to select a first pair of laser beams among the pairs of beams formed from the incident laser beam and the diffracted beams, the pair of laser beams being applied in such a way as to interact with the cloud of atoms by multi-photon transitions and to detect an acceleration of the cloud of atoms along a measurement direction.

Abstract: Provided is a quantum sensor based on a rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal, having: a rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal; a low temperature providing unit, which provides a low temperature operating environment to the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal; a constant magnetic field generation unit, which applies a constant magnetic field to the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal; a light field generation unit, which provides a light field performing optical pumping on the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal to prepare the rare-earth-ions in an initial spin state, and a light field for exciting Raman scattering of the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal; a pulsed magnetic field generation unit, which applies a pulsed magnetic field perpendicular to the constant magnetic field to the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal to make the rare-earth-ion doped optical crystal generate a spin echo; and a heterodyne Raman scattering light field detection and analysis unit, which detects and analyzes a Raman scatte

Abstract: An optical pattern generation device includes: a first laser light source for emitting first laser light; a first diffractive optical element for changing a phase of the first laser light depending on a position on a plane perpendicular to a propagating direction of the first laser light, and emitting laser light having a phase distribution; a second diffractive optical element for changing a phase of incident laser light depending on a position on a plane perpendicular to a propagating direction of the incident laser light, and emitting laser light for forming an optical pattern; and a transfer optical system disposed between the first and second diffractive optical elements, for transferring the phase distribution of the laser light emitted from the first diffractive optical element to a phase distribution of laser light incident on the second diffractive optical element.

Abstract: The invention relates to coherent single photon sources that provide photons with a high degree of indistinguishability. It is a disadvantage of single photon sources based on QDs in nanophotonic structures that, even at low temperatures, acoustic vibrations interact with the QDs to reduce the coherence of the emitted spectrum. The invention uses mechanical clamping of the nanostructure to damp vibrations leading to a weaker QD—phonon coupling and a higher degree of indistinguishability between successively emitted photons. The clamp is mechanically connected to the length of the photonic nanostructure and has a stiffness and a size sufficient to suppress low frequency vibrations (??10 GHz) in a combined structure of the clamp and the nanostructure.

Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of alarm sounding component, and relates to state detection of an alarm sounding component. The invention provides a state detection device of an alarm sounding component, comprising: a detection circuit for applying a detection signal to control detection of an equivalent load capacitor of the alarm sounding component that is capacitive; a sampling circuit for sampling feedback information of the equivalent load capacitor of the alarm sounding component when a signal of the detection signal is applied to the alarm sounding component to obtain a sampled signal; and a controller for generating the detection signal, and analyzing and processing the sampled signal to obtain state information which can reflect a fault condition of the alarm sounding component.

Abstract: A uniaxial counter-propagating monolaser atom trap cools and traps atoms with a single a laser beam and includes: an atom slower that slows atoms to form slowed atoms; an optical diffractor including: a first diffraction grating that receives primary light and produces first reflected light; a second diffraction grating that receives primary light and produces second reflected light; and a third diffraction grating that receives the primary light and produces third reflected light; and a trapping region that forms trap light from the reflected lights and receives slowed atoms to produce trapped atoms from the slowed atoms that interact with the trap light.

Abstract: Atom-scale particles, e.g., neutral and charged atoms and molecules, are pre-cooled, e.g., using magneto-optical traps (MOTs), to below 100 ?K to yield cold particles. The cold particles are transported to a sensor cell which cools the cold particles to below 1 ?K using an optical trap; these particles are stored in a reservoir within an optical trap within the sensor cell so that they are readily available to replenish a sensor population of particles in quantum superposition. A baffle is disposed between the MOTs and the sensor cell to prevent near-resonant light leaking from the MOTs from entering the sensor cell (and exciting the ultra-cold particles in the reservoir). The transporting from the MOTs to the sensor cell is effected by moving optical fringes of optical lattices and guiding the cold particles attached to the fringes along a meandering path through the baffle and into the sensor cell.

Abstract: An apparatus for coating at least a first plurality of articles each article thereof having at least a first surface to be coated is disclosed. The apparatus includes an emission source for directing emission elements towards the first surfaces of the plurality of articles, at least one support member for supporting the first plurality of articles, wherein support member supports the first plurality of articles such that the first surface is exposed to the path of emission from said emission source, and a drive assembly for moving the support member such that the first plurality of articles is moveable with respect to the path of emission from said emission source.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a plurality of semiconductor wafers, the apparatus including a spallation chamber, a neutron producing material mounted in the spallation chamber, a neutron moderator, and an irradiation chamber coupled to the spallation chamber, wherein the neutron moderator is disposed between the spallation chamber and the irradiation chamber, wherein the irradiation chamber is configured to accommodate the plurality of semiconductor wafers, wherein each of the plurality of semiconductor wafers has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the plurality of semiconductor wafers are positioned so that a first surface of one semiconductor wafer faces a second surface of another semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: Plasma processing systems and methods are provided. In one example, a system includes a processing chamber having a workpiece support. The workpiece is configured to support a workpiece. The system includes a plasma source configured to induce a plasma from a process gas in a plasma chamber to generate one or more species of negative ions. The system includes a grid structure configured to accelerate the one or more negative ions towards the workpiece. The grid structure can include a first grid plate, a second grid plate, and one or more magnetic elements positioned between the first grid plate and second grid plate to reduce electrons accelerated through the first grid plate. The system can include a neutralizer cell disposed downstream of the grid structure configured to detach extra electrons from ions of the one or more species of negative ions to generate energetic neutral species for processing the workpiece.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed for electro-optically inducing a force to fabricated samples and/or devices with laser light. The technique uses the interaction of the oscillating electric field of the laser beam in opposition with the electric field produced by an appropriate electric charge carrier to achieve a net repulsive (or attractive) force on the component holding the electric charge. In one embodiment, force is achieved when the field near the charge carrier is modulated at a subharmonic of the electric field oscillation frequency of the laser and the relative phases of the light field and electric charge carrier field are controlled to provide optimal repulsion/attraction. The effect is scalable by applying the technique to an array of charge carrier fields sequentially as well as using higher power lasers and higher carrier field voltages.

Abstract: Provided herein are neutron-based detection systems and methods that provide, for example, high throughput analysis of elemental analysis of scrap materials. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale evaluation of bulk process materials where hazardous or otherwise undesirable materials or high value materials may be interspersed with the primary process material. In certain embodiments, the system is used to detect and potentially remove unexploded ordinance (UXO) from a conveyor of demilitarized shell casings being recycled by detecting the presence of nitrogen and other elements present in the UXO. In other embodiments, the system detects and removes unwanted or highly valuable materials from a stream of scrap material.

Abstract: A method determines a total velocity average cross-section parameter ?tot? in a relationship of the form ?loss(U)=nb?tot?·ƒ(U, Ud), where: ?loss(U) is a rate of exponential loss of sensor atoms from a cold atom sensor trap of trap depth potential energy U in a vacuum environment due to collisions with residual particles in the vacuum environment; nb is a number density of residual particles in the vacuum environment; Ud is a parameter given by U d = 2 ? k B ? T / m bg ? 4 ? ? ? ? ? 2 m t ? ? ? tot ? v ? which relates the masses of the sensor atoms mt and residual particles mbg to the total velocity average cross-section parameter ?tot?; and ƒ(U, Ud) is a function of the trap depth potential energy U and the parameter Ud which models a naturally occurring dependence of the loss rate ?loss(U) on the trap depth potential energy U and the parameter Ud, where ƒ(U=0, Ud) is unity for all Ud.

Abstract: In a general aspect, a collimator system is described. In some aspects, a neutron beam collimation method includes receiving a neutron beam from a neutron source; polarizing the neutron beam using a polarizer, and obtaining a collimated neutron beam from the polarized neutron beam. The neutron beam generated by the neutron source has a first beam divergence and includes a plurality of neutrons. The collimated neutron beam has a second beam divergence that is less than the first beam divergence. Obtaining the collimated neutron beam includes mapping transverse momentum of each respective neutron, of the plurality of neutrons, onto a polarization degree of freedom of the respective neutron by applying a sequence of phase shift gradients to the polarized neutron beam, and after applying the sequence of phase shift gradients, passing the polarized neutron beam through an analyzer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid inertial measurement system including a cold atom interferometric inertial sensor having a laser source generating a sequence of laser pulses towards a cold atom burst and a conventional inertial sensor attached to the inertial reference frame of the interferometric inertial sensor. The hybrid system includes a signal processing system suitable for receiving an inertial measurement signal from the conventional inertial sensor and for generating in real time a non-linear frequency modulation signal, the feedback loop electronic system being configured to modulate in real time the central optical frequency of the laser according to the modulation signal, such that the cold atom interferometric inertial sensor generates a first hybrid inertial measurement signal by atomic interferometry corrected for the relative movements of the inertial reference frame.