Abstract: A transparent constraint apparatus for the normal deformation of a planar model, including rigid transparent retainer plates, a planar model, and magnetic force components. The magnetic force components are provided at edge positions of the rigid transparent retainer plates; the normal direction of the planar model is parallel to the normal direction of the two rigid transparent retainer plates, and said two retainer plates are symmetrically arranged relative to the plane of symmetry of the planar model; the magnetic force components are symmetrically arranged relative to the plane of symmetry of the planar model, mutually symmetrical magnetic force components producing mutually attractive magnetic force. The transparent constraint apparatus solves the problem of constraining the normal deformation of a planar model under planar-strain conditions during testing.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes a light source; an atomic cell in which alkali metal atoms are contained and on which light that is emitted from the light source is incident; a first coil that applies a magnetic field to the atomic cell; a first shield that contains the atomic cell and the first coil and shields a magnetic field; a second shield that includes a first member having a recess and a second member, containing the light source and the first shield in a space which is formed by the first member and the second member, and the second shield shields the magnetic field; and a second coil that generates a magnetic field passing through an opening of the recess.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for carrying out light-sheet microscopy including: an injector; an immersion chamber; a guide arranged to guide a light beam from the injector and as far as into the immersion chamber along a guiding optical path; a shaper arranged to shape the light beam so as to give it a shape that is elongate along one spatial dimension so as to create a light sheet in a sheet plane located in the immersion chamber; and an objective. The shaper is located along the guiding optical path between the injector and the immersion chamber, and are located between a first plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the objective and passing through the aperture of the immersion chamber and a second plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the objective and located beyond the distal end of the objective relative to the first plane.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing a silicon carbide based on microwave plasma at an AC voltage, including: step one, providing a silicon carbide substrate, and placing the silicon carbide substrate in a microwave plasma generating device; step two, introducing oxygen-containing gas to generate oxygen plasma at an AC voltage; step three, controlling movements of oxygen ions and electrons in the oxygen plasma by the AC voltage to generate an oxide layer having a predetermined thickness on the silicon carbide substrate, wherein when a voltage of the silicon carbide substrate is negative, the oxygen ions move close to an interface and perform an oxidation reaction with the silicon carbide, and when the voltage of the silicon carbide substrate is positive, the electrons move close to the interface and perform a reduction reaction with the silicon carbide, removing carbon residue; step four, stopping the introduction of oxygen-containing gas and the reaction completely.

Abstract: A method of processing a trench, via, hole, recess, void, or other feature that extends a depth into a substrate to a base or bottom and has an opening with high aspect ratio (into depth from opening to base or bottom divided by minimum space of the trench therebetween) by irradiation with an accelerated neutral beam derived from an accelerated gas cluster ion beam for processing materials at the base or bottom of the opening.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new classification of Turbine Prime Mover, capable of producing high magnitudes of rotational speed, potential rotating energy and power production. The invention is a rotating machine adapted to be propelled by the net force created by asymmetric radio frequency resonant cavities (7). The turbine employs thrusters (7) electrically driven by microwave signals produced from adapted Klystron Tubes (3). By optimizing microwave production, and thruster pressures via the internal radio frequency cavity resonance, power in the field of the thruster by wave tube amplification, internal reflectivity and cooling, the principles of rotor-dynamics are applied to produce a new class of energy storage machine. Low power inputs yield high energy magnitudes over time accumulated thruster operation in the rotor. The turbine rotor is capable of acting as a prime mover for energy injection into a rotor mass, or can create real work by outputting rotational energy into torque.

Abstract: An ion-based atomic clock includes an ion trap, a cooling laser, a re-pumping source and a frequency comb source. The ion trap can trap a plurality of Ra+ ions generated by an ion generator. The cooling laser can facilitate trapping of the plurality of Ra+ ions within the ion trap and populate excited state levels in the trapped Ra+ ions. The re-pumping source can trigger decaying of the excited state levels to a first metastable level. The frequency comb source can directly drive a multi-terahertz (multi-THz) clock transition between the first metastable level and a second metastable level in the trapped Ra+ ions. A signal derived from the population remaining in the first metastable level following the driving of the clock transition can be used to guide the repetition rate of the frequency comb source to an accurate frequency related to the clock transition frequency.

Abstract: A system for determining various parameters of an ion beam is disclosed. A test workpiece may be modified to incorporate a detection pattern. The detection pattern may be configured to measure the height of the ion beam, the uniformity of the ion beam, or the central angle of the ion beam. In certain embodiments, the amount of current striking the detection pattern may be measured using an optical emission spectrometer (OES) system. In other embodiments, a power supply used to bias the workpiece may be used to measure the amount of current striking the detection pattern. Alternative, the detection patterns may be incorporated into the workpiece holder.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein includes a method of generating a collimated electromagnetic emission. The method includes producing an excitation in a sample of multiple particles by vibrationally stimulating the sample thereby transitioning each particle of at least a quantity of the multiple particles from a lower first energy state to a higher second energy state. The method also includes generating a collimated electromagnetic emission by de-excitation of at least a portion of the quantity of the multiple particles. A related apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A method for single or multiply charged ion implantation into a surface of a treated object, and a device for implementing the implantation method, the method including: directing towards the surface of the treated object an ion beam produced by an ion source of the electronic cyclotron resonance type; producing at least one primary electron beam and directing the primary electron beam so that it passes through the ion beam; and producing a secondary electron beam by reflecting the primary electron beam onto a target once the primary electron beam has traversed the ion beam, the target being oriented such that the secondary electron beam falls onto the surface of the treated object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a two-dimensional magnetic-optical trap system using frequency and phase modulation with an arbitrary waveform, including: a glass cell; a coil set; and a light source module, wherein the laser source module includes: a cooling laser; a re-pumping laser; a first acousto-optic modulator; a second acousto-optic modulator; and an electro-optical modulator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrophoretic fluid which comprises additive particles. The concentration of the additive particles in the electrophoretic fluid does not exceed 25% by weight and the additive particles are not seen at the viewing side during operation of the display. The resulting fluid can improve optical performance of a display device, such as image stability and contrast ratio. The present invention is also directed to an electrophoretic display comprising the electrophoretic fluid.

Abstract: An optical biomodule for detecting a disease specific biomarker(s), utilizing enhanced fluorescence emission (due to integration of a three-dimensional (3-D) protruded structure (s)) in a fluidic container/zero-mode waveguide, upon chemical binding of a disease specific biomarker(s) with its corresponding disease specific biomarker binder(s) (e.g., an aptamer(s)) is disclosed.

Abstract: A three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D GMOT) configured to trap a cold-atom cloud is disclosed. The 3D GMOT includes a single input light beam having its direction along a first axis, an area along a second and third axis that are both normal to the first axis, and a substantially flat input light beam intensity profile extending across its area. The 3D GMOT may also include a circular, diffraction-grating surface positioned normal to the first axis and having closely adjacent grooves arranged concentrically around a gap formed in its center. The circular, diffraction-grating surface is configured to diffract first-order light beams that intersect within an intersection region that lies directly above the gap and suppresses reflections and diffractions of all other orders. The 3D GMOT may further include a quadrupole magnetic field with its magnitude being zero within the intersection region.

Abstract: Provided herein are approaches for in-situ plasma cleaning of one or more components of an ion implantation system. In one approach, the component may include a beam-line component having one or more conductive beam optics. The system further includes a power supply for supplying a first voltage and first current to the component during a processing mode and a second voltage and second current to the component during a cleaning mode. The second voltage and current may be applied to the conductive beam optics of the component, in parallel, to selectively (e.g., individually) generate plasma around one or more of the one or more conductive beam optics. The system may further include a flow controller for adjusting an injection rate of an etchant gas supplied to the component, and a vacuum pump for adjusting pressure of an environment of the component.

Abstract: A plasma processing device includes a stage, a cluster generation machine, and a plasma generation machine. The stage is disposed in a processing chamber. The stage may support a substrate. The cluster generation machine generates cluster gas by clustering process gas. The plasma generation machine generates plasma of at least one of the process gas and the cluster gas in the processing chamber. The plasma generation machine processes the substrate using the generated plasma.

Abstract: An apparatus for trapping and sensing nanoparticles using plasmonic nanopores, comprising a conductive transparent layer, a conductive film layer mounted to a substrate, the film layer comprising a plurality of nanopores for trapping nanoparticles contained in a fluid situated between the conductive transparent layer and the conductive film layer, and an electric field source connected between the transparent layer and the film layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microcomplex containing a modified nanoparticle adsorbed on a host microparticle and to a process to obtain it. The microcomplex is particularly useful for photoepilation. The present invention also relates to a composition containing the microcomplex and to the method for enhanced photoepilation based on the microcomplexes.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided that combine an amplitude modulation SLM with a phase modulating SLM in the same optical illumination system. The combination of the amplitude modulation SLM and the phase modulation SLM allows the optical illumination to compensate for the limitations of amplitude modulation SLM by using phase modulating SLM and conversely to compensate for the limitations of phase modulation SLM by using amplitude modulating SLM.

Abstract: A muon detector system capable of determining muon direction and flight trajectory or path is disclosed. The muon detector system includes scintillators for determining muon direction, and an array of muon detectors arranged in orthogonal layers for determining flight trajectory. The system can be used for tomographic and telescopic mode imaging, and may be used for imaging concealed and/or subterranean objects.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for characterizing composite materials for manufacturing quality assurance (QA), periodic inspection during the useful life, or for forensic analysis/material testing. System are provided that relate eddy-current sensor responses to the fiber layup of a composite structure, the presence of impact damage on a composite structure with or without a metal liner, volumetric stress within the composite, fiber tow density, and other NDE inspection requirements. Also provided are systems that determine electromagnetic material properties and material dimensions of composite materials from capacitive sensor inspection measurements. These properties are related to the presence of buried defects in non-conductive composite materials, moisture ingress, aging of the material due to service or environmental/thermal exposure, or changes in manufacturing quality.

Abstract: A system for an atomic interferometer includes a laser control system and a feedback control system. The laser control system controls a first pointing angle of a first interrogating laser beam. The first interrogating laser beam and a second interrogating laser beam interrogate a pair of almost counter-propagating laser cooled atomic ensembles. The feedback control system adjusts the first pointing angle based at least in part on an inertial measurement using the atomic interferometer to bias an output of the atomic interferometer to compensate for the effects of rotations. The pointing angle of the laser beam, which is linearly related to a frequency used to drive an acousto-optic deflector, is linearly related to the rotation rate of the sensor.

Abstract: Provided herein are approaches for in-situ plasma cleaning of one or more components of an ion implantation system. In one approach, the component may include a beam-line component, such as an energy purity module, having a plurality of conductive beam optics contained therein. The system further includes a power supply system for supplying a voltage and a current to the beam-line component during a cleaning mode, wherein the power supply system may include a first power plug coupled to a first subset of the plurality of conductive beam optics and a second power plug coupled to a second subset of the plurality of conductive beam optics. During a cleaning mode, the voltage and current may be simultaneously supplied and split between each of the first and second power plugs.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and products thereof provide an accelerated neutral beam derived from an accelerated gas cluster ion beam for processing materials.

Abstract: A new projector design combines one spatial light modulator that affects only the phase of the illumination, and one spatial light modulator that only affects its amplitude (intensity). The phase-only modulator curves the wavefront of light and acts as a pre-modulator for a conventional amplitude modulator. This approach works with both white light and laser illumination, generating a coarse image representation efficiently, thus enabling, within a single image frame, significantly elevated highlights as well as darker black levels while reducing the overall light source power requirements.

Abstract: A device for generating thrust using the dynamic Casimir effect comprising: an epitaxial stack of closely spaced parallel semiconductor laminae; and a voltage source; wherein each said semiconductor lamina is connected to said voltage source such that said voltage source can apply voltage to each semiconductor lamina.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, a system that can include a coupler having a structure that facilitates guiding electromagnetic waves along a transmission medium without requiring an electrical return path, and a suppressor coupled to an inner surface of the structure that facilitates at least a reduction in a flow of an electrical current from the inner surface of the structure to an outer surface of the structure. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A gravity-based light pressure calibrating device includes a vacuum chamber, a calibration platform, and laser emitters and laser beam expanders, laser beam expanders changing a point light source to an area light source.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical device, in particular a non-volatile memory module or a relay, comprising: a mobile body including a top region and a bottom region; top electrodes facing the top region; and bottom electrodes, facing the bottom region. The mobile body is, in a resting condition, at a distance from the electrodes. The latter can be biased for generating a movement of the mobile body for causing a direct contact of the top region with the top electrodes and, in a different operating condition, a direct contact of the bottom region with the bottom electrodes. In the absence of biasing, molecular-attraction forces maintain in stable mutual contact the top region and the top electrodes or, alternatively, the bottom region and the bottom electrodes.

Abstract: A non-resonance photo-neutralizer for negative ion-based neutral beam injectors. The non-resonance photo-neutralizer utilizes a nonresonant photon accumulation, wherein the path of a photon becomes tangled and trapped in a certain space region, i.e., the photon trap. The trap is preferably formed by two smooth mirror surfaces facing each other with at least one of the mirrors being concave. In its simplest form, the trap is elliptical. A confinement region is a region near a family of normals, which are common to both mirror surfaces. The photons with a sufficiently small angle of deviation from the nearest common normal are confined. Depending on specific conditions, the shape of the mirror surface may be one of spherical, elliptical, cylindrical, or toroidal geometry, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Target assembly for an isotope production system. The target assembly includes a target body having a production chamber and a beam cavity that is adjacent to the production chamber. The production chamber is configured to hold a target material. The beam cavity opens to an exterior of the target body and is configured to receive a particle beam that is incident on the production chamber. The target assembly also includes a target sheet positioned to separate the beam cavity and the production chamber. The target sheet has a side that is exposed to the production chamber such that the target sheet is in contact with the target material during isotope production. The target sheet includes graphene.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed for electro-optically inducing a force to fabricated samples and/or devices with laser light. The technique uses the interaction of the oscillating electric field of the laser beam in opposition with the electric field produced by an appropriate electric charge carrier to achieve a net repulsive (or attractive) force on the component holding the electric charge. In one embodiment, force is achieved when the field near the charge carrier is modulated at a subharmonic of the electric field oscillation frequency of the laser and the relative phases of the light field and electric charge carrier field are controlled to provide optimal repulsion/attraction. The effect is scalable by applying the technique to an array of charge carrier fields sequentially as well as using higher power lasers and higher carrier field voltages.

Abstract: A hologram system may include a hologram chip comprising a wafer substrate having a first plurality of conductive pads on a hologram surface region connected to a second plurality of conductive pads on an interconnect surface region. The hologram chip may also include an array of sub-wavelength hologram elements integrated with a refractive index tunable core material on the hologram region of the wafer substrate. The hologram system may also include a control circuit chip having a third plurality of conductive pads connected to the second plurality of conductive pads on the interconnect region of the wafer substrate. The interconnect region is on the same side of the wafer substrate as the hologram region. The first plurality of conductive pads is directly connected to the array of sub-wavelength hologram elements.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus that provide for inertial sensing. In one example, a method for inertial sensing includes trapping and cooling a cloud of atoms, applying a first beam splitter pulse sequence to the cloud of atoms, applying one or more augmentation pulses to the cloud of atoms subsequent to applying the first beam splitter pulse sequence, applying a mirror sequence to the cloud of atoms, applying a one or more augmentation pulses to the cloud of atoms subsequent to applying the mirror sequence, applying a second beam splitter pulse sequence to the cloud of atoms subsequent to applying the second augmentation pulse, modulating at least one of a phase and an intensity of at least one of the first and the second beam splitter pulse sequences, performing at least one measurement on the cloud of atoms, and generating a control signal based on the at least one measurement.

Abstract: Maximally entangled particle groups, organized into defined, shaped pulses, and patterns made up of these shaped pulses are described. Using the system and method of the present disclosure, a first group of maximally entangled particles is maximally entangled with another, second group of maximally entangled particles forming at least two groups of maximally entangled particles. These two groups are maximally entangled inter-group and maximally entangled intra-group. These groups can be manipulated in a quantum device to provide virtually error free logic in a quantum computing device, as compared to single particle manipulation, which suffers from data loss and decoherence.

Abstract: A temporally continuous matter wave beam splitter (14) comprising a plurality of intersecting and interfering laser beam (kr, kb), which act as waveguides for a matter wave beam. The laser beams of the waveguides each have a frequency detuned below a frequency of an internal atomic transition of the matter wave. The matter wave has a wavevector which is an integral multiple of the wavevector of the laser beams within a region of intersection of the laser beams. There is also provided an atomic interferometer (200) comprising such a continuous matter wave beam splitter, and a solid state device comprising such a continuous matter wave beam splitter, which may be part of an atomic interferometer. A cold atom gyroscope, a cold atom accelerometer or a cold atom gravimeter comprising such a solid state device are also provided. There is further provided a quantum computer comprising such a solid state device, wherein atoms of the matter wave beam are in an entangled quantum state.

Abstract: An atom interferometer device for inertial sensing includes one or more thermal atomic sources, a state preparation laser, a set of lasers, and a detection laser. The one or more thermal atomic sources provide one or more atomic beams. A state preparation laser is disposed to provide a state preparation laser beam nominally perpendicular to each of the one or more atomic beams. A set of lasers is disposed to provide interrogation laser beams that interrogate the one or more atomic beams to assist in generating atom interference. A detection laser is disposed to provide a detection laser beam, which is angled at a first angle to the each of the one or more atomic beams in order to enhance the dynamic range of the device by enabling velocity selectivity of atoms used in detecting the atom interference.

Abstract: A device includes a collimated light source operable to generate a collimated light source beam, which includes a beam direction. The device includes a first channel in a first plane and a second channel in a second plane different from the first plane. The second channel communicates with the first channel and includes a flow direction. The second channel is oriented to receive the collimated light source beam. The device includes a third channel in a third plane different from the second plane and communicates with the second channel. The collimated light source beam is oriented to enter a cross-section of the first channel, then to pass through the second channel, and then to enter a cross-section of the third channel such that the beam direction is opposite to the flow direction in the second channel. The device includes a focused particle stream nozzle operably connected to the first channel.

Abstract: A two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D GMOT) that is configured to produce a cold-atom beam exiting the 2D GMOT is disclosed. In embodiments, the 2D GMOT is configured to feed a three-dimensional GMOT with the cold atom beam. In embodiments, the 2D GMOT includes an input light beam having its direction along a first axis, its width along a second axis, normal to the first axis, and a substantially flat input light beam intensity profile. 2D GMOT may further includes a quadrupole magnetic field with its magnitude being zero along a third axis that is centered at the center of the input light beam's width. The 2D GMOT may also include a diffraction-grating surface positioned normal to the first axis, composed of closely adjacent parallel grooves spread across the width and run parallel to the third axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biological material molecular analysis device characterized in that it includes:—a laser (34) optionally using an optical parametric oscillator (OPO), configured to emit a wavelength between 2.5 ym and 12 put, said configured laser (34) being intended to ablate said biological material by ejecting charged and/or uncharged particles;—a mass spectrometer (31); and—a probe (S, 10) comprising at least one first analysis fiber (A, 14), connected to the laser (34), and a transfer tube (T, 21), connected to the mass spectrometer (31).

Abstract: A method for configuring a clean room (2) for the manufacture of pharmaceutical products and the manufacture of pharmaceutical products includes the steps: selecting a pharmaceutical product for the manufacture in the clean room (2); determining one or a plurality of specific devices (16) and/or one or a plurality of specific materials (18) for the manufacture of the selected pharmaceutical product; and assigning locations for the particular, respectively specific devices (16) and/or specific materials (18) in the clean room (2) and, that is, by using a navigation system (4). The navigation system (4) issues at least one notification (6, 8, 10, 12, 14) associated with a location in the clean room (2) indicating where the specific device (16) and/or the specific material (18) for the manufacture of the selected pharmaceutical product is/are to be placed.

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein pertain to improved methods and apparatus for etching a semiconductor substrate. A plasma grid assembly is positioned in a reaction chamber to divide the chamber into upper and lower sub-chambers. The plasma grid assembly may include one or more plasma grids having slots of a particular aspect ratio, which allow certain species to pass through from the upper sub-chamber to the lower sub-chamber. Where multiple plasma grids are used, one or more of the grids may be movable, allowing for tenability of the plasma conditions in at least the lower sub-chamber. In some cases, an electron-ion plasma is generated in the upper sub-chamber. Electrons that make it through the grid to the lower sub-chamber are cooled as they pass through. In some cases, this results in an ion-ion plasma in the lower sub-chamber.

Abstract: A method for treating a substrate surface uses Neutral Beam irradiation derived from a gas-cluster ion-beam and articles produced thereby including lithography photomask substrates.

Abstract: A method for Neutral Beam irradiation derived from gas cluster ion beams and articles produced thereby including optical elements.

Abstract: A control system for fine tuning or spreading a charged particle pencil beam includes a low-inductance, low-power compensation or fine-tuning magnet assembly. The feedback loop that includes the compensation magnet assembly has a faster response rate than the feedback loop that includes the scan nozzle. The compensation or fine-tuning magnet assembly is preferably disposed upstream of the scan nozzle magnet(s) with respect to the beam path to make rapid but minor adjustments to the beam position between iterations of the scan nozzle.

Abstract: A system is disclosed that comprises a detector module adapted to detect the presence of one or more biological analytes in a fluid. The module includes one or more pairs of microcantilever sensors, where each pair is comprised of a reference sensor and a detection sensor. The detection sensor cantilever is coated with a polymerized receptor that has an affinity with a biological analyte in the fluid. A capture manifold is also provided to receive the fluid downstream of the detector module and comprising the same polymerized receptor such that the biological analytes are removed from the fluid as it courses through the manifold.

Abstract: A method of treating a surface of a silicon substrate forms an accelerated gas cluster ion beam of carbon atoms, promotes fragmentation and/or dissociation of gas cluster ions in the beam, removes charged particles from the beam to form a neutral beam, and treats a portion of a surface of the silicon substrate by irradiating it with the neutral beam. A silicon substrate surface layer of SiCX (0.05<X<3) formed by accelerated and focused Neutral Beam irradiation of a silicon substrate wherein the Neutral Beam is derived from a gas cluster ion beam which has had its cluster ions dissociated and charged particles removed.

Abstract: An apparatus for trapping and sensing nanoparticles using plasmonic nanopores, comprising a conductive transparent layer, a conductive film layer mounted to a substrate, the film layer comprising a plurality of nanopores for trapping nanoparticles contained in a fluid situated between the conductive transparent layer and the conductive film layer, and an electric field source connected between the transparent layer and the film layer.

Abstract: The present architecture utilizes a Nonlinear Scattering Aperture Combiner that does not need to be optically multiplexed and then drives a Direct Compressor stage that produces a large temporal compression ratio to pump a Fast Compressor. This eliminates the need for a separate array of ATDMs, multiplexing optical elements, and, at the approximate 107 joule energy output required for ICF, reduces the number of mechanical elements and gas interfaces from the order of 103 to about 10. In addition, this provides a large reduction of the volume of the gas containment region. In order to accomplish this, a technique for transversely segmenting by color and/or polarization of the optical extraction beams of the Direct Compressor has been invented. In particular, it emphasizes the simplicity and uniqueness of design of the Direct Compressor. The Direct Compressor is unique in terms of high fluence, high temporal compression ratios, and high stage gain, leading to a very large reduction in laser costs.

Abstract: A plasma generation system is provided that includes an elongated plasma chamber having a first elongated side wall substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis extending through the plasma chamber and a gas delivery device for delivering a gas to the plasma chamber via the first elongated side wall. The gas delivery device includes at least one input port for receiving a source of the gas and a plurality of output ports for delivering portions of the gas to the plasma chamber. The gas delivery device also includes a network of gas delivery paths comprising at least one branch point between the at least one input port and the plurality of output ports. The at least one branch point is directly connected to (i) an input node and (ii) at least two output nodes that are positioned offset from the branch point along the longitudinal axis.