Abstract: A detector element signal comparator system is used for noise reduction and image enhancement by comparing the output of any detector signal processor within a module to the output of any other detector signal processor within the same module. The detector element signal comparator system has a comparator for each detector signal processor, a comparator bus to connect the output of any detector signal processor to the comparators of all other detector signal processors, a switch for each detector signal processor to selectively connect each detector signal processor to the comparator bus, and an output bus for communicating the comparator signal from the detector element signal comparator to the next stage of signal processing.

Abstract: An improved infrared analyzer is provided wherein an unknown specimen gas can be subjected to a measuring infrared ray and a comparative infrared ray to provide resulting signals. The system can be initially calibrated when a zero gas state is initially achieved in the sample cell, and correction factors are achieved by holding the zero gas instrument signal and an output difference between a zero gas comparison signal and the measuring signal for subsequent processing of the actual measurement of the specimen gas to provide a calibrated output signal representative of the concentration of the unknown gas.

Abstract: The arrangement (201) comprises an optical narrow detection beam (203) focussing system for a passive infrared radiation in accordance with a reference plane (U). A filter selects the spectral analysis band and at least one passive infrared radiation detector is provided in the focal plane. According to the invention, the arrangement comprises a first analog processing chain and a second digital processing chain by means of which it is possible to recover in accordance with a characteristic curve at least the undercarriage of vehicles. On this curve, each turning element of the undercarriage assumes the shape of an identifiable pulse. The arrangement is used in the identification of moving vehicles in a predetermined plane.

Abstract: A two-dimensional incident position detector device for radiation, the device comprising a detector array including a plurality of detection cells in two-dimensional arrangement, and a comparator circuit for comparing an output from a noticed detection cell with outputs from all detection cells adjacent to said noticed cell, whereby a position of the noticed cell is decided as an incident position of light or radiation when the output from the noticed cell is larger than the outputs from all adjacent detection cells.

Abstract: It comprises information photodetection means (2), which have N photodetectors (6), each photodetector being able to supply a current having an information-carrying component and a non-information carrying component, N being an integer at least equal to 1, reading means (4) for the thus detected information and which use for this purpose the current supplied by each photodetector, and N other regulatable means (22) respectively associated with the N photodetectors each other regulatable means being able to extract a regulatable intensity current from the current supplied by the associated photodetector prior to the use of said latter current by the reading means.

Abstract: The structure comprises an electrically and thermally insulating polyimide layer, infrared sensors which are insulated from one another and have a polyvinyl pyroelectric film, whose face in contact with the polyimide is equipped with two comb-shaped electrodes, whose teeth are imbricated, the pyroelectric film being polarized in a plane parallel to the film and in directions parallel and perpendicular to the comb teeth, an integrated circuit having a face in contact with the polyimide layer, equipped with the reading circuit, and electric contact zones completely traverse the polyimide layer and connect the electrodes of each sensor to a reading circuit.

Abstract: A multi-element infrared detector for thermal imaging, wherein the detector includes a main substrate, an aperture plate and a plurality of detector elements formed on the main substrate and arranged thereon in an array. Each detector element having a photosensitive zone and output and common terminal electrodes formed at opposite ends thereof. The aperture plate having at least one aperture for restricting the field of view of the photosensitive zone. The detector includes an auxiliary electrode formed on the rear surface of the aperture plate in a position to contact the common terminal electrodes when the device is assembled. The infrared detector also includes a common metal line formed on the substrate in a position to interconnect a plurality of common terminal electrodes and the auxiliary electrode contacts the common metal line.

Abstract: For the detection of heat sources within an area to be maintained under surveillance, several scanning units at different scanning stations are linked to a common radiation sensor by respective optical fibre transmission elements. A gating means, such as a rotary mask with an opening, is indexed stepwise to gate each transmission element in turn to the common sensor.

Abstract: An impurity band conduction (IBC) infrared detector is provided with a photoluminescent (PL) layer proximate the blocking layer of the device. The PL layer comprises a narrow band-gap semiconductor material selected for generating long wavelength infrared (LWIR) photoluminescent photons in response to incident photons of selected spectra. The PL layer improves the quantum efficiency of IBC devices in detecting incident photons in the short wavelength infrared (SWIR), ultraviolet (UV), and X-ray spectra. The thickness of the PL layer can be varied to optimize the photoluminescent response to incident photons of a selected spectrum. In a back-illuminated detector array, absorption of a SWIR photon in the PL layer results in one or more LWIR photons emitted in a time that is sufficiently shorter than the multiplexer frame time.

Abstract: An infrared detection system having a detector which includes elements of different sizes which are electrically selectable to change the operational range of the system without any change in the associated optical assembly. The detector elements can be of two or more element sizes, and various detector configurations can be employed such as single or dual detector configurations. To provide a constant signal amplitude for the different selected ranges, the gain of the detector circuitry can be adjusted accordingly to provide uniform signal amplitude irrespective of range setting.

Abstract: A detector array assembly which provides for the closing at operating temperature of normally open contacts between individual sensor contact mesas and readout pads of the respective detector and readout chips comprising a detector array assembly. One or more shape memory separator elements are used in conjunction with one or more biasing springs to control the spacing of the contacts. The force of the biasing spring becomes the dominant force as the apparatus is cooled down to near operating temperature, thus moving the chips closer together and establishing reliable electrical connection between the opposed sets of contacts. At temperatures near and above the normal operating temperature of 77 degrees K., the shape memory separator element provides the dominant force and drives the chips apart to open the contacts.

Abstract: A pyroelectric element includes a plurality of electrodes formed on one major surface of a pyroelectric film and constituting a first group and at least one electrode formed on the other major surface of the pyroelectric film and constituting a second group, wherein directions of proximal end portions of lead portions of the electrodes and widths of the proximal end portions are set to be a predetermined direction and a predetermined value such that effective light-receiving electrode areas of unit pyroelectric elements are substantially equal to each other even if electrode patterns of the first and second groups are slightly offset from each other. Provided is a pyroelectric element having excellent electrical characteristics against disturbing external light.

Abstract: A moisture sensing assembly, adapted for mounting on the inner surface of a vehicle window or windshield to control vehicle accessories such as windshield wipers, maximizes the window are a being sensed while minimizing the size of the overall assembly. In the preferred embodiment, moisture on the outer window surface is detected by stacked rows of infrared energy receiving sensors spaced in angular relationship from stacked rows of infrared energy emitting diodes. The emitter diodes and sensors are preferably carried in separate emitter and detector mounting blocks slidably fitted in a rigid carrier. The sensor row closest to the window receives energy from the diode emitter row farthest from the window and vice versa. Energy barrier walls are provided in the diode and sensor support for blocking energy reflected by the inside window surface.

Abstract: Thermal radiation detection apparatus is provided comprising an array of pyroelectric detectors 1,2,3,4 in which compensation is provided for the effect of ambient temperature changes on the detector outputs and also for d.c. offsets which occur in source follower impedance converters 13 necessarily used with each detector. Single element detectors are used, the end pair of elements 3,4 being shielded from radiation and used as reference elements. Each element has a pair of diodes 11,12 connected in parallel in opposite sense to provide a d.c. path across the element. The reference element outputs are averaged 16,17,18 and fed via a high gain negative feedback loop 19 to the common connection 10 of all the elements. Offset voltages and element signals generated by ambient temperature changes are thereby compensated to the extent that the reference offsets and thermal voltages equal those of the active detector elements.

Abstract: A multi-aperture, non-imaging sensing system is disclosed, for guiding a moving projectile toward a source of infrared energy. The detectors are arranged peripherally about a forward portion of the projectile, with their individual fields of view overlapping one another to selectively separate a composite field of view into a plurality of separate sectors, with a central sector including all individual fields of view. Infrared sensing elements and electrical circuitry are operatively associated with the detectors, for generating a binary one or zero, depending upon whether an infrared energy source is sensed by the associated detector. The combined results are generated as a digital word, utilized to indicate the location of the source within the composite field of view, and to generate a control signal. The control signal adjusts the projectile orientation to locate and maintain the source within the central sector of the composite field of view.

Abstract: A dual channel intrusion detection system comprising first and second radiation sensors. Each sensor has a pair of elements viewing adjacent zones of the protected area, the zones being slightly offset from each other in the direction of expected intruder movement. Sequence detection is provided for producing an intruder-present signal in response to simultaneous actuation of one element of each sensor when preceded by actuation of the other element of one of the sensors. Additional immunity from false triggering is obtainable if this sequence must be followed by actuation of the other element of the second sensor.

Abstract: A sensing assembly (10) for indicating when moisture or other particles have accumulated on a window (12) having inside (14) and outside (16) surfaces. The assembly includes an emitter (18) disposed on the inside surface (14) of the window (12) to emit infrared energy to the window (12). A detector (20) is disposed on the inside surface (14) to detect infrared energy from the window (12) on an egress axis. A reference detector (22) detects ambient light and emitter output which are parallel to the egress axis. A control circuit (24) receives the detected measurement level and reference level for comparison to actuate the wipers when rain or particles are on the window (12).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a system for on-line normalization of the outputs of all of the detector elements of an infrared detector wherein, during the retrace period of the scanning mirror, infrared energy from a controlled thermoelectric source is reflected first from a high reflectivity sector of a rotating mirror and then from a relatively low reflectivity sector of the rotating mirror onto the detector. The detector output for the high and low reflectivity input signals is analyzed on a channel by channel basis by software controlled hardware and the gain of each channel is then adjusted in response thereto by the software controlled hardware individually. In this manner, each channel is caused to provide the same output for an identical input thereto.

Abstract: An alarm system for military objects of a laser-radiating hostile weapon system. A plurality of units for detecting impinging laser radiation are mounted on an airplane, for example. Each detection unit is arranged to detect in one of six directions along three mutually perpendicular axes. The detection units are coupled to output signals representing the direction of incoming laser radiation to processing electronics. Each detection unit has an array of detector elements in a first plane and a diaphragm equal in size to the array in a second plane parallel to the first plane. The diaphragm and array are arranged so that the direction of the laser radiation can be determined from the pattern of detector elements activated in response to laser radiation passing through the diaphragm.

Abstract: A detector array for use in an infrared linescanner system. The system scans an area of ground below an aircraft. The detector array comprises a linear array arranged in a symmetrical pattern about a centerline and has an angular overall length sufficient to provide contiguous coverage of the scanning area for a maximum specified velocity-to-height ratio.

Abstract: A lens-sphere optical system for use in a low resolution, very wide angle optical sensor system for viewing incident energy from a scene of interest. A lens-sphere forms an output image of the scene of interest on a spherical surface. Apparatus for optically filtering the lens-sphere blocks incident energy outside of a predetermined range of incident angles. Apparatus for detecting the optically filtered output image is provided.

Abstract: An infrared detector includes process and circuitry for detecting the direction of movement of a radiation source with a predetermined resolution. Four radiation-sensitive elements defining a square are provided in the detector, each connected to an evaluation circuit which compares the output signals from the elements. A normalized pulse is generated upon the occurrence of the maximum of the output signal from each of the elements. The direction of movement of the radiation source is identified from the chronological sequence and spacing of the normalized pulses.

Abstract: A sensing cavity is directed towards the radiation to be measured. An identical reference cavity is directed towards a heat sink which is maintained at a constant temperature. An electric heater and a temperature sensor are mounted on both the sensing cavity and the reference cavity. The temperature sensors are connected to a bridge which is powered only when an observation is made. The heater on the sensing cavity is controlled by bridge imbalance to equalize the temperature of the two cavities. The heater power is then a direct measure of the difference in the power entering the sensing cavity and the power entering the reference cavity. By knowing the power entering the reference cavity, the power entering the sensing cavity can be calculated. The two cavities are mounted together to a common heat sink and have a directly associated preamplifier circuit included in the modular mounting. A plurality of such sensors is used to obtain radiance measurements in many directions simultaneously.

Abstract: The system comprises a scanning telescope for scanning a field of view in a vertical direction. A detector array is positioned in the focal plane of the telescope for receiving radiant energy from the scanned image. The detector array comprises a plurality of elements which are positioned such that adjacent elements along the scan direction are offset with respect to each other. A processor receives output signals from each of the elements. The processor delays the signals received from leading elements in the array and adds these delayed signals to output signals from trailing elements in the array to form pseudodetector sums. Pseudodetector sums formed in this manner are geometrically filtered in a cross-scan direction and also filtered in the along scan direction.

Abstract: A radiation detector device is provided with a plurality of radiosensitive bipolar resistor elements arranged in parallel between two supply lines. Separate first signal lines are connected to a first pole of each of the resistor elements and leads out of the vacuum housing. For the reduction of the number of cable inlets, a ground cable acting as a second signal line is connected to one pole of each of the detector elements. A differential amplifier is provided associated with each of the detector elements receiving the signals from each of the first poles of the resistor elements and receiving the signal from the ground cable.

Abstract: An edge illuminated impurity band conduction detector includes an extrinsic semiconducting IR-active layer with a first conductivity type impurity concentration high enough to create an impurity energy band. An intrinsic semiconducting blocking layer includes first and second conductivity type impurity concentration low enough that substantially no charge transport occurs by an impurity conduction mechanism. The IR-active and blocking layers are positioned between first and second contacts such that an electrical potential applied to the contacts creates an electric field across the layers. The detector is oriented such that the electromagnetic energy impinges on an edge of the IR-active layer and propagates in the IR-active layer in a direction substantially orthogonal to the applied electric field, the IR-active layer extending in the orthogonal direction for at least the absorption length of the electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: Each element of an array of infrared detector elements comprises a capacitor formed by a body (11) of pyroelectric or ferroelectric material between a front electrode (14) and a back electrode (12). The elements have individual electrical connections (13) to their back electrode (12) from which there are derived electrical signals which differ as the temperature of the body (11) changes in response to incident infrared radiation (50). These individual electrical connections (13) are provided by a pattern of conductors (13) carried by a support (10) on which the elements are mounted. Each element has at least an infrared-collection area (21) of larger lateral dimensions (x) than at least the electrical connection (13) to the back electrode (12) whereby a peripheral part (23) of each element overhangs and is separated vertically from an underlying part of the support (10).

Abstract: A turbidimeter for measuring a turbidity of a test liquid including a hollow main body having openings formed at its lower end through which the test liquid is introduced into a measuring optical path within the main body, a semiconductor laser diode arranged in the main body at its upper end and emitting a laser light, a first prism arranged within the main body and guiding the laser light into the measuring optical path, a second prism arranged within the main body and guiding light emanating from the measuring optical path to the upper end of the main body, first and second semiconductor photodiodes arranged within the main body at its upper end such that the light emanating from the second prism is exclusively made incident upon the first semiconductor photodiode, and first and second operational amplifiers arranged within the main body at its upper end and amplifying output signals supplied from the first and second semiconductor photodiodes, respectively.

Abstract: A row crop harvesting machine is provided with first and second infra-red transmitters and first and second infra-red receptors for sensing the infra-red beams emitted by the transmitters. The transmitters and receptors and mounted on two adjacent crop row separators of a harvesting machine header and are positioned such that the beams intersect in a region which defines the alignment of the harvesting machine relative to a row of crop stalks. The widths of the beams are chosen to be less than the width of the crop stalks being harvested but greater than the width of weed stalks which may be growing in the region of a crop row.

Abstract: A row crop harvesting machine is provided with first and second infra-red transmitters and first and second infra-red receptors for sensing the infra-red beams emitted by the transmitters. The transmitters and receptors are mounted on two adjacent crop row separators of a harvesting machine header and are positioned such that the beams intersect in a region which defines the alignment of the harvesting machine relative to a row of crop stalks. The intensities of the beams and the sensitivities of the receptors are such that the receptors may sense the beams through leaves but not through stalks.

Abstract: The infrared detector comprises two light receiving elements connected in series in such directions as to oppose the orientations of polarization thereof to each other, a compensating element connected to the connection point between the two light receiving elements in such a direction as to oppose the orientation thereof to those of the two light receiving elements, and has sensitivities to outputs produced by vibration and temperature variation substantially equivalent to the sums of the sensitivities of the two light receiving elements to outputs produced by vibration and temperature variation, and two FETs having gates connected to the two light receiving elements respectively and to the compensating elements through resistors or diodes, these component members being accommodated in a cylindrical case shielding these members optically and electromagnetically.

Abstract: A moisture sensing assembly for controlling vehicle accessories such as windshield wipers is mounted on the inner surface of a vehicle window or windshield for detecting moisture on the outer window surface. A plurality of infrared energy emitting diodes and a sensor for receiving reflected infrared energy from the window and any moisture thereon are mounted at predetermined angles and spacing in a support. The support is biased against the window and enclosed in a protective housing detachably mounted to a window mounted plate preferably adjacent a rearview mirror on the front windshield. The support preferably includes an infrared energy monitoring sensor adjacent the emitting diodes which may be combined with or separate from an ambient infrared energy sensor. The monitoring and ambient sensors provide reference energy levels allowing compensation for varying diode output due to temperature and age and varying external vehicle light conditions.

Abstract: A pyroelectric sensor circuit arrangement for reducing noise and increasing sensitivity has a main current amplifier with a high feedback resistor connected to receive input from an electrode of a pyroelectric element, and includes a compensation amplifier in a unity gain amplifier configuration connected to a common power source with the main amplifier. The compensation amplifier is connected to discharge transients from the pyroelectric element when electrode voltage exceeds the positive voltage or goes below the negative voltage of the power source. A pair of anti-parallel diode or similar component is connected between the main amplifier input and the compensation amplifier output.

Abstract: A passive infrared detection system embodies a new three-element, single-channel, pyroelectric detector. For a given amount of motion by a target in a region under surveillance, the detector provides more complex signature information than conventional two-element detectors, thereby allowing the target to be more readily distinguished from spurious environmental or background sources. Owing to the geometry of the detector electrodes, the false-alarming effects produced by spurious stimuli common to all detector elements are reduced. The detector is particularly adapted for use in infrared detection systems of the type which use pulse-counting techniques to distinguish targets of interest from non-targets.

Abstract: Infrared, mm-wave or other radiation (100) is detected with at least one detector element in the form of a temperature-sensitive resistor (1) having a high positive temperature coefficient, e.g. 100 micro-ohm.multidot.cm.multidot.K.sup.-1. A sufficiently high voltage V is applied across the resistor (1) by means of a circuit (Vb,T1) so that, in accordance with the invention, the resistor (1) passes a sufficient current (I) as to raise its temperature by Joule heating to a position at which a further increase in its temperature in response to incident radiation (100) reduces the Joule heating by reducing the current (I), thereby stabilizing the temperature of the resistor (1). This varying current (I) through the resistor (1) is measured (e.g. as a voltage V' by means of a transconductance amplifier A) to provide a signal indicative of the power of the incident radiation (100). The change in the Joule heating produced by a change in the temperature of the resistor (1) at this position is larger (e.g.

Abstract: A pyrodetector, which is both movement selective and directional selective, has preferably a foil supporting detector elements relative to a concave mirror which may have a spherical curve surface, a spherical-parabolic curve surface or a curve surface between a spherical surface and a spherical-parabolic surface. The sensor is preferably a plurality of individual sensor elements which are arranged on an arc, preferably on a planar member or a foil, and may include additional or second sensor elements having electrodes which are for determining temperature compensation for the detector.

Abstract: A radiation detector has a dual element sensor. One sensor element detects thermal radiation of a target at the same time the second sensor element detects thermal radiation of a reference object adjacent to the target. The dual element sensor produces a signal of the difference in the sensed radiations. A remote meter displays the thermal difference and provides an indication of sensed mass of the target relative to the mass of the reference. The display is driven by a circuit which provides a fast response of the sensed thermal difference and a slow decay of the response to provide a somewhat continuous display between targets detected in a series. Alarms may be sounded in accordance with certain readings of the display. A continuously flowing, dynamic pattern of thermal differences is detected and displayed in applications of the detector to assembly line processes.

Abstract: A cold shield for an array of detectors of predetermined shape comprising a first cover of radiation blocking material formed with parallel rows of apertures and lying a first distance away from the detectors and a second cover of radiation blocking material formed with a plurality of apertures of generally the predetermined shape therethrough and lying a second distance, smaller than the first distance, away from the detectors so as to minimize background radiation from reaching the detectors while permitting desired radiation approaching the array from any of a plurality of angles to reach the detectors.

Abstract: A prism cold shield adaptable to an infrared detector system comprising a prism-shaped substrate having an upper portion partially coated with opaque material and a lower portion partially coated with opaque material wherein windows formed by the upper and lower coatings defined the field of view for a plurality of infrared detectors thereby cold shielding the detectors in the linear direction of the detector array.

Abstract: External noise in an infrared sensor for a ceiling type human detector is suppressed by increasing the conductivity between a conductive window and the can and improving the temperature compensation by offsetting any difference in the electromotive force per unit area of the inside and/or outside electrode of the sensitive element consisting of coaxial electrodes with different areas. In a pair of electrodes for ceiling mounting the electromotive force is larger than in a pair of lower electrodes for floor mounting. The sensor improves a total sensitivity for use in the infrared sensor for a wall installation type human detector, on account of improving performance and reliability of the pyroelectric infrared sensor for use as a human detector.

Abstract: The invention is a moisture sensor which includes an emitter (18) to emit pulses of radiant energy toward the inside surface (14) of a window (12) at an incident angle (.theta.). The radiant energy is refracted into the window (12) at the air-inside window surface (14) and reflected off the air-outside window surface (16) back through the window (12). The radiant energy is then detected by a detector (20) at a reflection angle (.theta.') equal to the incident angle (.theta.). A support (22) spaces the emitter (18) and detector (20) a distance D between the intersection (I) of the axis (A) of the emitter (18) with the inside window surface (14) and the intersection (E) of the axis (B) of the detector (20) with the inside window surface (14) which is determined by the formula:D=2T cos .theta.(n.sup.2 - cos.sup.2 .theta.).sup.

Abstract: An infrared radiation (IR) detector includes a cold shield consisting of (a) a light shielding portion having a substrate made of an infrared transmissive material, an infrared absorbing layer formed on one surface of the substrate, a dielectric layer formed on the infrared absorbing layer and an infrared reflecting layer formed on the dielectric layer, and (b) an opening portion consisting of a substrate made of an infrared transmissive material and a dielectric layer formed on the one surface of the substrate. The substrate and the dielectric layer are connected and generally continuous between the light shielding portion and the opening portion. The IR detector also includes an infrared detector array having a detective area arranged just below the opening portion of the cold shield.

Abstract: A detector for aligning a laser beam has been provided. The detector includes an insulative substrate, and a thermally conductive planar face attached to the substrate. The face is divided into thermally isolated sectors, each sector having the same shape and area. A corresponding thermal sensitive device is provided for each sector. Each sector is in thermal contact with a corresponding one of the thermal sensitive devices, and each thermal sensitive device produces a response proportional to the amount of laser energy impinging thereon to thereby provide indication of the misalignment of the laser beam relative to the transport path.

Abstract: A pyroelectric infrared detector or infrared ray receiving element comprising a plurality of pyroelectric operating areas, utilizing one of the operating areas as an infrared radiation detection area having a light-transmissive surface electrode. The electrical signal produced in the signal detection area is compensated by an electrical signal produced in another pyroelectric operating area having a light-reflective surface electrode. Temperature drift and noise due to vibration are drastically reduced through the compensation.

Abstract: A spectroscopic measurement system comprises at least two kinds of diffraction gratings whose grating surfaces are in line, an exchange device for exchanging the positions of the two kinds of diffraction gratings in connection with incident light to be measured while the two kinds of diffraction gratings are placed in a predetermined rotation angle, at least two kinds of detectors having characteristics corresponding to those of the two kinds of diffraction gratings respectively, a light path switch for switching a path of diffraction light toward either of the two kinds of detectors, and a switch circuit for switching the detection output of the two kinds of detectors in synchronization with the exchange operation of the two kinds of diffraction gratings.

Abstract: A non dispersive optical gas analyzer is disclosed which uses thermopiles as optical detectors. The thermopiles are formed of an array of interconnected thin films of dissimilar metals deposited on a heat conductive substrate to form a multitude of thermocouples. The array is configured in such a manner that a number of the thermocouples are employed to compensate each thermopile output signal for changes in ambient temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for measuring physical parameters of sheet material via infrared absorption phenomena is disclosed. The invention employs an integral filter-detector package comprising at least two optical filter-detector combinations. The package is contained within a conventional sensor housing which traverses back and forth across the sheet material. The package may comprise an additional filter-detector combination that is selected to produce a detector response having a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio than the response of remaining detectors. The former response is used in combination with synchronous detectors to provide a reference of the general shape and phase of the latter responses in the absence of high noise.

Abstract: Detection apparatus comprising UV sensing apparatus, IR sensing apparatus, inhibitible AND gate logic apparatus operative to receive outputs from the UV sensing apparatus and the IR sensing apparatus and being operative unless inhibited by receipt of an inhibit signal to produce an output signal in response to simultaneous detection by the UV and IR sensing apparatus, and inhibit signal generating apparatus operative to produce an inhibit signal in response to characteristics of the UV sensed by the UV sensing apparatus.

Abstract: A radiation image detecting apparatus having its radiation image receiving plane divided into picture elements made up of a plurality of two-dimensionally arrayed unit radiation detectors and having its picture element image signal processing electronic circuits thereon in a plurality of IC packages.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus for determining the dimensions of an object at linearly spaced locations on the object comprising, a measurement station in which a linear measurement between opposing edges of the object may be made, means to move the object through the measuring station with the dimensions to be measured extending transversely to said path, a light source on one side of the measurement station to direct a beam of light through the measurement station transversely to the path of movement of the object to span the dimension of the object to be measured. Two elongate photo-electric array means one arranged on the opposite side of the object to receive images of the respective edges of the object to produce signals from which the dimension between said edges may be calculated and two lens means are provided to focus images of opposing edges of the object illuminated by the light source on to said two photo-electric array means respectively.