Abstract: In an optical measuring device, the visual observation section includes: a white light source which emits white light; a first objective lens arranged between the white light source and measurement object, through which the white light emitted from the white light source and return light from the measurement object transmit; a plurality of tube lenses which change a magnification of the return light passing through the first objective lens to a predetermined magnification; and a lens switching mechanism which can selectively switch the tube lenses so as to select one of the tube lenses to be arranged on the return light, and the special observation section includes: a special light source which emits special light; and a second objective lens arranged between the special light source and measurement object, through which the special light emitted from the special light source and return light from the measurement object transmit.

Abstract: A tracking system for tracking an eye including a light source projecting light toward a display surface in a sequential pattern, one or more reflectors associated with an optical device, where the one or more reflectors reflect the pulses of light from the display source, one or more photo detectors, where the photo detectors detect reflected pulses of light from the light source, and a system that measures pulse timing relative to horizontal and vertical pattern to compute a gaze angle of the eye.

Abstract: A distance detection determination device includes positioning brackets that couple to a housing for the device. The positioning brackets include an emitting positioning bracket and a receiving positioning bracket that respectively hold and accurately position an infrared light emitter and an infrared light receiver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of two dimensional (2D) radiometric imaging. The present invention especially relates to a sensor unit. The sensor unit according to the present invention comprises a reflecting element mounted so as to be rotatable around an axis of rotation and a line sensor operating in the microwave, millimeter wave and/or terahertz frequency range and having its field of view directed towards the reflecting element, whereby the axis of rotation intersects with a reflection plane of the reflecting element.

Abstract: A system and associated method for analyzing a smoking article filter is provided. An emitter emits an initial signal toward a smoking article filter. The initial signal may have a frequency between about 0.1 teraHertz and about 10 teraHertz. A sensor may detect a resultant signal resulting from interaction of the initial signal with the smoking article filter. An analysis unit may receive the resultant signal from the sensor, determine a filter status based on the resultant signal, and output an indicium indicative of the filter status. The filter status may include a capsule presence within the smoking article filter, a capsule absence from the smoking article filter, a proper insertion of a capsule into the smoking article filter, a defective insertion of a capsule into the smoking article filter, a proper capsule within the smoking article filter, and a defective capsule within the smoking article filter.

Abstract: An image pixel apparatus for detecting electromagnetic radiation includes an absorption structure device configured to absorb the electromagnetic radiation and to take it up as a quantity of heat. At least one plasmonic resonance structure device of the apparatus is configured to forward the electromagnetic radiation to the absorption structure device. A detection device that has at least one detection element is configured to detect the electromagnetic radiation by way of changes in an electrical property of the at least one detection element that are caused by the quantity of heat taken up.

Abstract: A novel and useful THz radiation detector comprising a suspended dipole antenna and a plurality of reflectors for achieving low thermal mass and high electrical performance. The reflectors used in the antenna do not physical contact the dipole element and are used to shape the radiation pattern in similar fashion as obtained by well-known Yagi-Uda reflectors. The dipole element is connected directly to a load resister for generating heat which is sensed by a sensing transistor. The lack of a mechanical connection to the dipole antenna element prevents any increase in the thermal capacitance of the antenna.

Abstract: A system (10) for directly measuring the depth of a high aspect ratio etched feature on a wafer (80) that includes an etched surface (82) and a non-etched surface (84). The system (10) utilizes an infrared reflectometer (12) that in a preferred embodiment includes a swept laser (14), a fiber circulator (16), a photodetector (22) and a combination collimator (18) and an objective lens (20). From the objective lens (20) a focused incident light (23) is produced that is applied to the non-etched surface (84) of the wafer (80). From the wafer (80) is produced a reflected light (25) that is processed through the reflectometer (12) and applied to an ADC (24) where a corresponding digital data signal (29) is produced. The digital data signal (29) is applied to a computer (30) that, in combination with software (32), measures the depth of the etched feature that is then viewed on a display (34).

Abstract: The imaging system for imaging field rays comprises a detection surface, a device for focusing the field rays with said detection surface, and a diaphragm. Said device comprises a Fresnel lens comprising a first dioptre, the non-plane surface of which, called the active zone, makes it possible to focus the field rays towards said detection surface, and said diaphragm allows controlled distribution of the field rays over said active zone.

Abstract: A passive infra red detector comprises a plurality of passive infra red sensors (4, 5) and a lens member (2) arranged to direct radiation from a target area onto the sensors. The lens member (2) forms a substantially hemispherical dome about the infra red sensors (4, 5). The dome has a central axis and a plurality of contiguous facets (2a-2g) distributed about the central axis. Each facet has a flat outer surface and an inner surface that forms a lens to direct radiation onto the sensors. The detector further comprises a first passive infra red sensor (4) aligned with the central axis of the dome and having a sensitive surface substantially normal to the central axis, and a plurality of second passive infra red sensors (5) distributed about the central axis of the dome. The second passive infra red sensors (5) are inclined such that the outward normal from the sensitive surface of each second passive infra red sensor (5) makes an acute angle with the outward direction of the central axis.

Abstract: A terahertz scanning reflectometer is described herein. A high sensitivity terahertz scanning reflectometer is used to measure dynamic surface deformation and delamination characteristics in real-time. A number of crucial parameters can be extracted from the reflectance measurements such as dynamic deformation, propagation velocity, and final relaxation position. A terahertz reflectometer and spectrometer are used to determine the permeation kinetics and concentration profile of active ingredients in stratum corneum.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a sensor (100) for venous networks of a part (50) of a living body, comprising: an infrared illumination source (102), a waveguide (104) illuminated by said infrared illumination source (102) and having, on one face (112), at least one extraction zone (106) intended to extract the infrared rays (114) from said waveguide (104) in at least one main extraction direction (116), an image acquisition means (108) disposed opposite said face (112) so as to define between them a passage (118) through the entrance of which said part (50) of the living body can enter, and comprising a sensitive element (110), the or each extraction zone (106) being such that the or each main extraction direction (116) of said extraction zone (106) is oriented so as not to intercept said sensitive element (110).

Abstract: A sensitivity adjustment device may include: a light receiver configured to receive a reflected light that has been emitted from a light emitting unit and reflected by a reflector, the light receiver being configured to convert the reflected light into an analog electrical signal; an A/D converter configured to convert the analog electrical signal into a digital signal; a threshold value calculator configured to calculate a threshold value with reference to a voltage level of the digital signal that has been sequentially converted and output by the A/D converter; and a determination unit configured to compare a high voltage level of the digital signal with the threshold value.

Abstract: A dewar assembly is presented for use in an optical IR detection system defining a light collecting region. The dewar assembly comprises a warm shield unit configured as an enclosure for optically enclosing the light collection region and having an optical window through which incident light enters the dewar. The warm shield defines a reflective inner surface configured such that light portions of the incident light propagating through said optical window onto said inner surface are reflected by the inner surface towards regions outside said light collecting region.

Abstract: A laser-based infrared countermeasure (IRCM) system is disclosed. The IRCM system includes a set of receive optics, a dichroic filter, first and second detectors, a lens module and a laser. Receive optics are configured to receive optical information. The lens module reflects the optical information from the receive optics to the dichroic filter. The dichroic filter selectively splits the optical information to the first and second detectors. The first and second detectors, each of which is formed by a single-pixel detector, detects a potential missile threat from the optical information. Based on information collected by the first and second detectors, the laser sends laser beams to neutralize any missile threat.

Abstract: An occupancy sensor device has a sensor and a fastener. The sensor has a body and a connector. The body has a detector and a lens. The lens covers the detector. The connector is formed on the body. The fastener is connected securely to the connector of the sensor. When the occupancy sensor device is installed on a light, the connector is mounted through a sensor hole of a light cover first, and the fastener is connected securely to the connector. Then the installation is completed and the sensor device is mounted securely on the light cover. Because the sensor has the connector directly formed on the body and the connector can be connected securely to the fastener, the sensor device is easily mounted on various kinds of lights regardless of the structure of the base.

Abstract: An infrared ray detector comprises a prism element, a condenser lens, and an infrared ray receiving unit. The prism element is configured to convert the infrared ray irradiated from a detection area of a viewing field to the infrared ray proceeding toward the condenser lens. The condenser lens is configured to concentrate the infrared ray into the infrared ray receiving unit. The infrared ray receiving unit includes a plurality of the infrared ray detection elements. The infrared ray detection elements are arranged in an alternate fashion so as to output electrical signals of positive polarity and negative polarity. Consequently, the infrared ray detector is configured to detect the infrared ray irradiated from a plurality of the detection area, and is configured to detect the infrared ray on the basis of movement of the human in the detection area.

Abstract: A mirror reflection processing method for a position sensitive detector device in intelligent bathroom products. The infrared emitter in the position sensitive detector device is provided with two infrared emitting intensity modes. The position sensitive detector device determines whether to consider that no signal is collected in current collection according to the result of comparison between the reflected infrared signal intensity received by the infrared receiver and the preset value therein, thereby overcoming the mis-operation of the position sensitive detector device when being opposite to objects with relatively high reflectivity, and making the position sensitive detector device even more widely applied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ellipsometer and polarimeter systems, and more particularly is an ellipsometer or polarimeter or the like system which operates in a frequency range between 300 GHz or lower and extending to higher than at least 1 Tera-hertz (THz), and preferably through the Infra-red (IR) range up to, and higher than 100 THz, including: a source such as a backward wave oscillator; a Smith-Purcell cell; a free electron laser, or an FTIR source and a solid state device; and a detector such as a Golay cell; a bolometer or a solid state detector; and preferably including a polarization state generator comprising: an odd bounce image rotating system and a polarizer, or two polarizers; and optionally including least one compensator and/or modulator, in addition to an analyzer.

Abstract: Demultiplexing systems and methods are discussed which may be small and accurate without moving parts. In some cases, demultiplexing embodiments may include optical filter cavities that include filter baffles and support baffles which may be configured to minimize stray light signal detection and crosstalk. Some of the demultiplexing assembly embodiments may also be configured to efficiently detect U.V. light signals and at least partially compensate for variations in detector responsivity as a function of light signal wavelength.

Abstract: This disclosure describes antenna elements, terahertz detector arrays formed by antenna elements, and dual-mode terahertz imaging systems that operate using terahertz detector array(s). The antenna element includes a horn receiver configured to collect radiation and capture the radiation using an antenna positioned in or proximate to a throat of the horn receiver. The antenna element also includes antenna posts electrically coupled to the antenna and extending through irises in a conducting ground plane and conductive traces electrically coupling the antenna posts to an antenna load. In addition, the antenna element includes a bolometer mounted on a first substrate, where the bolometer is electrically isolated from the antenna load and in thermal contact with the antenna load. The antenna could include a bow tie antenna having first and second arms on a first surface of a second substrate, where the ground plane is on a second surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: Pixel-level monolithic optical element configurations for uncooled infrared detectors and focal plane arrays in which a monolithically integrated or fabricated optical element may be suspended over a microbolometer pixel membrane structure of an uncooled infrared detector element A monolithic optical element may be, for example, a polarizing or spectral filter element, an optically active filter element, or a microlens element that is structurally attached by an insulating interconnect to the existing metal interconnects such that the installation of the optical element substantially does not impact the thermal mass or thermal time constant of the microbolometer pixel structure, and such that it requires little if any additional device real estate area beyond the area originally consumed by the microbolometer pixel structure interconnects.

Abstract: A diagnostic system having a single-port EGR probe and a method for using the same. The system includes a light source, an EGR probe, a detector and a processor. The light source may provide a combined light beam composed of light from a mid-infrared signal source and a mid-infrared reference source. The signal source may be centered at 4.2 ?m and the reference source may be centered at 3.8 ?m. The EGR probe may be a single-port probe with internal optics and a sampling chamber with two flow cells arranged along the light path in series. The optics may include a lens for focusing the light beam and a mirror for reflecting the light beam received from a pitch optical cable to a catch optical cable. The signal and reference sources are modulated at different frequencies, thereby allowing them to be separated and the signal normalized by the processor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for detecting foreign matter and a method for detecting foreign matter to detect a foreign matter on a surface of an object such as a film of an electrode mixture etc. or a foreign matter contained in the object, thereby to improve the reliability of the object. By irradiating an object with a terahertz illumination light 100 (wavelength of 4 ?m to 10 mm) and detecting a scattered light 660 from an electrode 10 as an example of the object by a scattered light detector 200, a foreign matter on a surface of the electrode 10 or contained in the electrode 10, for example, a metal foreign matter 720, is detected. The electrode 10 is one in which electrode mixture layers 700 each including an active material 701, conductive additive and a binder as components are coated on both surfaces of a collector 710. The scattered light 660 results from a part of a transmitted light 656 reflected by the metal foreign matter 720.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a measurement device includes an electromagnetic wave detector, a phase measurement unit and a deriving unit. The electromagnetic wave detector detects an electromagnetic wave having a frequency equal to or more than 0.02 THz and equal to or less than 12 THz having traveled inside an object to be measured, which is an aggregation of particles. The phase measurement unit measures a change in phase of the electromagnetic wave generated by the travel inside the object to be measured based on a detection result by the electromagnetic wave detector. The deriving unit derives hardness or porosity of the object to be measured based on a measurement result by the phase measurement unit.

Abstract: A flat lens with multiple focal lengths has a lens segment. The lens segment is flat and has multiple convex lenses. The convex lenses are mounted on one of the surfaces of the lens segment, and have multiple focal lengths. With the different focal lengths of the convex lenses, multiple distances of detection of a sensor behind the lens segment can be extended to different lengths, and further increase the range of detection. Besides, with different distances of detection, the accuracy of detection would be enhanced effectively, and the erroneous estimate on a volume of the object would reduce effectively. Furthermore, because a shape of the lens segment is flat, the lens as described is more innovative and aesthetically appealing, and is relatively easier to match the building's design or decoration.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure involve an apparatus and method to measure the long-wave irradiance of the atmosphere or long-wave source. The apparatus may involve a thermopile, a concentrator and temperature controller. The incoming long-wave irradiance may be reflected from the concentrator to a thermopile receiver located at the bottom of the concentrator to receive the reflected long-wave irradiance. In addition, the thermopile may be thermally connected to a temperature controller to control the device temperature. Through use of the apparatus, the long-wave irradiance of the atmosphere may be calculated from several measurements provided by the apparatus. In addition, the apparatus may provide an international standard of pyrgeometers' calibration that is traceable back to the International System of Units (SI) rather than to a blackbody atmospheric simulator.

Abstract: Various techniques are disclosed for providing systems and methods for orienting one or more lenses or other optical elements in a lens sleeve. For example, a system may include a lens sleeve defining an interior lens cavity. A plurality of lens positioning features extend from the lens sleeve adjacent the interior lens cavity. A first lens is secured in the lens cavity at a first position relative to the lens sleeve. A first set of the lens positioning features are located at a second position relative to the lens sleeve, and a second set of the lens positioning features are located at a third position relative to the lens sleeve. A second lens engages either the first set or the second set of the plurality of lens positioning features depending on a desired distance between the first lens and the second lens.

Abstract: A radiation sensor includes first and second pixels with a radiation absorption filter positioned over the first pixel and an interference filter positioned over both the first and second pixels. The combined spectral response of the absorption filter and the first pixel has a first pixel pass-band and a first pixel stop-band. The interference filter has a first interference filter pass-band substantially within the first pixel pass-band and a second interference filter pass-band substantially within the first pixel stop-band.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus includes a body, an inner case disposed inside the body in a cooking compartment where food is being cooked, a detection hole formed at a wall of one side of the inner case, so that an infrared ray generated at the cooking compartment is released to the outside of the cooking compartment, and an infrared ray detecting apparatus including a reflecting mirror, which has a plurality of reflection surfaces and configured to change a path of an incident infrared ray, and an infrared ray sensor configured to receive the infrared ray having the path thereof changed to detect an intensity of the infrared ray, thereby reducing the size of a detection hole configured to pass the infrared ray that is generated inside the cooking compartment, so that the adverse effect caused by the leakage of a microwave is minimized.

Abstract: A sensor device has an optical waveguide containing an electro-optic crystal for propagating light, a coupler provided adjacent to the optical waveguide to propagate a terahertz wave generated from the electro-optic crystal as a result of the propagation of light in the optical waveguide, and a detector for detecting the terahertz wave propagating through the coupler or the light propagating through the optical waveguide. The terahertz wave is totally reflected in a section of the coupler opposite to a section where the coupler is adjacent to the optical waveguide while passing through and propagating in the optical waveguide, and in the total reflection section, the terahertz wave interacts with a subject placed close to the total reflection section.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave measurement device includes an electromagnetic wave outputter that outputs an electromagnetic wave having a frequency equal to or more than 0.01 THz and equal to or less than 100 THz toward a device under test. An electromagnetic wave detector detects the electromagnetic wave which has transmitted through the device under test. A relative position changer changes a relative position of an intersection of an optical path of the electromagnetic wave transmitting through the device under test and the device under test, with respect to the device under test, so that the intersection is at a predetermined relative position due to the refraction of the electromagnetic wave by the device under test. A characteristic value deriver derives a characteristic value of the electromagnetic wave based on a detection result of the electromagnetic wave detector, the characteristic value being associated with the predetermined relative position.

Abstract: An infra-red motion detector for monitoring motion in a monitored space is described. The motion detector includes, within a housing, an infra-red radiation sensor sensitive to infra-red radiation incident through a window. A refractive optical system within the housing selects incident infra-red radiation for redirection onto the infra-red sensor. An external light source mounted externally of the housing directs external light through the window providing a recognizable light input. A refractive Fresnel patch mounted externally to the window selects incident light from the external light source and redirects it to a tamper sensor within the housing. A detection controller processes signals output by both sensors in monitoring the space. The detection controller detects incident light from the external light source and trips a tamper alarm in failing detection, and further detects changes in infra-red radiation in the monitored space and trips an intrusion alarm upon detecting changes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inspecting a composite structure. A resin inspection system comprises a housing having an open section, a movement system associated with the housing, a light source associated with the housing, an infrared measurement system associated with the interior of the housing, and a visible light sensor system. The movement system is configured to move the housing on a surface of a composite structure. The light source is configured to emit light. The infrared measurement system is configured to generate infrared measurement information from infrared light detected by the infrared measurement system through the open section. The visible light sensor system is configured to generate image information about the surface of the composite structure.

Abstract: A system to test operation of an optical sensor is disclosed. The optical sensor includes one or more photosensitive devices configured to convert light to electrical signals. A test light source and a reference target are included within the housing of the optical sensor. The test light source is mounted proximate to the photosensitive devices and the reference target is positioned opposite from the test light source. The test light source is periodically pulsed on to emit light at a known wavelength. The light is reflected from the reference target back to at least a portion of the photosensitive devices. A logic circuit uses the reflected light which is received at the portion of the photosensitive devices to determine the distance between the light source and the reference target. This calculated distance is compared against the known distance to verify correct operation of the optical sensor.

Abstract: The thermoelectric detector comprises an infrared absorber pixel structure supported by two electrically connected beams made of a thermoelectric material. One end of the thermoelectric beam connects to the infrared absorber pixel structure; the other end connects to the substrate. The detector comprises a microlens for collecting and focusing infrared radiation on the detector. Infrared radiation is incident on the infrared absorber pixel structure results in a temperature gradient along the length of the thermoelectric legs, and generating an electrical voltage proportional to the gradient. A low noise SIGe BiCMOS readout integrated circuit is coupled to the detector to provide a background limited detector having improved detectivity.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a device and a method for measuring a via hole of a silicon wafer, wherein it is possible to precisely measure the depth of the via hole without damaging the wafer. Broadband infrared light is radiated to a silicon wafer which has a superior light transmission property, so that the depth of the via hole may be measured from the light which is reflected from each boundary surface of the wafer and the interference signal of reference light. The via hole measuring device according to the present invention includes: a light source unit for generating broadband infrared light; and an interferometer for radiating the light generated from the light source unit to a silicon wafer, so as to measure the depth of a via hole formed on the wafer according to the spectrum period of the interference signal of the light, which is reflected from the silicon wafer.

Abstract: A multi-wavelength band imaging system including a beam splitter is provided, allowing image capturing means adapted to specific wavelength bands to be used such as from visible to near infrared, intermediate infrared and far infrared. The system may have a field of view of substantially (360) degrees about an optical axis of the system and may fit into a golf ball sized housing. The imaging system includes a first convex mirror and a second concave mirror. Some embodiments for imaging single or close wavelength bands and not requiring a beam splitter are equally provided. Also provided is a self-righting housing for an imaging system, for example as described above, which self-rights under the action of gravity, thereby disposing the imaging system in an appropriate orientation.

Abstract: An IR microscope (1) is constituted such that, in an optical viewing mode in a beam path of visible light (VIS-R, VIS-T), a first intermediate focus (ZW1) is imaged onto a flat detector surface (15a) of a camera. The IR microscope (1) is constituted such that, in the beam path of the visible light (VIS-R, VIS-T), the first intermediate focus (ZW1) is imaged onto a second intermediate focus (ZW2), and, in the second intermediate focus (ZW2), a Mangin mirror (11) is disposed that corrects a field curvature of the Cassegrain objective (4). The invention provides an IR microscope in which the field curvature generated by the Cassegrain objective is corrected in a simple manner in the optical viewing mode when detection is performed using a flat detector and without restricting the spectral range of the IR microscope.

Abstract: A gas sensor system includes a laser module, optical chamber module, and a gas sensor cell. The laser chamber module includes two laser light sources producing laser light emissions at wavelengths ?1 and ?2, respectively. Each beam path optionally includes an optical isolator. The beam paths enter the housing of the optical chamber module where they are combined into a third wavelength, ?. The housing of the optical chamber module includes an inlet and an outlet for passing a selected target gas. The gas sensor cell mates to the inlet of the housing. The target gas passes through the adjacent gas cell and into the optical chamber module through the inlet. The target gas exits the optical chamber module through the outlet. Within the optical chamber module, a nonlinear crystal receives the laser light emissions at wavelengths ?1 and ?2 and generates the third wavelength, ?3. The wavelength ?3 is selected to be at the mid-IR spectral absorption feature of the target gas, i.e.

Abstract: An optical interrogator system including a broad spectrum light source capable of emitting light having a spectral width spanning at least approximately 20 nm, and at least one optical sensor coupled to the broad spectrum light source by at least one multimode optical fiber, wherein the at least one multimode optical fiber is configured to support a plurality of propagation modes, and a method of using the same are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Optical detectors and associated systems and methods are generally described. In certain embodiments, the optical detectors comprise nanowire-based single-photon detectors, including those with advantageous geometric configurations.

Abstract: A radiation sensor device including an integrated circuit chip including a radiation sensor on a surface of the integrated chip, one or more electrical connections configured to connect between an active surface of the integrated circuit chip and a lead frame, a cap attached to said integrated circuit chip spaced from and covering said radiation sensor, the cap having a transparent portion defining a primary lens transparent to the radiation to be sensed, a secondary lens disposed in a recess proximate and spaced from said primary lens transparent to the radiation to be sensed, and an air gap between said primary lens and said secondary lens.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an input unit, a processing unit and a coding/decoding system. The coding/decoding system includes a reflector array, a knob group, an infrared emission unit, an infrared receiving unit and a coding/decoding unit. The reflector array includes at least one mirror mounted rotatably in the electronic device. The knob group is configured for adjusting angles of the reflector array. The infrared receiving unit is configured for receiving infrared rays reflected by the reflector array and generating a password signal according to the received infrared rays. The coding/decoding unit is configured for receiving the password signal and converting the password signal into a password. The coding/decoding unit stores the password and locks the electronic device according to the password. To unlock the electronic device, the coding/decoding unit compares the password with a pre-stored password to determine whether to unlock the electronic device.

Abstract: An opto-electronic module includes a detecting channel comprising a detecting member for detecting light and an emission channel comprising an emission member for emitting light generally detectable by said detecting member. Therein, a radiation distribution characteristic for an emission of light from said emission channel is non rotationally symmetric; and/or a sensitivity distribution characteristic for a detection in said detecting channel of light incident on said detection channel is non rotationally symmetric; and/or a central or main emission direction for an emission of light from said emission channel and a central or main detection direction for a detection of light incident on said detection channel are aligned not parallel to each other; and/or at least a first one of the channels comprises one or more passive optical components.

Abstract: Traffic monitors based on non-imaging radiation detectors are described. A traffic monitor includes a non-imaging radiation detector that senses spatially patterned radiation emanating from objects moving in a traffic pattern. The detector generates a time varying output signal based on the sensed radiation. Signal processing circuitry is used to analyze the time varying output signal using time domain analysis to provide the traffic information.

Abstract: A bolometric detector of a terahertz radiation, including: an assembly reflective for said electromagnetic radiation; at least one bolometric microbridge suspended above the reflective assembly and including a first bowtie antenna, a resistive load coupled with said antenna, and a thermometric element coupled with the resistive load. The reflective assembly includes: a reflective layer; an insulating layer on the reflective layer; a periodic array of metallic patterns on the insulating layer, the thickness and the dielectric permittivity of the insulating layer, and the pitch and the filling factor of the array being selected to obtain a constructive interference at the level of said microbridge.

Abstract: A terahertz continuous wave system in accordance with the inventive concept may include a terahertz wave generator generating a terahertz continuous wave; a non-destructive detector measuring a change of the terahertz continuous wave by emitting the generated terahertz continuous wave to a sample and controlling a focal point of the emitted terahertz continuous wave while two-dimensionally moving the sample at predetermined intervals; and a three-dimensional image processor obtaining a three-dimensional image using two-dimensional images corresponding to the measured terahertz continuous wave.

Abstract: A radiation sensor includes first and second pixels with a radiation absorption filter positioned over the first pixel and an interference filter positioned over both the first and second pixels. The combined spectral response of the absorption filter and the first pixel has a first pixel pass-band and a first pixel stop-band. The spectral response of the interference filter has an interference filter pass-band which is substantially within the first pixel pass-band for radiation incident on the interference filter at a first angle of incidence, and substantially within the first pixel stop-band for radiation incident on the interference filter at a second angle of incidence greater than the first angle of incidence.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for performing photothermal measurements on a object. The apparatus, which may be provided as a handpiece, houses optical components including a laser, an infrared detector, a dichroic beamsplitter, and focusing and beam directing optics for the delivery of a laser beam to, and the collection of photothermal radiation from, a measured object. Some of the optical components may be provided on an optical bench that is directly attached to a thermally conductive tip portion for the passive heat sinking of internal optical components. The apparatus may further include a sampling optical element and a photodetector for the detection of luminescence, and a camera for obtaining an image of the object during a diagnostic procedure. The apparatus may be employed for the scanning of a tooth to determine an oral health status of the tooth.