Abstract: Pixel-level monolithic optical element configurations for uncooled infrared detectors and focal plane arrays in which a monolithically integrated or fabricated optical element may be suspended over a microbolometer pixel membrane structure of an uncooled infrared detector element A monolithic optical element may be, for example, a polarizing or spectral filter element, an optically active filter element, or a microlens element that is structurally attached by an insulating interconnect to the existing metal interconnects such that the installation of the optical element substantially does not impact the thermal mass or thermal time constant of the microbolometer pixel structure, and such that it requires little if any additional device real estate area beyond the area originally consumed by the microbolometer pixel structure interconnects.

Abstract: A diagnostic system having a single-port EGR probe and a method for using the same. The system includes a light source, an EGR probe, a detector and a processor. The light source may provide a combined light beam composed of light from a mid-infrared signal source and a mid-infrared reference source. The signal source may be centered at 4.2 ?m and the reference source may be centered at 3.8 ?m. The EGR probe may be a single-port probe with internal optics and a sampling chamber with two flow cells arranged along the light path in series. The optics may include a lens for focusing the light beam and a mirror for reflecting the light beam received from a pitch optical cable to a catch optical cable. The signal and reference sources are modulated at different frequencies, thereby allowing them to be separated and the signal normalized by the processor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for detecting foreign matter and a method for detecting foreign matter to detect a foreign matter on a surface of an object such as a film of an electrode mixture etc. or a foreign matter contained in the object, thereby to improve the reliability of the object. By irradiating an object with a terahertz illumination light 100 (wavelength of 4 ?m to 10 mm) and detecting a scattered light 660 from an electrode 10 as an example of the object by a scattered light detector 200, a foreign matter on a surface of the electrode 10 or contained in the electrode 10, for example, a metal foreign matter 720, is detected. The electrode 10 is one in which electrode mixture layers 700 each including an active material 701, conductive additive and a binder as components are coated on both surfaces of a collector 710. The scattered light 660 results from a part of a transmitted light 656 reflected by the metal foreign matter 720.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a measurement device includes an electromagnetic wave detector, a phase measurement unit and a deriving unit. The electromagnetic wave detector detects an electromagnetic wave having a frequency equal to or more than 0.02 THz and equal to or less than 12 THz having traveled inside an object to be measured, which is an aggregation of particles. The phase measurement unit measures a change in phase of the electromagnetic wave generated by the travel inside the object to be measured based on a detection result by the electromagnetic wave detector. The deriving unit derives hardness or porosity of the object to be measured based on a measurement result by the phase measurement unit.

Abstract: A flat lens with multiple focal lengths has a lens segment. The lens segment is flat and has multiple convex lenses. The convex lenses are mounted on one of the surfaces of the lens segment, and have multiple focal lengths. With the different focal lengths of the convex lenses, multiple distances of detection of a sensor behind the lens segment can be extended to different lengths, and further increase the range of detection. Besides, with different distances of detection, the accuracy of detection would be enhanced effectively, and the erroneous estimate on a volume of the object would reduce effectively. Furthermore, because a shape of the lens segment is flat, the lens as described is more innovative and aesthetically appealing, and is relatively easier to match the building's design or decoration.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure involve an apparatus and method to measure the long-wave irradiance of the atmosphere or long-wave source. The apparatus may involve a thermopile, a concentrator and temperature controller. The incoming long-wave irradiance may be reflected from the concentrator to a thermopile receiver located at the bottom of the concentrator to receive the reflected long-wave irradiance. In addition, the thermopile may be thermally connected to a temperature controller to control the device temperature. Through use of the apparatus, the long-wave irradiance of the atmosphere may be calculated from several measurements provided by the apparatus. In addition, the apparatus may provide an international standard of pyrgeometers' calibration that is traceable back to the International System of Units (SI) rather than to a blackbody atmospheric simulator.

Abstract: Various techniques are disclosed for providing systems and methods for orienting one or more lenses or other optical elements in a lens sleeve. For example, a system may include a lens sleeve defining an interior lens cavity. A plurality of lens positioning features extend from the lens sleeve adjacent the interior lens cavity. A first lens is secured in the lens cavity at a first position relative to the lens sleeve. A first set of the lens positioning features are located at a second position relative to the lens sleeve, and a second set of the lens positioning features are located at a third position relative to the lens sleeve. A second lens engages either the first set or the second set of the plurality of lens positioning features depending on a desired distance between the first lens and the second lens.

Abstract: A radiation sensor includes first and second pixels with a radiation absorption filter positioned over the first pixel and an interference filter positioned over both the first and second pixels. The combined spectral response of the absorption filter and the first pixel has a first pixel pass-band and a first pixel stop-band. The interference filter has a first interference filter pass-band substantially within the first pixel pass-band and a second interference filter pass-band substantially within the first pixel stop-band.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus includes a body, an inner case disposed inside the body in a cooking compartment where food is being cooked, a detection hole formed at a wall of one side of the inner case, so that an infrared ray generated at the cooking compartment is released to the outside of the cooking compartment, and an infrared ray detecting apparatus including a reflecting mirror, which has a plurality of reflection surfaces and configured to change a path of an incident infrared ray, and an infrared ray sensor configured to receive the infrared ray having the path thereof changed to detect an intensity of the infrared ray, thereby reducing the size of a detection hole configured to pass the infrared ray that is generated inside the cooking compartment, so that the adverse effect caused by the leakage of a microwave is minimized.

Abstract: A sensor device has an optical waveguide containing an electro-optic crystal for propagating light, a coupler provided adjacent to the optical waveguide to propagate a terahertz wave generated from the electro-optic crystal as a result of the propagation of light in the optical waveguide, and a detector for detecting the terahertz wave propagating through the coupler or the light propagating through the optical waveguide. The terahertz wave is totally reflected in a section of the coupler opposite to a section where the coupler is adjacent to the optical waveguide while passing through and propagating in the optical waveguide, and in the total reflection section, the terahertz wave interacts with a subject placed close to the total reflection section.

Abstract: An infra-red motion detector for monitoring motion in a monitored space is described. The motion detector includes, within a housing, an infra-red radiation sensor sensitive to infra-red radiation incident through a window. A refractive optical system within the housing selects incident infra-red radiation for redirection onto the infra-red sensor. An external light source mounted externally of the housing directs external light through the window providing a recognizable light input. A refractive Fresnel patch mounted externally to the window selects incident light from the external light source and redirects it to a tamper sensor within the housing. A detection controller processes signals output by both sensors in monitoring the space. The detection controller detects incident light from the external light source and trips a tamper alarm in failing detection, and further detects changes in infra-red radiation in the monitored space and trips an intrusion alarm upon detecting changes.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave measurement device includes an electromagnetic wave outputter that outputs an electromagnetic wave having a frequency equal to or more than 0.01 THz and equal to or less than 100 THz toward a device under test. An electromagnetic wave detector detects the electromagnetic wave which has transmitted through the device under test. A relative position changer changes a relative position of an intersection of an optical path of the electromagnetic wave transmitting through the device under test and the device under test, with respect to the device under test, so that the intersection is at a predetermined relative position due to the refraction of the electromagnetic wave by the device under test. A characteristic value deriver derives a characteristic value of the electromagnetic wave based on a detection result of the electromagnetic wave detector, the characteristic value being associated with the predetermined relative position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inspecting a composite structure. A resin inspection system comprises a housing having an open section, a movement system associated with the housing, a light source associated with the housing, an infrared measurement system associated with the interior of the housing, and a visible light sensor system. The movement system is configured to move the housing on a surface of a composite structure. The light source is configured to emit light. The infrared measurement system is configured to generate infrared measurement information from infrared light detected by the infrared measurement system through the open section. The visible light sensor system is configured to generate image information about the surface of the composite structure.

Abstract: A system to test operation of an optical sensor is disclosed. The optical sensor includes one or more photosensitive devices configured to convert light to electrical signals. A test light source and a reference target are included within the housing of the optical sensor. The test light source is mounted proximate to the photosensitive devices and the reference target is positioned opposite from the test light source. The test light source is periodically pulsed on to emit light at a known wavelength. The light is reflected from the reference target back to at least a portion of the photosensitive devices. A logic circuit uses the reflected light which is received at the portion of the photosensitive devices to determine the distance between the light source and the reference target. This calculated distance is compared against the known distance to verify correct operation of the optical sensor.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a device and a method for measuring a via hole of a silicon wafer, wherein it is possible to precisely measure the depth of the via hole without damaging the wafer. Broadband infrared light is radiated to a silicon wafer which has a superior light transmission property, so that the depth of the via hole may be measured from the light which is reflected from each boundary surface of the wafer and the interference signal of reference light. The via hole measuring device according to the present invention includes: a light source unit for generating broadband infrared light; and an interferometer for radiating the light generated from the light source unit to a silicon wafer, so as to measure the depth of a via hole formed on the wafer according to the spectrum period of the interference signal of the light, which is reflected from the silicon wafer.

Abstract: The thermoelectric detector comprises an infrared absorber pixel structure supported by two electrically connected beams made of a thermoelectric material. One end of the thermoelectric beam connects to the infrared absorber pixel structure; the other end connects to the substrate. The detector comprises a microlens for collecting and focusing infrared radiation on the detector. Infrared radiation is incident on the infrared absorber pixel structure results in a temperature gradient along the length of the thermoelectric legs, and generating an electrical voltage proportional to the gradient. A low noise SIGe BiCMOS readout integrated circuit is coupled to the detector to provide a background limited detector having improved detectivity.

Abstract: A multi-wavelength band imaging system including a beam splitter is provided, allowing image capturing means adapted to specific wavelength bands to be used such as from visible to near infrared, intermediate infrared and far infrared. The system may have a field of view of substantially (360) degrees about an optical axis of the system and may fit into a golf ball sized housing. The imaging system includes a first convex mirror and a second concave mirror. Some embodiments for imaging single or close wavelength bands and not requiring a beam splitter are equally provided. Also provided is a self-righting housing for an imaging system, for example as described above, which self-rights under the action of gravity, thereby disposing the imaging system in an appropriate orientation.

Abstract: An IR microscope (1) is constituted such that, in an optical viewing mode in a beam path of visible light (VIS-R, VIS-T), a first intermediate focus (ZW1) is imaged onto a flat detector surface (15a) of a camera. The IR microscope (1) is constituted such that, in the beam path of the visible light (VIS-R, VIS-T), the first intermediate focus (ZW1) is imaged onto a second intermediate focus (ZW2), and, in the second intermediate focus (ZW2), a Mangin mirror (11) is disposed that corrects a field curvature of the Cassegrain objective (4). The invention provides an IR microscope in which the field curvature generated by the Cassegrain objective is corrected in a simple manner in the optical viewing mode when detection is performed using a flat detector and without restricting the spectral range of the IR microscope.

Abstract: A gas sensor system includes a laser module, optical chamber module, and a gas sensor cell. The laser chamber module includes two laser light sources producing laser light emissions at wavelengths ?1 and ?2, respectively. Each beam path optionally includes an optical isolator. The beam paths enter the housing of the optical chamber module where they are combined into a third wavelength, ?. The housing of the optical chamber module includes an inlet and an outlet for passing a selected target gas. The gas sensor cell mates to the inlet of the housing. The target gas passes through the adjacent gas cell and into the optical chamber module through the inlet. The target gas exits the optical chamber module through the outlet. Within the optical chamber module, a nonlinear crystal receives the laser light emissions at wavelengths ?1 and ?2 and generates the third wavelength, ?3. The wavelength ?3 is selected to be at the mid-IR spectral absorption feature of the target gas, i.e.

Abstract: Optical detectors and associated systems and methods are generally described. In certain embodiments, the optical detectors comprise nanowire-based single-photon detectors, including those with advantageous geometric configurations.

Abstract: An optical interrogator system including a broad spectrum light source capable of emitting light having a spectral width spanning at least approximately 20 nm, and at least one optical sensor coupled to the broad spectrum light source by at least one multimode optical fiber, wherein the at least one multimode optical fiber is configured to support a plurality of propagation modes, and a method of using the same are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A radiation sensor device including an integrated circuit chip including a radiation sensor on a surface of the integrated chip, one or more electrical connections configured to connect between an active surface of the integrated circuit chip and a lead frame, a cap attached to said integrated circuit chip spaced from and covering said radiation sensor, the cap having a transparent portion defining a primary lens transparent to the radiation to be sensed, a secondary lens disposed in a recess proximate and spaced from said primary lens transparent to the radiation to be sensed, and an air gap between said primary lens and said secondary lens.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an input unit, a processing unit and a coding/decoding system. The coding/decoding system includes a reflector array, a knob group, an infrared emission unit, an infrared receiving unit and a coding/decoding unit. The reflector array includes at least one mirror mounted rotatably in the electronic device. The knob group is configured for adjusting angles of the reflector array. The infrared receiving unit is configured for receiving infrared rays reflected by the reflector array and generating a password signal according to the received infrared rays. The coding/decoding unit is configured for receiving the password signal and converting the password signal into a password. The coding/decoding unit stores the password and locks the electronic device according to the password. To unlock the electronic device, the coding/decoding unit compares the password with a pre-stored password to determine whether to unlock the electronic device.

Abstract: Traffic monitors based on non-imaging radiation detectors are described. A traffic monitor includes a non-imaging radiation detector that senses spatially patterned radiation emanating from objects moving in a traffic pattern. The detector generates a time varying output signal based on the sensed radiation. Signal processing circuitry is used to analyze the time varying output signal using time domain analysis to provide the traffic information.

Abstract: An opto-electronic module includes a detecting channel comprising a detecting member for detecting light and an emission channel comprising an emission member for emitting light generally detectable by said detecting member. Therein, a radiation distribution characteristic for an emission of light from said emission channel is non rotationally symmetric; and/or a sensitivity distribution characteristic for a detection in said detecting channel of light incident on said detection channel is non rotationally symmetric; and/or a central or main emission direction for an emission of light from said emission channel and a central or main detection direction for a detection of light incident on said detection channel are aligned not parallel to each other; and/or at least a first one of the channels comprises one or more passive optical components.

Abstract: A bolometric detector of a terahertz radiation, including: an assembly reflective for said electromagnetic radiation; at least one bolometric microbridge suspended above the reflective assembly and including a first bowtie antenna, a resistive load coupled with said antenna, and a thermometric element coupled with the resistive load. The reflective assembly includes: a reflective layer; an insulating layer on the reflective layer; a periodic array of metallic patterns on the insulating layer, the thickness and the dielectric permittivity of the insulating layer, and the pitch and the filling factor of the array being selected to obtain a constructive interference at the level of said microbridge.

Abstract: A terahertz continuous wave system in accordance with the inventive concept may include a terahertz wave generator generating a terahertz continuous wave; a non-destructive detector measuring a change of the terahertz continuous wave by emitting the generated terahertz continuous wave to a sample and controlling a focal point of the emitted terahertz continuous wave while two-dimensionally moving the sample at predetermined intervals; and a three-dimensional image processor obtaining a three-dimensional image using two-dimensional images corresponding to the measured terahertz continuous wave.

Abstract: A radiation sensor includes first and second pixels with a radiation absorption filter positioned over the first pixel and an interference filter positioned over both the first and second pixels. The combined spectral response of the absorption filter and the first pixel has a first pixel pass-band and a first pixel stop-band. The spectral response of the interference filter has an interference filter pass-band which is substantially within the first pixel pass-band for radiation incident on the interference filter at a first angle of incidence, and substantially within the first pixel stop-band for radiation incident on the interference filter at a second angle of incidence greater than the first angle of incidence.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for performing photothermal measurements on a object. The apparatus, which may be provided as a handpiece, houses optical components including a laser, an infrared detector, a dichroic beamsplitter, and focusing and beam directing optics for the delivery of a laser beam to, and the collection of photothermal radiation from, a measured object. Some of the optical components may be provided on an optical bench that is directly attached to a thermally conductive tip portion for the passive heat sinking of internal optical components. The apparatus may further include a sampling optical element and a photodetector for the detection of luminescence, and a camera for obtaining an image of the object during a diagnostic procedure. The apparatus may be employed for the scanning of a tooth to determine an oral health status of the tooth.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a sensing assembly. The assembly includes a sensing assembly housing for enclosing an interior. The assembly further includes a plurality of sensing assembly components which are at least partially positioned, or at least partially contained, within the interior. And the assembly includes an indicator lens device which is integral with, or integrated with respect to the housing. In at least some embodiments, at least a portion of the housing coincides at least in part with a first axis and at least a portion of the indicator lens coincides with a second axis, such that the first axis and the second axis intersect to form an oblique viewing angle range and at least a portion of the indicator lens device is visible at least substantially throughout the oblique (e.g., obtuse) viewing angle range.

Abstract: A non-destructive method for chemical imaging with ˜1 nm to 10 ?m spatial resolution (depending on the type of heat source) without sample preparation and in a non-contact manner. In one embodiment, a sample undergoes photo-thermal heating using an IR laser and the resulting increase in thermal emissions is measured with either an IR detector or a laser probe having a visible laser reflected from the sample. In another embodiment, the infrared laser is replaced with a focused electron or ion source while the thermal emission is collected in the same manner as with the infrared heating. The achievable spatial resolution of this embodiment is in the 1-50 nm range.

Abstract: A radiation sensor (10) comprises one or more radiation sensing elements (1) providing an electric signal in dependence of incident radiation, a housing (4, 5) confining the sensing element and permitting incidence of radiation from outside onto the sensing element, plural terminals (7) for supplying electrical power to the sensor and at least for outputting a sensor output signal, and circuitry (2) receiving the electric signal of the sensing element and providing the output signal in accordance with the electric signal of the sensing element. The circuitry comprises a switching signal circuitry for generating an on/off output signal for a switchable component external to the sensor and/or a digital output signal circuitry for providing a multiple bit serial output signal, and the sensor has one output terminal (7a) for outputting the on/off output signal or the multiple bit serial output signal.

Abstract: Each lens of a multi-segment lens is a Fresnel lens in which a second surface, being the reverse side surface of a first surface, has a plurality of lens surfaces. At least one of the plurality of lens surfaces is configured from a part of a side surface of an elliptical cone having a central axis oblique to a normal line of the first surface. Any normal line intersecting with the lens surface configured from the part of the side surface of the elliptical cone among normal lines of respective points on the first surface is non-parallel to a central axis of the elliptical cone corresponding to the lens surface with which the any normal line intersects.

Abstract: A surface mountable radiation guide for a radiation path between a measurement volume (1) and an electro-optical component has a first radiation interface in a radiation path towards the measurement volume, a third radiation interface in a radiation path towards the electro-optical component, and a reflecting portion forming a first radiation path between the first and the third radiation interface, said first radiation path providing a focus region at the measurement volume.

Abstract: An optical device includes a body tube having an open end; a main reflector mounted to the other end opposite to the open end via an inner space of the body tube; a secondary reflector provided in the body tube to enable a light reflected by the main reflector incident thereon; a splitter arranged between the main reflector and the secondary reflector to enable a light reflected toward the inner space of the body tube by the secondary incident thereon, the splitter configured to divide the light incident thereon into a light at a visible wavelength range and a light at an infrared ray wavelength range; a visible ray analysis unit configured to read the light at the visible wavelength range incident from the splitter; and an infrared ray analysis unit configured to read the light at the infrared ray wavelength range incident from the splitter.

Abstract: An occupancy sensing electronic thermostat is described that includes a thermostat body having a curved exterior front surface, a dot matrix display mounted within the body viewable by a user in front of the front surface, a passive infrared sensor for measuring infrared energy and a shaped Fresnel lens having a smooth outer surface that extends across only a portion of the exterior front surface of the thermostat body. The Fresnel lens is shaped and curved so as to conform to and form a part of the curved exterior front surface of the thermostat body. A second downwardly directed passive infrared sensor can also be provided to aid in the detection of an approaching user who intends to interact with the thermostat.

Abstract: An optical navigation device, such as an optical navigation joystick or mouse, includes an internal redirector which may be separate or formed from material of a touch surface of the optical device. The redirector is disposed at an angle with respect to a plane of the touch surface, operative to reflect light which would otherwise strike the touch surface at a low angle and be internally reflected. The light may be reflected in a direction away from a light sensor of the device, reducing sensed internally reflected light, or may be reflected into the touch surface at a higher angle, potentially increasing a quantity of good signal. The redirector may also include portions which block light directly emitted from a light emitter, or reflected off other surfaces of the navigation device.

Abstract: An infrared sensing device mounted in the faucet for a wash basin. The device includes a housing, an emitting lens for focusing the emitted infrared light, and a receiving lens for focusing the reflected infrared light. The optical center of the emitting lens is biased to cause the emitted light to deviate from the basin and from a water column flowing from the faucet.

Abstract: A closed path infrared sensor includes an enclosure, a first energy source within the enclosure, at least a second energy source within the enclosure, at least one detector system within the enclosure and a mirror system external to the enclosure and spaced from the enclosure. The mirror system reflects energy from the first energy source to the at least one detector system via a first analytical path and reflects energy from the second energy source to the at least one detector system via a second analytical path. Each of the first analytical path and the second analytical path are less than two feet in length.

Abstract: A lens assembly for a passive infrared motion detector has one or more rows of far field Fresnel lenses arranged on a substantially cylindrical sheet and operative to collect light onto a sensor location. A plurality of rows of mid/near field Fresnel lenses are arranged on a basically spherical sheet, and the mid/near field lenses are operative to collect light onto the sensor location. An infrared motion detector also has an infrared sensor with a lens assembly having a plurality of lenses on a spherical surface collecting light from a corresponding number of zones onto said sensor, and a reflector mounted in the detector directs light collected by at least one of the lenses onto the sensor for providing one or more creep zones.

Abstract: A terahertz wave generation element is provided, which includes: an optical waveguide including a core of electro-optic crystal; an optical coupler for extracting a terahertz wave generated from the optical waveguide when light propagates in the optical waveguide to a space; and a reflecting layer disposed on the opposite side to the optical coupler with respect to the core of the optical waveguide, so as to reflect the generated terahertz wave. According to the element, it is possible to provide a generation element that can generate a relatively high intensity terahertz wave efficiently by photoexcitation or generate a terahertz wave having a relatively narrow pulse width, so as to flexibly control waveform shaping of the generated terahertz wave.

Abstract: A device for the contactless and nondestructive testing of a surface by measuring the infrared radiation thereof has one or more incoherent electromagnetic radiation sources (1) and a detector (14) arranged on a detection axis (9), wherein the radiation sources (1) are arranged at a radial distance from the detection axis (9), at a distance from a testing area (7). In this arrangement, a pulsed or intensity-modulated excitation radiation (2) can be generated by these radiation sources (1) and applied to the surface (6) to be tested in the testing area (7) at an inclination to the detection axis (9) in the testing area (7). The detection radiation emitted by a measuring area (8) of the surface (6) to be tested can be fed to the detector (14), wherein the detector (14) is arranged on the detection axis (9) further away spatially from the testing area (7) than the radiation sources (1).

Abstract: A sensor for detecting electromagnetic radiation comprises a sensor element, a housing in which the sensor element is disposed, and a radiation inlet window provided in the housing and closed by a material transmissible for the radiation to be detected. The transmissible material is fixed to the housing by fixation means not disposed in the field of view of the sensor element.

Abstract: An intrusion detector comprising a passive sensor for detecting a person entering a space to be monitored, said intrusion detector comprising a housing provided with a window for said passive sensor, optical means for directing electromagnetic radiation from said person onto the passive sensor, alarm means connected to said passive sensor for generating an alarm in case the electromagnetic radiation from said person being detected by the passive sensor corresponds to a signal value that exceeds a maximum level or falls below a minimum level, a special feature being the fact that the optical means are provided with a mirror curved in two directions for forming at least one protective curtain extending in a vertical plane in the space to be monitored, wherein the passive sensor is disposed on the optical axis at the focus of the mirror, and wherein the mirror directs a beam of electromagnetic radiation from the person, rotated through at least 45°, preferably through at least substantially 90°, onto the passive

Abstract: A terahertz ellipsometer, the basic preferred embodiment being a sequential system having a backward wave oscillator (BWO); a first rotatable polarizer that includes a wire grid (WGP1); a rotating polarizer that includes a wire grid (RWGP); a stage (STG) for supporting a sample (S); a rotating retarder (RRET) comprising first (RP), second (RM1), third (RM2) and fourth (RM3) elements; a second rotatable polarizer that includes a wire grid (WGP2); and a Golay cell detector (DET).

Abstract: A reflection sensing system comprising a body, an illuming module and a detecting module. The body is made of LCP. The illuming module includes a first accommodating space and an LED, and the detecting module includes a light detector. The first accommodating space is disposed in the body and has a first opening at one end. In the first accommodating space, the neighboring region relative to the first opening is parabolic or approximately parabolic. At an end at an inner side of the first accommodating space near the light detector, at least one cross-section near the first opening is not parabolic or approximately parabolic. The LED is disposed at the focus of the first accommodating space and aligned towards the first opening. The light detector of the detecting module is disposed in the body and generates a sensing signal after receiving light.

Abstract: Flame detectors and methods of detecting flames are described herein. One device includes an optical element configured to process mid wave infra-red light and long wave infra-red light emitted from an area, and a bolometer configured to detect a flame in the area based on the mid wave infra-red light and long wave infra-red light processed by the optical element.

Abstract: A reflective photosensor detects a target object. The photosensor includes a transparent circuit board, a light emitter and a light receiver on one surface of the circuit board, including a light emitting element and a light receiving element, respectively, and disposed so that the light emitting element and the light receiving element face the one surface, a concave portion on the other surface of the circuit board, including a first refractive face to oppose the light emitting element and refract light from the light emitting element to the light receiving element and a second refractive face to oppose the light receiving element and refract, to the light receiver, a component of the light refracted by the first refractive face and specularly reflected by the target object.

Abstract: Probe light pulses output from a light source are input to an optical effect unit after the beam diameter is changed by a beam diameter changing optical system, the pulse front is tilted by a pulse front tilting unit, and the beam diameter is adjusted by a beam diameter adjusting optical system. To the optical effect unit, probe light pulses output from the beam diameter adjusting optical system are input, and an electromagnetic wave being an object to be detected is also input. Optical characteristics of the optical effect unit change due to propagation of the electromagnetic wave, and probe light pulses affected by the change in optical characteristics are output from the optical effect unit. The probe light pulses output from the optical effect unit are detected by a photodetector.

Abstract: Infrared imagery device with integrated shield against parasite infrared radiation, and method of manufacturing the device. This device comprises a support (62) provided with an infrared radiation detector (40), at least one optical device (28) facing the detector, and a shield against parasite radiation. The shield comprises at least two continuous beads (c1, c2), spaced from each other, extending from the support as far as the optical device, provided with vents and made of a material that significantly attenuates parasite radiation, penetrating laterally between the support and the optical device. The two beads with their vents form a baffle. The device is manufactured using the flip chip technique.