Abstract: A radiation sensor including a scintillation layer configured to emit photons upon interaction with ionizing radiation and a photodetector including in order a first electrode, a photosensitive layer, and a photon-transmissive second electrode disposed in proximity to the scintillation layer. The photosensitive layer is configured to generate electron-hole pairs upon interaction with a part of the photons. The radiation sensor includes pixel circuitry electrically connected to the first electrode and configured to measure an imaging signal indicative of the electron-hole pairs generated in the photosensitive layer and a planarization layer disposed on the pixel circuitry between the first electrode and the pixel circuitry such that the first electrode is above a plane including the pixel circuitry. A surface of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode at least partially overlaps the pixel circuitry and has a surface inflection above features of the pixel circuitry.

Abstract: A gamma ray imager includes a chamber containing a scintillation liquid such as xenon and several mutually optically isolated interaction modules immersed in the scintillation liquid within the chamber. Multiple photodetectors optically coupled to the modules separately detect scintillation light resulting from gamma ray interactions in the modules. Charge readout devices coupled to the modules provide time projection chamber-class detection of ionization charges produced by gamma ray interactions within the modules. A signal processor connected to the multiple photodetectors and charge readout devices analyzes signals produced by gamma ray interactions within the modules and calculates from the signals gamma ray energy and gamma ray angle. The calculations use Compton scattering formula inversion and also use anti-correlation of prompt scintillation light signals from gamma ray interactions and charge signals from gamma ray interactions.

Abstract: An x-ray detector module including a silicon photomultiplier and a computed tomography imaging system including the same is provided. The x-ray detector module includes optically coupled scintillation materials and silicon photomultiplier pixels. The x-ray detector pixels may have a constant axial profile with a polygonal cross section, which may be rectangular. A plurality of the x-ray detector pixels are generally arranged into 2D arrays. Each x-ray detector pixel may be connected to a dedicated electronic readout channel. In operation, the scintillation materials interact with incident x-ray photons to generate visible-light photons. The silicon photomultiplier pixels generate electrical signals in accordance with the number of visible-light photons generated by an incident x-ray photon. The electronic readout channels process the electrical signals to determine characteristics of the incident x-ray photons. Information of a plurality of x-ray photons are compiled to generate computed tomography images.

Abstract: Provided are a gamma ray detector and a gamma ray reconstruction method which can be used in SPECT and PET and which combine and reconstruct the information on “Compton-scattered” gamma rays, thereby remarkably increasing gamma ray detection sensitivity, decreasing the amount of a radioactive substance given to a subject, and remarkably reducing the concern about the amount of radiation exposure. The gamma ray detector comprises an absorber scintillator 12 made from an absorptive substance exhibiting a high rate of absorption with respect to gamma rays 1 in an energy region, emitted from a subject, a Compton scattering scintillator 14 made from a Compton scattering substance exhibiting a high probability of Compton scattering, and an energy detector 16 which combines the amounts of gamma ray energy absorption simultaneously measured by the two types of scintillators to reconstruct the gamma rays emitted from the subject.

Abstract: A radiation detecting apparatus capable of obtaining good images including decreased noises includes a plurality of pixels, each having a photoelectric conversion element for converting an incident radiation into an electric signal and a a first switch element connected to the photoelectric conversion element and a second switch element being not connected to the conversion element; a first signal line; a second signal line; and a drive line, wherein the first switch element has a first main electrode connected electrically to the first signal line, a second main electrode connected electrically to the photoelectric conversion element, and a gate electrode connected electrically to the drive line, the second switch element has a first main electrode connected to the second signal line and a gate electrode connected electrically to the drive wiring common to the first switch element, and a differential means for outputting a signal corresponding to a difference between outputs from the first and second switch

Abstract: A radiation detector module for use in nuclear medical imagers employing radiation transmission or radiopharmaceuticals includes a rigid, optically opaque grid defined around a plurality of scintillator crystals. The grid defines a plurality of cells in which each scintillator crystal is completely disposed within in such a manner that an air layer exists between the scintillator crystal and the walls of the grid. A plurality of photoelectric detectors, each of which is associated with a corresponding scintillator crystal, are optically coupled to corresponding scintillator crystals by an optical coupling layer disposed within the cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an indirect radiation detector for detecting radiation (X), e.g. for medical imaging systems. The detector has an array of pixels (P1-P6), each pixel (P) being sub-divided into at least a first and a second sub-pixel (PE1, PE2). Each sub-pixel has a cross-sectional area (A1, A2) parallel to a surface plane (60) of the array. The cross-sectional area (A1) of the first sub-pixel (PE1) is different, e.g. smaller, from the cross-sectional area (A2) of the second sub-pixel (PE2) to provide a dynamic range of detectable flux densities. Additionally, the first sub-pixel (PE1) has a photosensitive device (PS1) arranged on a side of the sub-pixel, said side being substantially orthogonal to said surface plane of the array of pixels to provide a good optical coupling. The detector allows high-flux photon counting with a relatively simple detector design.

Abstract: An imaging detector system includes a radiation detector having a plurality of pixels for generating a plurality of detection signals in response to radiation. Each of the pixels is used to generate a corresponding one of the detection signals. The imaging detector system includes a plurality of photon counting channels. Each photon counting channel is coupled to a corresponding one of the pixels to receive and process the corresponding one of the detection signals. Each photon integrating channel is coupled to a corresponding one of the pixels to receive and process the corresponding one of the detection signals. An image processor receives outputs from the photon counting channels and the photon integrating channels, wherein the image processor is adapted to generate an image using the received outputs.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for measuring a Depth-Of-Interaction (DOI), comprising a crystal layer 10 of a mono layer in which a plurality of crystals for absorbing gamma rays are consecutively arranged, scintillation light detectors disposed at one end of the crystals and configured to detect scintillation light emitted from the crystal layer 10 by the gamma rays, change means included in the crystals and configured to linearly change transmittance in a length direction of the crystals, and a control unit 30 configured to calculate the DOI in the crystal layer 10 on a basis of the first output signal and the second output signal. The scintillation light detector outputs the first output signal in one direction and the second output signal in a direction at a right angle to the one direction.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatus for detecting radiation including x-ray photon (including gamma ray photon) and particle radiation for radiographic imaging (including conventional CT and radiation therapy portal and CT), nuclear medicine, material composition analysis, container inspection, mine detection, remediation, high energy physics, and astronomy. This invention provides novel face-on, edge-on, edge-on sub-aperture resolution (SAR), and face-on SAR scintillator detectors, designs and systems for enhanced slit and slot scan radiographic imaging suitable for medical, industrial, Homeland Security, and scientific applications. Some of these detector designs are readily extended for use as area detectors, including cross-coupled arrays, gas detectors, and Compton gamma cameras. Energy integration, photon counting, and limited energy resolution readout capabilities are described.

Abstract: Multiplexing for radiation imaging is provided by using optical delay combiners to provide distinct optical encoding for each detector channel. Each detector head provides an optical output which is encoded. The encoded optical signals can be optically combined to provide a single optical output for all of the detectors in the system. This single optical output can be coupled to a fast photodetector (e.g., a streak camera). The pulse readout from the photodetector can decode the arrival time of the event, the energy of the event, and which channels registered the detection event. Preferably, the detector heads provide coherent optical outputs, and the optical delay combiners are preferably implemented using photonic crystal technology to provide photonic integrated circuits including many delay combiners.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes an array of detector pixels each including an array of detector cells. Each detector cell includes a photodiode biased in a breakdown region and digital circuitry coupled with the photodiode and configured to output a first digital value in a quiescent state and a second digital value responsive to photon detection by the photodiode. Digital triggering circuitry is configured to output a trigger signal indicative of a start of an integration time period responsive to a selected number of one or more of the detector cells transitioning from the first digital value to the second digital value. Readout digital circuitry accumulates a count of a number of transitions of detector cells of the array of detector cells from the first digital state to the second digital state over the integration time period.

Abstract: The present invention is a photodiode and/or photodiode array, having a p+ diffused area that is smaller than the area of a mounted scintillator crystal, designed and manufactured with improved device characteristics, and more particularly, has relatively low dark current, low capacitance and improved signal-to-noise ratio characteristics. More specifically, the present invention is a photodiode and/or photodiode array that includes a metal shield for reflecting light back into a scintillator crystal, thus allowing for a relatively small p+ diffused area.

Abstract: A system detects at least one of nuclear and fissile materials. The system includes a plurality of high speed scintillator detectors. Each high speed scintillator detector in the plurality of high speed scintillator detectors includes at least one photo sensor and a pre-amp circuit adapted to eliminate pulse stretching and distortion of detected light pulses emitted from scintillation material when interacting with neutron particles and/or gamma particles. An isotope database includes a plurality of spectral images corresponding to different known isotopes. An information processing system is adapted to compare spectral data received from each high speed scintillator detector to one or more of the spectral images and identify one or more isotopes present in an object or container being monitored.

Abstract: A scintillator system is provided to detect the presence of fissile material and radioactive material. One or more neutron detectors are based on 6LiF mixed in a binder medium with scintillator material, and are optically coupled to one or more wavelength shifting fiber optic light guide media that have a tapered portion extending from the scintillator material to guide light from the scintillator material to a photosensor at the tapered portion. An electrical output of the photosensor is connected to an input of a first pre-amp circuit designed to operate close to a pulse shape and duration of a light pulse from the scintillator material, without signal distortion. The scintillator material includes a set of scintillation layers connected to the wavelength shifting fiber optic light guide media that guide light to the photosensor. Moderator material is applied around the set of scintillation layers increasing detector efficiency.

Abstract: When designing detector arrays for diagnostic imaging devices, such as PET or SPECT devices, a virtual detector, or pixel, combines scintillator crystals (10, 20, 40) with photodetectors (12) in ratios that deviate from the conventional 1:1 ratio. For instance, multiple photodetectors can be glued to a single crystal to create a virtual pixel (10, 20, 40) which can be software-based or hardware-based. Light energy and time stamp information for a gamma ray hit on the crystal can be calculated using a virtualizer processor or using a trigger line network and time-to-digital converter logic. Additionally or alternatively, multiple crystals (54) can be associated with each of a plurality of photodetectors (52). A gamma ray hit on a specific crystal is then determined by a table lookup of adjacent photodetectors (52) that register equal light intensities, and the crystal (54) common to such photodetectors (52) is identified as the location of the hit.

Abstract: A radiation detector (24) includes a two-dimensional array of upper scintillators (30?) which is disposed facing an x-ray source (14) to convert lower energy radiation events into visible light and transmit higher energy radiation. A two-dimensional array of lower scintillators (30B) is disposed adjacent the upper scintillators (30?) distally from the x-ray source (14) to convert the transmitted higher energy radiation into visible light. Upper and lower photodetectors (38?, 30B) are optically coupled to the respective upper and lower scintillators (30?,30B) at an inner side (60) of the scintillators (30?,30B). An optical element (100) is optically coupled with the upper scintillators (30?) to collect and channel the light from the upper scintillators (30?) into corresponding upper photodetectors (38?).

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-channel array radiation detector that can provide high-definition and high-resolution CT photo-images. The radiation detector has semiconductor photo-detecting elements arranged lengthwise and breadth-wise in a lattice manner and scintillator elements arranged on them one-to-one. The scintillator elements have thin metal light-reflecting material layers formed on side surfaces of the scintillator elements, and a radiation shielding material layer composed of resin blended with heavy metal element particles is filled in between adjacent metal light-reflecting material layers.

Abstract: The invention provides an image pickup apparatus which is provided with plural light receiving areas arranged two-dimensionally, and a vertical scanning circuit composed of plural unit circuit stages arranged in the vertical direction and a horizontal scanning circuit composed of plural unit circuit stages arranged in the horizontal direction, for selecting and reading the plural light receiving areas in succession and in which the vertical scanning circuit and the horizontal scanning circuit are arranged in spaces between the light receiving areas, wherein a crossing area of the vertical scanning circuit and the horizontal scanning circuit, in a space between the light receiving areas, is divided into two areas, and at least a unit circuit of the horizontal scanning circuit is provided in one of the two areas while at least a unit circuit of the vertical scanning circuit is provided in the other of the two areas, or an image pickup apparatus which is provided with plural light receiving areas arranged two-di

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation detector and a method for producing such a detector, wherein the detector comprises a stack of the scintillator elements and photodiode arrays. The PDAs extend with electrical leads into a rigid body filling a border volume lateral of the scintillator elements, wherein said leads end in a contact surface of the border volume. Moreover, a redistribution layer is disposed on the contact surface, wherein electrical lines of the redistribution layer contact the leads of the PDAs.

Abstract: A radiation detecting apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus comprising a scintillator for converting incident radiation into ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of 220 nm or less, the scintillator being composed of, for example, Nd-doped LaF3 crystals; and a diamond thin film sensor for guiding the resulting ultraviolet radiation and converting it into an electrical signal, the radiation detecting apparatus being adapted to transform the incident radiation to the electrical signal. The radiation detecting apparatus can detect radiation, such as X-rays, ? rays, ? rays, ? rays, or neutron rays, with high sensitivity. The radiation detecting apparatus also has a fast response, is very easy to downsize, has high resistance to radiation, and can be preferably used in the medical field, the industrial field, or the security field.

Abstract: A solid state imaging device 1 includes a photodetecting section 10, a signal readout section 20, a controlling section 30, dummy photodetecting sections 11 and 12 including dummy photodiodes, discharging means for discharging junction capacitance portions of the dummy photodiodes, and a scintillator layer 50 provided so as to cover the photodetecting section 10. The dummy photodetecting section 11 is disposed so as to neighbor the first row (the upper side of the photodetecting section 10) of the photodetecting section 10 and has a length equivalent to the length of the photodetecting section 10 in the left-right direction. The dummy photodetecting section 12 is disposed so as to neighbor the M-th column of the photodetecting section 10 (the lower side of the photodetecting section 10) and has a length equivalent to the length of the photodetecting section 10 in the left-right direction.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to realize a light radiation-detecting apparatus including a step of preparing a matrix array including a substrate, an insulating layer arranged on the substrate, a plurality of pixels arranged on the insulating layer, wherein the pixel includes a conversion element converting an incident radiation into an electric signal, and connection electrode arranged at a periphery of the plurality of pixels, fixing a flexible supporting member for covering the plurality of pixels to the matrix array at a side opposite to the substrate, and releasing the substrate from the matrix array.

Abstract: A detector arrangement providing imaging information at the edge of the scintillator is provided. The detector arrangement provides complete information and improved spatial resolution. SiPMs can be used in place of PMTs in order to provide the geometrical coverage of the scintillator and improved spatial resolution. With such detector arrangements, the spatial resolution can be under 2 mm. Furthermore, the overall thickness of the detector can be substantially reduced and depth of interaction resolution is also improved.

Abstract: A production method for a sensor unit is specified, the unit including both a scintillator and a support plate on which a stack of collimator sheets is attached. In at least one embodiment, the production method permits particularly precise positioning of the collimator sheets in respect of the scintillator. In the process, individual scintillator strips are initially produced from a plurality of scintillator pixels adjoining one another along one dimension. Respectively one photodiode strip, made of a plurality of photodiodes in turn adjoining one another along one dimension, is attached to each of the individual scintillator strips along a longitudinal side in order to form a sensor strip. In at least one embodiment, respectively one photodiode is associated with respectively one scintillator pixel for readout purposes. The sensor strips are subsequently individually assembled on an outer side of the support plate facing away from the collimator sheets in order to form the scintillator.

Abstract: A three-dimensional detector module for use in detecting annihilation photons generated by positrons emitted from radio-labeled sites within a body is formed from multiple solid state photo-detectors attached to one or more scintillators. Each photo-detector can be attached to a scintillator to form a photo-detector/scintillator combination and multiple photo-detector/scintillator combinations can be arranged in an array. Alternatively, multiple photo-detectors can be attached to the surface of a single scintillator to form an array. Multiple arrays are then stacked to form a photo-detector module. The modules can then be assembled to form a sheet of photo-detector modules. Multiple sheets or multiple modules can then be arranged around a body to detect emissions from radio-labeled sites in the body.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radiation detector characterized by comprising a scintillator layer formed on one side of a supporting substrate and composed of a phosphor converting radiation into visible light, a plurality of transparent electrodes formed in a matrix on the other side of the supporting substrate, a photoelectric conversion layer formed on the transparent electrodes and containing an organic semiconductor material, and an upper electrode formed on the organic semiconductor layer. This radiation detector is further characterized in that collector elements for focusing visible light emitted from the scintillator layer irradiated with radiation on the organic semiconductor layer are embedded in a matrix in the supporting substrate at positions facing the transparent electrodes.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to a radiation detector which includes a plurality of radiation detector modules arranged adjacent to one another with in each case one scintillation element with a radiation inlet surface aligned transversely with respect to a main direction of a radiation, and light detector arrangements arranged transversely with respect to the radiation inlet surfaces of the scintillation elements. In the process of at least one embodiment, one light detector arrangement is arranged between two scintillation elements and has two light inlet surfaces which point away from one another, of which one is associated with a first scintillation element and one is associated with a second scintillation element. Furthermore, at least one embodiment of the invention relates to a light detector arrangement, a production method for a radiation detector according to at least one embodiment of the invention and/or an imaging system.

Abstract: An electronic cassette type of radiation detection apparatus having a sensor array including a plurality of sensors for detecting incident radiation has a connecting portion to which detachable additional function modules are connected. A selection unit is provided for changing a radiographing mode from a still image radiographing mode and a moving image radiographing mode into a selectable state in response to a connection of at least one of the additional function modules changes.

Abstract: When a first image capturing apparatus installed in an image capturing room is selected and a power supply switch of a radiation converter used in the first image capturing apparatus is turned on, a controller generates an image capturing apparatus identification signal for specifying the image capturing apparatus, and sends the identification signal together with ID information of the selected image capturing apparatus stored in an ID memory to a console in the image capturing room via a transceiver by wireless communications. The console reads image capturing conditions for the selected image capturing apparatus from an image capturing condition storage unit, and supplies the conditions to a radiation generator for recording a radiographic image in the radiation converter. The radiation generator controls a radiation source according to the supplied conditions to emit radiation for recording a desired radiographic image on a radiation conversion panel of the radiation converter.

Abstract: A detector is provided for nuclear medicine imaging. Scintillator pixels form an axial array and a transaxial array. A first photosensor is positioned along the axial array; and a second photosensor is positioned along the transaxial array, wherein the first photosensor and the second photosensor provide dual event localization for nuclear medicine imaging.

Abstract: An X-ray detection device including a scintillator configured to convert gamma rays or X-rays into optical radiation, an optical image intensifier configured to intensify the optical radiation to generate intensified optical radiation, an optical coupling system configured to guide the intensified optical radiation, and a solid state detector configured to detect the intensified optical radiation to generate an interaction image representing an X-ray energy emission and to perform photon counting based on data of the interaction image.

Abstract: Parameters T1, T2, and K required by a scintillator array identification mechanism in a two-stage scintillator ?-ray detector (depth of interaction (DOI)) are accurately and easily determined. The parameters required by the scintillator array identification mechanism are determined with reference to a first signal count ratio, which is obtained by irradiating a ?-ray on each scintillator array with luminescence pulses in an incident depth direction of the ?-ray having different attenuation time during an inspection stage of the ?-ray detector single unit. Furthermore, a second signal count ratio is obtained by irradiating the ?-ray on a front surface of the ?-ray detector single unit, and then a third signal count ratio is obtained by irradiating the ?-ray on the front surface after the ?-ray detector single unit is installed in a PET device.

Abstract: A radiation detector (20, 20?) includes scintillator pixels (30) that each have a radiation-receiving end, a light-output end, and reflective sides extending therebetween. The reflective sides have a reflection characteristic (40, 40?, 42, 44) varying between the radiation-receiving end and the light-output end such that a lateral spread of light emanating from the light-output ends of the scintillator pixels responsive to a scintillation event generated in one of the scintillator pixels depends upon a depth of the scintillation event in the scintillator pixel. A plurality of light detectors (46) optically communicate with the light-output ends of the scintillator pixels to receive light produced by scintillation events.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive detector (120) includes a scintillator array (124) coupled with a photosensor array (140) via an adhesive laminate (144). The photosensor (140) has a plurality of dixels (136). The adhesive laminate (144) includes a material free region that extends through the adhesive laminate (144) from the scintillator array (124) to the photosensor array (140) and that is located between a pair of adjacent dixels (136).

Abstract: In nuclear imaging, solid state photo multipliers (48) are replacing traditional photomultiplier tubes. One current problem with solid state photomultipliers, is that they are difficult to manufacture in the size in which a typical scintillator is manufactured. Resultantly, the photomultipliers have a smaller light receiving face (50) than a light emitting face (46) of the scintillators (44). The present application contemplates inserting a reflective material (52) between the solid state photomultipliers (48). Instead of being wasted, light that initially misses the photomultiplier (48) is reflected back by the reflective material (52) and eventually back to the radiation receiving face (50) of the photomultiplier (48).

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus and method, the apparatus (100) comprising a first scintillator (112) for interacting with radiation and outputting light in response thereto, a first photodetector (102) adjacent to the first scintillator (112) for receiving and detecting light from the first scintillator (112) and outputting (108) a first output signal in response thereto, a second scintillator (114) located around the first scintillator (112), for interacting with radiation and outputting light in response thereto, and a second photodetector (104) adjacent to the second scintillator (114) for receiving and detecting light from the second scintillator (114) and outputting (110) a second output signal in response thereto.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus for x-rays includes a scintillator, overlying an array of imaging pixels on a substrate, and at least one trigger pixel array externally peripheral to the array of imaging pixels on the substrate such that the trigger pixel array is not substantially overshadowed by the scintillator from incident x-ray radiation. A layer substantially impervious to light but transparent to x-rays overlays the trigger pixel array, such that the trigger pixels are unresponsive to light but triggered by direct hits from incident x-ray photons.

Abstract: A method, process and apparatus for improved nuclear imaging. Specifically, the disclosure relates to improving detection of true coincidence events and differentiating them from events detected from scattered and random gamma photons. Embodiments comprise receiving electromagnetic radiation at a plurality of photo detectors that was generated by a scintillating crystal impacted by a gamma photon. Embodiments further comprise processing data received at a subset of the plurality of photo detectors that are closer to a scintillating crystal, thereby improving a timing coincidence window for detecting a coincidence event.

Abstract: Determining a scintillation event location bevent along an axis B of an array of photomultiplier tubes, each photomultiplier tube having a location bPMT and an output ZPMT. Determining a preliminary event location bprelim along the B axis as a centroid of the photomultiplier tube outputs. Determining a position-weighted characteristic (ZPMT·(bPMT?bprelim)2) of each of the photomultiplier tubes. Determining event location bevent along the B axis as a centroid of the outputs of those photomultiplier tubes characterized by a position-weighted characteristic less than or equal to a predetermined cutoff.

Abstract: A radiation detecting apparatus includes a radiation conversion panel for detecting radiation that has passed through a subject and converting the detected radiation into radiation image information, and a casing for storing the radiation conversion panel as a roll when the subject is not being irradiated with radiation. When the subject is irradiated with radiation, the radiation conversion panel stored as a roll in the casing is unrolled and pulled out of the casing, and the radiation conversion panel is extended flatwise against the subject.

Abstract: In order to improve the image quality of X-ray detectors, a method for determining the temperature of a digital X-ray detector with a scintillator and a pixel matrix of photodiodes is provided at least one point of the X-ray detector. According to the method a reverse voltage is applied to at least a first photodiode, the reverse current of the at least first photodiode is measured, and the temperature of the X-ray detector at the first photodiode is determined from the reverse current.

Abstract: A detector for a nuclear imaging system includes a scintillator including an array of scintillator elements and a light guide including a grid which defines light guide elements. Light from scintillations in the scintillation crystal in response to received radiation, passes through the light guide and strikes light sensitive elements of a light sensitive element array. The light sensitive element array includes larger elements in an array in the center surrounded by smaller light sensitive elements located in a peripheral array around the central array.

Abstract: A gamma ray detector module includes at least one scintillation detector configured to operate in a dot-decoding mode, or at least two scintillation detectors configured to operate in a line-decoding mode, wherein the at least one scintillation detector is each coupled to a single photodetector, and wherein the at least two scintillation detectors are coupled to at least two photodetectors arranged substantially along a line; and at least four scintillation detectors configured to operate in a plane-decoding mode, wherein the at least four scintillation detectors are coupled to a plurality of photodetectors arranged in a two-dimensional array.

Abstract: Provided is a detector module for measuring one or more types of radiation, in particular X-ray, gamma ray, or nuclear particle radiation, comprising a detection unit, an analog-to-digital converter, an information processing device, and a memory device for storing the position of the detector module. The detector module comprises at least one light-emitting diode (LED), optically connected with the detection unit for stabilizing the detector unit. Further, the invention provides a stanchion, in particular a portable stanchion, whereby the stanchion comprises a inventive detector module. Yet further, a (wireless) network of detector modules is provided, whereby each detector module is mounted within a stanchion.

Abstract: A method includes detecting a neutron based on a time proximity of a first signal and a second signal. The first signal indicates detection of at least one of a neutron and a gamma ray. The second signal indicates detection of a gamma ray. The method further includes measuring an amount of detected gamma rays, for example, an amount different from an amount detected and associated with the second signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic radioactivity analyzer of mixed liquid beta emitter which comprises: a sample preparation part (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) for extracting a liquid sample from liquid-phase radioactive nuclear wastes; a sample injection part (9 and 10), including a sample transportation part for transporting a bottled sample to a radioactivity detection part to perform measurement; the radioactivity detection part (11) including two photon multiplier tubes; an exterior gamma-ray source injection part (12) for compensating for measurement efficiency according to quenching effects; a signal processing part (13), including a pre-amplifier circuit (14), a high-voltage generator circuit (15), an analogue-to-digital converter circuit (21), and a digital signal processor (DSP) (24), for generating beta spectrums by the aid of a fast coincidence counter (20) and a multi-channel analyzer (22); a main control PC (25) and a graphic user interface (GUI) program (29) for remotely automatically me

Abstract: Methods and structures for reducing and/or eliminating moisture penetration in an optical package. The optical package may include (1) a layer of inorganic material placed over the points of the optical package susceptible moisture penetration of the optical package; (2) a portion of hygroscopic material placed over the points of the optical package susceptible to moisture penetration; (3) a layer of hygroscopic material placed on the interior surface of the optical package; and/or (4) a layer of hydrophobic material coated on the optical surfaces of the optical package.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting the potential of an x-ray imaging system to create images with scintillator hysteresis artifacts includes examining an x-ray image to measure two signal levels for two areas of interest, then determining a difference between the two signal levels and comparing the difference to a threshold. The signal levels can be measured by determining an amount of electrical charge discharged in photodiodes of the detector. If the difference in signals is greater than the threshold amount, then the possibility exists that scintillator hysteresis artifacts may be produced in images. In addition, the present invention also provides for the elimination or reduction in magnitude of scintillator hysteresis artifacts in images produced by an x-ray imaging system. After the possibility of scintillator hysteresis artifacts is detected, the detector can be irradiated with an x-ray flux to eliminate or reduce the magnitude of the artifacts in images produced by the x-ray imaging system.

Abstract: A method for localizing optical emission is disclosed. The method involves identifying a first readout channel of a first pixellated photodetector array based on an impact of a first photon on the first pixellated photodetector array. The first photon is emitted by a scintillator unit of a scintillator array and the first readout channel corresponds to a column of one or more pixels of the first pixellated photodetector array. The method also involves identifying a second readout channel of a second pixellated photodetector array based on an impact of a second photon on the second pixellated photodetector array. The second photon is emitted by the scintillator unit and the second readout channel corresponds to a row of one or more pixels of the second pixellated photodetector array. The method further involves identifying the scintillator unit based on the first readout channel and the second readout channel.