Abstract: Multi-element microcalorimeter array. The microcalorimeter array includes at least two microcalorimeter with each microcalorimeter including a detector coupled thermally to a cold bath. Each detector has associated with it a thermal sensor to generate a signal proportional to a rise in the detector's temperature. A single negative voltage feedback JFET preamplifier circuit is connected to each of the detectors and includes a JFET with a gate, the signals from the thermal sensors connected to the gate. The output of the preamplifier circuit is proportional to radiation energy absorbed by the detector. Each detector has a different thermal recovery time so that the detectors can be discriminated. The multiplexing arrangement of the invention makes it possible to reduce the overall number of preamplifier and post-processing channels for a large multi-element array. This reduction in turn significantly lowers the JFET heat load, mass and power requirements for the microcalorimeter array.

Abstract: A first diode part (1B) for sensing junction temperature and a second diode part (1C) for absorbing static electricity that are included in a semiconductor element (1) for electric power are formed within the same substrate together with a semiconductor element part (1A) for electric power. Moreover, the number of a plurality of second diodes (1CD) constituting the second diode part (1C) is equal to the number of a plurality of first diodes (1BD) constituting the first diode part (1B). In addition, a capacitor (11) for reducing the impedance is disposed between the input terminals of a forward direction voltage fall operating amplifying circuit part (4) of a controlling circuit part (8). Here, it is effective to form an LC low pass filter as well by covering a forward path side relay lead part (9A) and a backward path side relay lead part (9B) with one tubular ferrite core.

Abstract: This invention provides an EDS detector in which even if connecting pipes vibrate due to gas flow, such vibration will not be transferred to a cryostat side and in which a small-sized gas-circulation-type refrigerator is provided in the cryostat sliding in a given direction, helium gas is supplied through the connecting pipes to the refrigerator, and an x-ray detecting element is cooled by means of the refrigerator. In connecting pipes, a connecting pipe body portion is connected to a pressure-converting value unit which is fixedly held in a vibration-proofing stand. Additionally, weights can be selectively applied to a flexible connecting pipe to further dampen vibrations.

Abstract: In an image-sensing apparatus, shading data obtained when a sensor 1 is irradiated with uniform light is compressed by a COM 6 and is then stored in a memory 3. During image sensing, the data stored in the memory 3 is decompressed back into the shading data by an EXP 7. By a COR 4, this shading data is subtracted from the image data obtained from the sensor 1, and thereby the unevenness in the outputs from the individual pixels of the sensor 1 is corrected.

Abstract: A radiation detecting apparatus comprises a container having a vacuum space, a radiation detecting element disposed in the vacuum space for detecting radiation, and a cooling element disposed in the container for cooling the radiation detecting element to a preselected cooling temperature during operation of the radiation detecting apparatus. A physical absorbing material is disposed in the container for absorbing gases from the vacuum space. A chemical absorbing material capable of activation by heat is disposed in the container for absorbing gases from the vacuum space. A heating device is provided for heating the chemical absorbing material. A measurement and control circuit measures a temperature of the radiation detecting element or a degree of vacuum in the vacuum space to determine whether or not the chemical absorbing material should be activated by the heating device.

Abstract: In an image recording apparatus provided with an optical unit having a plurality of laser diodes; a driving circuit is provided to drive the plurality of laser diodes in accordance with image output signals applied with a predetermined first bias; and a beam intensity measuring element is provided to measure a beam intensity of each of beams emitted from the plurality of laser diodes. When the beam intensity measuring element measures the beam intensity of each of beams emitted from the plurality of laser diodes, the driving circuit switches the first bias applied to at least one of the plurality of laser diodes to a second bias smaller than the first bias.