Abstract: Control for pixelated electrostatic adhesion can be provided by a voltage converter configured to increase an input voltage to an output voltage; a first gripping circuit, configured to selectively provide the output voltage at a first polarity to a first subset of electrodes of a plurality of electrodes; a second gripping circuit, configured to selectively provide the output voltage at a second polarity opposite to the first polarity to a second subset of electrodes of a plurality of electrodes that are associated with and different from the first subset of electrodes; a first release circuit, configured to selectively reverse the output voltage provided to the first subset of electrodes to the second polarity; and a second release circuit, configured to selectively reverse the output voltage provided to the second subset of electrodes to the first polarity.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion apparatus includes a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of avalanche diodes formed within the semiconductor substrate, the plurality of avalanche diodes including a first avalanche diode and a second avalanche diode, and a trench structure formed between the first avalanche diode and the second avalanche diode in a plan view. Each of the avalanche diodes includes a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type and a second semiconductor region of a second conductivity type. A contact plug for supplying a potential to the second semiconductor region of the first avalanche diode is formed, and the contact plug is provided at a position where the contact plug overlaps with the trench structure in a plan view.

Abstract: A method for bit error rate testing a processing unit using a bit error rate tester (BERT) includes transmitting a signal pair to a receiver of the processing unit, the signal pair having jitter levels complying with a jitter threshold, tuning the signal pair to obtain a first stressed eye measurement for the receiver, wherein the first stressed eye measurement complies with a stressed eye mask, placing the processing unit into a loop-back mode, wherein data transmitted to the processing unit by the BERT is transmitted back to the BERT, transmitting a data pattern to the processing unit, receiving a looped back version of the data pattern from the processing unit, and calculating a bit error rate in accordance with the data pattern and the looped back version of the data pattern.

Abstract: A photodetector includes: a photoreceptor provided with a SPAD that is configured to respond to incidence of a photon, and as the response of the SPAD, configured to output a pulse signal; and a pulse rate control circuit configured to control sensitivity of the photoreceptor to have a pulse rate as the number of pulse signals outputted per unit time from the photoreceptor to be a set value set in advance, (i) in a set range including the set value, (ii) in a set range of the set value or more, or (iii) in a set range of the set value or less.

Abstract: Techniques, systems, and devices are disclosed for implementing a photoconductive device performing bulk conduction. In one exemplary aspect, a photoconductive device is disclosed. The device includes a light source configured to emit light; a crystalline material positioned to receive the light from the light source, wherein the crystalline material is doped with a dopant that forms a mid-gap state within a bandgap of the crystalline material to control a recombination time of the crystalline material; a first electrode coupled to the crystalline material to provide a first electrical contact for the crystalline material, and a second electrode coupled to the crystalline material to provide a second electrical contact for the crystalline material, wherein the first and the second electrodes are configured to establish an electric field across the crystalline material, and the crystalline material is configured to exhibit a substantially linear transconductance in response to receiving the light.

Abstract: A system for determining ozone concentration in ice includes at least one emitter and first and second detectors. The emitter can be a light source including visible and UV light components, or the emitter can be a first emitter for emitting UV light and a second emitter for emitting visible light. The UV and visible light components can be directed through a sample of ice. The transmitted UV and visible light components can be detected by UV and visible light detectors. The amount of UV and visible light received by the detectors can be compared to levels of UV and visible light emitted by the emitter(s) can be used to determine the concentration of a dissolved gas (e.g., ozone) in the sample of ice.

Abstract: A system for characterising a beam of charged particles. The system includes a stack comprising an ultra-thin pattern formed from an electrically conductive material; a thin substrate bearing the pattern. The stack forms an emitting electrode able to emit secondary electrons in proximity to a surface of the pattern when the emitting electrode is passed through by the beam of charged particles.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, a field effect transistor, and a fin field effect transistor are provided. The semiconductor device may include a channel layer, a source/drain layer, and a gate electrode. The channel layer is provided on a substrate and extends in a direction perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate. The source/drain layer is disposed at a side of the channel layer and is electrically connected to the channel layer. The gate electrode is provided adjacent to at least one of surfaces of the channel layer. The channel layer includes a two-dimensional atomic layer made of a first material.

Abstract: A magnetic apparatus and a method of operating the magnetic apparatus can include a scanning electromagnet that redirects a beam of charged particles, a vacuum chamber that prevents the atmosphere from interfering with the charged particles, and, a parallelizing permanent magnet array for parallelizing the beam of charged particles. The parallelizing permanent magnet array can be located proximate to a target comprising a Bremsstrahlung target or an object that is being irradiated. The magnetic field of the scanning electromagnet can be variable to produce all angles necessary to sweep the beam of charged particles across the target and the parallelizing permanent magnet array can be configured from a magnetic material that does not require an electric current.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a sensor includes a first avalanche photodiode, a first quenching element, a second avalanche photodiode, and a second quenching element. The first quenching element is connected to a current output terminal of the first avalanche photodiode at one end and is connected to an output terminal at another end. The second avalanche photodiode is arranged adjacent to the first avalanche photodiode. The second quenching element is connected to a current output terminal of the second avalanche photodiode at one end and is connected to a specific electric potential at another end.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a locating medium in tissue includes a probe, and a console. The probe includes a handle and a detector disposed on a distal end of the probe. The console is in communication and includes a display. The display has a first graphical representation and a second graphical representation. The first graphical representation is configured to depict a count real-time count based on a signal from the detector. The second graphical representation is configured to depict a target count.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed generally to an ionizing-radiation beamline monitoring system that includes a vacuum chamber structure with vacuum compatible flanges through which an incident ionizing-radiation beam enters the monitoring system. Embodiments further include at least one scintillator within the vacuum chamber structure that can be at least partially translated in the ionizing-radiation beam while oriented at an angle greater than 10 degrees to a normal of the incident ionizing-radiation beam, a machine vision camera coupled to a light-tight structure at atmospheric/ambient pressure that is attached to the vacuum chamber structure by a flange attached to a vacuum-tight viewport window with the camera and lens optical axis oriented at an angle of less than 80 degrees with respect to a normal of the scintillator, and at least one ultraviolet (“UV”) illumination source facing the scintillator in the ionizing-radiation beam for monitoring a scintillator stability comprising scintillator radiation damage.

Abstract: A thermal and environmental noise suppressing interface circuit which is configured to operate cold and is configured to perform biasing with suppression of noise currents from room temperature noise voltages and dc coupled rf readout of a superconducting device under test with a single coaxial cable or equivalent conductor pair. The circuit is configured to suppress the propagation of thermal and environmental noises to/from sensors operating at a different temperature from its operating and control equipment while maintaining a single input-output channel, and provides for the placement of a local grounding impedance on an intercept board.

Abstract: The assembly comprises a semiconductor device with an active-pixel array, a readout circuit chip or plurality of readout circuit chips mounted outside the active-pixel array, the readout circuit chip or plurality of readout circuit chips being configured to read out voltages or currents provided by the active-pixel array, and electric connections between the active-pixel array and the readout circuit chip or plurality of readout circuit chips.

Abstract: There is provided a radiation detector using SiC and of a structure in which an electric field is applied to the interior of the entire SiC crystal constituting a radiation sensible layer, aiming to detect radiation while suppressing a reduction in electric signals generated in the radiation sensible layer.

Abstract: An array substrate and a preparation method therefor, a fingerprint recognition method, and a display device, comprising: a base substrate, a plurality of pixel units and a plurality of fingerprint recognition units located within a display region of the base substrate; a fingerprint recognition unit comprises: a light-shielding layer and a photosensitive image sensor that are located on the base substrate; the light-shielding layer is provided with a through hole which is used to achieve small-aperture imaging; the orthographic projection of the through hole on the base substrate does not overlap with the orthographic projection of a pixel unit on the base substrate; the photosensitive image sensor is used to receive an image of a fingerprint formed by means of the through hole.

Abstract: A weapons and explosives detector that comprises at least one controlled magnetic field sensor (10) connected to at least one antenna (11); where this antenna (11) is configured as one electrode; and where the controlled electrostatic field sensor (10) is configured to detected a disturbance in the electrostatic field (3) generated by at least one antenna (11) connected with that sensor (10); and where at least one antenna (11) is prepared in a pole (1); or on the perimeter of the vehicle's (2) bodywork; or in an individual combat weapon; where each sensor (10) is connected to at least one control device (100).

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor photodiode which has an electrode structure having not only high adhesion to a Mg2Si material but also improved overall performance including photosensitivity. A photodiode comprising: a pn junction of a magnesium silicide crystal; an electrode comprising a material that is in contact with p-type magnesium silicide; and an electrode comprising a material that is in contact with n-type magnesium silicide, wherein the material that is in contact with p-type magnesium silicide is a material which has a work function of 4.81 eV or more and reacts with silicon to form a silicide or form an alloy with magnesium.

Abstract: An inventive neutron detector includes an n-type GaN wafer and a photomultiplier, which are optically coupled with each other. The n-type GaN wafer is irradiated with neutrons from a neutron source, such as including a particle accelerator and a beryllium target. Scintillation of the n-type GaN resulting from the neutron irradiation is amplified by the photomultiplier and is analyzed using a data acquisition system.

Abstract: A photodetector includes a light receiving part having a plurality of light receiving elements, and a signal processing part that adds outputs from the light receiving elements and outputs the result. A plurality of measurements are performed while combination of effective light receiving elements among the light receiving elements in the light receiving part is changed. The results of the measurements are subjected to a compressive sensing process to determine an output signal of for each light receiving element or for each group of light receiving elements.

Abstract: Absorbed ionizing particles differentially effect first and second acquiring circuit stages configured to respectively generate first and second acquisition signals. Each acquisition signal has a characteristic that is variable as a function of an amount of absorbed ionizing particles. A measuring circuit generates, on the basis of the first and second acquisition signals, a relative parameter indicative of a relationship between the variable characteristics. A computation of a total ionizing dose is made using a 1st- or 2nd-degree polynomial relationship in the relative parameter.

Abstract: An optical apparatus including a semiconductor substrate; a first light absorption region supported by the semiconductor substrate, the first light absorption region including germanium and configured to absorb photons and to generate photo-carriers from the absorbed photons; a first layer supported by at least a portion of the semiconductor substrate and the first light absorption region, the first layer being different from the first light absorption region; one or more first switches controlled by a first control signal, the one or more first switches configured to collect at least a portion of the photo-carriers based on the first control signal; and one or more second switches controlled by a second control signal, the one or more second switches configured to collect at least a portion of the photo-carriers based on the second control signal, wherein the second control signal is different from the first control signal.

Abstract: A flexible method of controlling the thickness of a material ribbon, in particular a glass ribbon, as well as an apparatus to implement such a method. To this end, a material in a heated and softened state is drawn into a ribbon and is then cooled down. During the forming process during which the ribbon is formed and drawn, the material is heated. During the forming process thermal energy at least partially in the form of thermal radiation that is emitted from a surface of a heated heating element. that is located opposite the material, is supplied to the material. Heating of heating element occurs at least partially through the energy of a laser beam that is directed onto heating element, thereby locally heating the heating element.

Abstract: A method and system for using in a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) system. The PET system comprises at least one processor and a storage. The PET system comprises an acquisition module and a processing module. The acquisition module is configured to acquire a PET data set corresponding to a target object. The acquisition module comprises a first light sensor array, a second light sensor array, and a scintillator array. The processing module is configured to determine a three-dimensional position of an incidence photon based on the PET data set. The first number of light sensors in the first light sensor array and the second number of light sensors of the second light sensor array is less than the number of scintillator of the scintillator array.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a multi-layer image intensifier wafer includes fabricating first and second glass wafers, each having an array of cavities that extend between respective openings in first and second surfaces of the respective glass wafer; doping a semiconductor wafer to generate a plurality of electrons for each electron that impinges a first surface of the semiconductor wafer and to direct the plurality of electrons to a second surface of the semiconductor wafer, bonding a photo-cathode wafer to the first glass wafer; bonding the semiconductor wafer between the first and second glass wafers, and bonding the second glass wafer between the semiconductor wafer and an anode wafer (e.g., a phosphor screen or other electron detector). A section of the multi-layer image intensifier wafer may be sliced and evacuated to provide a multi-layer image intensifier.

Abstract: A tomographic imaging apparatus includes an X-ray detector comprising a plurality of dual mode pixels and configured to detect radiation that has passed through an object, and at least one processor configured to obtain scan data from the X-ray detector, and control each pixel of the plurality of dual mode pixels to operate in one of a first mode and a second mode, wherein each pixel of the plurality of dual mode pixels includes a sensor configured to generate a scan signal by converting incident radiation into an electric signal, a first signal path circuit configured to transmit the scan signal in the first mode, a second signal path circuit configured to transmit the scan signal in the second mode, and a photon counter configured to count photons from the scan signal transmitted through one of the first and second signal path circuits.

Abstract: A detecting device is provided. The detecting device includes a substrate, at least one transistor, at least one detecting element, and a scintillator layer. The transistor is disposed on the substrate. The detecting element is disposed on the transistor and electrically connects to the transistor. The detecting element includes a first electrode layer, a semiconductor layer, and a second electrode layer. The semiconductor layer is disposed on the first electrode layer, and the second electrode layer is disposed on the semiconductor layer. The scintillator layer is disposed on one side of the substrate, wherein at least one corner area of the scintillator layer has a curved structure or a chamfered structure.

Abstract: [Object] To uniformly produce electric fields when performing thinning processing of generating electric fields in only some of a plurality of pixels. [Solution] There is provided an imaging apparatus including: a pair of electric field application electrodes and a pair of electric charge extraction electrodes provided to each of a plurality of pixels; and a voltage application section configured to apply voltage between a first electrode that is one of the pair of electric field application electrodes of a first pixel and a second electrode that is one of the pair of electric field application electrodes of a second pixel when pixel combination is performed, and produce an electric field across the first pixel and the second pixel.

Abstract: An electronic cassette comprises a main battery which is detachably attached to a battery loading unit, and a sub-battery which supplies electricity to a bias power circuit and so on in substitution for the main battery. A power source selector changes the power source to the sub-battery from the main battery when it is judged that a replacement operation of the main battery is started. Since supply of the electricity to the bias power circuit is continued, and the bias voltage continues being applied to a photoelectric converter without a break, there is no need to perform a photoelectric conversion stabilizing process and an offset correction image detecting process after turning on of the main power. Therefore, a start-up time TR2 is largely shortened from a start-up time TR1.

Abstract: A circuit for counting photons, including: an input terminal intended to be connected to a detector of ionising radiation; an analogue stage for generating a pulsed signal, each pulse of which has an amplitude proportional to the energy released by an interaction of at least one photon in the detector; and a digital stage including: at least one first comparator for comparing the amplitude of the pulses to a first threshold; a differentiator circuit for determining periods in which the derivative of the pulse signal is of a given sign; at least one first logic gate for combining the outputs of the first comparator and the differentiator circuit; and at least one first counter for counting the number of pulses present on the output of the combining element.

Abstract: A radiation detection system is provided. The radiation detection system includes a radiation detector. The radiation detector includes a semiconductor layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a monolithic cathode disposed on the first surface, and multiple pixelated anode strip-electrodes disposed on the second surface in a coplanar arrangement. The multiple pixelated anode strip-electrodes include a first set of pixelated anode strip-electrodes disposed along a first direction and a second set of pixelated anode strip-electrodes disposed along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. Each pixelated anode strip-electrode of the first set of pixelated anode strip-electrodes includes a first respective multiple segments disposed along the first direction. Each pixelated anode strip-electrode of the second set of pixelated anode strip-electrodes includes a second respective multiple segments disposed along the second direction.

Abstract: A photon-counting detector includes a first subset of detector modules and at least one second subset of detector modules. Each detector module has power-consuming circuitry. Power-consuming circuitry of detector modules in the first subset is configured, in an operational mode in which the detector modules are powered on, to consume a first amount of power. Correspondingly, power-consuming circuitry of detector modules in the at least one second subset is configured, in the operational mode, to consume a second amount of power that is lower than the first amount of power.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (34) and a method (70) for determining a status of an X-ray tube (10) of an X-ray system (36). Due to ageing and/or wear of the X-ray tube, the spectrum of the X-ray radiation (30) provided by the X-ray tube may change over the operation time of the X-ray tube. The present invention therefore suggests evaluating spectrally different values detected with an X-ray detector arrangement (32) of the X-ray system. A reference data set representing a reference condition of the X-ray tube by a plurality of spectrally different reference-values (44) and a working data set representing an aged condition of the X-ray tube by a plurality of spectrally different working-values (46) of detected X-ray radiation are used to determine an equivalent filtration function for an filtration material influencing a source X-ray radiation (26) emitted by an anode (16) of the X-ray tube.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for determining a representation of a rim of a spectacles frame or a representation of the edges of the spectacle lenses is disclosed, wherein at least two calibrated images taken from different viewing angles of a head a subject wearing the spectacles frame or the spectacles are provided, and wherein data for at least portions of the rims of the spectacles frame or the edges of the lenses are detected in each image. Further, a three-dimensional model of the spectacles frame or the spectacles is provided, based on geometric parameters, and the geometric parameters are optimised to adapt the model to the detected edges.

Abstract: A constant-voltage generating apparatus including a plurality of constant-voltage circuits connected in series is provided. Each of the constant-voltage circuits has a positive-side power supply node, a negative-side power supply node, and a control unit that controls voltage between the positive-side power supply node and the negative-side power supply node to be constant voltage. The positive-side power supply node in the constant-voltage circuit at a preceding stage is connected to the negative-side power supply node in the constant-voltage circuit at a subsequent stage. The constant-voltage generating apparatus may further include a constant-current circuit that regulates power-supply currents flowing through the plurality of constant-voltage circuits to be constant.

Abstract: A device for detecting and characterising electron spins in a sample includes an electromagnetic microresonator, having a resonant frequency cor in the microwave range and a quality factor Q and into which the sample is inserted; a device for creating a magnetic field B0 in the sample for bringing a spin transition frequency cos into resonance with the resonant frequency cor, such that cos=?B0, where ? is a gyromagnetic factor of the spins; a spin detection device receiving signals from the electromagnetic microresonator associated with the sample and including at least one low-noise amplifier operating at a temperature of between 1 and 10 K and a series of amplifiers and a demodulator operating at ambient temperature.

Abstract: Provided is an active substrate that is capable of performing high-speed scanning for setting specific scan signal lines to be active at the same time. Each of the shift registers (4) in an N-th stage shift register in two shift register blocks (2 and 3) outputs an out signal in such a manner that neighboring scan signal lines (GLn and GLn+1) are active at the same time.

Abstract: The systems and methods receive signals from pixelated anodes for at least one event, and pass the signals from the pixelated anodes through corresponding channel pairs, attenuate the signal from a plurality of select anodes at the first and second shaper circuits coupled to the plurality of the select anodes to form a candidate energy signals and an authentication energy signals, respectively, compare a ratio to identify whether the select anode is a collected energy signal or a non-collected energy signal, repeat the attenuating and comparing operations for a plurality of select anodes have one or more collecting anode and a plurality of peripheral anodes, subdivide the collecting anode having the collected energy signal into a plurality of sub-pixels, and identify a location of the at least one event relative to the plurality of sub-pixels based on non-collected energy signals from the plurality of peripheral anodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photon counting x-ray radiation detection system. The system (31) comprises an x-ray radiation device (2) for providing polychromatic x-ray radiation (4) for traversing an examination zone (5) during a detection period of a scan. A photon counting detection device (6) comprising detection elements (3) detects the x-ray radiation after having traversed the examination zone and measures for each detection element photon counts in one or more energy bins during the detection period. A correction unit (12) estimates for each detection element an amount of a build up charge present in the detection element and corrects the measured photon counts for the detection element based on the estimated amount of the build up charge. This allows the corruption of the photon count rates caused by the build up charges to be compensated and to improve the determination of the photon counts.

Abstract: Provided is a mother ceramic substrate that, when divided into individual substrates (ceramic substrates), can be divided to cause divided end surfaces to be perpendicular to principal surfaces of the individual substrates, and that can provide ceramic substrates with high form accuracy; an individual ceramic substrate obtained from the mother ceramic substrate; a module component including the ceramic substrate; and a method of manufacturing a mother ceramic substrate. In a mother ceramic substrate that can be divided at a predetermined position and separated into a plurality of individual substrates, a dividing groove that defines a division position is formed in a principal surface on one side, and a protruding thread is formed on a principal surface on another side at a position corresponding to a position of the dividing groove formed in the principal surface on the one side in view in a thickness direction of the mother ceramic substrate.

Abstract: A radiation detector assembly is provided that includes a semiconductor detector, a collimator, plural pixelated anodes, and at least one processor. The collimator has openings defining pixels. Each pixelated anode is configured to generate a primary signal responsive to reception of a photon and to generate at least one secondary signal responsive to reception of a photon by at least one surrounding anode. Each pixelated anode includes a first portion and a second portion located in different openings of the collimator. The at least one processor is operably coupled to the pixelated anodes, and configured to acquire a primary signal from one of the pixelated anodes; acquire at least one secondary signal from at least one neighboring pixelated anode; and determine a location for the reception of the photon using the primary signal and the at least one secondary signal.

Abstract: A photon momentum sensor includes: a reflector plate that includes: a central disk including a mirror; an annular member; a plurality of spring legs interposed between the central disk and the annular member, such that: the spring legs are interleaved; neighboring spring legs are spaced apart; and the spring legs individually are arranged in an Archimedean spiral that provides orthogonal motion of the central disk relative to the plane of the annular member; and a bias plate disposed opposing the reflector plate such that: the central disk of the reflector plate moves orthogonally to a plane of the bias plate in response to reflection of laser light, and the central disk and the bias plate are arranged spaced apart as a capacitive structure.

Abstract: A dosimeter with at least one radiation sensor and a rechargeable electrical accumulator, includes a single sensor for sinusoidal X-radiation and for ? (gamma) radiation, a filter for the radiation sensor, a first amplification stage for the sensor, a circuit for processing the signal received by the sensor, and converting the signal into a dose value or a value that can be interpreted as a dose, a memory module in which the information on the dose received in the fixed period is stored, a circuit for recharging the electrical accumulator and a communications module, a dosimeter monitoring device, which includes at least one base for recharging the dosimeter with a recharging circuit, and a system for communication with the dosimeter.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a photon-counting apparatus includes an X-ray tube, an X-ray detector, a support mechanism, setting circuitry and data acquisition circuitry. The X-ray detector is configured to repetitively detect an X-ray photon generated by the X-ray tube, and repetitively generate an electrical signal corresponding to the repetitively detected X-ray photon. The support mechanism is configured to support the X-ray tube to be rotatable about a rotation axis. Setting circuitry configured to set one of a time length of a readout period and a readout cycle per unit time for the electrical signal. Data acquisition circuitry is configured to count a count number of electrical signals from the X-ray detector in accordance with the set one of the time length and readout cycle.

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-ray detector device (10) for detection of X-ray radiation at an inclined angle relative to the X-ray radiation, an X-ray imaging system (1), an X-ray imaging method, and a computer program element for controlling such an X-ray imaging system for performing such method and a computer readable medium having stored such computer program element. The X-ray detector device (10) comprises a cathode surface (11) and an anode surface (12). The cathode surface (11) and the anode surface (12) are displaced by a separation layer (13) allowing charge transport (T) between the cathode surface (11) and the anode surface (12) in response to X-ray radiation incident during operation on the cathode surface (11). The anode surface (12) is segmented into anode pixels (121) and the cathode surface (11) is segmented into cathode pixels (111).

Abstract: The systems and methods described herein measure a collected energy signal from a first pixel of a radiation pixelated detector during at least one event, and measure adjacent energy signals from at least two pixels adjacent to the first pixel of the radiation pixelated detector during the at least one event. The systems and methods generate a first spectrum based on the collected energy signal of the at least one event within an energy window. The energy window is a predetermined energy range for medical imaging. The systems and methods determine a delta charge based on the collected energy signal and the adjacent energy signals generated during the at least one event, generate a second spectrum based on the delta charge of the at least one event outside the energy window, and stretch the second spectrum to combine with the first spectrum to form a corrected energy spectrum.

Abstract: A counting X-ray detector includes, in a stacked array, a converter material for converting X-ray radiation into electric charges and an electrode. In an embodiment, the electrode is electrically conductively connected to the converter material. The electrode is designed to be at least partly transparent. In an embodiment, the electrode includes: an electrically conductive contact layer, an electrically conductive first intermediate layer, an electrically conductive high voltage layer, a second intermediate layer and an electrically conductive heating layer.

Abstract: A radiation detection system is provided. The radiation detection system includes a radiation detector. The radiation detector includes a semiconductor layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a monolithic cathode disposed on the first surface, and multiple pixelated anode strip-electrodes disposed on the second surface in a coplanar arrangement. The multiple pixelated anode strip-electrodes include a first set of pixelated anode strip-electrodes disposed along a first direction and a second set of pixelated anode strip-electrodes disposed along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. Each pixelated anode strip-electrode of the first set of pixelated anode strip-electrodes includes a first respective multiple segments disposed along the first direction. Each pixelated anode strip-electrode of the second set of pixelated anode strip-electrodes includes a second respective multiple segments disposed along the second direction.

Abstract: A system for detecting clandestine materials employs a lightweight neutron-source that can be mounted to a remotely controlled mobile platform for flexible and high standoff scanning of possibly explosive materials. In one embodiment, aerial drones hold the neutron-source and detectors for highly flexible remote scanning.

Abstract: A printed wiring board includes a first insulating layer, a first conductor circuit including fingerprint authentication circuitry and embedded in the first insulating layer such that the first circuit has exposed surface exposed from surface of the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer on which the first insulating layer is formed, a second conductor circuit including fingerprint authentication circuitry and embedded in the second insulating layer such that the second circuit has exposed surface exposed from surface of the second insulating layer and is interposed between the first and second insulating layers, and a solder resist layer formed on the surface of the first insulating layer and covering the first circuit. The first and second circuits are positioned such that the first and second circuits are opposing each other across the first insulating layer and that a finger for fingerprint authentication is placed on the solder resist layer.