Abstract: An apparatus for detecting X-rays and a driving method of the X-ray detecting apparatus. The driving method includes sampling a first data voltage corresponding to a rheobase voltage and a bias voltage, the rheobase voltage being generated by a current from a photodiode, sampling a second data voltage corresponding to the bias voltage after resetting the rheobase voltage, and resetting the rheobase voltage from the time that the sampling of the second data voltage is finished to the time that a corresponding frame is finished. An image delay generated when an X-ray motion picture is displayed may be minimized.

Abstract: A radiation detector of this invention includes a Cl-doped CdTe or Cl-doped CdZnTe polycrystalline semiconductor film in which defect levels in crystal grains are protected. This is obtained by grinding CdTe or CdZnTe crystal doped with Cl, and preparing the polycrystalline semiconductor film again by using its powder as the source. The defect levels of crystal grain boundaries in the polycrystalline semiconductor film are also protected by further doping the polycrystalline semiconductor film prepared again with Cl. These features enable manufacture of the radiation detector which has excellent sensitivity and response to radiation.

Abstract: A control device that controls a sensor capable of changing a magnitude of an accumulation capacitance of an electric charge for each pixel includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire an output value according to an accumulated electric charge of each pixel of the sensor, a determination unit configured to determine whether the accumulation capacitance of each pixel is saturated based on the output value, and a setting unit configured to set magnitude of the accumulation capacitance for each pixel according to the determined accumulation capacitance.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus includes an image capture unit including a plurality of pixels for imaging X-ray radiation, a first correction unit configured to correct an output value of an unsaturated pixel among the plurality of pixels, and a second correction unit configured to correct an output value of a saturated pixel among the plurality of pixels. The second correction unit corrects the saturated pixel based on an output value of the unsaturated pixel corrected by the first correction unit and located within a predetermined distance from the saturated pixel.

Abstract: An apparatus for capturing images of a target object having a barcode. The apparatus includes a reflector, an LED emitting mostly invisible light, and a photodetector. The LED is configured to emit a first portion of the invisible light toward the target object directly and to emit a second portion of the invisible light toward the reflector. The reflector is configured to redirect at least some of the second portion of the invisible light toward the target object. The photodetector is configured to detect returned invisible light from the target object to generate an electrical signal.

Abstract: A radiation detector is disclosed. The radiation detector comprises an active detector surface configured to generate charge carriers in response to charged particles associated with incident radiation. The active detector surface is further configured with a sufficient thickness for a partial energy deposition of the charged particles to occur and permit the charged particles to pass through the active detector surface. The radiation detector further comprises a plurality of voltage leads coupled to the active detector surface. The plurality of voltage leads is configured to couple to a voltage source to generate a voltage drop across the active detector surface and to separate the charge carriers into a plurality of electrons and holes for detection. The active detector surface may comprise one or more graphene layers. Timing data between active detector surfaces may be used to determine energy of the incident radiation. Other apparatuses and methods are disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a radiation detector, an imaging device and an electrode structure thereof, and a method for acquiring an image. The radiation detector comprises: a radiation sensitive film, a top electrode on the radiation sensitive film, and an array of pixel units electrically coupled to the radiation sensitive film. Each pixel unit comprises: a pixel electrode (which is configured to collect a charge signal in a pixel area of the radiation sensitive film), a storage capacitor, a reset transistor, a buffer transistor, a column strobe transistor, and a row strobe transistor. The column strobe transistor and the row strobe transistor are connected in series between the buffer transistor and the signal line, and transfer the voltage signal of the corresponding pixel unit in response to a column strobe signal and a row strobe signal. The radiation detector may be used for, for example, X-ray digital imaging.

Abstract: A method of operating a radiation-detecting device includes charging a first charge storage region of a charge storage structure to place a first charge value at the first charge storage region, and charging a second charge storage region of the charge storage structure to place a second charge value at the second charge storage region. The method further includes conducting a first read operation to determine a change in the first charge value at the first charge storage region at a first time after charging the first charge storage region, and determining a first radiation flux value for an environment containing the charge storage structure based on the change in the first charge value at the first time.

Abstract: A pixel for the detection of electromagnetic radiation or high energy particles or charge packets, in particular for detecting X-ray photons, comprises a radiation receptor for converting the radiation into a sensing signal, the pixel being adapted for performing both pulse detection and integration of the same sensing signal.

Abstract: In a radiation measurement apparatus, an analog pulse signal output from a semiconductor radiation detector is converted to a plurality of digital signals by an analog-to-digital converter for each analog pulse signal. A threshold circuit for inputting these digital signals discriminates digital signals exceeding a threshold value. A digital signal integration circuit integrates the plurality of discriminated digital signals for each analog pulse signal and obtains an integrated value for each analog pulse signal. A spectrum generation circuit for inputting the respective integrated values generates a radiation energy spectrum using the integrated values and accurately performs the quantitative analysis and energy analysis of a radioactive nuclide using the radiation energy spectrum. A quantitative analysis and an energy analysis of a radioactive nuclide can be accurately performed while a time resolution of a radiation detector can be maintained.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting electromagnetic waves includes a first electromagnetic wave sensor, two first electrodes, a second electromagnetic wave sensor, and two second electrodes. The two first electrodes are electrically connected to different portions of the first electromagnetic wave sensor. The second electromagnetic wave sensor crosses with and is spaced from the first electromagnetic wave sensor. The two second electrodes are electrically connected to different portions of the second electromagnetic wave sensor.

Abstract: A non-visible particle detection device includes an optical module capable of converting an ionizing radiation into visible light. The optical module includes has an attachment unit that is configured to removably attach the optical module to the image capturing module of a mobile device. The image capturing module generates a photon digital image based on the photons converted from the ionizing radiation. The mobile device can be implemented with a radiation dose determining module to execute a radiation dose equivalent calculation method. Based on the pixel brightness analysis of the photon digital image, the radiation equivalent dose can be determined. This method sums up the total brightness of all pixels in the images, determines whether the total brightness is smaller than the minimum effective brightness, and determines the radiation equivalent dose when the total brightness is equal to or larger than the minimum effective brightness.

Abstract: A dosimeter and an associated method for detecting radiation are provided. A dosimeter includes a complementary pair of transistors, such as a first transistor that is doped in accordance with a first conductivity type, such as an n-doped metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and a second transistor that is doped in accordance with a second conductivity type, different than the first conductivity type, such as a p-doped MOSFET. The first and second transistors may be configured to generate respective outputs that shift in opposite directions in response to radiation. The dosimeter may also include a circuit element configured to determine a measure of the radiation based upon a difference between the respective outputs of the first and second transistors. The circuit element may include an amplifier configured to amplify the difference between the respective outputs of the first and second transistors.

Abstract: An ultraviolet radiation dosimeter apparatus for measuring an individual's ultraviolet radiation exposure from incoming ultraviolet rays, including an ultraviolet radiation dosimeter body; an ultraviolet filter in the ultraviolet radiation dosimeter body; a detector semiconductor substrate in the ultraviolet radiation dosimeter body connected to the ultraviolet filter for detecting the incoming ultraviolet rays and producing a signal, the semiconductor substrate made of ZnSe(Te), and a chip in the ultraviolet radiation dosimeter body for receiving the signal and measuring the individual's ultraviolet radiation exposure from the incoming ultraviolet rays.

Abstract: In an image pickup apparatus, a detector includes a detection unit and a driving circuit; the detection unit including a plurality of pixels each including a conversion element having a semiconductor layer, and the driving circuit being configured to drive the detection unit whereby the detector performs an image pickup operation to output the electric signal. A power supply unit supplies a voltage to the conversion element. A control unit controls the power supply unit such that the voltage applied to the semiconductor layer is higher in at least part of a period from the start of supplying the voltage to the semiconductor layer from the power supply unit to the start of the image pickup operation than in the image pickup operation.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement is disclosed for a detector. In at least one embodiment, the circuit arrangement includes a directly-converting semi-conductor material and pulse-shaper in the signal readout electronics assembly. A method is disclosed for a readout of count impulses generated in the semi-conductor material, wherein part of the pulse-shaper is equipped with a relatively longer shaping time constant and a different part of the pulse-shaper is equipped with a relatively shorter shaping time constant.

Abstract: Neutron detection cells and corresponding methods of detecting charged particles that make efficient use of silicon area are set forth. Three types of circuit cells/arrays are described: state latching circuits, glitch generating cells, and charge loss circuits. An array of these cells, used in conjunction with a neutron conversion film, increases the area that is sensitive to a strike by a charged particle over that of an array of SRAM cells. The result is a neutron detection cell that uses less power, costs less, and is more suitable for mass production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of fabricating a radiation detector comprising a photosensitive sensor assembly (1, 4), a scintillator (6) that converts the radiation into radiation to which the photosensitive sensor assembly (1, 4) is sensitive, the scintillator (6) being fastened by adhesive bonding to the sensor assembly, the sensor assembly comprising a substrate (4) and several attached sensors (1), the sensors (1) each having two faces (11, 12), a first face (11) of which is bonded to the substrate (4) and a second face (12) of which is bonded to the scintillator (6). The method consists in linking the following operations: the sensors (1) are deposited via their second face (12) on an adhesive film (13); and the sensors (1) are bonded via their first face (11) to the substrate (4).

Abstract: An FPD has plural pixels arranged in two dimensions. The pixels include a short pixel directly connected to a signal line, and a comparative pixel connected to another signal line through a TFT. In irradiation detecting operation, a control section monitors a voltage signal from the short pixel. When the voltage signal is a predetermined threshold value or more, the control section detects the start of X-ray irradiation, and provisionally starts charge accumulation operation. Then, the control section calculates the difference in the voltage signal between the short pixel and the comparative pixel. When this difference is another threshold value or more, the detection of the start of X-ray irradiation is judged to be valid. When the difference is less than the threshold value, the detection is judged to be misdetection caused by shock noise. The charge accumulation operation is aborted, and the irradiation detecting operation is restarted.

Abstract: A ?-radiation detection system that includes at least one semiconductor detector such as HPGe-Detector, a position-sensitive ?-Detector, a TOF Controller, and a Digitizer/Integrator. The Digitizer/Integrator starts to process the energy signals of a ?-radiation sent from the HPGe-Detector instantly when the HPGe-Detector detects the ?-radiation. Subsequently, it is determined whether a coincidence exists between the ?-particles and ?-radiation signal, based on a determination of the time-of-flight of neutrons obtained from the ?-Detector and the HPGe-Detector. If it is determined that the time-of-flight falls within a predetermined coincidence window, the Digitizer/Integrator is allowed to continue and complete the energy signal processing. If, however, there is no coincidence, the Digitizer/Integrator is instructed to be clear and reset its operation instantly.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods/apparatus according to the application can include radiographic imaging device comprising an imaging array of pixels or a plurality of photosensors including a first side to receive light from a scintillator and a second side to pass second light responsive to impingement of the scintillator light and a reflective layer configured to reflect third light responsive to impingement of the second light. Exemplary photosensors can absorb a prescribed amount of the scintillator light received through a first transparent side and the third light received through a second transparent side. Exemplary reflective arrangements can be selected based upon scintillotor emission characteristics and/or photosensor absorption characteristics. Embodiments of radiographic detector arrays and methods can reduce photosensor thickness to reduce noise, reduce image lag and/or increase charge capacity. Embodiments can maintain the quantum efficiency of a reduced thickness photosensor.

Abstract: A system for determining an amount of radiation includes a dosimeter configured to receive the amount of radiation, the dosimeter comprising a circuit having a resonant frequency, such that the resonant frequency of the circuit changes according to the amount of radiation received by the dosimeter, the dosimeter further configured to absorb RF energy at the resonant frequency of the circuit; a radio frequency (RF) transmitter configured to transmit the RF energy at the resonant frequency to the dosimeter; and a receiver configured to determine the resonant frequency of the dosimeter based on the absorbed RF energy, wherein the amount of radiation is determined based on the resonant frequency.

Abstract: An X-ray detector and a method of driving the X-ray detector. Each of a plurality of light sensing pixels of the X-ray detector includes: a photodiode which generates an electric detection signal corresponding to an emitted X-ray in an X-ray detection section; a first switching device which transmits the electric detection signal to the outside; a second switching device which applies a voltage for making both ends of the photodiode equipotential to a node to which the photodiode and the first switching device are connected, in an idle section; and a third switching device which applies a voltage for maintaining a constant potential difference at the both ends of the photodiode to the node in the idle section.

Abstract: An X-ray detector is disclosed. According to one aspect, the X-ray detector includes a plurality of light sensing pixels each including a photodiode for generating an electrical detection signal corresponding to incident light and a switching device for transmitting the detection signal. The X-ray detector additionally includes a gate driver for supplying a gate pulse to the switching device via a plurality of gate lines. The gate pulse may be configured to turn on the switching device. The X-ray detector also includes a read out integrated circuit for reading out the detection signal from the plurality of light sensing pixels. During a scrubbing period, in which gate scanning is performed at least once to initialize the photodiodes of the plurality of light sensing pixels, a plurality of gate pulses are supplied to each gate line during each gate scan.

Abstract: A highly scalable platform for radiation measurement data collection with high precision time stamping and time measurements between the elements in the detection array uses IEEE 1588 with or without Synchronous Ethernet (timing over Ethernet) to synchronize the measurements. At a minimum, the system includes at least two radiation detector units, an IEEE 1588 and SyncE enabled Ethernet switch, and a computer for processing. The addition of timing over Ethernet and power over Ethernet (PoE) allows a radiation measurement system to operate with a single Ethernet cable, simplifying deployment of detectors using standardized technology with a multitude of configuration possibilities. This eliminates the need for an additional hardware for the timing measurements which simplifies the detection system, reduces the cost of the deployment, reduces the power consumption of the detection system and reduces the overall size of the system.

Abstract: Compounds, methods and devices for detecting incident radiation, such as incident x-rays or gamma-rays, are provided. The detection of incident radiation can be accomplished by employing inorganic compounds that include elements with high atomic numbers, that have band gaps of at least about 1.5 eV, and that have an electrical resistivity of at least 106 ?cm as photoelectric materials in a radiation detector. The compounds include inorganic compounds comprising at least one element from periods five or six of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: A radiation detector including a substrate; a first inclined thin film disposed on a first main surface of the substrate, and having crystal planes serving as a factor in inducing anisotropy; a second inclined thin film disposed on a second main surface of the substrate opposite to the first main surface, and having crystal planes serving as a factor in inducing anisotropy; a first electrode pair of electrodes disposed on the first inclined thin film, the electrodes being opposed to each other in a direction in which the crystal planes of the first inclined thin film are aligned inclined to the first main surface; and a second electrode pair of electrodes disposed on the second inclined thin film, the electrodes being opposed to each other in a direction in which the crystal planes of the second inclined thin film are aligned inclined to the second main surface.

Abstract: An extracting step (step S1) extracts uninfluenced pixels with a relatively high degree of certainty, while avoiding influences of random quantum noise as much as possible. An approximate fluoroscopic image is obtained based on such uninfluenced pixels (step S2). Thus, accuracy of the approximate fluoroscopic image can be improved over that of the prior art. Therefore, a grid foil shadow image (step S3) and a foil shadow standard image (step S4) calculated successively based on the approximate fluoroscopic image have improved accuracy over the prior art. As a result, while inhibiting influences of random quantum noise, a foil shadow removed image can be obtained which is free from artifacts due to distortion of a synchronous grid.

Abstract: A variable delay device is connected to a photosensor of a time-of-flight gamma ray detection system and includes a substrate on which a plurality of conductive pins are affixed. A first terminal connected to a first of the plurality of pins and a second terminal connected to the second of the plurality of pins are also affixed to the substrate. A jumper electrically connects the plurality of pins at a predetermined distance relative to the substrate, and a time delay of the variable delay device is determined based on the electrical path between the first and second terminals formed by the plurality of pins and the jumper.

Abstract: When all TFTs are turned on, an electric signal is compared with a first threshold value. If the electric signal is equal to or more than the first threshold value, a first judgment unit judges that X-ray irradiation has been started. A second judgment unit compares second and third threshold values with a first-order differentiation value of an electric signal that is outputted in a state of turning off all the TFTs. If the first-order differentiation value is within or out of a range defined by the second and third threshold values throughout a verification period, the second judgment unit verifies that the judgment of the first judgment unit is correct. When the judgment of the first judgment unit is verified to be correct, the TFTs are kept turned off, and an FPD continuously carries out charge accumulation operation for capturing an X-ray image.

Abstract: Photodetectors operable to achieve multiplication of photogenerated carriers at ultralow voltages. Embodiments include a first p-i-n semiconductor junction combined with a second p-i-n semiconductor junction to form a monolithic photodetector having at least three terminals. The two p-i-n structures may share either the p-type region or the n-type region as a first terminal. Regions of the two p-i-n structures doped complementary to that of the shared terminal form second and third terminals so that the first and second p-i-n structures are operable in parallel. A multiplication region of the first p-i-n structure is to multiply charge carriers photogenerated within an absorption region of the second p-i-n structure with voltage drops between the shared first terminal and each of the second and third terminals being noncumulative.

Abstract: An X-ray detector comprises: a plurality of light sensing pixels including a photodiode generating an electrical detection signal corresponding to incident light and a switching device transmitting the detection signal; a gate driver supplying to the switching device, via a plurality of gate lines, a gate pulse for turning on the switching device; and a read out integrated circuit for reading out the detection signal from the plurality of light sensing pixels. Gate pulses supplied to at least two gate lines partially overlap one another during a scrubbing period in which gate scanning is performed at least one time in order to initialize the photodiode of the plurality of light sensing pixels. Accordingly, the X-ray detector maintains image lag removing efficiency and initialization time of the X-ray detectors is reduced.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing an image. Measurement data is obtained for a coincidence photon event, and a line projector function is generated based on the obtained measurement data. Additional measurement data is obtained for a single photon event, and a cone-surface projector function is generated based on the additional measurement data. An image is reconstructed using the generated line projector function and the generated cone-surface projector function. In another example method for producing an image, a measurement is obtained, and a projector function is generated using the obtained measurement. The generated projector function is modified based on an a priori image. An image is reconstructed using the modified projector function.

Abstract: A radiation dosimetry apparatus and method use a scintillating optical fiber array for detecting dose levels. The scintillating optical fiber detectors generate optical energy in response to a predetermined type of radiation, and are coupled to collection optical fibers that transmit the optical energy to a photo-detector for conversion to an electrical signal. The detectors may be embedded in one or more modular, water-equivalent phantom slabs. A repeatable connector couples the collection fibers to the photo-detector, maintaining the fiber ends in a predetermined spatial relationship. The detector fibers may be distributed as desired in a three-dimensional detection space, and may be oriented with their longitudinal axes at different orientations relative to a transmission axis of an incident radiation beam. A calibration method uses two measurements in two spectral windows, one with irradiation of the scintillator at a known dose and one with only irradiation of the collection fiber.

Abstract: The present invention is a photodetector including improved photosensors configured of an array of small (sub-millimeter) high-density avalanche photodiode cells utilized to readout a single scintillator. Each photosensor comprises a plurality of avalanche photodiodes cells arranged in an (n×n) array of avalanche photodiode cells (where, n>1) that are coupled to a single scintillation crystal. The overall (n×n) array area as the photosensor is the same as the area of a face of the scintillator and each avalanche photodiode cell has a surface area that is not greater than one square millimeter. The photosensor is also configured to facilitate reading the output of each avalanche photodiode cell in the array. By reading out each small avalanche photodiode cell independently, the noise and capacitance are minimized and thereby provide a more accurate determination of energy and timing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an operating method for a semiconductor structure (1), particularly for a detecting element, in a semiconductor detector, particularly in a blocked impurity band detector, comprising the following steps: a) generating free signal charge carriers (2) in the semiconductor detector by impinging radiation, b) collecting the radiation-generated signal charge carriers (2) in a storage area (IG) in the semiconductor structure (1), wherein the storage area (IG) forms a potential well in which the signal charge carriers (2) are captured, c) deleting the signal charge carriers (2) collected in the storage area (IG) in IG that the signal charge carriers (2) are removed from the storage area (IG), d) generating an electric tunnel field in the area of the storage area (IG), so that the signal charge carriers (2) present in the storage area (IG) can tunnel out of the potential well of the storage area (IG) using the tunnel effect, into a conduction band in which the signal charge carriers (2) are f

Abstract: A radiation detector includes an image data detecting unit that detects, as radiographic image data, charge information corresponding to applied radiation; a control unit that determines that radiation has been applied if a read value of the detected charge information is equal to or greater than a threshold value and controls the image data detecting unit to acquire radiographic image data corresponding to radiation that has passed through a subject; and a changing unit that changes the threshold value in accordance with temperature data of the image data detecting unit.

Abstract: A radiation detector is disclosed. The radiation detector comprises an active detector surface configured to generate charge carriers in response to charged particles associated with incident radiation. The active detector surface is further configured with a sufficient thickness for a partial energy deposition of the charged particles to occur and permit the charged particles to pass through the active detector surface. The radiation detector further comprises a plurality of voltage leads coupled to the active detector surface. The plurality of voltage leads are configured to couple to a voltage source to generate a voltage drop across the active detector surface and to separate the charge carriers into a plurality of electrons and holes for detection. The active detector surface may comprise one or more graphene layers. Timing data between active detector surfaces may be used to determine energy of the incident radiation. Other apparatuses and methods are disclosed herein.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting radiation, which can improve the resolution of a radiation image and contribute to the simplification of the manufacture of the apparatus, are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting radiation are provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a radiation detector, an imaging device and an electrode structure thereof, and a method for acquiring an image.

Abstract: Among other things, one or more systems and/or techniques for integrating electrical charge yielded from an indirect conversion detector array of a pulsating radiation system are provided. The integration begins during a resting period between a first and second pulse and ends before the second pulse is emitted. Electrical charge that is measured during a resting period is integrated, while electrical charge measured during a pulse is not integrated. In this way, parasitic contributions caused by the direct interaction of radiation photons with a photodiode are reduced and a quantum efficiency of the indirect conversion detector array is increased, for example. Moreover, the period of integration can be adjusted such that a voltage gain related to the indirect conversion detector array can be varied to a predetermined level.

Abstract: A radiation detector including a substrate; a first inclined thin film disposed on a first main surface of the substrate, and having crystal planes serving as a factor in inducing anisotropy; a second inclined thin film disposed on a second main surface of the substrate opposite to the first main surface, and having crystal planes serving as a factor in inducing anisotropy; a first electrode pair of electrodes disposed on the first inclined thin film, the electrodes being opposed to each other in a direction in which the crystal planes of the first inclined thin film are aligned inclined to the first main surface; and a second electrode pair of electrodes disposed on the second inclined thin film, the electrodes being opposed to each other in a direction in which the crystal planes of the second inclined thin film are aligned inclined to the second main surface.

Abstract: A radiographic image capture system includes: a radiographic image capture section, an output section and a generation section. The radiographic image capture section has plural radiographic imaging devices are placed adjacent to each other in a predetermined direction. Each of the radiographic imaging devices independently performs an imaging action, a preparatory action that is performed before the imaging action, and a transition action in which the radiographic imaging device transitions, in response to a transition command, from a first state in which the radiographic imaging device performs the preparatory action to a second state in which the radiographic imaging device performs the imaging action. The output section outputs the transition command to the plurality of radiographic imaging devices when imaging condition data has been input.

Abstract: A single plane Compton telescope uses a coplanar array of detectors to determine the direction of a radiation source. Detector materials and dimensions may have comparable Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption probabilities, so scattered photons have a high probability of escape from the detector in which the initial interaction occurs, while being absorbed in adjacent detectors. Energy information from coincident interactions between two detectors defines a bearing plane that contains the radiation source; by comparing these interactions in two non-parallel directions, the source is localized to a line representing the intersection of two bearing planes. Energies may be summed to determine the initial photon energy. The array may be of a single detector type or an arrangement of different detector types. The array may be a stationary, planar configuration of at least three detectors, or a linear array of at least two detectors that is rotatable within a selected plane.

Abstract: Composite photodetection devices are described comprising layers with different photodetector embodiments, in connection through vias in bonded layers with electronic circuitry upon them. Standard photodetectors with isolation structures are defined as well as photodetectors with the capability for avalanche operation. Still further embodiments with micropixel embodiments comprising silicon photomultipliers are also described. Embodiments with incorporated transistors are also defined. Methods of using the attached electronics associated with each pixel element to define novel operational set points for the composite photodetector devices are also described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for correction of detected radiation data from a semiconductor device are described. The method comprising the steps of measuring a pulse energy reading from radiation incident at the semiconductor device; filtering the signal and determining the time that the filtered signal exceeds a predetermined threshold energy; if the determined time is within predetermined parameter(s) comprising at least a predetermined maximum, storing the pulse energy reading in a first, pulse energy data register; if the determined time is above a predetermined maximum, discarding the pulse energy reading and incrementing a count in a second, discard data register; repeating the above steps to acquire a dataset of pulse energy readings of a desired size in the first data register; and on completion of such acquisition; using the discard data register to supplement the dataset of pulse energy readings by numerically correcting discarded counts and adding back into the dataset of pulse energy readings.

Abstract: A charged particle beam device includes an electron source structured to generate an electron beam, the electron source being coupled to an electron column that at least partially houses a system structured to direct the electron beam toward a specimen positioned in a sample chamber to which the electron column is coupled, and an electron detector. The electron detector includes one or more assemblies positioned within the electron column or the sample chamber, each of the assemblies including an SiPM and a scintillator directly connected face-to-face to an active light sensing surface of the SiPM without a light transporting device being positioned in between the scintillator and the SiPM.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus includes an image capture unit including a plurality of pixels for imaging X-ray radiation, a first correction unit configured to correct an output value of an unsaturated pixel among the plurality of pixels, and a second correction unit configured to correct an output value of a saturated pixel among the plurality of pixels. The second correction unit corrects the saturated pixel based on an output value of the unsaturated pixel corrected by the first correction unit and located within a predetermined distance from the saturated pixel.

Abstract: A dental radiology apparatus having: an intraoral sensor comprising a detector that includes an active pixel array produced using biCMOS technology and converting a received x-ray into at least one analog electrical output signal; an electronic module encapsulated in a case and which has at least one detector activation device, the module being linked to the sensor by a wire link for the transmission to said sensor of a detector activation signal generated in the module and for the transmission to the module of said at least one analog electrical output signal, the module having analog-digital means for converting said at least one analog electrical output signal into at least one digital output signal; and a remote processing and display unit of said at least one digital output signal which is linked to the electronic module by a wire link intended to ensure the transmission to the unit of said at least one digital output signal.