Abstract: An electronic component handler includes: a placing plate on which an electronic component can be placed; a camera which picks up an image of the placing plate; a light source of a laser beam which casts the laser beam on the placing plate; and a processor for determining whether the electronic component is placed on the placing plate or not and which controls working of the camera and the light source of the laser beam when the processor carries out determination. When determining whether the electronic component is placed on the placing plate or not, the processor causes the camera to pick up an image of the placing plate in a state where the light source of the laser beam is casting the laser beam on the placing plate, and determines whether the electronic component is placed or not, based on a boundary of luminance in the image.

Abstract: Methods of accurately estimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure, such as the UV Index, and sensors adapted for the same.

Abstract: Described are various embodiments of a system, method and device for laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In some embodiments, the LIBS system comprises a silicon photomultiplier (Si PM) operated in a time-gated photon counting mode. Some such embodiments allow for the provision of a portable LIBS device. Also provided are embodiments for the measurement of constituent carbon, gold and/or other precious metal group elements in a target sample.

Abstract: A controller unit for controlling an ultraviolet (UV) sensor may be excited by an excitation voltage that enables the UV sensor to detect incoming UV light. The UV sensor may provide UV detection events that may be related to the intensity of the incoming UV light. The control unit may include an excitation voltage generator, an event detector, and a controller configured to cause the excitation voltage generator to produce an excitation voltage for a cumulative excitation time that is less than 50% of the time, which may significantly increase the operational lifetime and/or reliability of a UV sensor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for predicting a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) in vitro, such as by spectral/image analysis, of a sunscreen formulation are described.

Abstract: One variation of a method for measuring ambient ultraviolet light radiation including: calculating a target direct orientation of a light exposure device based on a location, a current date and time, and a direct solar position model; calculating a target diffuse orientation of the light exposure device based on the location, the current date and time, and a diffuse solar position model; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target direct orientation, recording a direct ultraviolet value; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target diffuse orientation, recording a diffuse ultraviolet value; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and a target global orientation, recording a global ultraviolet value; and calculating an ultraviolet index based on the global ultraviolet value, the direct ultraviolet value, and the diffuse ultraviolet value.

Abstract: System and methods for accurate measurement and real-time feedback of solar ultraviolet exposure for management of ultraviolet dose. The systems can include a wearable device and a mobile device, the system performing accurate measurement of UV exposure.

Abstract: Systems for the monitoring of bacterial levels in samples, using spectral analysis of the light diffracted from a substrate with an ordered array of pores having diameters enabling the targets to enter them. The trapping pore array is cyclically illuminated by light of different wavelengths, and the light diffracted from the pore array is imaged by a 2-dimensional detector array, with one pixel, or a small group of pixels receiving light from each associated pore. The temporal sequence of frames provides a series of images, each from the reflection of a different wavelength. A time sequenced readout of the signal from the pixel or pixels associated with each pore region, provides a spectral plot of the reflected light from that pore region. Spectral analysis of the light intensity from this series of different wavelength enables the effective optical thickness (EOT) of each pore to be extracted.

Abstract: Cosmetic method in which: a) a color is acquired from a region of the body of an individual, by using a device equipped with a color camera and by placing a color reference chart in the field of said camera during the acquisition; and b) using the device, and the color acquired in a), and optionally knowledge of the tanning pathways of various skin colors, at least one indication is delivered concerning skin type and/or at least one indication is delivered concerning at least one skin color obtainable by the individual via the pigmentation or depigmentation process and/or at least one indication is delivered concerning photoprotection and/or application or administration of a product intended to temporarily modify the color of the skin.

Abstract: There is a sunscreen detection device for detecting a sunscreen product, the sunscreen detection device comprising: a substrate; a first light, disposed on the substrate and controllably coupled to a processor, controllable by the processor to emit light at a first light wavelength at the subject's skin when the sunscreen detection device is oriented to emit light on the subject's skin; a first light sensor circuit, disposed on the substrate and communicatively coupled to the processor, capable of sensing a percentage absorption of light by the subject's skin at the first light wavelength (% AbsAtWL1) and communicating the % AbsAtWL1 to the processor; a processor, configured to: cause the first light to emit light when the sunscreen detection device is oriented to emit light on the subject's skin; record the % AbsAtWL1 from the first light sensor; and assess a level of sunscreen protection based at least on the % AbsAtWL1.

Abstract: A coherent beam moves across a stationary line generator, allowing the speckle pattern projected through the diffuser onto the surface—for example using a MEMS mirror, or another arrangement that is free of a moving mass, such as solid state beam deflector (e.g. an AOM). Where an image sensor is employed, such as a DS, the beam is moved at a speed of at least ½ cycle per image frame so that the full length of the line within the imaged scene is captured by the image sensor. The distance traversed on the diffuser provides sufficient uncorrelated speckle patterns within an exposure time to average to a smooth line. The MEMS mirror can be arranged to oscillate in two substantially orthogonal degrees of freedom so that the line is generated along a first direction and the line moves along the working surface in a second direction.

Abstract: An EUV light generating apparatus includes: EUV light sensors configured to measure energy of EUV light from mutually different directions, the EUV light being generated by applying laser light to a target supplied to a predetermined region in a chamber; an application position adjusting unit configured to adjust an application position of the laser light to the target supplied to the predetermined region; and a controller configured to control the application position adjusting unit such that a centroid of the EUV light becomes a target desired centroid, the centroid of the EUV light being specified from measurement results of the EUV light sensors. The controller calibrates the target desired centroid based on EUV light centroids obtained from the energy of the EUV light measured by the EUV light sensors, and a parameter related to the measured energy of the EUV light corresponding to the EUV light centroids.

Abstract: A body-worn device comprising a radiation system to determine a raw radiation exposure of a user, and a user characteristic adjustment logic to adjust the raw radiation exposure based on user characteristics is described. The body-worn device in one embodiment further includes a recommendation calculator to determine a recommendation to the user, based on the adjusted radiation exposure.

Abstract: A fixed position hybrid germicidal irradiation apparatus, method, and system for ultraviolet germicidal irradiation. A plurality of emitters may be coupled to a substantially rectangular housing configured to be coupled to a standard commercial lighting fitting. A second plurality of emitters may be coupled to the substantially rectangular housing. The first plurality of emitters and the second plurality of emitters are operable to emit UV-C radiation at a wavelength of about 265 nanometers and near-UV radiation at a wavelength of about 405 nanometers respectively. UV-C sensors are configured to measure the amount of UV-C light or near UV-C light from a target surface. A controller may be configured to engage with the UV-C sensors to determine the amount of UV-C radiation collected by the UV-C sensors. The improved apparatus, method, and system reduces exposure time by varying the intensity and wavelength of the UV administered, while concurrently reducing UV overexposure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus embodied in order to correct efficiently changing of measured temperature value in a temperature sensor according to influence of irradiance. A radiosonde related an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first temperature sensor; a second temperature sensor having higher emission ratio than the first temperature sensor; and a measuring unit in order to calculate corrected temperature value, but the radiosonde and the third temperature sensor are installed in a chamber before flying of the radiosonde, a first temperature change detected by the first temperature sensor by output light in a sunlight simulator and a second temperature change detected by the second temperature sensor are induces, compensation factors may be derived using the first temperature change, the second temperature change, and temperature value measured by the third temperature sensor.

Abstract: Eyewear having monitoring capability, such as for radiation, is disclosed. Radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, infrared (IR) radiation or light, can be measured by a detector. The measured radiation can then be used in providing radiation-related information to a user of the eyewear. Advantageously, the user of the eyewear is able to easily monitor their exposure to radiation.

Abstract: A detection method, an inspection method, a detection apparatus, and an inspection apparatus capable of preventing an error in a luminance unevenness correction and thereby accurately inspecting an object to be inspected are provided. A detection method according to the present disclosure includes illuminating an object to be inspected by using illumination light including pulsed light, acquiring image data of the object to be inspected by concentrating light from the object to be inspected illuminated by the illumination light and detecting the concentrated light by an inspection detector, acquiring image data of a luminance distribution of the illumination light, the luminance distribution being detected by illuminating a correction detector by using part of the illumination light, and detecting inspection image data by correcting the image data of the object to be inspected based on the image data of the luminance distribution.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring the thickness of a liner applied onto the inner wall of a pipe, the device comprising a sprayer assembly adapted to deposit a polymer resin onto the inner wall of a pipe to create a liner upon curing, the sprayer assembly being moved through the pipe. The sprayer assembly has a leading sensor assembly that measures the inner diameter of the pipe and trailing sensor assembly that measures the inner diameter of the liner. The trailing sensor assembly has a housing with windows through which sensor devices take readings, and a transparent film is disposed across the windows to protect the sensors from occluding contamination. The transparent film is advanced as the exposed portion of the film becomes excessively contaminated.

Abstract: A method for determining a parameter of an optical equipment, including: an optical equipment positioning, during which an optical equipment including a pair of optical lenses mounted on a spectacle frame is positioned in a first position; a portable electronic device positioning, during which a portable electronic device including an image acquisition module is positioned in a second position determined and/or known relatively to the first position to acquire an image of a distant element seen through at least part of the optical lenses of the optical equipment in the first position; a parameter determining, during which at least one optical parameter of the optical equipment is determined based on the image of a distant element seen through at least part of the optical lenses of the optical equipment in the first position.

Abstract: A portable sunscreen applying apparatus and a sunscreen application reminding method are provided, and the portable sunscreen applying apparatus includes: an ultraviolet processing device and a sunscreen accommodating device connected with the ultraviolet processing device, the sunscreen accommodating device is configured for accommodating sunscreens of different protection levels; the ultraviolet processing device includes: an ultraviolet detecting unit, for detecting current ultraviolet and obtaining an intensity of the current ultraviolet; and a sunscreen application reminding unit, for issuing a warning reminder of one of the sunscreens of the protection level corresponding to the intensity of the current ultraviolet. The ultraviolet processing device and the sunscreen accommodating device are provided together, the intensity of the current ultraviolet is detected by the ultraviolet detecting unit in the ultraviolet processing device, and the user is reminded to use the appropriate sunscreen.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic device, wherein the electronic device includes a projector and a controller. The projector includes a laser module and a lens module with a cover glass, wherein a laser beam generated from the laser module passes through the lens module to generate a projected image. The controller is coupled to the projector, and is arranged for determining if the cover glass is broken to generate a determination result, and controlling a power of the laser module according to the determination result.

Abstract: A cannabinoid analysis system includes a solvent input port configured to receive a flow of a solvent, a sample input port configured to receive a chemical mixture including a sample, a pump configured to move the solvent and chemical mixture, an extraction cartridge coupled to the pump and configured to separate a combination of the chemical mixture and the flow of the solvent into two or more partially-separated chemical components, a spectroscopy cell configured to generate a chromatogram including two or more overlapping absorption peaks corresponding to the two or more partially-separated chemical components, and a controller configured to determine a chemical concentration of each partially-separated chemical component of the two or more partially-separated chemical components.

Abstract: An X-ray optics assembly for an X-ray diffractometer is provided, comprising a multilayer mirror, in particular a Goebel mirror, and a switching system with which beam paths for an X-ray beam are selectable. The X-ray optics assembly includes a monochromator, in particular a channel-cut crystal, and three beam paths for the X-ray beam are selectable using the switching system. A first beam path in a first position of the switching system leads past the multilayer mirror and leads past the monochromator, a second beam path in a second position of the switching system contains the multilayer mirror and leads past the monochromator, and a third beam path in a third position of the switching system contains the multilayer mirror and contains the monochromator. The invention provides an X-ray optics assembly and an X-ray diffractometer which may be used even more universally for various measurement geometries in a simple manner.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multiple light emitter device which inactivates microorganisms. The device includes at least two light emitters and at least one light-converting material arranged to convert at least a portion of light from the light emitters. Any unconverted light emitted from the light emitters and converted light emitted from the at least one light-converting material mixes to form a combined light, the combined light being white. In one aspect, the light emitters include at least one blue light emitter and at least one violet light emitter. In another aspect, the light emitters include one blue light emitter and one emitter within the range of approximately yellow to infra-red light.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for evaluating an index of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of an eye of a wearer equipped with spectacles including at least one eyeglass, including the following steps: —determining the area of a portion of the back face of the eyeglass, which portion is directly exposed to exterior radiation when the wearer is wearing the spectacles; —determining a value representative of the exposure to ultraviolet radiation of at least one environment frequented by the wearer; and —determining the index of exposure depending on the determined area and the determined value. An associated system is also described.

Abstract: An ultraviolet measurement system includes a measurement device that is configured to be portable by a user, and measures ultraviolet information regarding an ultraviolet ray, and a display device that can perform communication with the measurement device, in which one of the measurement device and the display device includes a position acquisition unit that acquires position information indicating a position of either of the user and the measurement device, and a storage unit that stores the ultraviolet information measured by the measurement device in correlation with measurement position information which is position information of when the ultraviolet information is measured by the measurement device among pieces of position information acquired by the position acquisition unit, and in which the display device displays information based on the ultraviolet information and the measurement position information.

Abstract: A method of determining tear film lipid layer thickness. The method includes the steps of measuring a tear film aqueous plus lipid layer relative reflectance spectrum using a wavelength-dependent optical interferometer; converting the measured tear film aqueous plus lipid layer relative reflectance spectrum to a calculated absolute reflectance spectrum; and comparing the calculated absolute reflectance spectrum to a theoretical absolute lipid reflectance spectrum to determine a tear film lipid layer thickness.

Abstract: An embodiment of an active dosimeter system for detecting and communicating a radiation dose in real time is described that comprises a peripheral detector configured to be worn on an extremity or a head region of a user that includes a radiation sensor to detect ionizing radiation; a processor to determine a level of the ionizing radiation; and a wireless device to send a transmission comprising the detected level of the ionizing radiation; where the determination of the level of ionizing radiation and the transmission occur in real-time; and a receiver located in close proximity to the user that receives the transmission, and comprises an interface that informs the user of the detected level of the ionizing radiation.

Abstract: Eyewear having radiation monitoring capability is disclosed. Radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, infrared (IR) radiation or light, can be measured by a detector. The measured radiation can then be used in providing radiation-related information to a user of the eyewear. Advantageously, the user of the eyewear is able to easily monitor their exposure to radiation.

Abstract: Video recordings from two or more optical channels are produced, processed, and analyzed simultaneously in order to provide quantitative analysis of action potentials, calcium transients and ionic flux in excitable cells loaded with voltage or ion sensitive dyes with distinct excitation and emission wavelengths. The specific wavelengths of fluorescent light emitted from each dye are separated and recorded. The recordings are mutually registered and cytometric analysis is performed to provide a quantitative analysis of the action potentials, calcium transient, and/or ionic flux on a cell-by-cell and well-by-well basis in microtiter plates. The cells are then fixed, labeled for other biomarkers, and scanned again. The resulting fixed cell images are registered with the live cell recordings and analyzed; missing cells that were washed off are detected relative to the live recordings, and cytometry data from live and fixed cell scans is collated cell-by-cell.

Abstract: An efficient absorption spectroscopy system is provided. The spectroscopy system may be configured to measure solid, liquid or gaseous samples. Vacuum ultra-violet wavelengths may be utilized. Some of the disclosed techniques can be used for detecting the presence of trace concentrations of gaseous species. A preferable gas flow cell is disclosed. Some of the disclosed techniques may be used with a gas chromatography system so as to detect and identify species eluted from the column. Some of the disclosed techniques may be used in conjunction with an electrospray interface and a liquid chromatography system so as to detect and identify gas phase ions of macromolecules produced from solution. Some of the disclosed techniques may be used to characterize chemical reactions. Some of the disclosed techniques may be used in conjunction with an ultra short-path length sample cell to measure liquids.

Abstract: A light source module comprises a substrate at an inner side of a fixing plate, a heat dissipation plate at an inner side of the substrate, a fixing base at an inner side of the heat dissipation plate, a positive and a negative electrode elastic element. The substrate is connected with an illuminate element and formed with a positive and a negative electrode connecting portion for respectively connecting to the positive and negative electrodes of the illuminate element. The positive and negative electrode elastic elements are sleeved at the fixing base and respectively formed with a positive and a negative electrode pin to connect to the positive and negative electrode connecting portions. Accordingly, assembly is easier and more convenient, bad connection or short circuit does not occur, and inner resistance and the power consumption are decreased.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus (1) for cooling a fluid by means of surface water comprises a plurality of tubes (10) for containing and transporting the fluid to be cooled in their interior, the tubes (10) being intended to be at least partially exposed to the surface water during operation of the cooling apparatus (1). Furthermore, the cooling apparatus (1) comprises a plurality of light sources (21, 22) for producing light that hinders fouling of the exterior of the tubes (10), the light sources (21, 22) being dimensioned and positioned with respect to the tubes (10) so as to cast anti-fouling light over the exterior of the tubes (10), wherein the light sources (21, 22) have a generally elongated shape, and wherein the light sources (21, 22) are arranged in at least two mutually different orientations in the cooling apparatus (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transparent ophthalmic lens comprising a substrate having a main front face and a main rear face, said main front face being coated with a multilayer interference coating, preferably an anti-reflection coating, comprising a stack of at least one layer have a refractive index greater than 1.6 and at least one layer having a refractive index less than 1.55, characterized in that: the mean reflection factor on said main front face coated with said interference coating, between 350 nm and a wavelength between 380 and 400 nm, preferably between 350 and 380 nm, weighted by the function W(I), is greater than or equal to 35% for at least one angle of incidence between 0° and 17°; the light reflection factor at 400 nm on said main front face coated with said interference coating is less than or equal to 35% for at least one angle of incidence between 0° and 17°.

Abstract: A laser scanning microscope (SR-LSM) and a method for correcting imaging errors in a laser scanning microscope. The SR-LSM includes an illumination device for providing an illumination spot; a scanner for moving the illumination spot to consecutive scanning positions over a sample to be examined; an adaptive optics unit for controlling a wavefront of the illumination spot with a control device and a detector for determining a spatially resolved imaging spot emitted by the sample. An evaluation unit is provided for determining a point-spread function (PSF) of the imaging spot at each scanning position, whereby a wavefront correction signal determined from the point-spread function (PSF) of a scanning position is supplied to the control device of the adaptive optics unit or is used in digital post-processing of the microscope image (e.g. by means of deconvolution).

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to devices, systems and methods for measuring the dose remaining in a drug delivery device that is used for delivering a dose to a patient. In some embodiments, a dose measurement system for measuring the liquid volume in a container includes a plurality of light sources which are disposed and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation toward the container. A plurality of sensors are located in the apparatus that are optically coupleable to the plurality of light sources and are disposed and configured to detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by at least a portion of the light sources. The apparatus also includes a processing unit configured to receive data representing the portion of the detected electromagnetic radiation from each of the plurality of sensors. The processing unit is further operable to convert the received data into a signature representative of the electromagnetic radiation detected by the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of obtaining data describing an object structure. The method comprising the steps of: (a) illuminating the object structure with illuminating radiation; (b) modulating the phase of the illuminating radiation after scattering by the object structure, the modulation comprising applying a first phase factor dependent upon at least one controllable parameter and an aberration function having a form of a subadditive function of a vector norm; (c) capturing a plurality of intensity patterns, wherein each intensity pattern corresponds to a unique value of the at least one controllable parameter; and (d) reconstructing the data describing the object structure based on the plurality of intensity patterns. Also disclosed are corresponding inspection and lithographic apparatuses, a method of manufacturing devices and a computer program.

Abstract: A inspection system includes an illumination source to generate an illumination beam, focusing elements to direct the illumination beam to a sample, a detector, collection elements configured to direct radiation emanating from the sample to the detector, a detection mode control device to image the sample in two or more detection modes such that the detector generates two or more collection signals based on the two or more detection modes, and a controller. Radiation emanating from the sample includes at least radiation specularly reflected by the sample and radiation scattered by the sample. The controller determines defect scattering characteristics associated with radiation scattered by defects on the sample based on the two or more collection signals. The controller also classifies the one or more particles according to a set of predetermined defect classifications based on the one or more defect scattering characteristics.

Abstract: A radiance sensor includes a memory and a microprocessor. The memory stores non-transitory computer-readable instructions and adapted to store a plurality of electrical signals output from a photodetector array in response to electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a lenslet array and incident on the photodetector array. The microprocessor is adapted to execute the instructions to (i) determine irradiance of the electromagnetic radiation in a detector plane from the plurality of electrical signals, each electrical signal having generated by a respective one of a plurality of photodetectors of the photodetector array, and (ii) reconstruct, from the determined irradiance, the 4D-radiance in an input plane, the lenslet array being between the input plane and the detector plane.

Abstract: Cosmetic method in which: a) a color is acquired from a region of the body of an individual, by using a device equipped with a color camera and by placing a color reference chart in the field of said camera during the acquisition; and b) using the device, and the color acquired in a), and optionally knowledge of the tanning pathways of various skin colors, at least one indication is delivered concerning skin type and/or at least one indication is delivered concerning at least one skin color obtainable by the individual via the pigmentation or depigmentation process and/or at least one indication is delivered concerning photoprotection and/or application or administration of a product intended to temporarily modify the color of the skin.

Abstract: The present application provides the block copolymers and their application. The present application may provide the block copolymers that have excellent self assembling and phase separation properties and therefore that can be effectively used in various applications. The present application may also provide applications of the block copolymers.

Abstract: The present application provides the block copolymers and their application. The present application may provide the block copolymers that have excellent self assembling and phase separation properties and therefore that can be effectively used in various applications. The present application may also provide applications of the block copolymers.

Abstract: A method of determining tear film lipid layer thickness. The method includes the steps of measuring a tear film aqueous plus lipid layer relative reflectance spectrum using a wavelength-dependent optical interferometer; converting the measured tear film aqueous plus lipid layer relative reflectance spectrum to a calculated absolute reflectance spectrum; and comparing the calculated absolute reflectance spectrum to a theoretical absolute lipid reflectance spectrum to determine a tear film lipid layer thickness.

Abstract: In an approach to monitoring sunscreen effectiveness, a computer receives input from a user. The computer receives data corresponding to ultraviolet radiation exposure from a first ultraviolet radiation sensor and a second ultraviolet radiation sensor. The computer determines an amount of ultraviolet radiation received by the first ultraviolet radiation sensor and the second ultraviolet radiation sensor. The computer determines whether the amount of ultraviolet radiation received by the first ultraviolet radiation sensor is similar to the amount of ultraviolet radiation received by the second ultraviolet radiation sensor. The computer determines whether the amount of ultraviolet radiation received by the first ultraviolet radiation sensor is below an alert threshold. In response to determining the amount of ultraviolet radiation received by the first ultraviolet radiation sensor is not below an alert threshold, the computer transmits an alert message to the user.

Abstract: A diamond identification apparatus is disclosed, the diamond identification apparatus comprising a support platform for receiving a gemstone at an observation position, a first light source arranged to emit light at a predetermined angle towards the observation position and a first photodiode arranged to detect an amount of light from the first light source being reflected from the gemstone at the observation position. The diamond identification apparatus further comprises a second light source arranged to emit light towards the observation position, a second photodiode arranged to detect light from the second light source that passes through the gemstone at the observation position and a processor unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus. The apparatus comprises a field generator, configured to produce a field shield protecting a reticle from foreign particles.

Abstract: Lithography methods and corresponding lithography apparatuses are disclosed herein for improving throughput of lithography exposure processes. An exemplary lithography method includes generating a plurality of target material droplets and generating radiation from the plurality of target material droplets based on a dose margin to expose a wafer. The dose margin indicates how many of the plurality of target material droplets are reserved for dose control. In some implementations, the plurality of target material droplets are grouped into a plurality of bursts, and the lithography method further includes performing an inter-compensation operation that designates an excitation state of target material droplets in one of the plurality of bursts to compensate for an energy characteristic of another one of the plurality of bursts.

Abstract: An external element of a timepiece including a frame made of a first material, the external element further including at least one light sensor.

Abstract: A UV dosimeter function is provided in a portable multifunction device. The device utilizes a UV light sensor to detect the user's presence while outdoors and measure the cumulative outdoor exposure time. The cumulative UV exposure is optionally provided via a messaging service or alert, and a UV index value is optionally utilized with the cumulative outdoor exposure to determine the risk of skin damage and to provide user guidance relating to recommended protective measures. An ambient light sensor is optionally provided and is used to augment the UV light thresholds used to determine the light exposure state.

Abstract: The method of determining the presence of a spill of a petroleum product by the detection of a petroleum-derived volatile organic compound (VOC) generally has a step of providing an ultraviolet (UV) radiation generator and a receiver assembly aimed at a scene; a step of illuminating a distant target in the scene with a UV radiation beam, the UV radiation beam having an excitation wavelength being tuned to a resonance Raman excitation wavelength of the petroleum derived VOC; a step of receiving a return signal from the distant target; and a step of determining the presence of the petroleum-derived VOC upon detecting Raman scattering in the received return signal, the Raman scattering being indicative of a resonance Raman interaction between the UV radiation beam and molecules of the petroleum-derived VOC.