Abstract: A method of using microwave-induced dielectric polarization to enhance the diffusivity of a liquid or a supercritical fluid mobile phase in chromatography, while having essentially no effect on other physical properties of the mobile phase.

Abstract: An ultraviolet device used for flooding an air duct of an air ventilation system with ultraviolet light comprising a mounting portion, the mounting portion that is mountable to an air duct, at least one mounting bracket which is interchangeably mountable to the mounting portion and at least one ultraviolet light lamp, the lamp is mountable to the mounting bracket wherein the angle at which the lamp mounts to said mounting bracket may be configured to maximize the coverage of ultraviolet light within the air duct.

Abstract: A modular ballast enclosure for use in a fluid disinfection system. The enclosure has an enclosure wall, preferably comprising a thermally conductive material, and at least one ballast within the enclosure wall for powering a lamp module. At least one portion of the enclosure wall is adjacent to a lamp module in a fluid channel. The enclosure also has a receptacle on the modular ballast unit adapted to receive a connection from the lamp module.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of treating a volume of fluid. The apparatus includes a fluid passageway through which the fluid flows, at least one source of irradiation, external to the fluid passageway, and at least two elongated elliptical reflecting troughs for reflecting irradiation from the at least one source of irradiation onto the fluid passageway. Open ends of the troughs face each other to define a space between the closed ends of the troughs. The fluid passageway and the at least one source of irradiation are positioned in the space, with each source of irradiation within a respective one of the at least two troughs. At least one of the fluid passageway and the at least one source of irradiation is spaced from the focal axes so as to provide a substantially uniform irradiation distribution within the fluid in the fluid passageway.

Abstract: A system and method for purifying air by employing an air purifier which includes at least one UV lamp such that the system produces at least two separate UV energy intensity maxima in distinct regions of the system. Each radiating region of the system is optically isolated from some or all of the other radiating regions by an optical isolator. The optical isolator, and/or other elements of the air purifier may be made of, and/or coated with, predetermined elements that act to enhance the efficiency of the internal reactions of the air purifier.

Abstract: A device and method for non-destructively inactivating microorganisms, and more particularly for non-destructively inactivating microorganisms by subjecting a microdispersion of biological or other pharmaceutical material to short-duration, high-intensity pulses of an energetic emission is provided. The microdispersion treatment device comprises an emitter; a power supply coupled to the emitter; a flow chamber designed to produce a microdispersion of the material across an exposure region such that the material is substantially non-destructively exposed to an emission emitted from the emitter.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for irradiating material comprises a single UV, pulsed brigth white light or IR lamp (2) with a centrally disposed receptacle (3) for containing material to be irradiated. The lamp can be an elongate hollow tube (2) of annular construction. Internal formations may be present within the lamp to control the position of the arc. For example, the lamp may have a plurality of longitudinal segments arranged such that a discharge arc is formed within each segment or internal formations may be provided to direct the position of the arc within the lamp. A pump (36) may be included for moving material through the receptacle which is preferably the hollow area within the annulus of the elongate hollow tube. Material can be treated batchwise or in a continuous process. This apparatus is suitable for the sterilisation of biological and/or non-biological materials. A further use is in carrying out photolysis on chemical substances in photochemical reactions.

Abstract: The invention features apparatuses and methods for inactivating viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens in protein-containing fluids. The apparatuses include a radiation transparent housing at least of a portion of which is radiation transparent. In addition, the housing contains a static mixer such that fluid flowing the housing approximates fully mixed flow. Pathogens are inactivated in liquids flowing through an apparatus of the invention by exposing the liquid to UV radiation, e.g., UVC radiation, at an appropriate intensity for an appropriate period of time.

Abstract: An apparatus for irradiation of a fluid with UV light includes a tubular body consisting of UV-permeable material. The body includes a fluid chamber and openings for passage of fluid. A UV source is provided to subject the chamber to the UV light. A wiper is centrally supported in the body to clean the inner surface of the body. Light baffles define an irradiated section of the chamber to prevent light penetration beyond the irradiated section while permitting the fluid to flow through. The apparatus is provided as a component in a housing having a modular design. The modules include a back cover for surface mounting. The body is mounted to the back cover. An inner cover is attached to the back cover. The inner cover includes the UV source and modular electronics. A front cover is attached to the inner and back cover.

Abstract: An ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) is provided that has a non-radioactive electron source in an evacuated chamber that is separated from the reaction chamber of the IMS by an x-ray window. Electrons from the source impinge upon an x-ray anode, causing the emission of x-ray radiation toward the window. A current controller is provided by which currents in the electron-source chamber are monitored and controlled using a microprocessor circuit. If a maximum permissible residual gas pressure is exceeded, the electron source is automatically shut down and a gettering process is activated.

Abstract: A device for sterilizing water flowing through a sanitary appliance, e.g. a bathtub outlet (1), comprises a UV lamp (12), which is disposed in a housing (2, 3, 4) having a housing jacket (2) and the radiation of which is directed towards the water flowing through. Disposed in the housing (2, 3, 4) is a throughflow chamber (17), which surrounds the UV lamp (12). The UV lamp (12) has a substantially rod-shaped lamp body (32). The latter is surrounded by a protective tube (19) made substantially of a material which transmits UV light. The protective tube (19) prevents a flow directly against the lamp body (32). The lamp body (32) is supported against the protective tube (19) via supporting means (38, 39), which allow only a low heat transfer between the protective tube (19) and the lamp body (32).

Abstract: A device for the degermination of a fluid by means of UV rays is arranged such that simultaneously produces ozone for the improvement of the degermination effectiveness.

Abstract: An ultra violet light sterilizing apparatus includes in one embodiment a fluid chamber, at least one ultraviolet light source configured to emit ultraviolet light into the fluid chamber, and at least one ultraviolet light sensor that includes a photodiode. The photodiode is a silicon carbide photodiode, a gallium nitride photodiode, or an aluminum gallium nitride photodiode. Each UV light sensor includes a sealed outer housing having an optically transparent window. The photodiode is located inside the housing adjacent the transparent window. Each UV light sensor also includes a signal amplification unit that includes an amplifier mounted on a printed circuit board located inside the housing. The UV sterilization apparatus also includes a controller configured to receive, as input, a signal from each ultraviolet light sensor.

Abstract: Water is supplied to a water user outlet facility by maintaining a tappable flow of water in a recirculating loop that includes a pump such as a centrifugal pump driven by a substantially constant speed motor to establish the flow, a water delivery path that extends from the pump to the outlet facility, and a water return path that extends from the outlet facility back to the pump. The flow is permitted to be controllably tapped at the facility by a water user while directing any untapped portion of the flow into the water return path. Such recirculation avoids stagnation and thereby impedes deterioration in the potability of the water. Further such recirculation makes the recirculating loop and water within the loop less sensitive to the temperature of the surrounding environment. The recirculating loop may include a water purifier such as an ultra-violet lamp source to kill organic contaminants and, as well, may include a filter to remove inorganic material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a point-of-use water treatment system unit (10). The unit (10) includes a filter housing assembly (60) having a filter tank assembly (66) and a closure (64) which utilizes a handle (152) and cammed reciprocating lock blades (146, 150) to secure the closure (64) to the filter tank assembly (66). A UV tank assembly (300) includes a planar baffle plate (322) and a vaned baffle plate (324) to induce plug flow about a UV lamp assembly (280). The UV lamp assembly (280) is used which simultaneously electrically and sealingly mounts to UV tank assembly (300) and electrical cap assembly (290) using a bayonet mount. A bi-planar manifold assembly (40) is used to interconnect components of the WTS unit and to provide an envelope for accommodating a water pipe assembly (34). The bi-planar manifold assembly (40) enhances the compactness of the design of the WTS unit (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to an irradiation system for disinfecting water comprising a conduit which is transparent to ultraviolet radiation, a chamber having an annular cross section, disposed around the conduit, the chamber containing an ionizable gas, and a coil disposed around the chamber for ionizing the ionizable gas to produce an ultraviolet emission which propagates into the conduit to disinfect the water flowing through the conduit.

Abstract: A conveying system (22) transports loose particulate material past a radiation source (200). A feed system (20) discharges particulate material onto the conveying system (22). A pneumatic system with an inlet manifold (14) and tubes (16) provides air through which the particulate material is fluidly transported to the feed system (20). A receiving hopper (24) receives the particulate matter from the conveying system (22). A dump hopper (10) dumps the particulate material into the pneumatic system. A discharge manifold (18) separates the particulate material from air. A metering gate (70) is located at a base of a hopper (69), which controls the layer of particulate material deposited onto said conveyor. A second inlet manifold (26) and tubes (28) adjacent the receiving hopper entrains the particulate material in air. A receiving station (32) receives the particulate material from a second discharge manifold (30).

Abstract: There is disclosed an optical radiation sensor system. The system includes a sensor device and a cleaning device. The sensor device detects and responds to radiation from a radiation field and includes a surface that is movable with respect to the radiation field between a first position in which the surface is in the radiation field and a second position in which at least a portion of the surface is out of the radiation field. The cleaning device operates to remove fouling materials from at least a portion of the surface in the second position. The cleaning device may be a chemical cleaning device, a mechanical cleaning device or a combined chemical/mechanical device.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a lamp assembly for use in a point-of-use water treatment system or other device. The lamp assembly includes a condensing element to condense mercury in a bulb within the arc path of opposing filaments when the bulb is de-energized. In one embodiment, the time required for the lamp assembly to produce light upon subsequent re-energization of the bulb is significantly reduced because the mercury is in the intermediate portion of the bulb, within the filament arc path.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for treating polymeric material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, with radiation. The polytetrafluoroethylene is moved under an electron beam in an even and consistent depth on an adapted vibratory table. The vibratory table is sealably covered which allows a controlled environment. The polymeric material can be degraded to lower molecular weight forms or reacted with other materials.

Abstract: A photooxidation water treatment device includes a reaction chamber having an inlet for water to be treated in one end portion thereof and an outlet for treated water in the other end portion thereof, ozone supplying means for supplying ozone to the water to be treated, and ultraviolet ray irradiation means disposed in the reaction chamber for irradiating ultraviolet ray to the water to be treated and the ozone supplied to the water to be treated. The water to be treated supplied with the ozone flows through the reaction chamber from the inlet to the outlet along the ultraviolet ray irradiation means. The inlet which is provided in the lower portion of the reaction chamber is arranged horizontally obliquely with respect to a line normal to the circumference of the reaction chamber so as to cause a spiral flow of water to be treated.

Abstract: A water disinfection system includes a housing having a plurality of risers 207 therein for directing independent columns of water from a manifold at the bottom of the housing. An ultraviolet light source 214 is disposed above the risers to treat the water flowing therein. The UV light source may also be in the form of a fiber optic system (FIG. 4) or a mercury arc lamp including a parabolic reflector 64. Each of the risers can also include notches 304 (FIG. 9) for inducing turbulence to the water flowing thereover in order to ensure that all of the microorganisms receive ultraviolet light. The water flow rate and the light intensity may be adjusted to accommodate different levels of water contamination.

Abstract: In the method and system of the instant invention, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) liberated in the course of solvent-based painting of a workpiece, are recovered. The atmosphere within a closed spray-booth is maintained at a fixed humidity such that vaporized water, supplied in the form of steam or nebulized water vapor, acts as a carrier for VOCs liberated in the course of spray painting or heat curing of a workpiece. The VOCs may be recovered continuously, including during the spray-painting or heat curing of the workpiece. The VOC laden, humidified air is circulated through a condenser such that VOCs dissolved in the water vapor condense and are directed to a recovery means. The water and solvent are separated, recovered and purified for re-use or placed in an appropriate container for disposal, thereby eliminating the usual practice of expelling VOC laden air into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A confocal imaging system that includes an image-recording system and having a flow-through cuvette that is located in an inclined position with reference to a focal plane of the image-recording system such that the motion of the suspension flow automatically brings the particles to be examined into different focal positions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (50) for sterilizing a medium preferably water. The device has a conduit of pipes (51) through which the medium that is to be purified is passed. At least one removable UV lamp producing ultraviolet radiation is fitted almost concentrically in the conduit. The conduit (51) is U-shaped and has two separate adjacent pipe sections (54). Two sleeves (53), (52) are connected to the inlet and outlet sides of each of these pipe sections, respectively. One of the sleeves (53) forms a channel from one pipe section (54) and the other sleeve (52) forms an inlet and outlet for the medium. This latter sleeve has two flange sections (62), each receiving a UV lamp (55) that extends into a separate one of the pipe sections (54). This results in a sterilizing device which is inexpensive to produce and easy to dissemble for cleaning.

Abstract: A domestic countertop water treatment apparatus comprising a water treatment reservoir which is at least translucent; a housing having an ozone source in flow communication with the water treatment reservoir for treating water in the water treatment reservoir; a carbon block filter and a water pump mounted in the housing, the carbon block filter and the water pump in flow communication with the water treatment reservoir for removing treated water from the water treatment reservoir and passing the treated water through the carbon block filter; and, a treated water reservoir which is at least translucent and is positioned downstream from the carbon block filter for receiving treated water from the carbon block filter whereby, as treated water is dispensed from the water treatment reservoir to the treated water reservoir, the level of water in the water treatment reservoir is visibly lowered while the level of water in the treated water reservoir is visibly raised.

Abstract: A germicidal lamp for harsh environments is disclosed. The germicidal lamp is suited for outdoor installation on an HVAC system or related components. The germicidal lamp is made from materials resistant to splashing water, etc., and includes plural seals to protect the interior of the fixture and prevent leakage or contamination into or out of the HVAC system.

Abstract: The invention describes a storage and dispatch container for variable quantities of radioactive miniature radiation sources as well as a locking and opening device for the said storage and dispatch container and is applicable for the transport of radioactive miniature radiation sources in well organized and undamaged condition. The dispatch containers serve as storage depots at the same time and meet the requirements of radiation safety with passive protection from loss. Their construction permits automatic filling or transfer of the contents using a corresponding device. The container is characterized in that a capillary tube (8) for the uptake of the radiation sources (15) is arranged in the main body (1) of the container and that the main body (1) exhibits a lower end-piece (2) with a fluid-medium connection (4) as well as an upper end-piece (3) with an input/output opening (3a) for the radiation sources (15), which can be locked by means of a locking mechanism (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treatment of fluids, the invention being characterized in that ozone is generated in the medium, which ozone is exposed to UV radiation at the same time as it is being generated, so that the ozone is broken down and free radicals are obtained. The invention also relates to an apparatus in accordance with the method, which apparatus comprises an enclosure (1) provided with at least one inlet (2) and at least one outlet (3). The apparatus is characterized in that an oxidizing member (4) is arranged in the enclosure (1) and generates ozone and at the same time breaks down the ozone to free radicals.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the irradiation, in particular UV irradiation, of a liquid. The irradiation takes place in this case under precisely defined and reproducible operating conditions. The apparatus has a rotating cylinder with an upper inflow, a lower outflow and an irradiation unit, the cylinder forming an angle of inclination (&agr;) with the horizontal. The lower outflow also has two connections for passing on the liquid, one connection being closable with the aid of a first control unit if the irradiation of the liquid deviates from the defined conditions.

Abstract: The connection, assembly, or fill of two or more pre-sterilized components having at least one terminal end each for attachment to another component, and an apparatus for performing such a connection, while maintaining the sterility of the components is disclosed. The resulting connection is made permanent by bonding the contacting components together using either a solvent bonding technique, a radio frequency sealer, a heat sealer, or any other suitable process. The connection is preferably made within an active sterile field. Using a low-voltage electron beam instrument, such as the MIN-EB™, a suitable sterile field sphere can be created. The terminal ends of the multiple components remain within the sterile field sphere until the possibility of contamination within the sealed components is significantly reduced to industry acceptable standards.

Abstract: A germicidal UV chamber for use on air passing through a duct system, such as a central air system which replace one or more sections of the duct and, in essence, becomes part of the duct work. Each chamber is in the form of one or more ellipsoid sections which focus the energy uniformly throughout the chamber. The inlet and exit passages from the chamber are a grill formed from truncated elliptical concentric rings. Also positioned in the chamber is an ultraviolet transparent conduit through which a liquid such as water passes and is also germicidally cleansed. The conduit may very in diameter to retain UV energy in the conduit.

Abstract: A pipe switching unit switches connections between the radiation monitor side and a plurality of sampling pipes which are installed in different sampling places to introduce air from the respective sampling places. An intermittent dust radiation monitor collect, in a dust collection section, dust in the air introduced through each sampling pipe sequentially switched by the pipe switching unit, and measures the radioactivity concentration of dust in the dust collection section. A continuous dust radiation monitor collects, in a dust collection section, dust in the air introduced through a fixed sampling pipe switched by the pipe switching unit, and measures the radioactivity concentration of dust in the dust collection section. With this arrangement, while intermittent measurement is performed in normal operation as in the prior art, the intermittent measurement is switched to continuous measurement, as needed, thereby improving the measurement precision.

Abstract: A method for delaying the onset, retarding the progression, and causing regression of atherosclerosis in a mammal comprises: (a) treating an aliquot of mammalian blood ex vivo with at least one stressor selected from the group consisting of a temperature above or below body temperature, ultraviolet light and an oxidative environment; and (b) administering the aliquot of blood treated in step (a) to the mammal, wherein the aliquot has a volume sufficient to achieve a reduction in lipid levels in the mammal.

Abstract: A process is provided for sanitizing fresh foods and beverage products using multiple stages of exposure to different wavelengths of ultraviolet, near infrared and infrared light. A food or beverage product is exposed to ultraviolet light at germicidal wavelengths in order to inactivate undesirable microorganisms on the product. The exposure to ultraviolet light causes damage to the organoleptic qualities product which are subsequently restored by photoreactivation upon exposure of the product to a source of polychromatic near infrared light. In addition, prior to the inactivation of microorganisms, the food or beverage may be exposed to a source of infrared light in order to inactivate enzymes responsible for decomposition of the product. Apparatus suitable for practicing the process of the present invention is also provided, including specific platform arrangements for sanitizing solid, liquid and fluid food and beverage products.

Abstract: A sterilization apparatus wherein one or more electron beam tubes are used to direct electron beams into an ambient gaseous environment to create an electron plasma cloud into which non-sterile target objects may be moved. The electron plasma cloud is formed by interaction of the electron beam with the ambient atmosphere. Helium or other like gaseous may be used to expand the effective volume of the electron plasma cloud. Manipulators are used to move target objects in the electron plasma cloud, exposing non-sterile surfaces to the cloud and then joining the surfaces together where appropriate. The beam tube used to generate the electron beam has a thin low energy absorbing window which allows relatively low energy beams to be used, minimizing damage to materials within the surface of the target objects.

Abstract: A reactor system for decontamination of water by photolytic oxidation utilizing near blackbody radiation, the system comprising (1) a reaction chamber defining an internal space with an inlet and an outlet; and (2) a broadband radiator for generating radiant energy with wavelengths between about 150 nm and about 3 .mu.m, the broadband radiator disposed within the reaction chamber, such that a sufficient dosage of broadband radiation irradiates the contaminants and/or the oxidant within the internal space of the reaction chamber thereby causing photolytic oxidation of the contaminants by direct action of the radiation on the contaminants to break chemical bonds by sustaining a free radical chain reaction of oxidizing components, thus breaking down the contaminants by way of atomic abstraction of the components of the contaminants. In preferred embodiments, at least a portion of the radiant energy is generated in a pulsed mode, such as between about 1 and about 500 pulses per second.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for using ultrasonic energy in conjunction with an ultraviolet water sterilization system. An ultrasonic transducer assembly is placed in or around one end of the sterilization chamber for producing the ultrasonic energy. Ultrasonic vibrations are then applied automatically on a regular and intermittent basis to clean the components within the sterilization chamber and disrupt the chemical and physical action which causes scaling due to dissolved minerals and organic materials in the water. The ultrasonic vibrations cause a preventative cleaning action by the streaming and stirring of the water. Actual cleaning action is also created by cavitation and sweeping actions. The sweeping action is accomplished by frequency modulation which, by creating varying hot and cold spots within the sterilization chamber, allows for a uniform cleaning of a quartz sleeve encasing a UV lamp within the sterilization chamber. Ultrasonic vibrations also create a germicidal action.

Abstract: A personal continuous air monitor capable of giving immediate warning of the presence of radioactivity has a filter/detector head to be worn in the breathing zone of a user, containing a filter mounted adjacent to radiation detectors, and a preamplifier. The filter/detector head is connected to a belt pack to be worn at the waist or on the back of a user. The belt pack contains a signal processor, batteries, a multichannel analyzer, a logic circuit, and an alarm. An air pump also is provided in the belt pack for pulling air through the filter/detector head by way of an air tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing air having contaminants and radon progeny therein. The apparatus includes a sampling box having an inlet for receiving the air and an outlet for discharging the air. The sampling box includes a filter made of a plate of sintered stainless steel. The filter traps the contaminants, yet allows at least a portion of the radon progeny to pass therethrough.A method of testing air having contaminants and radon progeny therein. The method includes providing a testing apparatus that has a sampling box with an inlet for receiving the air and an outlet for discharging the air, and has a sintered stainless steel filter disposed within said sampling box; drawing air from a source into the sampling box using a vacuum pump; passing the air through the filter; monitoring the contaminants trapped by the filter; and providing an alarm when a selected level of contaminants is reached. The filter traps the contaminants, yet allows at least a portion of the radon progeny to pass therethrough.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treatment of fluids, the invention being characterized in that ozone is generated in the medium, which ozone is exposed to UV radiation at the same time as it is being generated, so that the ozone is broken down and free radicals are obtained. The invention also relates to an apparatus in accordance with the method, which apparatus comprises an enclosure (1) provided with at least one inlet (2) and at least one outlet (3). The apparatus is characterized in that an oxidizing member (4) is arranged in the enclosure (1) and generates ozone and at the same time breaks down the ozone to free radicals.

Abstract: The invention provides an immersible and portable module for irradiating fluids including a multiplicity of ultraviolet radiation producing lamp and a first header for receiving and maintaining in position the multiplicity of ultraviolet radiation-producing lamps, the first header having upstream and downstream ends and opposed sides. There is also a second header for receiving and maintaining in position the multiplicity of ultraviolet radiation-producing lamps, the second header having upstream and downstream ends and opposed sides. Fluid flow diverters are positioned between the first and second headers and located adjacent the opposed sides and are adapted to divert fluids flowing adjacent the opposed sides toward at least some of the ultraviolet radiation-producing lamps.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of liquids, particularly of cycled water of fish tanks or of ponds with an irradiation unit which is intended to act upon the liquid with light, particularly UV light, and includes at least one lamp which is disposed in a dry space that is separated from the liquid to be irradiated by a transparent glass shield, has at least one cleaning element which faces the glass shield and is disposed movably on the side of the glass shield in contact with the liquid.

Abstract: A germicidal water cleansing apparatus having an ellipsoid chamber which contains UV lamps along the major axis of the ellipsoid. Each of the ends of the ellipsoid has an opening to allow the entry and exit of a liquid. The chamber is formed from an ultraviolet reflective material such as spun aluminum to allow uniform dispersion of the ultraviolet radiation throughout the chamber. The liquid is drawn through the chamber at a rate to assure a high kill rate of microorganisms present in the liquid.

Abstract: A point of use water purification system for home use is provided comprising a carbon block filter housed in a self-contained disposable pressure vessel for removing particulates and organic contaminants from water. The filter is provided with a pore-size distribution, a binder and a flow path which optimizes filtration performance and enhances microbiological kill rates obtained in a source of radiant energy which is used to kill microorganisms in the filtered water. The source of radiant energy comprises an ultraviolet discharge lamp having an elongate central axis and a diverter for providing a spiral plug flow of water about the discharge lamp. A flow regulator adjusts flow through the system for varying line pressure conditions to ensure adequate exposure of microorganisms to ultraviolet energy. A lamp control circuit conserves power and optimizes ultraviolet output.

Abstract: The apparatus is a gas filled ultraviolet generating lamp for use as a liquid purifier. The lamp is powered by high voltage AC, but has no metallic electrodes within or in contact with the gas enclosure which is constructed as two concentric quartz cylinders sealed together at their ends with the gas fill between the cylinders. Cooling liquid is pumped through the volume inside the inner quartz cylinder where an electrically conductive pipe spaced from the inner cylinder is used to supply the cooling liquid and act as the high voltage electrode. The gas enclosure is enclosed within but spaced from a metal housing which is connected to operate as the ground electrode of the circuit and through which the treated fluid flows. Thus, the electrical circuit is from the central pipe, and through the cooling liquid, the gas enclosure, the treated liquid on the outside of the outer quartz cylinder, and to the housing.

Abstract: Powders and aggregates are treated in pneumatic transfer as a thin layer moving at high velocity which electrons from a selfshielded electron beam processor of voltage less than or equal to 500 kilovolts.

Abstract: A UV disinfector with a gravity driven feed water delivery system, and an air-suspended bare UV lamp. The disinfector is hydrodynamically optimized with a laminerizing, perforated baffle wall, beveled treatment chamber, and outlet weir.

Abstract: In an apparatus for the irradiation of body fluids by ultraviolet light in a containment for receiving the body fluids which is disposed in the radiation range of an ultraviolet light source, the containment includes baffle means arranged so as to subject the body fluids circulated through the containment to turbulence whereby the body fluid in the containment is uniformly exposed to the UV radiation.

Abstract: The invention is a transportable and reconfigurable system and method designed for on-site conversion of toxic substances to nontoxic forms. The invention includes an electron beam generator, a reaction chamber and effluent post-processing modules mounted on a carrier for transporting the system from site to site.