Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to: sensing and/or authentication using luminescence imaging; diagnostic assays, systems, and related methods; temporal thermal sensing and related methods; and/or to emissive species, such as those excitable by white light, and related systems and methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an apparatus that is able to provide a sealed chamber system including a cell sorter, that allows for various oxygen tensions of choice to be maintained during cell harvest, sorting (and isolation of sub-populations of cells), analysis, etc.

Abstract: An apparatus for analysis of a sample of a material is disclosed. The apparatus includes a holder configured to accept the sample. The holder includes a sample plate having a first surface configured to contact the accepted sample and a sample lens array that comprises a plurality of focusing elements.

Abstract: A bioreactor sensing system is presented. The bioreactor sensing system comprises a bioreaction vessel. The bioreaction vessel comprises an aperture configured to provide an interface for monitoring contents within the bioreaction vessel. The bioreaction vessel also comprises a port coupled to the bioreaction vessel proximate the aperture. The bioreactor sensing system also comprises a sensing device disposed at least partially within the port such that a sensing element is exposed to the contents. The bioreactor sensing system also comprises an external seal configured to be applied over a portion of the sensing device and a portion of the port.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a cell contained base, the method being capable of providing a cell contained base highly accurately controlled in number of nucleic acid molecules contained in a low-concentration nucleic acid standard sample, the method including a liquid droplet discharging step of discharging a cell suspension in the form of a liquid droplet with a liquid droplet discharging unit onto a base including at least one cell contained region; a cell number counting step of counting a number of cells contained in the liquid droplet with a plurality of sensors from two or more directions while the liquid droplet is flying into the cell contained region; and a liquid droplet landing step of landing the liquid droplet in the at least one cell contained region in a manner that a predetermined number of cells are located in the at least one cell contained region.

Abstract: A method for analyzing microorganisms arranged in a sample is provided, the sample including a viability marker to modify an optical property of the microorganisms in different ways depending on whether they are dead or alive, the method including illumination of the sample and acquisition of an image of the latter by an image sensor, the image sensor then being exposed to an exposure light wave; determining positions of different microorganisms from the acquired image; applying a propagation operator to calculate at least one characteristic value of the exposure light wave at each radial position and at a plurality of distances from the detection plane representing a change in the characteristic value between the image sensor and the sample; and identifying living microorganisms according to each profile.

Abstract: A droplet sensor includes an optical cover that forms part of a spheroid, a major axis of the spheroid being a vertical axis, a light emitting/receiving device disposed at a position offset from a first focal point of the spheroid along the major axis, and a reflector disposed in vicinity of a second focal point of the spheroid. The optical cover has an effective detection area between the light emitting/receiving device and the reflector. The effective detection area satisfies a total internal reflection condition at an interface with a gas, and does not satisfy the total internal reflection condition at an interface with a liquid. The reflector reflects, towards a light receiving surface of the light emitting/receiving device, light totally reflected by the effective detection area, or reflects, towards the effective detection area, light directly incident on the reflector from the light emitting/receiving device.

Abstract: A system and method for high resolution multi-fluorescence imaging with synchronized image acquisition amongst sensors can be used to simultaneously capture fluorescence signals from multiple fluorophores over extremely large fields of view. The system can include an array of micro-cameras, along with a particular arrangement of fluorescent filters that can be fixed in one location or moved to new locations.

Abstract: Biophotonic device for the point-of-care, real-time, non-invasive determination of parameters with diagnostic relevance, in particular an optical system for parameter characterization of an element of body fluid or tissue comprising an optical device which comprises: a light source for emitting light onto the element; and a spectrometer for recording the spectrum of light from the element, said light from the element being of transmittance, reflectance or Raman scattering of the emitted light by said element; the optical system further comprising a data processing module configured to: convert the recorded spectrum by a conversion matrix into a standardized spectrum, wherein said conversion matrix has been obtained by calibrating the optical system spectrum response against a spectrum reference; pre-process the converted spectrum; correlate, for parameter quantification, the converted pre-processed spectrum with pre-obtained spectral bands for each parameter; said spectrum being contained within uv-vis-nir wa

Abstract: The present invention relates to the design, construction, and operation of a laser air-sampling multi-spectrometer; its operation with variable laser energy to simultaneously and/or sequentially perform spectrometric techniques of LAS, LEFS, RSS, and LIBS. The combined spectrometric operation will detect gas and particulate chemicals directly in a flowing stream of air sample and/or particulate chemicals on filter collected from the flowing stream of air sample.

Abstract: An image sensor and well structure associated with and extending away from the surface of the image sensor are provided in various apparatuses, methods, and systems for determining the position of a light emitter located in object space. An exemplary method includes (i) providing the image sensor and structure associated therewith, the structure defining a field of view for each pixel within the array of pixels; (ii) determining a light intensity value for photoactivated pixels receiving light from the light emitter; (iii) identifying a first photoactivated pixel having a local maximum of light intensity; (iv) calculating a perpendicular distance between the first photoactivated pixel and the light emitter; and (v) constructing the position of the light emitter based on a position of the first photoactivated pixel in the array of pixels and the perpendicular distance between the first photoactivated pixel and the light emitter.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sequencing a nucleic acid molecule are described that comprise imaging a first surface and an axially-displaced second surface using a compensation-free optical system, the system comprising an objective lens and at least one image sensor, wherein said optical system has a numerical aperture (NA) of less than 0.6 and a field-of-view (FOV) of greater than 1.0 mm2; and) processing the images of the first surface and the axially-displaced second surface to correct for optical aberration such that the images of the first surface and the axially-displaced second surface have substantially the same optical resolution.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for determining a property of a tissue, particularly cancer of cervical tissue. A light providing unit (7, 8, 9) provides light for illuminating the tissue (6) and a light detection unit (10) detects light from the tissue, wherein a first signal being indicative of light (11) having been influenced by an epithelium region (R1), a second signal being indicative of light (12) having been influenced by a boundary region (R2) and a third signal being indicative of light (13) having been influenced by a stroma region (R3) are generated, and wherein a tissue property is determined based on the first, second and third signals. This allows for an determination of a tissue property, which is based on a combination of optical properties measured in the three different regions, resulting in an improved determination of the tissue property, in particular in improved cancer detection.

Abstract: An objective lens switching device includes a prismatic cuvette perpendicular to a plane parallel to a direction of detection and a lighting direction, which are mutually perpendicular. The cross-section of the prism is a polygon with more than four sides with pairs of mutually perpendicular faces. At least several pairs of faces include one face designed to receive a planar light beam in the lighting direction and one face with a coupled lens or objective lens to detect fluorescent light in the direction of detection. The cuvette can rotate about an axis perpendicular to said plane, allowing a specific objective lens to be oriented in the direction of detection.

Abstract: A sample detection device includes a first polarizer configured to allow part of incident light to pass therethrough by polarizing the incident light, a stage disposed on a path of light having passed the first polarizer, the stage allowing a sample to be seated thereon, a second polarizer configured to polarize light and a detection unit configured to detect light having passed the second polarizer and to generate a detection signal. The first polarizer allows first polarized light oscillating in a first direction to proceed toward the sample when the incident light reaches the first polarizer. Emission light is emitted by an excitation of the sample when the first polarized light reaches the sample. The second polarizer allows second polarized light oscillating in a second direction to proceed toward the detection unit when the emission light reaches the second polarizer.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include methods for characterizing particles of a sample in a flow stream. Methods according to certain embodiments include detecting light from a sample having cells in a flow stream, generating an image of an object in the flow stream in an interrogation region and determining whether the object in the flow stream is an aggregate based on the generated image. Systems having a processor with memory operably coupled to the processor having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to generate an image of an object in a flow stream and to determine whether the object is an aggregate are also described. Integrated circuit devices (e.g., field programmable gate arrays) having programming for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to devices and methods for analyzing a fluid sample. An example device comprises a fluidic substrate comprising a micro-fluidic component embedded therein, for propagating a fluid sample; a needle or inlet for providing the fluid sample which is fluidically connected to the micro-fluidic component; a lid attached to the fluidic substrate thereby at least partly covering the fluidic substrate and at least partly closing the micro-fluidic component; wherein the fluidic substrate is a glass fluidic substrate and wherein the lid is a microchip. The present disclosure also relates to a method for fabricating a fluid analysis device. The method comprises providing a fluidic substrate; providing a lid; attaching the lid to the fluidic substrate to close the fluidic substrate at least partly.

Abstract: A system for the characterization of a colony of microorganisms includes a coherent light source configured to provide coherent light of one or more wavelengths along a common optical path. A holder is configured to operationally arrange a substrate so that the colony of microorganisms on a surface of the substrate is positioned to receive the coherent light. Scattered light is generated from the colony of microorganisms receiving coherent light. A first image capture device is configured to receive the scattered light and generate a scatter image from the microorganism colony irradiated by the coherent light. The system also includes a magnifying lens configured to magnify the colony of microorganisms. A second image capture device is configured to capture a light image of the colony of microorganisms magnified by the magnifying lens. Methods of assigning organisms to categories with like organisms without necessarily identifying the organisms are also described.

Abstract: A device and a system, based upon Deep Optical Scanning (DEOS), for the detection of certain cancers such as breast cancer and the determination of their response to therapy. DEOS is based upon the nonlinear optical interaction of incident laser generated light with tissue. The cancers may either be subsurface or on the surface. The system includes hardware and software components that form subsystems including: an Optical Electronic Subsystem, a Digitization Subsystem, a Parameter Computation Subsystem, an Archive, an Artificial Intelligence Subsystem, and a Presentation Subsystem. The device can be made portable and is non-invasive in its application to a patient. The system can be integrated into a hybrid architecture with other imaging techniques used for the detection of cancers.

Abstract: A portable in-vitro (PIV) diagnostic detector operable to perform a fluorescence assay on a sample in one or more detection chambers of a cartridge is provided. The PIV diagnostic detector comprises a first optical module which includes (i) an LED light source for emitting substantially monochromatic light to illuminate a detection zone associated with at least one detection chamber; (ii) an excitation filter interposed between said light source and said detection zone; (iii) a light detector operable to detect fluorescent light emitted by an excited fluorescent label associated with the sample and to measure an intensity of the fluoresced light; and (iv) an emission filter interposed between said light detector and said detection zone.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a hyperspectral/multispectral system referred to as the OxyVu-1 system. The hyperspectral imaging technology performs spectral analysis at each point in a two-dimensional scanned area producing an image displaying information derived from the analysis. For the OxyVu-1 system, the spectral analytical methods determined in superficial tissues approximate values of oxygen saturation (HT-Sat), oxyhemoglobin levels (HT-Oxy), and deoxyhemoglobin levels (HT-Deoxy). The OxyVu-1 system displays the tissue oxygenation in a two-dimensional, color-coded image. The system contains a system console, a cart, system electronics, CPU, monitor, keyboard, pointing device and printer. The hyperspectral instrument head with support arm contains broadband illuminator, camera and spectral filter for collecting hyperspectral imaging cube. The single use OxyVu Check Pads and Targets are used to perform an instrument check prior to patient measurements.

Abstract: An endoscopic video system and method using a camera with a single color image sensor, for example a CCD color image sensor, for fluorescence and color imaging and for simultaneously displaying the images acquired in these imaging modes at video rates in real time is disclosed. The tissue under investigation is illuminated continuously with fluorescence excitation light and is further illuminated periodically using visible light outside of the fluorescence excitation wavelength range. The illumination sources may be conventional lamps using filters and shutters, or may include light-emitting diodes mounted at the distal tip of the endoscope.

Abstract: Systems and methods to determine presence of an analyte using an implantable medical device are disclosed. In an embodiment, a medical system includes an implantable medical device, a light source, an optical sensor and a processor. The implantable medical device includes an indicator tag, which is responsive to an analyte. The light source is configured to emit light onto the indicator tag, where the emitted light comprises at least one wavelength of light, and where the indicator tag emanates light, in response to the emitted light, that corresponds to whether the indicator tag is exposed the analyte. The optical sensor is configured to receive at least a portion of the emanated light, which includes at least one wavelength of light. And, the processor is configured to determine whether the indicator tag is exposed to the analyte based on the received light.

Abstract: In a minimally invasive surgical system, an image capture unit includes a prism assembly and sensor assembly. The prism assembly includes a beam splitter, while the sensor assembly includes coplanar image capture sensors. Each of the coplanar image capture sensors has a common front end optical structure, e.g., the optical structure distal to the image capture unit is the same for each of the sensors. A controller enhances images acquired by the coplanar image capture sensors. The enhanced images may include (a) visible images with enhanced feature definition, in which a particular feature in the scene is emphasized to the operator of minimally invasive surgical system; (b) images having increased image apparent resolution; (c) images having increased dynamic range; (d) images displayed in a way based on a pixel color component vector having three or more color components; and (e) images having extended depth of field.

Abstract: Optical device (200) for blood analysis is in particular designed for the counting and differentiation of leucocytes in an automatic blood analysis apparatus and includes a light source (201) of the electroluminescent diode type in order to illuminate a blood sample (311) circulating in an optical tank.

Abstract: Described herein are apparatuses for analyzing an optical signal decay. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes: a source of a beam of pulsed optical energy; a sample holder configured to expose a sample to the beam; a detector comprising a number of spectral detection channels configured to convert the optical signals into respective electrical signals; and a signal processing module configured to perform a method. In some embodiments, the method includes: receiving the electrical signals from the detector; mathematically combining individual decay curves in the electrical signals into a decay supercurve, the supercurve comprising a number of components, each component having a time constant and a relative contribution to the supercurve; and numerically fitting a model to the supercurve.

Abstract: Apparatus include an illumination source configured to produce and direct a multi-wavelength illumination beam to a microfluidic target that can include nanotags, a detector configured to receive a multi-wavelength detection beam from the microfluidic target and to produce a detection signal, wherein the multi-wavelength detection beam comprises light that is elastically side-scattered by an interaction between the multi-wavelength illumination beam and the nanotags in the microfluidic target, and a processor configured to receive the detection signal and to determine the presence of the nanotags in the microfluidic target by comparing multiple wavelength side-scatter intensity characteristics of the detection signal with predetermined multi-wavelength elastic side-scatter intensity profiles of one or more nanotag types.

Abstract: An optical sensor and a method of operating the optical sensor are provided. The optical sensor includes a light source configured to emit a light, and a path adjuster configured to adjust a traveling path of the light to reflect the light at a first time, and allow the light to pass through the path adjuster at a second time. The optical sensor further includes a light receiver configured to receive a reference light among the reflected light, and receive, among the light passing through the path adjuster, a measurement light related to a target material.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) in which the MEMS mirror is bonded to the active region. This allows for a separate electrostatic cavity that is outside the laser's optical resonant cavity. Moreover, the use of this cavity configuration allows the MEMS mirror to be tuned by pulling the mirror away from the active region. This reduces the risk of snap down. Moreover, since the MEMS mirror is now bonded to the active region, much wider latitude is available in the technologies that are used to fabricate the MEMS mirror. This is preferably deployed as a swept source in an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system.

Abstract: An optical method of measuring motion employs a phase grating that produces a diffraction pattern responsive to light from an imaged scene. First and second images of the diffraction pattern are captured and compared to produce an image comparison. Apparent motion is then calculated from the image comparison.

Abstract: A particle detector that includes a housing defining a chamber, and an air stream injector, producing an airstream with entrained particles, in the chamber. A light source produces a light beam that intersects with and is wider than the air stream. A light detection assembly detects light generated by scattering of the light beam, by particles in the air stream. A digitizer produces a sequence of scattering digital values, each representing light detected per a first unit of time duration. Additionally, a summing assembly produces a sequence of summed scattering digital values, each equaling a sum of a sequential set of n of the digital values, and wherein successive summed digital values are offset by a the first unit of time duration and overlap by n?1 of the first units of time duration with a nearest neighbor. Finally, a detection assembly processes the summed scattering digital values to detect particles.

Abstract: An optical fluid measurement element includes: an emitter that generates an optical output; an absorber that measures an optical input; and a fluid flow pathway, where the optical output of the emitter passes through the fluid flow pathway and is received as the optical input to the absorber after passing through the portion of the fluid flow pathway. An automated method of measuring fluid volume using an optical fluid measurement element includes: activating an emitter; capturing data from an optical sensor; detecting a leading edge of fluid travelling along a flow pathway; starting a counter when the leading edge is detected; and calculating a volume based on a value of the counter. An automated method of measuring fluid attributes along a flow pathway. The method includes: activating an optical emitter; receiving a signal from an optical sensor; and processing the received signal to determine at least one fluid attribute.

Abstract: A method for depth mapping includes providing depth mapping resources, including a radiation source, which projects optical radiation into a volume of interest containing an object, and a sensor, which senses the optical radiation reflected from the object. The volume of interest has a depth that varies with angle relative to the radiation source and the sensor. A depth map of the object is generated using the resources while applying at least one of the resources non-uniformly over the volume of interest, responsively to the varying depth as a function of the angle.

Abstract: A system for the characterization of a colony of microorganisms includes a coherent light source configured to provide coherent light of one or more wavelengths along a common optical path. A holder is configured to operationally arrange a substrate so that the colony of microorganisms on a surface of the substrate is positioned to receive the coherent light. Scattered light is generated from the colony of microorganisms receiving coherent light. A first image capture device is configured to receive the scattered light and generate a scatter image from the microorganism colony irradiated by the coherent light. The system also includes a magnifying lens configured to magnify the colony of microorganisms. A second image capture device is configured to capture a light image of the colony of microorganisms magnified by the magnifying lens. Methods of assigning organisms to categories with like organisms without necessarily identifying the organisms are also described.

Abstract: An optoelectrode having a lens optically coupled between a light source and a light guide and a method of making an optoelectrode. In one embodiment of the optoelectrode, the lens is a gradient index (GRIN) lens and the light source is a side-emitting injection laser diode (ILD). The optoelectrodes can be implemented such that they are high density, highly compact, monolithically integrated, and can deliver multicolor light output independently and simultaneously at a common waveguide port using an optical mixer, for example. In a preferred embodiment, the optoelectrodes are used as neural probes.

Abstract: An endoscopic video system and method using a camera with a single color image sensor, for example a CCD color image sensor, for fluorescence and color imaging and for simultaneously displaying the images acquired in these imaging modes at video rates in real time is disclosed. The tissue under investigation is illuminated continuously with fluorescence excitation light and is further illuminated periodically using visible light outside of the fluorescence excitation wavelength range. The illumination sources may be conventional lamps using filters and shutters, or may include light-emitting diodes mounted at the distal tip of the endoscope.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for a label-free cell analysis based on Brillouin light scattering techniques. Combined with microfluidic technologies according to the present invention, Brillouin spectroscopy constitutes a powerful tool to analyze physical properties of cells in a contactless non-disturbing manner. Specifically, subcellular mechanical information can be obtained by analyzing the Brillouin spectrum of a cell. Furthermore, a novel configuration of Brillouin spectroscopy is provided to enable simultaneous analysis of multiple points in a cell sample.

Abstract: A particle image analyzer is disclosed that includes a transparent moving structure with a load surface and an opposite surface, where a portion of the load surface is constructed to adhere particles. A particle discharge nozzle deposits particles on the load surface and an image sensor positioned adjacent to the load surface takes images of the particles as they move past the image sensor. A light source positioned adjacent to the opposite surface illuminates the particles imaged by the image sensor. The light from the light source defines an illumination path that travels from the light source, through the opposite surface, through the load surface and to the image sensor.

Abstract: An instrument for processing and/or measuring a biological process contains a sample processing system, an excitation source, an excitation optical system, an optical sensor, and an emission optical system. The sample processing system is configured to retain a first sample holder and a second sample holder, wherein the number of sample cells is different for each sample holder or a characteristic dimension for the first sample cells is different from that of the second sample holder. The instrument also includes an excitation source temperature controller comprising a temperature sensor that is coupled to the excitation source. The temperature controller is configured to produce a first target temperature when the first sample holder is retained by the instrument and to produce a second target temperature when the second sample holder is retained by the instrument.

Abstract: Multispectral images, including ultraviolet light and its interactions with ultraviolet light-interactive compounds, can be captured, processed, and represented to a user. Ultraviolet-light related information can be conveniently provided to a user to allow the user to have awareness of UV characteristics and the user's risk to UV exposure.

Abstract: An optical system for acquiring fast spectra from spatially channel arrays includes a light source for producing a light beam that passes through the microfluidic chip or the channel to be monitored, one or more lenses or optical fibers for capturing the light from the light source after interaction with the particles or chemicals in the microfluidic channels, and one or more detectors. The detectors, which may include light amplifying elements, detect each light signal and transducer the light signal into an electronic signal. The electronic signals, each representing the intensity of an optical signal, pass from each detector to an electronic data acquisition system for analysis. The light amplifying element or elements may comprise an array of phototubes, a multianode phototube, or a multichannel plate based image intensifier coupled to an array of photodiode detectors.

Abstract: Recent remarkable progress in wave-front shaping has enabled control of light propagation inside linear media to focus and image through scattering objects. In particular, light propagation in multimode fibers comprises complex intermodal interactions and rich spatiotemporal dynamics. Control of physical phenomena in multimode fibers and its applications is in its infancy, opening opportunities to take advantage of complex mode interactions. Various embodiments of the present technology provide wave-front shaping for controlling nonlinear phenomena in multimode fibers. Using a spatial light modulator at the fiber's input and a genetic algorithm optimization, some embodiments control a highly nonlinear stimulated Raman scattering cascade and its interplay with four wave mixing via a flexible implicit control on the superposition of modes that are coupled into the fiber.

Abstract: An intelligent light adjusting system and method thereof in a crop growth process are provided. The intelligent light adjusting system includes a parameter measurement device, a parameter processing device, a light source control device and a light source assembly. The parameter measurement device is for measuring a specified parameter in the crop growth process. The parameter processing device is for acquiring a light source parameter of the light source control device, based on the specified parameter. The light source control device is for controlling lighting of the light source assembly, based on the light source parameter.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automated method and apparatus for automatically setting a drop delay period by detecting calibration particles in a waste stream. The drop delay is incremented over a series of drop delays and the number of calibration particles in the waste stream is detected for each drop delay. The drop delay is selected which has the least number of calibration particles in the waste stream.

Abstract: A system may include emitters configured to emit radiation at a first wavelength of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and a second wavelength of EM radiation towards a biological tissue, and receivers configured to receive responses to the first and second wavelengths of EM radiation after the wavelengths of EM radiation interact with the biological tissue. The system may also include a signal mixer unit configured to perform operations that include replicate and mix first signals representative of the responses to the first wavelength of EM radiation received by the receivers and second signals representative of the responses to the second wavelength of EM radiation received by the receivers to generate a set of spectro-spatial responses, replicate and mix the spectro-spatial responses to generate markers, and replicate and mix the markers and user-selected markers to output a sequence associated with characterization of the biological tissue.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for real-time optical imaging of a tissue specimen.

Abstract: Multispectral images, including ultraviolet light and its interactions with ultraviolet light-interactive compounds, can be captured, processed, and represented to a user. Ultraviolet-light related information can be conveniently provided to a user to allow the user to have awareness of UV characteristics and the user's risk to UV exposure.

Abstract: Measuring devices and methods are described for generating microscopic fluorescence and excitation light images of dispersed objects in liquid or gas, and for analyzing the images to determine the volume fractions of dispersed objects and distinguish different types of objects by comparing the images.

Abstract: An optical processing head that detects a trouble of an optical processing head that will be generated at the time of optical processing before the trouble occurs is disclosed. The optical processing head that performs processing by condensing, on a process surface, a ray emitted by a light source for processing includes a cylindrical housing that surrounds a ray for processing emitted by the light source for processing, a ray emitter for inspection that is incorporated in the cylindrical housing and arranged outside the path of the ray for processing, and a light receiver that is incorporated in the cylindrical housing, arranged outside the path of the ray for processing, and receives a ray for inspection emitted by the ray emitter for inspection. The contamination of the inner surface of the cylindrical housing or the concentration of a scattering object flowing into the cylindrical housing is inspected by using a signal acquired from the light receiver.

Abstract: Provided are a three-dimensional (3D) camera including a wavelength-variable light source for directly measuring transmittance and a method of measuring the transmittance. The 3D camera includes, as well as a light source, a transmission type shutter, and an image sensor, and a wavelength-variable light source capable of irradiating a light with a variable wavelength without being thermally affected by the light source, the image sensor, and the transmission type shutter. The wavelength-variable light source may directly measure a change in transmittance by irradiating light toward the transmission type shutter while the 3D camera operates.