Abstract: A charged particle irradiation system that positions the beam at a target position to avoid irradiation of normal tissue includes an acceleration system 6 for extracting a charged particle beam, scanning magnets 24 and 25, and charged particle beam position monitors 26 and 27. On the basis of signals received from the charged particle beam position monitors 26 and 27, the control unit 70 calculates a beam position at a target position and then controls the scanning magnets 24 and 25 so that the charged particle beam is moved to a desired irradiation position at the target position. The control unit 70 corrects the value of an excitation current applied to each of the scanning magnets 24 and 25 on a specified cycle basis on the basis of information about the position and the angle of the charged particle beam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a front plate for an ion source that is suitable for an ion implanter. The front plate according to the invention comprises obverse and reverse sides, an exit aperture for allowing egress of ions from the ion source that extends substantially straight through the front plate between the obverse and reverse sides, and a slot penetrating through the front plate from obverse side to reverse side at a slant for at least part of its depth, the slot extending from a side of the front plate to join the exit aperture. The slot is slanted to occlude line of sight into the ion source when viewed from in front, yet provides an expansion gap.

Abstract: A method of irradiating a target in a subject using charged particle therapy includes the steps of positioning a subject on a supporting device, positioning a delivery device adapted to deliver charged particles, and delivering charged particles to a target in the subject wherein the delivery device rotates around the target during delivery of at least a portion of the charged particles.

Abstract: A radiation protection shield for protecting medical personnel from radiation being applied to a patient positioned on a table. The shield includes a frame and a primary screen including a radiation-resistant material connected to said frame.

Abstract: This invention describes an electrode structure formed from a plurality of individual electrodes, the individual electrodes being provided on separate submounts, the submounts being coupled to one another using kinematic ball mounts. Such a structure may be configured as a RF ion guide, mass filter or ion trap.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a beam of electromagnetic radiation includes a plasma radiation source, and a foil trap provided with a plurality of thin foils that extend substantially parallel to the direction of radiation from the plasma source. A grid is disposed between the plasma radiation source and the foil trap. A space is located between the grid and the foil trap. The apparatus also include an electrical potential application circuit that is constructed and arranged to apply an electrical potential to the grid so that the grid repels electrons emitted by the plasma radiation source and creates a positive space charge between the grid and the foil trap to deflect ions emitted by the plasma radiation source to the foil trap.

Abstract: A neutron chopper according to the present invention includes a housing which internally forms a sealed space, the housing having window portions through which neutrons pass, a fixed shaft which is fixed inside the housing, a rotor which is rotatably supported by the fixed shaft, the rotor provided with a blocking portion which can block neutrons passing through the housing, and a motor which is provided inside the housing for rotating the rotor of the neutron chopper, where a stator of the motor is fixed to the fixed shaft, and a rotor of the motor receives a rotating force from the stator around the fixed shaft, and is fixed to the rotor of the neutron chopper. The neutron chopper is formed with small size, and neutron guides are easily disposed closely, consequently vacuum leak is hardly occurred in the neutron chopper.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-layered radiation protection wall for shielding against gamma and/or particle radiation of a reaction site of an accelerator facility, wherein the radiation protection wall comprises a sandwich-like structure with at least a first and a second layer arrangement, wherein the first layer arrangement has at least a primary shielding layer and the second layer arrangement has at least a secondary shielding layer. Thereby, at least one of the first and the second layer arrangements is sub-divided into a plurality of wall segments, whereby a selective disposal is made possible. Thus an increased cost efficiency is achieved and the environmental impact is lowered.

Abstract: A particle therapy system is provided. The particle therapy system includes at least two acceleration units, with each of which acceleration units particles can be accelerated to at least an energy necessary for the irradiation; and a common energy selection system, connected downstream of the at least two acceleration units, with which system the energy of particles that have been accelerated by one of the acceleration units can be reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is an X-ray reflecting device and an X-ray reflecting element constituting the X-ray reflecting device capable of facilitating a reduction in weight and being prepared in a relatively simple manner. The X-ray reflecting element of the present invention comprises a body made of a solid silicon, and a plurality of slits formed in the body in such a manner as to penetrate from a front surface to a back surface of the body. Each of the slits has a wall surface serving as an X-ray reflecting surface.

Abstract: There is provided a neutron shielding material which has heat resistance and has ensured neutron shielding performance even in a high-temperature environment during storage of a spent nuclear fuel for high burnup. A neutron shielding material having improved heat resistance and ensured neutron shielding performance due to the absence of an amine curing agent is provided by a neutron shielding material composition comprising a polymerization initiator, a polymerization component, a density increasing agent and a boron compound. As the polymerization component of the present invention, an epoxy component and an oxetane component are particularly preferably used.

Abstract: The invention relates to the handling of radioactive material. For instance, a radiation shield of the invention may include a body having a cavity therein for receiving radioactive material. An opening to the cavity may be defined in the body. A base may be releasably attachable to the body (generally toward the opening) to at least partially enclose the radioactive material in the cavity. In the case that the radiation shield includes a plurality of interchangeable bases, one of the bases may have at least one of a shorter length and a lighter weight than another of the bases. The base(s) may be designed to enclose more than one size and/or shape of container in the cavity. The base(s) may include a hand grip to facilitate manual gripping of the radiation shield. The base(s) may include a guard to reduce exposure to radiation from manual handling of the radiation shield.

Abstract: Realtime beam shape adjustment in response to (for example) online CT scanning of a patient during treatment is assisted by the radiotherapy apparatus comprising a source adapted to emit a beam of therapeutic radiation, a collimator for delimiting the radiation beam, the collimator comprising a plurality of leaves arranged alongside each other and be moveable longitudinally so that the tips of the leaves define a variable edge of the collimator, the leaves being mounted on a support that is moveable laterally with respect to the leaves. In this way, movements of the tumour that are perpendicular to the direction of leaf motion can be accommodated by simply moving the collimator bodily so as to accommodate this. It is preferred that the apparatus also includes a control means adapted to receive information as to the location of the target volume, and, on the basis of that information, control the longitudinal positions of the leaves and the lateral position of the support.

Abstract: A radiation detecting apparatus includes a collimator and a detector, the collimator having a material for blocking radiation and a region that is a sector of an annulus or multiple regions in a configuration in the shape of a sector of an annulus for allowing transmission of the radiation. The detector is spaced a distance from the collimator such that when a radiation source and sample crystal material are positioned at suitable positions, the radiation is collimated by the collimator and contacts the sample a predetermined distance from the detector at multiple of locations corresponding to the region or regions of the collimator. The Bragg diffracted radiation from the crystal material at two or more and preferably all of the locations overlap at the detector.

Abstract: The pre-aligned nozzle/skimmer module includes an internal pre-aligned nozzle assembly and internal pre-aligned skimmer cartridge assembly to more accurately control the formation of the Gas Cluster Ion Beam (GCIB). The nozzle/skimmer module can be pre-aligned to more accurately position the GCIB. The pre-aligned nozzle/skimmer module more accurately controls the formation of the gas clusters of a pre-aligned Gas Cluster Ion Beam (GCIB).

Abstract: A window for a radiation detection system includes a plurality of intersecting ribs oriented non-perpendicularly with respect to each other. The plurality of intersecting ribs defines non-rectangular openings therebetween. A support frame is disposed around a perimeter of the plurality of intersecting ribs. A film is disposed over and spans the openings to pass radiation therethrough. The film and the plurality of intersecting ribs are integrally formed from a same material including a polymer.

Abstract: A neutron shield material that exhibits high heat resistance and ensures neutron shielding capacity. A composition for neutron shield material excelling in heat resistance and ensuring neutron shielding capacity is provided by comprising a hydrogenated bisphenol type epoxy of the formula: (1) (wherein each of R1 to R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of CH3, H, F, Cl and Br, and n=0 to 2), a hardening agent component having at least one cyclic structure and two or more amino groups, a density increasing agent and a boron compound.

Abstract: A sample holder apparatus and method for reducing the energy of charged particles entering an annular-acceptance analyzer includes use of an electrically isolated sample support member having a sample receiving surface configured to receive a sample and electrically connect the sample to the sample support member (e.g., wherein the sample support member is configured for application of a retarding bias potential). A grounded sample aperture member defining an aperture relative to the sample support member but electrically isolated therefrom is provided such that the aperture is proximate the sample receiving surface to expose at least a portion of a surface of a sample received thereon to be analyzed (e.g., wherein applying a retarding bias potential to the sample support member produces an electrical retarding field about the aperture that reduces the energy of emitted particles from a sample before they enter an annular-acceptance analyzer).

Abstract: A tiered communications architecture for managing network traffic in a distributed system. Communication between client or control computers and a plurality of hardware devices is administered by agent and monitor devices whose activities are coordinated to reduce the number of open channels or sockets. The communications architecture also improves the transparency and scalability of the distributed system by reducing network mapping dependence. The architecture is desirably implemented in a proton beam therapy system to provide flexible security policies which improve patent safety and facilitate system maintenance and development.

Abstract: A transmission electron microscope has a target body position on the electron optical axis of the microscope, and an electrically conductive body off the axis of the microscope. The microscope also has an electron source for producing an axial electron beam. In use, the beam impinges upon a target body located at the target body position. The microscope further has a system for simultaneously producing a separate off-axis electron beam. In use, the off-axis electron beam impinges on the electrically conductive body causing secondary electrons to be emitted therefrom. The electrically conductive body is located such that the emitted secondary electrons impinge on the target body to neutralise positive charge which may build up on the target body.

Abstract: An optical processing method includes the steps of: moving an irradiation region of light in a direction orthogonal to a width direction of a mask having openings aligned in the width direction while irradiating the light to a processing object via the mask; and when irradiating light across one width of the mask and moving the irradiation region in a latter stage after irradiation of light across one width of the mask and movement of the irradiation region in a former stage end, superimposing a part of a light irradiation portion by the irradiation of light across one width of the mask and the movement in the former stage and a part of a light irradiation portion by the irradiation of light across one width of the mask and the movement in the latter stage to make an irradiation amount equal in each irradiation line corresponding to the respective openings.

Abstract: A design process for varying hole locations or sizes or both in an ion beam grid includes identifying a control grid to be modified; obtaining a change factor for the grid pattern; and using the change factor to generate a new grid pattern. The change factor is one or both of a hole location change factor or a hole diameter change factor. Also included is an ion beam grid having the characteristic of hole locations or sizes or both defined by a change factor modification of control grid hole locations or sizes or both.

Abstract: An illumination chamber for illuminating an object with substantially uniform illumination and providing an image of the object, the illumination chamber includes a generally 6-faced polyhedron opaque housing, which encloses a light mixing chamber. The housing includes an object transparent glass sheet, an image transparent glass sheet and at least one light source disposed inside the housing. The object transparent glass sheet is disposed at a first of the two larger faces of the 6-faced polyhedron and image transparent glass sheet is disposed at the second large face of the 6-faced polyhedron, opposing the object glass sheet. The object to be images, typically a document, is disposed immediately adjacent to the external surface of the object transparent glass sheet. The image of the objects exits the housing through the image transparent glass sheet.

Abstract: This invention provides a small form factor apparatus for selectively producing one or more of a plurality of wavelength distributions of radiation, comprising a UV Light Emitting Diode (LED) as the primary UV LED radiation source and one or more wavelength transforming (WT) materials separated from the primary UV LED radiation source, that in response to irradiation by the primary UV LED radiation source, produce transformed radiation having a wavelength distribution that is different from the wavelength distribution of the primary UV LED radiation source. None, one, or more than one of the various WT materials may be selected by the user, to allow either the primary UV radiation, or the transformed radiation, or both simultaneously, to be to be emitted from the apparatus in a preferred direction.

Abstract: Transport and storage of nuclear fuel assemblies may require double confinement depending on the circumstances. A device and a method are described to perform this double conditioning without the need of a hot containment, and in which the loading and pre-positioning steps can take place in a pool. The device (10) includes a metallic inner leak tight conditioning receptacle (20) and a metallic outer leak tight receptacle (30). When the inner receptacle (20) is located in the outer receptacle (30), a passage (15, 25) remains free between the two receptacles, from the open end to the bottom of the outer receptacle. The outer receptacle (30) can be drained through this passage, particularly by a dip tube (33).

Abstract: A particle beam therapy system using a spot scanning method includes a synchrotron, a beam transport system, an irradiation system, and a controller. A controller is configured to turn on a radio frequency electromagnetic field to be applied to an extraction system when a charged particle beam is to be supplied to the irradiation system, and turn off the radio frequency electromagnetic field to be applied to the extraction system when the supply of the charged particle beam to the irradiation system is to be blocked by means of an electromagnet provided in the beam transport system or in the synchrotron. The controller is also adapted to turn off a radio frequency acceleration voltage to be applied to an acceleration cavity in synchronization with the turning-off of the radio frequency electromagnetic field to be applied to the extraction device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-nozzle and skimmer assembly for introducing a process gas mixture, or multiple process gases mixtures, in a gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) system, and associated methods of operation to grow, modify, deposit, or dope a layer upon a substrate. The multiple nozzle and skimmer assembly includes at least two nozzles arranged in mutual close proximity to at least partially coalesce the gas cluster beams emitted therefrom into a single gas cluster beam and/or angled to converge each beam toward a single intersecting point to form a set of intersecting gas cluster beams, and to direct the single and/or intersecting gas cluster beam into a gas skimmer.

Abstract: A particle therapy system is provided. The particle therapy system includes an imaging unit and a rotatable gantry with an irradiation unit. The irradiation unit projects into an irradiation room delimited by a wall. The imaging unit is arranged on a C-arm. The C-arm is operable to be moved between a retracted parking position and an extended diagnostic position for imaging purposes.

Abstract: A radiation attenuation system for attenuating radiation during lateral radiographic imaging of an object is provided. The system includes a first radiation attenuating barrier that is substantially conformable to the object and configured to at least partially cover the object. The first radiation attenuating barrier has a fenestration area defining at least one opening. The system further includes a second radiation attenuating barrier coupled to the first radiation attenuation barrier. The second radiation attenuating barrier is selectively movable between a collapsed position and a generally upright position relative to the first radiation attenuating member.

Abstract: An ion radiation therapy machine provides a steerable beam for treating a tumor within the patient where the exposure spot of the beam is controlled in width and/or length to effect a flexible trade-off between treatment speed, accuracy, and uniformity.

Abstract: The present invention therefore provides a method of treating the surface of an item for a radiotherapy apparatus, comprising the steps of machining into a planar reflective surface of the item a stepped profile, each step having a first surface angled to the planar reflective surface such that, in use, the first surface reflects light incident on the planar reflective surface away from the isocenter of the radiotherapy apparatus and a second surface angled with respect to the planar reflective surface and the first surface such that, in use, the second surface is shadowed from light incident on the planar reflective surface by the first surface, the steps having a depth which does not exceed 2.15% of the total depth of the item.

Abstract: An ion beam angle calibration and emittance measurement system, comprising a plate comprising an elongated slit therein, wherein the elongated slit positioned at a rotation center of the plate and configured to allow a first beam portion to pass therethrough. A beam current detector located downstream of the plate, wherein the beam current detector comprises a slit therein configured to permit a second beam portion of the first beam portion to pass therethrough, wherein the beam current detector is configured to measure a first beam current associated with the first beam portion. A beam angle detector is located downstream of the beam current detector and configured to detect a second beam current associated with the second beam portion. The plate, the current beam detector and the beam angle detector are configured to collectively rotate about the rotation center of the plate.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to lowering the widening of a radiation beam, for example, using a chamber arranged between a beam output and an object to be irradiated. The chamber is filled with a gas or a gas mixture, the average atomic number of which is smaller than that of air, and the volume expansion of which is changeable. The advantage here is that a widening of a radiation beam caused by multiple scattering is reduced.

Abstract: A particle beam impurity removing device for removing impurities from a particle beam emitted in a beam direction is provided, including an emission angle confinement means adapted to confine emission angles of particles included in the particle beam.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present method may comprise: heating up at least one structural element beyond a change state temperature thereof; changing the configuration of the structural element from an extended configuration to a reduced size configuration; cooling the structural element to below the change state temperature thereof; covering the structural element with a thermal protection device; removing the thermal protection device to expose the structural element to heat radiation; and heating, via the heat radiation, at least a portion of the structural element to thereby cause the structural element to change from the reduced size configuration to the extended configuration. In one embodiment each of the structural elements is formed from a thin elastic memory composite material.

Abstract: A shielding system which can be applied to a radiation therapy system and/or diagnostic system includes a scatter shield configured to absorb scattered radiation from a patient, a source shield to absorb unwanted radiation from the radiation source, and an anti-reflective beam dump configured to absorb radiation that is transmitted through a patient. The radiation therapy and/or diagnostic system includes a radiation source positioned in the source shield, and a patient support positioned in the scatter shield.

Abstract: An identification system for a light radiation source (103) having a control circuit (107) for communicating with an identification circuit (108) associated with the light radiation source, wherein the identification circuit is arranged for storing data relating to the light radiation source. During operation, the control circuit communicates with the identification circuit via a signal path comprising at least a portion of a first electric wire (112) provided for energizing the light radiation source such that it is used as a first transmitting antenna for communicating with the identification circuit. The operation of the light radiation source is controlled in dependence on the data retrieved from the identification circuit. Depending on the result of the identification, operation of the light radiation source can be authorized or prevented, thus blocking the use of an incorrect radiation source for a given application.

Abstract: An environmentally hardened architecture comprises a hybrid processor, a high speed bus having environmentally-sensitive interfaces, an environmentally hardened bus having environmentally-hardened interfaces, and an environmentally-hardened processor communicatively coupled to an environmentally-sensitive interface of the high speed bus and communicatively coupled to an environmentally-hardened interface of the environmentally hardened bus. The hybrid processor includes an environmentally-hardened processing section and an environmentally-sensitive processing section. At least one environmentally-sensitive interface is configured to pass data to and from the environmentally-sensitive processing section and another environmentally-sensitive interface is configured to pass data to and from the environmentally-hardened processing section of the hybrid processor. An environmentally-hardened interface is configured to pass data to and from the environmentally-hardened processing section of the hybrid processor.

Abstract: A cover for a syringe includes an elongated flexible envelope and an absorbent material. The elongated flexible envelope includes a body portion and a needle-receiving portion. The body portion has a first end that defines an opening and an opposite second end. The needle-receiving portion extends from the second end of the body portion and terminates in a distal end. The body portion and the needle-receiving portion define a cavity of sufficient size to allow the syringe to be placed therein. The cavity is in communication with the opening. The envelope is made of a material that is impervious to liquid. The absorbent material is disposed in the distal end of the needle-receiving portion.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a dynamic pattern generator for reflection electron beam lithography which includes conductive pixel pads, an insulative border surrounding each conductive pixel pad so as to electrically isolate the conductive pixel pads from each other, and conductive elements coupled to the conductive pixel pads for controllably applying voltages to the conductive pixel pads. The conductive pixel pads are advantageously cup shaped with a bottom portion, a sidewall portion, and an open cavity. Another embodiment relates to a pattern generating apparatus which includes a well structure with sidewalls and a cavity configured above each conductive pixel pad. The sidewalls may include alternating layers of conductive and insulative materials. Other embodiments, aspects and feature are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and methods that protect against exposure to remote sources of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). As such, the devices provide protection against a plurality of electrical equipment used in ordinary households and employment settings. The device includes a housing, a solenoid operably connected to a driver and a polymer. The solenoid generates incident radiation which results in the polymer emitting electromagnetic oscillations at frequencies that counter adverse effects associated with the subject's exposure to the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a device for generating flows of gas for filtering the radiation emitted in plasma-based radiation sources. It is the object of the invention to find a novel possibility for generating a gas curtain in the immediate vicinity of a radiating plasma so as to permit a simple arrangement and design and a long life of the device for generating the gas curtain under extreme thermal stress. According to the invention, this object is met in that a slit nozzle is formed of a plurality of partial bodies comprising different materials to form a supersonic nozzle profile for the generation of a broad gas curtain in order to accommodate the slit nozzle to different thermal and precision-mechanical requirements in the gas inlet region and in the gas outlet region.

Abstract: A zoned radiation device for converging radiation of a wavelength ? to a focus at distance b, the device comprising a first set of zones and a second set of zones, wherein the first set of zones have a different characteristic to the second set and wherein the area of the zones decrease as their distance from a predetermined point increases, and one or more zone distances at which a zone of the first set with a first characteristic switches to a second zone with a second characteristic are configured such that the device can focus the radiation with wavelength ? at a distance b with an autocorrelation/point spread function that is sharper than the autocorrelation/point spread function produced by zones configured to a Fresnel zone construction.

Abstract: A multi-energy imaging system and method for selectively generating high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-ray beams are described. A pair of optic devices are used, one optic device being formed to emit high X-ray energies and the other optic device being formed to emit low X-ray energies. A selective filtering mechanism is used to filter the high X-ray energies from the low X-ray energies. The optic devices have at least a first solid phase layer having a first index of refraction with a first photon transmission property and a second solid phase layer having a second index of refraction with a second photon transmission property. The first and second layers are conformal to each other.

Abstract: A long-term storage container (1) for storage of radioactive material to inhibit radioactive radiation therefrom to the outside of the container, the top of said container to be closed by a screw-on radioactive radiation inhibiting lid (7), said container having an integral inner container part (2; 34; 62; 62?) of a first material, e.g. plastic material, an integral outer container part (3; 43; 69) of a second material, e.g. plastic material, and radioactive radiation inhibiting material (4; 38; 68) in an inter-space between the walls and bottoms of said inner and outer container parts. To fill the inter-space an inter-space container part (4; 38; 68) is integrally moulded through injection or pressure moulding and then fitted onto the inner container part (2; 34; 62; 62?) to subsequently mould the outer container part (3; 43; 69) onto the outside of the inter-space container part (4; 38; 68). A specially made container lid (7) is provided.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of conditioning radiation upstream from a reticle including: pixelating the radiation, the pixelating involving partitioning into pixels; modulating a first set of the pixels to configure for openings; modulating a second set of the pixels to outline for specific features of the openings; modulating a third set of the pixels to correct for local non-uniformities; modulating a fourth set of the pixels to compensate for global non-uniformities; and modulating a fifth set of the pixels to establish for gray scale.

Abstract: A high strength window for a radiation detection system includes a plurality of intersecting ribs defining a grid having openings therein with tops of the ribs terminate substantially in a common plane. The intersecting ribs are oriented non-perpendicularly with respect to each other and define non-rectangular openings. The window also includes a support frame around a perimeter of the plurality of intersecting ribs, and a film disposed over and spanning the plurality of intersecting ribs and openings. The film is configured to pass radiation therethrough. An associated radiation detection system includes a sensor disposed behind the window. The sensor is configured to detect radiation passing through the high strength window.

Abstract: Provided are an ion beam control apparatus and a control method for controlling an ion beam energy expansion level and an ion beam size in a radial direction. An ion beam control apparatus Sa is provided with an ion beam generating unit 2, and an ion beam control unit 1a in which a generated ion beam (IB) is input and controlled to be output with the prescribed level of energy expansion and the prescribed diameter in the radial direction. In the ion beam control unit 1a, phase rotation by a radio frequency electric field that increases existing probability with the prescribed level of energy is at least used.

Abstract: A beam blanking unit (1) comprises first and second blanking plates (2, 3) mounted to a support plate (15). A stopper (4) is mechanically and electrically connected to the first blanking plate (2).

Abstract: A radiation attenuation corridor couples a radiation therapy room and a control room. The radiation attenuation corridor is made of a material that substantially absorbs ionizing radiation and substantially blocks the transmission of the ionizing radiation. Specific wall portions at the entrance of the corridor are covered with borated polyethylene (BPE). Specific wall portions diverge from an axis defined by the corridor by from about 10 degrees to about 45 degrees. The corridor thus leads out of the room and angles laterally across the wall of the therapy room, before angling again and opening to a safe room. The added angles in the radiation corridor increase the distance of radiation travel, and make the path more indirect, thereby increasing the contact of the radiation emissions with the radiation shielding and further attenuating the radiation.