Abstract: A device for producing a subwavelength hologram. The device comprises a metasurface layer attached to a substrate. The metasurface layer includes an array of plasmonic antennas that simultaneously encode both wavelength and phase information of light directed through the array to produce a hologram. The wavelength is determined by the size of the antennas, and the phase is determined by the orientation of the antennas.

Abstract: A magnet device that includes upper and lower disk-shaped return yokes, a pair of upper magnetic pole and lower magnetic pole respectively fixed to a disk-shaped surface of the upper return yoke and a disk-shaped surface of the lower return yoke, in which a space to circulate and accelerate an ion beam is formed between the upper magnetic pole and the lower magnetic pole. The upper magnetic pole and the lower magnetic pole have a plurality of concave and convex parts along a track along which the ion beam circulates, are plane-symmetrical with respect to a horizontal symmetry plane formed by the track along which an ion beam circulates, and are plane-symmetrical to one of the vertical planes vertical to the horizontal symmetry plane. Also, the magnetic pole intervals between the concave parts of the upper magnetic pole and the lower magnetic pole are different from each other.

Abstract: A method for quantifying radiation beam conformity includes: obtaining first information regarding a prescribed aperture; obtaining second information regarding an actual aperture defined by components of a collimator; and determining, using a processing unit, a metric based on the first information regarding the prescribed aperture and the second information regarding the actual aperture, wherein the metric indicates an amount of over-exposed aperture area, an amount of under-exposed aperture area, or both, and wherein the processing unit comprises one or more input for receiving the first and second information, and comprises a metric determination module configured to determine the metric based on the first information and the second information.

Abstract: A multi level multileaf collimator employs leaves with leaf tips having a non-square shape in a beam's eye view to improve beam shaping effect and penumbra performance. The multi level multileaf collimator includes a first multileaf collimator in a first level comprising beam blocking leaves longitudinally movable in a first direction, and a second multileaf collimator in a second level comprising beam blocking leaves longitudinally movable in a second direction. The first direction may be generally parallel with the second direction and the leaves of the first multileaf collimator may laterally offset the leaves of the second multileaf collimator. The beam blocking leaves of the first multileaf collimator may comprise an end portion having a non-square shape in a beam's eye view.

Abstract: A shutter for controlling radiation exposure includes a rotatable member. The rotatable member is rotatable between an open position and a closed position. The rotatable member includes a passageway, wherein the passageway is positioned to receive radiation in the open position and is not positioned to receive radiation in the closed position. In the closed position, the rotatable member may substantially block or absorb the radiation. The passageway may collimate the radiation into a beam of radiation. The rotatable member may include a plurality of passageways positioned to receive radiation in the open position. The rotatable member may be rotatable between a plurality of open positions, each open position corresponding to at least one passageway. The open positions may align the source of radiation with different passageways in the rotatable member to form a different beam shape, a different number of beams, a different beam direction, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Invasive cardiology and radiology are widespread procedures that involve the use of X-ray radiations for imaging. During these procedures, the operators are exposed to a variable dose of radiation. It is shown that these professionals are among the most exposed to ionizing radiations. New studies have shown that brain cancers can be linked to these exposures. As these exposures are harmful to health, maximum protection is required to protect the patient and the staff. The current invention provides an improved protective shield to fully protect the staff in cardiologic, angiologic, and radiologic procedures. The present invention relates to a modified surgical drape that include a layer that absorbs the X-rays scattered from the patient's body during invasive angiology procedures.

Abstract: An example particle therapy system may include: a synchrocyclotron to produce a particle beam; a scanner to move the particle beam in one or more dimensions relative to an irradiation target; and an energy degrader that is between the scanner and the irradiation target. The energy degrader may include multiple plates that are movable relative to a path of the particle beam, with the multiple plates each being controllable to move while in the path of the particle beam and during movement of the particle beam. An aperture may be between the energy degrader and the irradiation target. The aperture being may be to trim the particle beam prior to the particle beam reaching the irradiation target.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an X-ray collimator capable of adjusting a field of view during X-ray imaging and an X-ray imaging apparatus using the same, the apparatus including an X-ray light source configured to emit X-rays, an X-ray detector configured to detect the X-rays, and a collimator configured to provide an opening to determine an FOV of the X-rays between the X-ray light source and the X-ray detector, wherein the opening is configured such that at least one of a first edge at an entrance side facing the X-ray light source, and a second edge at an exit side facing the X-ray detector is formed in a curved shape.

Abstract: This substitution site measuring equipment using an electron beam analyzes, with high precision, the structure of a substitution site in a micrometer- to nanometer-order region, by reducing or vanishing the X-ray intensity of diffraction X-rays generated in a specimen. The substitution site measuring equipment measures a substitution site in a crystal by detecting, by means of an X-ray detector, X-rays generated from a specimen upon irradiation of the specimen with an electron beam.

Abstract: In some examples, a system comprises a nuclear event detector (NED) to issue a nuclear event status signal, a primary power supply to issue a power status signal, a backup power supply, a non-volatile storage, and a processor coupled to the non-volatile storage and the NED and switchably coupled to the primary and backup power supplies. The processor is to store a state of the processor to the non-volatile storage based on the nuclear event status signal, and the processor is to selectively receive power from either the primary power supply or the backup power supply based on the nuclear event status signal and the power status signal.

Abstract: This invention effectively prevents charge-up of an unsintered region. A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a linear funnel for recoating the material of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object onto a shaping surface on which the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object is to be shaped. The three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus also includes an electron gun for generating an electron beam. The three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus further includes a charge shield for shielding the material recoated on the shaping surface when irradiating the material with the electron beam. In addition, the apparatus includes a vertical driving mechanism for vertically moving the charge shield.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose a radiotherapy apparatus comprising a source of radiation configured to emit a beam of radiation and a collimator structure configured to limit a lateral extent of the beam, the collimator structure including a primary collimator configured to shape the beam, a first collimator comprising a plurality of adjacent elongate leaves, the leaves being extendable into the beam in a first direction transverse to the beam, and a block collimator including an aperture configured to permit the beam to pass through, the block collimator being extendable into the beam in a second direction transverse to the beam and transverse to the first direction. In some embodiments, the aperture may be cone-shaped or a through-hole, which may be empty or filled with a radiotransparent material. In some embodiments, the block collimator may include a plurality of apertures, which may be of varying dimensions.

Abstract: This invention effectively suppresses the generation of scattered electrons such as secondary electrons and backscattered electrons. A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a linear funnel that recoats a material of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object onto a shaping surface on which the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object is to be shaped. The three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus also includes an electron gun that generates an electron beam. The three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus further includes an anti-deposition cover made of a metal and formed between the shaping surface and the electron gun. In addition, the three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a DC power supply that applies a positive voltage to the anti-deposition cover.

Abstract: A radiation shield assembly includes a shield configured to block radiation and a rail assembly configured to position the shield in between the radiation table and a radiation source. The shield is movable between a retracted position and an extended position along a length of the rail assembly. In the extended position, the shield extends along a portion of a radiation table and blocks radiation from the radiation source to the portion of the radiation table. In the retracted position, the shield exposes at least some of the portion of the radiation table to the radiation.

Abstract: A method comprising the steps of propagating an infrared laser pulse in air, self-focusing the laser pulse until the laser reaches a critical power density, wherein molecules in the air ionize and simultaneously absorb a plurality of infrared photons resulting in a clamping effect on the intensity of the pulse, wherein the laser pulse defocuses and plasma is created, causing a dynamical competition between the self-focusing of the laser pulse and the defocusing effect due to the created plasma, the laser pulse maintaining a small beam diameter and high peak intensity over large distances, creating a plasma column, repeating the above steps to create a plurality of plasma columns, creating a parallel linear array with the plurality of plasma columns, and using the array to deflect an incident energy.

Abstract: In a method of constructing a head shield for a radiation machine, the angular distribution of radiation propagating from a source and the angular function of thickness of a material in attenuating the radiation to a certain level of its original value are determined. Based on the angular distribution of radiation from the source and the angular function of thickness of the material, the thicknesses of the material at a plurality of angular locations around the source and distances from the source can be calculated for attenuating the radiation to or less than a predetermined threshold value. A shield around the source is constructed based on the calculated thicknesses of the material through iterative steps to ensure a cost-saving, weight-efficient, optimal solution.

Abstract: Metasurfaces comprise an array of meta-atoms in a stretchable polymer. The dimensions and shapes of the meta-atoms and the spacing are varied to obtain desired optical properties. Any optical wavefront, for different wavelengths, illumination angles, and polarization states can be designed with proper design of the meta-atoms. As the metasurface is stretched, the distance between the meta-atoms changes, modifying the optical response, while the dimensions of the meta-atoms remains constant.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include an energy directing device having one or more energy relay elements configured to direct energy from one or more energy locations through the device. In an embodiment, surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements may form a singular seamless energy surface where a separation between adjacent energy relay element surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour. In disclosed embodiments, energy is produced at energy locations having an active energy surface and a mechanical envelope. In an embodiment, the energy directing device is configured to relay energy from the energy locations through the singular seamless energy surface while minimizing separation between energy locations due to their mechanical envelope. In embodiments, the energy relay elements may comprise energy relays utilizing transverse Anderson localization phenomena.

Abstract: An X-ray apparatus includes an X-ray source configured to radiate X-rays, a collimator configured to adjust a radiation field of the X-rays and rotate on an optical axis direction of the X-rays, a ring-shaped first rotation transfer unit centered on an optical axis of the X-rays in the X-ray source, a second rotation transfer unit interlocked with the ring-shaped first rotation transfer unit and configured to rotate as the collimator rotates, a rotation sensor configured to sense an amount of rotation of the second rotation transfer unit, and a detector comprising a receiving surface on which the X-rays radiated from the collimator are incident.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention is a focusing magnet including a coil pair arranged on both sides of a path of a charged particle beam. The coil pair generates an effective magnetic field region in which a magnetic field is oriented in a direction (z-axis) perpendicular to a traveling direction (x-axis) of a charged particle beam.

Abstract: A system of shields designed to provide substantially greater protection, head to toe, against radiation exposure to health care workers in a hospital room during procedures which require real-time imaging. The shields are placed around the patient and the x-ray table and provide protection even when the x-ray tube is moved to various angles around the patient.

Abstract: A method for irradiation based on a fluence map includes determining a shield type of each of a plurality of rows of a fluence map. The method also includes determining, for each of the plurality of rows, a movement curve indicating a relationship between an irradiation dose in the each of the plurality of rows and a moving position of a leaf pair corresponding to the each of the plurality of rows. The method further includes determining an initial irradiation dose for each of the movement curves and synchronizing one of the movement curves based on the shield types of the plurality of rows. The method also includes selecting at least one irradiation dose of at least one point on an irradiation dose axis and generating a control point according to the selected irradiation dose.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention is a focusing magnet including a coil pair arranged on both sides of a path of a charged particle beam. The coil pair generates an effective magnetic field region in which a magnetic field is oriented in a direction (z-axis) perpendicular to a traveling direction (x-axis) of a charged particle beam.

Abstract: An insulator for a processing apparatus including an upper electrode, a lower electrode and a reaction chamber, the insulator being adapted to be arranged around the upper electrode and the insulator including: a bottom end adapted to face the reaction chamber; and a side wall facing a side wall of the upper electrode, wherein an edge portion of the bottom end of the insulator extends radially inwardly to form a projecting portion such that the projecting portion covers an edge of a bottom surface of the upper electrode and a clearance between the side wall of the upper electrode and the side wall of the insulator.

Abstract: A structure for preventing a scan by a beam is provided. The structure includes a primary material forming the structure. The primary material includes a first mass attenuation coefficient enabling the primary material to be penetrated by the beam. The structure also includes a matrix of dense particles within the primary material. The dense particles include secondary materials different than the primary material. The secondary materials comprise a subsequent mass attenuation coefficient that is greater than the first mass attenuation coefficient of the primary material. The subsequent mass attenuation coefficient enables the dense particles to attenuate the beam to distort the scan.

Abstract: A rechargeable cell of an implantable medical device is recharged by an external charging unit that includes a transmitting coil configured to emit an electromagnetic field and a near-field focusing plate having a subwavelength structure pattern that focuses the emitted electromagnetic field to a focal pattern. The implantable medical device includes a housing having a window of an electromagnetically transparent material and a receiving coil enclosed by the housing. The receiving coil extends adjacent to and is aligned with the window. The rechargeable cell is enclosed by the housing and is configured to be charged by current induced in the receiving coil when the receiving coil is exposed to the focal pattern. In some examples, the near-field focusing plate is configured to produce the focal pattern to have a size that is less than an outer dimension of the window and a focal length from the near-field focusing plate that at least reaches the window.

Abstract: A radiography apparatus includes: a first radiation detector that includes plural pixels accumulating charge corresponding to emitted radiation; a second radiation detector that is stacked on a side of the first radiation detector opposite to a side on which the radiation is incident and includes plural pixels accumulating charge corresponding to the emitted radiation; a first control unit that performs control for reading the charge accumulated in the pixels of the first radiation detector while the charge is accumulated in the pixels of the first radiation detector and the second radiation detector; and a second control unit that starts control for reading the charge accumulated in the pixels of the second radiation detector while the charge is accumulated in the pixels of the first radiation detector and the second radiation detector at a time different from a time when the first control unit starts the control.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a radiation method for radiating a fluence map having a zero-fluence region under a movement of MLC (Multi-Leaf Collimator) includes a determining step of determining at least one basic fluence map from the fluence map. The basic fluence map includes a first non-zero fluence region and a second non-fluence region having the zero-fluence region therebetween. The radiation method includes a first radiating step including radiating the first non-zero fluence region, along with moving a first group of leaf pairs and moving a vertical jaw to shade the first group of leaf pairs, and a second radiating step including radiating the second non-zero fluence region, along with moving a second group of leaf pairs and withdrawing the vertical jaw to expose the second group of leaf pairs.

Abstract: A motion monitoring system for healthcare surveillance with visual and audio alerts is provided to monitor patients and actively mitigate the damages due to patient movement. The system documents each event involving patient movement and the surrounding area in various medical setting. The system also has the ability for a specific monitoring of a single location and upon a motion detected, the system outputs an alert signal to trigger external devices, including but not limited to lights and sirens, to notify the healthcare device operator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shielding system for customized shielding of a patient or an operator from X-rays generated across a patient-supporting table. The shielding system includes a foundational block which is mounted via a clamping mechanism on the patient-supporting table. The shielding system has a rail with proximal and distal sections. The proximal section of the rail is twistable within an aperture of the foundational block and is arcuately movable in relation to patient-supporting table. One or more protective curtains are suspended from the rail.

Abstract: A system and method for performing location specific processing of a workpiece is described. The method includes placing a microelectronic workpiece in a beam processing system, selecting a beam scan size for a beam scan pattern that is smaller than a dimension of the microelectronic workpiece, generating a processing beam, and processing a target region of the microelectronic workpiece by irradiating the processing beam along the beam scan pattern onto the target region within the beam scan size selected for processing the microelectronic workpiece.

Abstract: A new optical arrangement that creates high efficiency, high quality Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Holography (FINCH) holograms using transmission liquid crystal GRIN (TLCGRIN) diffractive lenses has been invented. This is in contrast to the universal practice in the field of using a reflective spatial light modulator (SLM) to separate sample and reference beams. Polarization sensitive TLCGRIN lenses enable a straight optical path, have 95% transmission efficiency, are analog devices without pixels and are free of many limitations of reflective SLM devices. An additional advantage is that they create an incoherent holographic system that is achromatic over a wide bandwidth. Two spherical beams created by the combination of a glass and a polarization sensitive TLCGRIN lenses interfere and a hologram is recorded by a digital camera. FINCH configurations which increase signal to noise ratios and imaging speed are also described.

Abstract: Linear ribs are formed radially with a center at a through-hole on one face of an X-ray transmissive film (radiolucent film) in an X-ray transmissive window (radiolucent window) to be used for an X-ray detector (radiation detector). The X-ray transmissive window faces a sample. A beam for irradiation to the sample passes through the through-hole, and X-rays (radiation) are radially emitted on a line extending through the through-hole and enter the X-ray transmissive window. Since the linear ribs are formed radially with the center at the through-hole, even X-rays entering at shallow angles with respect to the X-ray transmissive window are transmitted through the X-ray transmissive window at a probability equivalent to X-rays entering at deep angles. More X-rays are transmitted through the X-ray transmissive window, and thus the X-ray detector can detect X-rays with high efficiency.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for imaging a tumor of a patient using one or more imaging systems positionable about the tumor and treating the tumor using positively charged particles, such as: (1) using a rotatable gantry support to support and rotate a section of a positively charged particle beam transport line about a rotation axis and a tumor of a patient; (2) using a rotatable and optionally extendable secondary support to support, circumferentially position, and laterally position a primary and optional secondary imaging system about the tumor; (3) image the tumor using the primary and optional secondary imaging system as a function of rotation and/or translation of the secondary support; and (4) treat, optionally concurrently with imaging, the tumor using the positively charged particles as a function of circumferential position of the section of the charged particle beam about the tumor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (3) for supporting packaging for transporting/storing radioactive materials (1) in a horizontal position, the supporting device including a structural base (10) and structures (12) for supporting the packaging, which structures are supported by the base (10) and project upwards therefrom. According to the invention, the device also includes, located at least in part above the structural base (10), a shroud (30) for guiding air for cooling the packaging by natural convection, the shroud (30) defining a recess (32) which is open towards the top and into which a portion of the packaging is intended to be inserted when the packaging (1) is supported in a horizontal position on the device, the shroud (30) including, at the bottom thereof, at least one opening (34) for allowing cooling air into the recess (32).

Abstract: Methods and devices for controlling movement of a carriage of a multi-leaf collimator are provided. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a desired position of each of a set of leaves on the carriage in each of a plurality of segments from a field, determining an allowable moving range set of the carriage according to the desired position, the allowable moving range set including a respective allowable moving range of the carriage in each of the segments, determining a respective position of the carriage in each of the segments according to the allowable moving range set, and controlling the movement of the carriage according to the determined positions of the carriage in the segments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hadron therapy installation that comprises an irradiation unit (1) supported by a rotary support structure, so as to be able to rotate around a target volume (15) centered on the axis of rotation (22), to deliver a treatment beam (17) from different angles on the target volume (15). An imaging device (3, 4) is secured in rotation with the irradiation unit (1) and translatable relative to the irradiation unit (1) between a retracted position at the irradiation unit (1) and a lateral deployed position relative to the target volume (15), such that in its deployed position, the imaging device (3, 4) can rotate around the target volume (15) together with the irradiation unit (1). Such an installation can be used for a cone beam computed tomography method and/or a fluoroscopic imaging method on a patient to be treated in the hadron therapy installation.

Abstract: Various configurations of shielding materials within shielding layers, such as for use in shielding radiation from implanted radioactive carriers, are discussed herein.

Abstract: In some implementations described herein, a collimator that is biasable is provided. The ability to bias the collimator allows control of the electric field through which the sputter species pass. In some implementations of the present disclosure a collimator that has a high effective aspect ratio while maintaining a low aspect ratio along the periphery of the collimator of the hexagonal array of the collimator is provided. In some implementations, a collimator with a steep entry edge in the hexagonal array is provided. It has been found that use of a steep entry edge in the collimator reduces deposition overhang and clogging of the cells of the hexagonal array. These various features lead to improve film uniformity and extend the life of the collimator and process kit.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic cloaking structure, a refractive index distribution has a high refractive index region which is provided around a shielding space and has a maximum value in a plane surrounding the shielding space and in which a refractive index decreases gradually from the centroid of the shielding space along a radial line passing through the plane so as to be close to an average refractive index and a low refractive index region which has a minimum value at two points having the shielding space and the high refractive index region interposed therebetween on a virtual optical axis passing through the shielding space and in which the refractive index increases gradually from the two points in a direction opposite to the high refractive index region on the virtual optical axes, on which the two points are placed, so as to be close to the average refractive index.

Abstract: A new optical arrangement that creates high efficiency, high quality Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Holography (FINCH) holograms using transmission liquid crystal GRIN (TLCGRIN) diffractive lenses has been invented. This is in contrast to the universal practice in the field of using a reflective spatial light modulator (SLM) to separate sample and reference beams. Polarization sensitive TLCGRIN lenses enable a straight optical path, have 95% transmission efficiency, are analog devices without pixels and are free of many limitations of reflective SLM devices. An additional advantage is that they create an incoherent holographic system that is achromatic over a wide bandwidth. Two spherical beams created by the combination of a glass and a polarization sensitive TLCGRIN lenses interfere and a hologram is recorded by a digital camera. FINCH configurations which increase signal to noise ratios and imaging speed are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shielding system for customized shielding of a patient or an operator from X-rays. The shielding system is mounted on a radiation table with a longitudinal edge. In use, the table is reversibly movable between a first (usually horizontal) orientation and a second (usually vertical orientation). Extending from the radiation table is a post that is associated with a patient handgrip subassembly. The subassembly has a bracket that is securably movable along the longitudinal edge. In the shielding system there are foundational blocks with apertures that receive movable rails from which protective curtains are suspended.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a radiotherapy information generation apparatus includes a region specific unit and a planning estimation unit. The region specific unit is configured to specify at least one area defined with respect to a tumor by analysis processing of diagnostic image data. The planning estimation unit is configured to display estimation information of planned dose values calculated based on the area and expected dose values of a radiation. Further, according to another embodiment, a radiotherapy information generation method includes specifying at least one area defined with respect to a tumor by analysis processing of diagnostic image data; and displaying estimation information of planned dose values calculated based on the area and expected dose values of a radiation.

Abstract: Methods of and devices for manufacturing a multi-layered microfluidic filter are disclosed. In one embodiment, method of manufacturing a multi-layered filter comprises providing a first molding plate that includes a plurality of apertures and is coupled to a flow stream source, applying from the flow stream source a first flow stream to pass through the plurality of apertures of the first molding plate, forming a first membrane layer comprising a first set of pores using the first molding plate and the first flow stream, controlling the first flow stream to generate a second flow stream from the first set of pores of the first membrane layer, and forming a second membrane layer comprising a second set of pores using the second flow stream and the first membrane layer.

Abstract: A collimator for a radiotherapy apparatus comprising a block of radiation-attenuating material having a front face forming the leading edge of the block and at least one main rear face defining the trailing edge of the block, in which the least one main rear face has a material disposed thereon and is non-parallel to the front face. The collimator may form part of a radiotherapy apparatus, and methods of operation of such apparatus are described.

Abstract: An X-ray obscuration (XRO) film comprising one or more metallic wire mesh layers and an adjacent layer of indium foil having portions which extend into openings of the wire mesh and in contact with metallic portions thereof. The XRO film can be capable of absorbing at least a portion of X-ray energy thereby creating an interference pattern when the XRO film is coupled with an electronic circuit and placed between an X-ray source and an X-ray detector and subjected to radiographic inspection. The interference pattern can create sufficient visual static to effectively obscure circuit lines in the electronic circuit when subjected to radiographic inspection techniques. The XRO film can be substantially thinner than existing solutions for preventing X-ray inspection with an exemplary embodiment being no more than 5 mils thick. The metallic XRO film can also provide electromagnetic shielding and/or heat dissipation for electronic circuits.

Abstract: A spot scanning (SS) ion therapy system configured for dynamic trimming of an ion particle pencil beam to reduce the amount of the radiation dosage outside of a target boundary.

Abstract: A method of ambient light suppression in an imaging system, including illuminating leaves of a multi-leaf collimator (MLC) with a first light of a lighting system inside a housing of the MCL, receiving ambient light inside the housing of the MLC through an aperture of the MLC, and capturing, using an imaging system having optics situated inside the housing of the MLC, an image of the leaves of the MLC illuminated with the first light and the ambient light. The method may further include, suppressing the ambient light in the first image to generate a second image of the leaves of the MLC and detecting a feature of the leaves of the MLC in the second image.

Abstract: Illustrative embodiments provide modular nuclear fission deflagration wave reactors and methods for their operation. Illustrative embodiments and aspects include, without limitation, modular nuclear fission deflagration wave reactors, modular nuclear fission deflagration wave reactor modules, methods of operating a modular nuclear fission deflagration wave reactor, and the like.

Abstract: A device controller controls an acceleration-related devices and an extraction-related devices of an accelerator for accelerating and extracting a particle beam, in such a way that the controller checks, at a time point when receiving a master clock pulse, that preparation for operating the acceleration-related devices is completed and then commands the acceleration-related devices to operate in accordance with an operation pattern corresponding to a prescribed energy of the particle beam, and commands the acceleration-related devices to operate in accordance with an extracting operation pattern when an extraction enable signal indicating that the particle beam reaches the prescribed energy is turned ON and an extraction-related device setting-status signal indicating that completion of setting the extraction-related devices for the prescribed energy is ON.