Abstract: The present disclosure provides embodiments of methods, systems, and apparatuses for detecting wet spots on machined surfaces of wood workpieces. Images of laser spots on a workpiece may be processed to determine area and aspect ratio values of the laser spots. Wet spots may be detected on the workpiece based at least on the area and aspect ratio values, and optionally based in part on color image data. A facility may use wet spot detection in grade determination and/or to classify wood pieces as ‘wet’ or ‘dry’ for the determination of appropriate drying conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for illuminating a wood fibre web for deviation detection. The method comprises turning on LEDs of an overhead sidelight that are side-directed towards a first edge of the web for illuminating a first half of width of the web, capturing an image of the first half, turning off the LEDs, turning on LEDs of the overhead sidelight that are side-directed towards a second edge of the web for illuminating a second half of width of the web, capturing an image of the second half, and turning off the LEDs. The invention also relates to an overhead sidelight, a machine vision system, and a lighting system.

Abstract: A method of laying a pipeline from a laying vessel into a body of water includes guiding the pipeline along a supporting structure of a laying ramp using a number of guide devices, and acquiring an image of the pipeline, in an acquisition plane crosswise to the axis of the pipeline, at the free end of the laying ramp. The method also includes determining whether the acquired image is within an acceptance range predetermined as a function of the configuration of the supporting structure and the size of the pipeline, and emitting an error signal when the acquired image is not within the acceptance range.

Abstract: An enclosure assembly for a camera is designed to be mounted on the frame of an optical inspection apparatus for scanning the profile of a surface of an article moving along a travel path axis, the profile being associated with a reference axis orthogonal to a reference plane parallel to the travel path axis. The camera is part of a profile sensor unit and has an optical sensing field directed toward the travel path axis to define a scanning zone associated with the surface as intersected by the optical sensing field, the profile unit further having a laser source directing at angle with the optical sensing field a fan-shaped laser beam toward the scanning zone to define an associated scanning plane transverse to the travel path axis, to generate sensor output data related the profile of the article surface.

Abstract: A method for identifying a piece of wood amongst a plurality or for determining its rotation includes the operating steps of: acquiring at least one piece of real X-ray information about the piece of wood; calculating, based on a tomographic reconstruction, a piece of virtual X-ray information in the same way as in the acquisition of the real X-ray information; comparing the real and virtual X-ray information to verify whether they match; and repeating the calculation and comparison steps up to obtaining the matching, and/or, for identification method only, selecting a different tomographic reconstruction and reiterating the calculation and comparison steps and, if necessary, the repetition and/or selection steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for optical inspection of the hirsuteness of a surface. The method comprises directing a light beam (B) to the surface (2) of a wooden piece (1) under study in a direction (D), which deviates from the normal to the surface. The surface is imaged with a camera (8) having an image plane (9) formed by several optoelectronic light-sensitive pixels by imaging at predetermined intervals the surface of the wooden piece moving relative to the camera, each image being in the form of electronic image data. The image data of two consecutive electronic images are subtracted from each other, yielding a set of pixel-related difference data describing the wooden surface under study, and the difference data are used for stating varitions in the surface roughness of the surface under study.

Abstract: Methods are described for predicting the percentage of latewood and specific gravity of lumber independent of moisture content using image analysis of the lumber surfaces.

Abstract: In the method for locating flaws on the surface of a three-dimensional object the flaws are detected and located using one or more optical image-taking device. When a picture is taken showing a flaw the location of the flaw on the object is determined with great accuracy from the design data for the object, the optical imaging properties of the optical image-taking device, and the positions of the optical image-taking device and the object. A marking system for marking the position of the flaws on the object, which are detected by the method, is also described, which includes plural marking heads and displacement devices for positioning and/or activating the marking heads independently of each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and a method to grade a piece of wood and simultaneously to classify this piece of wood by allowing an examination of four longitudinal faces thereof, so as to determine optimal specifications for a subsequent use thereof such as shaving, trimming ends, and other applications. The system comprises a structure, a transversal conveyor, a vision unit and a processing unit. The vision unit is partly located above the conveyor in an inclined plane, collecting data on a lateral and upper longitudinal face of an object as the object moves with the conveyor, and partly located under the conveyor, at an angle therewith, collecting data from a complementary lateral longitudinal face of the object as well as from an inferior longitudinal face thereof, as the object moves with the conveyor. The system allows classification of wooden pieces according to predetermined standards, at a rate of 200 pieces per minute with a margin of error less than or equal to 2%.

Abstract: An upper stem diameter measurement (“USDM”) and basal area determination device for timber cruising operations incorporates a viewing window in which are projected variable, visual brackets for manual alignment by the user, or automatic setting under processor section control, with the left and right sides of a target tree stem or trunk. The device further includes a built-in inclinometer such that computations of height and stem diameter can be automatically adjusted depending on the user's line of sight with respect to a horizontal plane. In a preferred embodiment, a user actuatable keypad is provided for inputting data, such as a desired operational mode, a specified basal area factor and the like, a user viewable display as well as control buttons for adjusting the visual brackets and indicating an acceptance of various of the device parameters and operational characteristics.

Abstract: The correct handover position between the gripper and the e-chuck is located using a light source and a 2-D photosensor. As the e-chuck is in the loading position it can be driven forwards or backwards in the beam direction by rotating the main whisper scan rotor. The line drawn across the 2-D array by a spot of light from the light source passing through a hole in a flag attached to the e-chuck is recorded. Similarly, the line drawn by a spot of light from the same source passing through a hole in the flag attached to the gripper is also recorded. The point of intersection is the ideal transfer point. For transfer the e-chuck is then driven to this point which can be checked from the 2-D sensor. The gripper is then also driven to the same point and alignment can be checked using the light source and sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and a method to grade a piece of wood and simultaneously to classify this piece of wood by allowing an examination of four longitudinal faces thereof, so as to determine optimal specifications for a subsequent use thereof such as shaving, trimming ends, and other applications. The system comprises a structure, a transversal conveyor, a vision unit and a processing unit. The vision unit is partly located above the conveyor in an inclined plane, collecting data on a lateral and upper longitudinal face of an object as the object moves with the conveyor, and partly located under the conveyor, at an angle therewith, collecting data from a complementary lateral longitudinal face of the object as well as from an inferior longitudinal face thereof, as the object moves with the conveyor. The system allows classification of wooden pieces according to predetermined standards, at a rate of 200 pieces per minute with a margin of error less than or equal to 2%.

Abstract: A laser scanning system for determining wood grain orientation has been developed. The system employs a polarizer for separating the emergent laser light from the reflected laser light to decrease the laser image noise, a variable voltage source for intensifying the emergent laser light to increase the laser image signal, and an algorithm of phase demodulation for signal transformation, phase demodulation, and contrast feedback to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the laser images. The system is capable of extracting wood grain orientation quickly and precisely from the laser images with low signal-to-noise ratio, such as the images on the surfaces of hardwood species and roughsawn materials.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are TV Camera based and other electro-optical sensors and systems, providing affordable methods and apparatus for high speed determination of dimensions and other features of objects. Particular embodiments capable of fast and reliable acquisition of features of moving objects such as boards and wood products are disclosed. Preferred embodiments utilize laser triangulation range detection with at least two cameras viewing the same laser spot or line projected on the object.

Abstract: This application is concerned with laser triangulation sensors for object dimension and position determination, and in particular, more effective measurement of object shapes and/or thickness using laser triangulation sensors having multiple projected laser beams and at least two linear or matrix array cameras to view the images of light reflected from the object due to the beams impinging on the object surface. Besides disclosure of the basic operation of “multi-point” sensors of this type, novel methods and apparatus are also disclosed to assure function of the device even with objects, such as lumber, having pronounced protrusions and depressions in their surface.

Abstract: To make coincide cutting centers of two end surfaces of raw wood with the axis of spindles of a veneer lathe, at least two axial corrections which are performed in a state in which the raw wood is held by centering spindles are required. Conventional apparatuses suffer from too complicated structures and enlargement of the cost because of the complicated structures. A correction operation of an axial direction of correction operations in the two axial directions is performed such that only a movable centering spindle is moved in a direction intersecting a direction in which holding arms are extended/contracted. Another correction operation in another axial direction is performed by extending/contracting the holding arms.

Abstract: A method and system for forestry, in particular harvesting by means of a harvesting machine comprising a vehicle and a harvesting arrangement mounted thereon, is based on the fact that at least one position determining device (5) capable of determining the positioning of the harvesting machine by means of external wirelessly receiveable signals is arranged on the harvesting machine (1). A marking device computer, is arranged on the harvesting machine to control the marking device to mark the piece of timber with position information by means of position information received from the position determining device (5).