Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for nitration of benzene. More particularly, the present invention discloses an efficient, environmental friendly process for the nitration of benzene using a modified solid acid catalyst.

Abstract: A collection of compressible particles. The compressible particles are intended to be used for attenuating pressure within a confined volume such as a trapped annulus. Preferably, the compressible particles buoyantly reside within an aqueous fluid, forming a fluid mixture. Each of the compressible particles is fabricated to collapse in response to fluid pressure within the confined volume, and comprises carbon. The particles may each have a porosity of between 5% and 40%, and a compressibility of between 10% and 30%, at up to 10,000 psi. Each of the particles has a resiliency of between 80% and 120%.

Abstract: Electrolytes comprising at least one lithium salt and at least two ionic liquids, at least one of which is an ionic liquid resulting from the association of at least one cation complying with the following formula (I): In which: R1 is an acyclic hydrocarbon group; n is an integer ranging from 0 to 3; m is an integer ranging from 1 to 4; and at least one Y anion.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a dialysis acid precursor composition for use during preparation of a dialysis acid concentrate solution and for mixing with water, a sodium containing concentrate, and a bicarbonate containing concentrate into a ready-for-use dialysis solution. The dialysis acid precursor composition consists of powder components comprising glucose, at least one dry acid and at least one magnesium salt, and optionally potassium salt, and calcium salt. According to the invention the glucose and the at least one magnesium salt, are present as anhydrous components in the dialysis acid precursor composition.

Abstract: A granular fertilizer product having at least two sources of boron having different solubilities to tailor boron availability during the entire growing season of a plant, while reducing the risk of boron toxicity. A first source of boron can include a sodium-based or highly water soluble boron compound such as sodium tetraborate and/or boric acid, while a second source of boron can include a calcium-based boron compound such as colemanite (CaB3O4(OH)3.(H2O)) (e.g. when the carrier fertilizer is N- or K-based) and/or boron phosphate (BPO4) (e.g. when the carrier fertilizer is P-based). The solubility of the first source of boron is higher than the solubility of the second source of boron such that the sources of boron have different release rates into the soil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for boosting immunity in a person comprising a plurality of minerals, a plurality of vitamins, activated charcoal, coffee beans, vitamin B complex and a carrier, wherein the carrier is an oil-based substance. The composition is an aggregation of the active agents/ingredients conventionally prepared. The present invention allows absorption of multiple active agents/ingredients in the body, consistently. The blend of vitamin and minerals get easily absorbed in the body of a patient without affecting the function of the liver.

Abstract: A colloidal ionic-liquid electrolyte for electrochemical devices is provided. The colloidal ionic-liquid electrolyte includes a room temperature ionic-liquid, a lithium salt, and a ceramic particle phase (powder) including a high dielectric material dispersed in the ionic-liquid electrolyte, wherein the colloidal ionic-liquid electrolyte exhibits enhanced ionic conductivity in the electrochemical device compared to the ionic conductivity of the pure room temperature ionic-liquid. The high dielectric material exhibits a first dielectric constant of about 200 or more, and a first mean particle size of about 2000 nm or less. The enhanced ionic conductivity is observed in the temperature range of about 75° C. to about ?60° C. and is more pronounced at colder temperatures. In addition, the colloidal ionic-liquid electrolyte exhibits enhanced non-flammability, enhanced mechanical stability, enhanced thermal stability and suppressed flowability.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to compositions including a viscosifying non-ionic associative polymer for treatment of subterranean formations. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a subterranean formation. The method includes placing in the subterranean formation a composition including a viscosifying non-ionic associative polymer including at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic group that is at each occurrence an independently selected substituted or unsubstituted (C5-C50)hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: A granular fertilizer product having at least two sources of boron having different solubilities to tailor boron availability during the entire growing season of a plant, while reducing the risk of boron toxicity. A first source of boron can include a sodium-based or highly water soluble boron compound such as sodium tetraborate and/or boric acid, while a second source of boron can include a calcium-based boron compound such as colemanite (CaB3O4(OH)3.(H2O)) (e.g. when the carrier fertilizer is N- or K-based) and/or boron phosphate (BPO4) (e.g. when the carrier fertilizer is P-based). The solubility of the first source of boron is higher than the solubility of the second source of boron such that the sources of boron have different release rates into the soil.

Abstract: A candle holder comprises a housing for securing a candle; the housing including first thermochromic material formed on the housing and second thermochromic material formed on the thermochromic material. The first thermochromic material changes a perceivable state of the first thermochromic material when an ambient temperature of first thermochromic material is above a first pre-determined activation temperature, the perceivable state of the first thermochromic material being visually perceivable or non-visually perceivable. The second thermochromic material changes a perceivable state of the second thermochromic material when an ambient temperature of second thermochromic material is above a second pre-determined activation temperature, the perceivable state of the second thermochromic material being visually perceivable or non-visually perceivable. The perceivable state of the first thermochromic material is different from the perceivable state of the second thermochromic material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of manufacturing cucurbituril and/or one or more derivatives thereof with low formaldehyde content and to the use of said cucurbituril and/or one or more derivatives thereof, in particular in consumer and industrial products, and in industrial processes.

Abstract: Methods including introducing a running fluid into a subterranean formation, the running fluid comprising a base fluid and a weighting agent and having a specific gravity in the range of about 1.05 to about 3.0, and a 600 rpm shear stress of less than about 26.3 Pa, wherein the 600 rpm shear stress is measured at a shear rate of 600 rpm and a temperature of about 48.9° C.; and running a tubular into the subterranean formation comprising the running fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nanofibrillar materials and aerogel-like materials comprised of nanofibrils, and methods for making such materials.

Abstract: A method for the production of a flavor granule for a smoking article comprises the steps of: a) forming an inner core by compaction of particles of herbaceous plant material; b) providing a coating suspension of colored binder particles comprising at least one colorant and at least one polymeric binder in a solvent; c) applying the coating suspension to the outer surface of the inner core to form an outer layer, wherein the coating suspension is applied to the inner core within a coating system and wherein within that coating system the vapor pressure of the solvent is greater than 5 kPa; and d) drying the outer layer to evaporate the solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to cucurbituril and/or one or more derivatives thereof with low formaldehyde content, to a process of manufacturing said cucurbituril and/or one or more derivatives thereof and to the use of said cucurbituril and/or one or more derivatives thereof, in particular in consumer and industrial products, and in industrial processes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a semiconductor integrated circuit device that basically has a non-memory array area, a memory array area, and memory capacitors formed across lower embedded metal interconnection layers including a low-dielectric constant interlayer insulating film in the memory array area. In addition, a memory-periphery metal seal ring is provided in the lower embedded metal interconnection layers having at least the low-dielectric constant interlayer insulating film so as to surround the memory array area.

Abstract: A lightguide assembly including structures to provide for outcoupling of light from an internal reflection structure. In an embodiment, a lightguide assembly includes light transmissive bodies forming respective corrugations which are coupled to one another. Optical coatings are variously disposed between the respective corrugations, wherein the optical coatings provide for redirection of light from the lightguide assembly. In another embodiment, optical coatings are each applied to a respective one of alternate facets of a corrugation. Polymer film portions provide mechanical support for the optical coatings during application to the corrugation.

Abstract: At least one polycarbonate sheet is laminated to at least one further rigid layer by at least one adhesion layer, characterized in that the adhesive layer consists of polyvinyl acetal having a content of vinylacetate groups of more than 10 wt. % but less than 25 wt. % and a content of plasticizer of less than 10 wt. %.

Abstract: To provide an ionic liquid which has at least one of properties such as high ionic conductivity, a small reduction in ionic conductivity at a low temperature, a low melting point, and a low viscosity. To provide a power storage device having higher initial charge and discharge efficiency than a power storage device containing a conventional ionic liquid. A cyclic quaternary ammonium salt is liquid at room temperature and contains a quaternary spiro ammonium cation having an asymmetrical structure including two aliphatic rings and one or more substituents bonded to one or both of the two aliphatic rings and an anion corresponding to the quaternary spiro ammonium cation. The power storage device includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing the cyclic quaternary ammonium salt as a nonaqueous solvent.

Abstract: An improved process for making bioderived propylene glycol from a feed composition including at least one of lactic acid, glycerol, a five carbon sugar, a five carbon sugar alcohol, a six carbon sugar and a six carbon sugar alcohol, wherein production of four carbon and higher diols is reduced by adding base after the initiation of the reaction. In preferred embodiments, the process pH and other process conditions are initially established at targeted values for obtaining the highest conversion for a given catalyst consistent with the production of substantially no pentanediol byproducts in the product mixture, and base is added thereafter to control the process pH proximate to the initially targeted value.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution for a fluoride ion battery includes: a fluoride salt; and a solvent for dissolving the fluoride salt, in which the solvent is an ether-containing material having a cation and an anion, and in the cation, an ether group represented by —CH2—O—R (where R represents an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group) binds to a cation central element which is N or P.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing a combination of vitamins, specific salts of calcium, magnesium, and iron, probiotics and prebiotics, which prevents the occurrence of adverse effects associated with long-term use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). This effect is achieved by restoring all nutrient deficiencies and rectifying the intestinal flora imbalance caused by this type of drugs, particularly in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Abstract: Stable pentadecapeptide salts of formula (I): (I) SEQ?ID?NO?1 Gly?Glu?Pro?Pro?Pro?Gly?Lys?Pro?Ala?Asp?Asp?Ala 1???????????????5???????????????????10??????????? Gly?Leu?Val?· n?BAA ????????15 wherein n means 1, 2 or 3, and BAA means basic amino acid, a process for the preparation thereof, a process for the use thereof for the manufacture of pharmaceutical formulations in liquid and solid form and a use thereof for prevention, protection in treatment of diseases and disease conditions and for the preparation of formulations for use as food supplements are described.

Abstract: A metal article such as a gas turbine component may include a super-diffusion coating with unusually high content of the desired constituent. The coating may be provided by combining two or more diffusion coating processes, each process interdiffusing the desired constituent with the metal article from a different metal source. The metal article can be placed in physical contact with a metal source in powder form as a first source, and the article can also be exposed an additional metal vapor source. Super-chromide coatings can be produced with alpha-chrome content in a manner that also provides the coating with sufficient ductility for long-term durability. For example, a shank portion of a gas turbine blade may be provided with a chromide coating with at least a portion of the coating having from 60-90% chromium content.

Abstract: A method for producing an aqueous electrolyte comprising a redox-active coordination compound of a transition metal which comprises reacting an oxide of the corresponding transition metal in an aqueous reaction medium with a chelating agent in a hydrothermal reaction zone at a temperature in the range of from 100° C. to 160° C. for a period of from 4 hours to 48 hours.

Abstract: A freeze indicator, which is preferably a self-activating freeze indicator. The freeze indicator has a substrate with a freeze indicator composition coated thereon wherein the freeze indicator has a liquid diacetylene; and a catalyst or catalyst precursor and a protective cover.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite material that comprises a polymeric constituent and iron ore powder. The polymeric constituent of the present invention is preferably UHMWPE. The iron ore powder used for the purposes of the present invention is the raw iron ore tailing resulting from iron ore pelletizing processes and it is used in an amount of 3-5% (w/w). The present invention is also related to the use of iron ore tailing in the preparation of composite materials comprising UHMWPE which presents improved properties such as creep resistance, stiffness and wear resistance, as well as cost reduction and reuses tailings of industrial plant. The present invention is also related to the use of the composite material of interest in the preparation of composite polymeric sheets for use in mining companies facilities.

Abstract: Provided is a hole-blocking layer which has excellent basic characteristics such as high photoelectric conversion efficiency, while exhibiting excellent productivity. The hole-blocking layer is produced by a process that has a step of bringing an aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide and titanium (IV) oxysulfate into contact with the surface of a member on which the hole-blocking layer is to be formed, and holding the contact between the aqueous solution and the member at 50 to 120° C., so that an amorphous titanium oxide precursor precipitates on the surface of the member; and a step of drying the amorphous titanium oxide precursor that has precipitated on the member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel dry concentrate for producing medical solutions, more particularly dialysis solutions, which comprises electrolyte components, buffer components and an osmotic agent, wherein the concentrate comprises magnesium carbonate instead of magnesium chloride. The use of magnesium carbonate as an electrolyte prevents the formation of slurries. By providing anhydrous glucose as an osmotic agent, and by optionally spatially separating this osmotic agent from other components, the occurrence of caking of the concentrate is additionally avoided. The occurrence of caking is further reduced by providing the buffer component sodium bicarbonate together with sodium chloride separate from all other components. The concentrate of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in multi-chamber container bag systems. The concentrate of the present invention exhibits good dissolution behavior and improved storage stability.

Abstract: An azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of chlorotrifluoropropene and at least one component selected from the group consisting of a C1-C3 alcohol, a C5-C6 hydrocarbon, a halogenated hydrocarbon, methylal, methyl acetone, water, nitromethane, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an immunoconjugate formulation that is substantially free of particles, the immunoconjugate formulation comprising: an immunoconjugate and one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of: sucrose, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, cyclodextrin, dextrose, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sodium chloride, and an amino acid, wherein the formulation is a buffered aqueous solution having a pH of 4.5 to 7.6. The present invention also provides an immunoconjugate formulation that is substantially free of aggregates, the immunoconjugate formulation comprising: an immunoconjugate and one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of histidine, sucrose, glycine and sodium chloride, wherein the formulation is a buffered aqueous solution having a pH of 4.5 to 7.6. The present invention further provides an immunoconjugate formulation that is substantially free of both particles and aggregates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to natural crude salt formulations arid their cost-effective preparation. In particular, the invention discloses the fractionation of seawater into three fractions which can thereafter be suitably combined to reconstitute seawater in its pristine form for its various applications such as growth of marine microbes, flora and fauna in a marine environment, especially where such environments have to be created in locations far removed from the sea and/or where there is a requirement to modify the composition of seawater to better its performance. The fractions can also be blended appropriately to exclude the major constituent, namely sodium chloride, and thereby be useful for mineralization/re-mineralization of waters which are deficient in mineral nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulphate and bicarbonate including rain water and desalinated waters obtained through thermal/RO desalination.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making a lignin component from lignin material by an acid treatment, the method comprising: forming a lignin component of lignin material by treating the lignin material in at least one acid treatment stage; and optimizing process conditions by means of a combination of process parameters comprising retention time, temperature and pH level at the acid treatment stage so that the retention time is over 6 hours during at least one acid treatment stage. Further, the invention relates to corresponding lignin components, a use of the lignin component and a product.

Abstract: Disclosed are acetylated cellulose ether, a method of preparing the same, and an article including the same. The disclosed acetylated cellulose ether has a degree of substitution (DS) of alkyl group of 1 to 2, a molar substitution (MS) of hydroxyalkyl group of 0 to 1, and a degree of substitution (DS) of acetyl group of 1 to 2; and a bulk density of 0.1 to 0.4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of fine chemicals in a microorganism, a plant cell, a plant, a plant tissue or in one or more parts thereof. The present invention relates further to a process for the control of the production of fine chemicals in a microorganism, a plant cell, a plant, a plant tissue or in one or more parts thereof. The invention furthermore relates to nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, nucleic acid constructs, vectors, antisense molecules, antibodies, host cells, plant tissue, propagation material, harvested material, plants, microorganisms as well as agricultural compositions and to their use.

Abstract: A composition contains (A) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst and (B) an aliphatically unsaturated compound having an average, per molecule, of one or more aliphatically unsaturated organic groups capable of undergoing hydrosilylation reaction. The composition ? capable of reacting via hydrosilylation reaction to form a reaction product, such as a silane, a gum, a gel, a rubber, or a resin. Ingredient (A) contains a metal-ligand complex that can be prepared by a method including reacting a metal precursor and a ligand.

Abstract: A composition contains (A) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst and (B) an aliphatically unsaturated compound having an average, per molecule, of one or more aliphatically unsaturated organic groups capable of undergoing hydrosilylation reaction. The composition is capable of reacting via hydrosilylation reaction to form a reaction product, such as a silane, a gum, a gel, a rubber, or a resin. Ingredient (A) contains a metal-ligand complex that can be prepared by a method including reacting a metal precursor and a ligand.

Abstract: A composition contains (A) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst and (B) an aliphatically unsaturated compound having an average, per molecule, of one or more aliphatically unsaturated organic groups capable of undergoing hydrosilylation reaction. The composition ? capable of reacting via hydrosilylation reaction to form a reaction product, such as a silane, a gum, a gel, a rubber, or a resin. Ingredient (A) contains a metal-ligand complex that can be prepared by a method including reacting a metal precursor and a ligand.

Abstract: Provided herein are carbon nanotubes conformally coated with diamond nanocrystals or silicon carbide, or both, methods of their preparation, methods of their use and compositions and materials comprising the conformally coated carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A composition contains (A) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst and (B) an aliphatically unsaturated compound having an average, per molecule, of one or more aliphatically unsaturated organic groups capable of undergoing hydrosilylation reaction. The composition is capable of reacting via hydrosilylation reaction to form a reaction product, such as a silane, a gum, a gel, a rubber, or a resin.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for removing an organic compound having one or more positive charges from an aqueous solution, comprising the steps a) provision of the aqueous solution comprising the organic compound and of a hydrophobic organic solution which comprises a liquid cation exchanger, where the liquid cation exchanger is hydrophobic, and where the liquid cation exchanger has one or more negative charges and an overall negative charge, b) contacting the aqueous solution and the organic solution, and c) separating off the organic solution from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to compositions comprising lignocellulosic biomass and an organic solvent wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises 35% or greater of lignin material. The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to compositions comprising lignocellulosic biomass and an organic solvent wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises 50% or less of carbohydrate. In certain embodiments the present compositions may have a viscosity of 5000 cps or less.

Abstract: A method of hydrothermally treating stillage by heating stillage to 200 degrees F. to 350 degrees F., altering physicochemical properties of the stillage, enabling facile separation of the stillage, and creating unique product fractions. A method of performing ethanol fermentation by treating stillage to enable facile separation by heating the stillage to a temperature of 200 degrees F. to 350 degrees F., and separating the treated stillage to recover a high protein solids fraction, a stickwater fraction, and an oil fraction. A method of improving fermentation by heating stillage to a temperature of 200° F. to 350° F. resulting in hydrothermally treated stillage, using all or a portion of the hydrothermally treated stillage as a component of a media, and using the media for a process including fermentation and biomass production. Oil, stickwater, high protein solids fraction, high protein meal, metabolites, biomass, and media obtained from the methods above.

Abstract: A method of processing stillage by hydrothermally fractionating stillage to create unique product fractions, by heating the stillage to a temperature of 250 degrees F. to 350 degrees F., and recovering a stickwater fraction from the stillage. Stickwater, oil, biomass, bio-products, extracts, metabolites, and treated water obtained from the method above. A method of performing ethanol fermentation by hydrothermally fractionating stillage to create unique product fractions by heating the stillage to a temperature of 250 degrees F. to 350 degrees F., separating the stillage into a ProFat fraction and a stickwater fraction, and recovering oil from the ProFat fraction.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for dispersing particulate materials prone to agglomeration, in a liquid. Particulate materials are exposed to a liquid and put into that liquid to form a suspension or a dispersion in a controlled method thereby minimizing agglomerates. The method uses mechanical/hydro mixing that prevents the physical deterioration of the particulate material and inhibits agglomeration of the particles. In many cases, these materials may be nanomaterials. Almost all particulate materials can be handled in this manner. This method has been found to be especially useful for preparing solutions of exfoliated graphene and certain drugs.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods relating to remote phosphor tapes and methods of making and using the same. A remote phosphor tape may be used in lighting units. The phosphor tape may comprise a front side and a backside. The phosphor tape may have a phosphor layer comprising a phosphor material configured to emit light of an emission wavelength when illuminated by light of an excitation wavelength. The remote phosphor tape is configured for use as a remote phosphor in a lighting unit.

Abstract: The present application describes compounds, compositions and methods for incorporating chemoselective and bio-orthogonal complementary functional groups into liposomes. The present application also describes various uses of these modified liposomes including for tethering the chemoselective and bio-orthogonal complementary functional groups from cell surfaces by liposome delivery toward the goal of rewiring the cell surface.

Abstract: A wax composition comprising various waxes and an organically modified polysiloxane (OMP). These materials are mixed and melted into a homogenous liquid state creating a molten blend. It is preferred that the slip agent be added to the blend at least 0.25 percent by weight, and more preferably at 0.50 percent by weight. By mixing OMG with known candle and wax potpourri waxes, the wax becomes much easier to remove from the wax container.

Abstract: A non-toxic, non-static, environmentally benign artificial snow product is made by extruding a mixture of starch, polyvinyl alcohol, hydrogenated soy flakes and talc to form an extruded starch product and processing the extruded starch product into snow flake like fragments. The snow flake like fragments may be sorted by size. Colorant may be added to yield artificial snow flakes in various festive colors.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for generating electrically-conductive and/or semi-conductive films, and more specifically, methods and apparatuses for generating conductive and/or semi-conductive films having nanoscale features are provided. In one embodiment, an electrically-conductive or semi-conductive film (e.g., a gold layer of less than 50 nanometer thickness) is provided on a substrate (e.g., a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp). The substrate may optionally include patterns or features having raised and recessed portions. A first portion of the film may be removed from the substrate, e.g., by methods such as physically contacting the first portion of the film with a surface to which the first portion preferentially adheres. This process can leave a second portion of the film remaining on the substrate. In some embodiments, the second portion includes at least one region having a dimension substantially parallel to a portion of the substrate i.e., of less than 50 nanometers.