Abstract: A viscous liquid vibration damping composition containing (A) 30-95 weight percent of a viscous liquid, and (B) 5-70 weight percent of at least two solid powders having different average particle diameters, where the difference between the respective average particle diameters of the two solid powders is at least 10 &mgr;m. These viscous liquid vibration damping compositions are superior in vibration damping properties, and possess a stable vibration damping characteristic that is not significantly affected by temperature changes.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a titanium-containing aqueous solution by reacting a titanium alkoxide with water in the presence of at least one of ammonia, and amines selected from a primary amine, a secondary amine, and a tertiary amine, provided that when ammonia and/or the primary amine only is used, at least one selected from the group consisting of an &agr;-diketone, a &bgr;-diketone, an &agr; hydroxyketone and a carboxylic acid is used in combination.

Abstract: Novel compounds comprising a C—C double bond substituted at one carbon with two oxygen or sulfur atom-containing groups are disclosed. The compounds are useful in methods and compositions for generating chemiluminescence by reaction with a peroxidase enzyme and a peroxide. The chemiluminescence thus produced can be used as a detectable signal in assays for peroxidase enzymes and in assays employing enzyme-labeled specific binding pairs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for producing nucleophilic substitutions, particularly of type SNAr and SN2. More specifically, the invention relates to the use as a fluorinating reaction medium of ionic liquid or fused salt comprising at least four carbon atoms. The invention can be used for the synthesis of fluoride derivatives.

Abstract: A formulation for use as a treating agent in the Bayer process is disclosed. The formulation comprises a blend of 200-300 ppm of starch and up to 10 ppm of another polysaccharide. When added to a liquor derived from the digestion of bauxite ore in a caustic solution to extract alumina, the formulation may result in increased filterability of the liquor. The formulation may also be used in conjunction with a filter aid in the filtration of a caustic sodium aluminate solution.

Abstract: Electrical storage devices having excellent low-temperature properties can be obtained by using a quaternary salt (or ionic liquid) of general formula (1) below as an electrolyte salt for electrical storage devices or a liquid electrolyte for electrical storage devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to the implementation of enzyme-catalysed reactions in the presence of ionic liquids.

Abstract: A liquid bubble solution comprising by volume: 45%˜70% water, 8%˜25% surface active agent, 2% glycerin, 1%˜2% fluorescent brightening agent, 4%˜6% luminous powder and 15%˜20% polyvinyl alcohol, and adapted to produce bubbles that provide illumination when viewed in the dark and under an external source of invisible ultraviolet or infrared radiation; the adoption of the luminous powder provides the function of illuminating in the dark while the polyvinyl alcohol forms a polyvinyl alcohol film on the surface of the bubble, making the bubble touchable and unbreakable.

Abstract: On object of the present invention is an agent for the reduction of the degree of shrinkage in hydraulic binders, whereby said comprises an alkanolamine of formula R—NH—(AOH) wherein R is hydrogen or a linear or branched aliphatic or cyclic C1-C6-alkyl group, and A is a C2H4-group or C3H6-group, alone or in combination with hydroxy compounds and/or ethers. Furthermore a method for the reduction of the dry shrinkage of binders such as cement, admixed cement, puzzolanas and thereof produced mortars and concretes by means of such a shrinkage reducing agent is described.

Abstract: The invention discloses an electromagnetic energy adaptation material, which can absorb electromagnetic energy, the material including a mixture of at least one liquid with at least one surfactant. The liquid may be a dipolar molecular liquid, and may be pressurised by means of a gas. Further the use of an electromagnetic energy adaptation material in the form of a foam for covering an object to prevent detection thereof by an electromagnetic energy detection apparatus, such as radar equipment, is disclosed. Finally a method of minimising or altering detection of an object by means of electromagnetic energy detection apparatus is suggested, which includes the steps of coating such an object or a zone spaced away from such an object at least partially by means of a foam of an electromagnetic energy adaptation material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alcohol mixture which substantively comprises alcohols having 13 or 15 carbon atoms, to a process for its preparation, to a process for functionalizing these alcohol mixtures, and to the resultant functionalized alcohol mixtures and their use.

Abstract: Reagents, methods and kits for the purification of RNA from biological materials are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to isomeric nonyl benzoates, processes for their preparation, mixtures of the same with alkyl phthalate, alkyl adipate, or alkyl cyclohexanedicarboxylate, and also to the use of these mixtures.

Abstract: Powder comprising substantially spherical particles of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, brassylic acid, and the anhydrides of said acids, said at least one compound being distributed substantially uniformly throughout the entirety of each of said particles, said particles having a particle size distribution as follows: d90 - d10 d50 < 1.90 wherein: d50 is a particle diameter at which 50% of the particles have diameters which are greater or smaller than the d50 value; d90 is a particle diameter at which 90% of the particles have diameters which are smaller than the d90 value; d10 is the particle diameter at which 10% of the particles have diameters which are smaller than the d10 value; and d50 is 8 to 30 micrometers.

Abstract: The inorganic compound sol of the present invention comprises a dispersion medium and, dispersed therein, inorganic compound particulates whose surface has been modified by an organic compound exhibiting a molecular polarizability of from 2×10−40 to 850×10−40 C2m2J−1. This inorganic compound sol modified by an organic compound has desirable affinity with dispersion media, so that its dispersion stability in solvents is excellent without aggregation of particulates.

Abstract: A pourable composition for use in gas fireplaces that, when heated to an effective temperature, produces an audible crackling sound and emits the scents of a wood fire. This composition is intended to introduce the pleasant sounds and scents of the wood fire experience to a gas fireplace. The composition is comprised of various edible items, such as seeds and non-edible items such as pumice, volcanic ash, and calcareous sand. A liquid oil component acts as a binder. When placed in a ceramic receptacle, and heated, a tablespoon amount of the composition produces audible crackling sounds for between 30-120 minutes.

Abstract: The invention relates to solutions of lithium pyrrolidine in a mixture consisting of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and of hydrocarbons, whereby the lithium pyrrolidine concentration ranges from 2 to 30 wt. %, and the molar ratio Li pyrrolidine: THF=1: 0.5 to 1: 1.5. The invention also relates to methods for preparing these solutions and to uses of these solutions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for the dissolution of salt that is hardly soluble, especially sodium chloride and other poorly soluble salts in 1,2 dichloroethane, which primarily are to be used in direct chlorination plants for the production of 1,2 dichloroethane. This aim is achieved by mounting an ultrasonic transducer (sonotrode) in the dissolution chamber which is filled with a suspension of salt crystals and 1,2 dichloroethane. The suspension is sent through a filter upon dissolution of the salt.

Abstract: A metal chelating composition having the formula: wherein Q is a carrier; S1 is a spacer; L is —A—T—CH(X)— or —C(═O)—; A is an ether, thioether, selenoether, or amide linkage; T is a bond or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl; X is —(CH2)kCH3, —(CH2)kCOOH, —(CH2)kSO3H, —(CH2)kPO3H2, —(CH2)kN(J)2, or —(CH2)kP (J)2, preferably —(CH2)kCOOH or —(CH2)kSO3H; k is an integer from 0 to 2; J is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; Y is —COOH, —H, —SO3H, —PO3H2, —N(J)2, or —P(J)2, preferably, —COOH; Z is —COOH, —H, —SO3H, —PO3H2, —N(J)2, or —P(J)2, preferably, —COOH; and i is an integer from 0 to 4, preferably 1 or 2.

Abstract: Granular product of parahydroxybenzoic acid or its ester which exhibits well suppressed dusting and caking tendency and a process for preparing the product are provided. The granular product of parahydroxybenzoic acid or its ester according to the instant invention has an average particle size of equal to or more than 150 &mgr;m and a hardness of 10-3000 g. The granular product of the invention can be prepared by dry compressing powdery parahydroxybenzoic acid or its ester to give compressed material, pulverizing and classifying the material.

Abstract: A vehicle tire balancing material comprising beads (1) formed from a first material (1′) having a higher tribo-electric work function, the beads (1) further having a permanent coating (1″) formed from a second material having a lower tribo-electric work function.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a solution of a quaternary cation and an anion from a deprotonated hydroxy aromatic in an organic solvent by means of a reactive extraction of a quaternary salt in the presence of an aqueous hydroxide solution, a hydroxy aromatic and an organic solvent is disclosed. Also disclosed is a process for the recycling of a quaternary salt phenolate solution from a reaction mixture.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide, for example, buffer compositions and/or sieving formulations useful in connection with electrophoresis instruments, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) devices. In various embodiments, a buffer composition can include Bis-Tris, TAPS and/or TAPSO, and, optionally, a chelating agent, such as EDTA. Methods of separating samples containing bio-molecules, such as DNA or RNA, are also described.

Abstract: New aerogels are disclosed which comprise silica, at least one organic polymer having polar functional groups, and at least one metal ion. Also disclosed are methods for making such aerogels. The present invention further concerns printable objects comprising these aerogels, specifically when the print media are imaged by the absorption of liquid and the spatial localization of pigments or dyes.

Abstract: The invention relates to fluidised bisphenol dust consisting of bisphenol dust and water, to a method for producing the same and to a method for producing a bisphenol, whereby fluidised bisphenol dust is added during production.

Abstract: A waterless urinal employs a sealing liquid comprising 4-chloro-3-methylphenol in an amount effective to act as a biocide and a compound selected from the group consisting of (1) branched aliphatic alcohols with C12 to C24 carbon chain lengths, (2) a mix of the branched aliphatic alcohols and linear aliphatic alcohols with C10 to C18 carbon chain lengths, (3) a mix of the branched aliphatic alcohols and linear aliphatic fatty acids with C14 to C18 carbon chain lengths, and (4) a mix of the branched aliphatic alcohols, linear aliphatic alcohols with C10 to C18 carbon chain lengths, and linear aliphatic fatty acids with C14 to C18 carbon chain lengths.

Abstract: An optical article, which is a preform for an optical lens, which is isotropic, consisting essentially of silicon oxide or silicon oxide in combination with one or more oxides of elements belonging to Groups III to VI of the Periodic Table, the article having a dimensional precision which has tolerance to surface roughness and profilometric accuracy required in the spectral interval of 200-800 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum, the tolerance being between one-half and one-tenth wavelength corresponding to the range of about 0.350-0.02 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A process for preparing an ionic liquid or salt, preferably in which the cation comprises an N-alkylated base and the anion is a carboxylate, formed by reaction between an organic base and an alkylating agent, wherein the alkylating agent is a fluorinated ester or an alkyl sulfonate, is described. Suitable organic bases include imizadoles, substituted imidazoles, pyridines and substituted pyridines. The so-formed products can be subsequently transformed into different ionic liquids or salts by metathesis.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenging composition or system is provided comprising an oxygen scavenging material, a photoinitiator, and at least one catalyst effective in catalyzing an oxygen scavenging reaction, wherein the photoinitiator comprises a benzophenone derivative containing at least two benzophenone moieties. A film, a multi-phase composition, a multi-layer composition, a multi-layer film, an article comprising the oxygen scavenging composition, a method for preparing the oxygen scavenging composition, and a method for scavenging oxygen are also provided. Non-extractable benzophenone derivative photoinitiators and methods for preparing same are also provided.

Abstract: Non-polymeric drag reducing agents in the form of maleated fatty acids and the esters thereof and the organic, inorganic or amine salts thereof are described herein. These additives are useful to reduce drag in hydrocarbon fluids and multi-phase fluids of hydrocarbon(s) and water. No injection probes or other special equipment is expected to be required to introduce the drag reducing agent into the liquid stream, nor is grinding (cryogenic or otherwise) of the additive necessary to form a suitable drag reducing agent. The drag reducing additives of the invention are not subject to shear degradation and do not cause undesirable changes in the emulsion or fluid quality of the fluid being treated, or undesirable foaming.

Abstract: Mixtures of triazine derivatives free from polyalkylene oxide are produced from 20 to 70 percent by weight of triazine derivatives with hydroxyalkyl amino groups and 80 to 30 percent by weight of triazine derivatives with bis(hydroxyalkyl) imino groups by catalytic reaction of alkylpropylene oxides with triazine derivatives at a melamine derivative/alkylpropylene oxide molar ratio of 1:1.

Abstract: A heterocyclic nitrogen and glycol containing solvent swell composition and method of using the composition. The solvent swell compositions may contain high flash point solvents and water. The solvent swell composition is used to condition resinous material for etching to form a porous textured surface on the resinous material. The porous texture permits the deposition of a metal on the resinous material such that a high integrity bond is formed between the textured resinous material and the deposited metal. Such a bond between the metal and the resinous material prevents de-lamination of the metal and resin bond. The heterocyclic nitrogen and glycol solvent swell composition also desmears resin material from substrates. The heterocyclic and glycol solvent swell compositions may be employed to treat resinous material used in the manufacture of printed wiring boards. Metal may be deposited on the textured resinous material by suitable plating methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides binary azeotrope-like compositions comprising pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and hydrogen chloride (HCl). In addition, the invention relates to methods for removing HFC-125 or HCl from a mixture of HFC-125 and HCl by distilling the mixture to remove an azeotrope-like composition of HFC-125 and HCl in the column distillate.

Abstract: A buffer composition, method and kit for hybridizing microarrays of nucleic acids bound to an adsorbed polymer surface of a siliceous substrate provide an envelope of conditions to hybridize nucleic acid targets, while preserving the intactness of the adsorbed polymer surface of the array. The buffer composition comprises a non-chelating buffering agent, a pH within a range of pH 6.4 and 7.5, a monovalent cation having a monovalent cation concentration that ranges from about 0.01 M to about 2.0 M, and optionally relatively lower concentrations of a chelating agent and an ionic surfactant. The total cation concentration of the buffer composition ranges from about 0.02 M to about 2.0 M. The method comprises incubating the targets with the microarray in the buffer composition at a temperature between about 55° C. and 70° C.

Abstract: A perfluoropolyether and a composition comprising the perfluoropolyether are provided in which the perfluoropolyether comprises at least one bromine or iodine atom at the primary position of the perfluoropolyether. Also provided is a process for producing the composition in which the process comprises contacting a perfluoropolyether acid fluoride moiety with a metal bromide or metal iodide or a suitable polyether secondary iodide under a condition sufficient to effect the production of a perfluoropolyether comprising at least one bromine or iodine at the primary position.

Abstract: A perfluoropolyether and a composition comprising the perfluoropolyether are provided in which the perfluoropolyether comprises at least one bromine or iodine atom at the primary position of the perfluoropolyether. Also provided is a process for producing the composition in which the process comprises contacting a perfluoropolyether acid fluoride moiety with a metal bromide or metal iodide or a suitable polyether secondary iodide under a condition sufficient to effect the production of a perfluoropolyether comprising at least one bromine or iodine at the primary position.

Abstract: The invention relates to azeotropic and azeotrope-like mixtures of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365) and hydrogen fluoride and a process for separating the azeotrope-like mixtures. The compositions of the invention are useful as an intermediate in the production of HFC-365. The latter is useful as a nontoxic, zero ozone depleting fluorocarbon useful as a solvent, blowing agent, refrigerant, cleaning agent and aerosol to propellant.

Abstract: In a composition which has an amorphous, undercooled, glassy phase containing a water-soluble or water-swellable substance in an amorphous form, a sugar, which is capable of existing as a crystalline hydrate, is used as an agent to dehydrate the amorphous phase by crystallisation therefrom, and thereby enhance the glass transition temperature of the residual amorphous phase.

Abstract: A liquid bubble solution composed of 67%˜89% water, 8%˜25% surface active agent, 2% glycerin, and 1%˜6% fluorescent brightening agent, and adapted to produce bubbles that provide illumination when viewed in the dark and under an external source of invisible ultraviolet or infrared radiation.

Abstract: The claimed invention relates to a process for preparing an aqueous formaldehyde solution comprising absorbing a formaldehyde-loaded gas stream, in an absorption zone, in an aqueous solution comprising from 0.000% to 0.01% by weight of a Bronsted base, based on the formaldehyde absorbed. The produced aqueous formaldehyde solution comprises: a) from 10 to 75% by weight of formaldehyde, b) from 0 to 500 ppm by weight of tetroxane, c) from 50 to 400 ppm by weight of formic acid, based on the formaldehyde absorbed, and d) from 0.2 to 5.0% by weight of methanol, based on the formaldehyde absorbed.

Abstract: The invention concerns nucleating agent systems for foamable polymer compositions, preferably fluoropolymer resins, having foam cell nucleation sites using titanium dioxide based nucleating agents, and foamable polymers comprising the nucleating agents. The nucleating agent systems comprise TiO2, certain inorganic salts, and, optionally, sulfonic acid salts and/or phosphonic acid salts. The invention also concerns foamable composition concentrates and foamed thermoplastic insulation material comprising fluoropolymer and the nucleating agent systems.

Abstract: Nanostructured non-equilibrium, non-stoichiometric materials and device made using the nanonostructured non-equilibrium non-stoichiometric materials are provided. Applications and methods of implementing such devices and applications are also provided. More specifically, the specifications teach the use of nanostructured non-equilibrium, non-stoichiometric materials in polymer and plastic filler applications, electrical devices, magnetic products, fuels, biomedical applications, markers, drug delivery, optical components, thermal devices, catalysts, combinatorial discovery of materials, and various manufacturing processes.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is an agent for the reduction of the degree of shrinkage in hydraulic binders, whereby said agent comprises an alkanolamine of formula R—NH—(AOH) wherein R is hydrogen or a linear or branched aliphatic or cyclic C1-C6-alkyl group, and A is a C2H4-group or C3H6-group, alone or in combination with hydroxy compounds and/or ethers. Furthermore a method for the reduction of the dry shrinkage of binders such as cement, admixed cement, puzzolanas and thereof produced mortars and concretes by means of such a shrinkage reducing agent is described.

Abstract: A method and system for processing a substrate in the presence of high purity C5F8. When processing oxides and dielectrics in a gas plasma processing system, C5F8 is used in combination with a carrier gas (e.g., Ar) and one or more of CO and O2. When using a silicon nitride (SixNy) layer as an etch stop, effective etching is performed due to the selectivity of oxides versus silicon nitride. The method is used when etching down to self-aligning contacts and other layers. The method may be practiced with or without using an anti-reflective coating underneath the photoresist layer.

Abstract: A fuel supplying apparatus for maintaining a stable supply of a mixed water-methanol solution while preventing water from freezing in a cold climate, and for immediately supplying a mixed water-methanol gas that has a composition which is outside of the high-rate reaction region during the starting/stopping operation of the reformer when the control tends to be unstable. The methanol reforming apparatus that generates a hydrogen-rich gas by reacting a mixed gas of water, methanol and air on a catalyst is supplied with the fuel from a fuel supplying apparatus comprising a mixed water-methanol solution tank wherein the molar ratio of water and methanol used for reforming is controlled to a predetermined value, a mixed water-methanol solution tank wherein the molar ratio of water and methanol is controlled to 4.6 or higher, and a switching means that switches the mixed water-methanol solution tank used as a fuel source according to the conditions of operation of the methanol reforming apparatus.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a titanium-containing aqueous solution by reacting a titanium alkoxide with water in the presence of at least one of ammonia, and amines selected from a primary amine, a secondary amine, and a tertiary amine, provided that when ammonia and/or the primary amine only is used, at least one selected from the group consisting of an &agr;-diketone, a &bgr;-diketone, an &agr; hydroxyketone and a carboxylic acid is used in combination.

Abstract: New aerogels are disclosed which comprise silica, at least one organic polymer having polar functional groups, and at least one metal ion. Also disclosed are methods for making such aerogels and for making them as substantially transparent objects. In addition, gas detectors, liquid and gas absorbing objects, and optical devices made using these aerogels are disclosed. The present invention concerns optical elements which are substantially transparent and exhibit low refractive indices. The invention also relates to the optical properties of the metal-containing ions, the silica and polymer which they comprise. The optical elements can be passive or they can be active in response to electromagnetic radiation. The invention further relates to detectors of reactive and absorbate gases based on the physical changes exhibited by the aerogels upon reacting with or absorbing such gases.

Abstract: A low dielectric constant multiple carbon-containing silicon oxide dielectric material for an integrated circuit structure is described which comprises a silicon oxide material including silicon atoms which are each bonded to a multiple carbon-containing group consisting of carbon atoms and primary hydrogens. Preferably such multiple carbon-containing groups have the general formula —(C)y(CH3)z, where y is an integer from 1 to 4 for a branched alkyl group and from 3 to 5 for a cyclic alkyl group, and z is 2y+1 for a branched alkyl group and 2y−1 for a cyclic alkyl group.

Abstract: This invention aims to provide a method for transport and/or storage of live baits adapted to alleviate a loss occurring in the course of transport and/or storage and to maintain a freshness of the live baits for a long period.

Abstract: A substanially pure chemically bound complex is derived from flax containing secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, cinnamic acid glycosides and hydroxy methyl glutaric acid. The complex is obtained by preparing an aqueous aliphatic alcoholic extract from flax and subjecting this aqueous extract to ultrafiltration whereby low molecular weight species remain with a filtrate and higher molecular weight species comprising the separated complex are retained.