Abstract: Methods for forming doped silane and/or semiconductor thin films, doped liquid phase silane compositions useful in such methods, and doped semiconductor thin films and structures. The composition is generally liquid at ambient temperatures and includes a Group IVA atom source and a dopant source. By irradiating a doped liquid silane during at least part of its deposition, a thin, substantially uniform doped oligomerized/polymerized silane film may be formed on a substrate. Such irradiation is believed to convert the doped silane film into a relatively high-molecular weight species with relatively high viscosity and relatively low volatility, typically by cross-linking, isomerization, oligomerization and/or polymerization. A film formed by the irradiation of doped liquid silanes can later be converted (generally by heating and annealing/recrystallization) into a doped, hydrogenated, amorphous silicon film or a doped, at least partially polycrystalline silicon film suitable for electronic devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides unsupported and supported cobalt oxide catalysts and preparation method thereof, and its application for hydrogen generation from a metal borohydride solution. More particularly, provided are an activation method of a newly prepared catalyst and a regeneration method of a deactivated cobalt oxide catalyst.

Abstract: The invention is a stabilizer composition for halogen-containing polymers, comprising a carrier material of the general formula CaxAl2(OH)2(x+2)HPO3.m H2O, wherein x is a number from 2 to 12 and m is a number from 0 to 12, and a salt of a halogen-containing oxy acid or a mixture of two or more such salts, at least one salt of a halogen-containing oxy acid being present in finely distributed form on the carrier material, to a process for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage medium is provided, where the medium is comprised of boron oxide and closely related compounds such as orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, hydrated boric acid, and disodium borohydrate. The medium is substantially an amorphous glassy network, albeit with local regions of order, pores, and networks that provide surface area. Hydrogen is adsorbed by the medium with a heat of adsorption of about 9 kJ/mol to about 13 kJ/mol, a value which is higher than that of the heat of adsorption of hydrogen on carbon. The value for the heat of adsorption of hydrogen on the inventive storage medium is provided by computation, and corroborated by experimental observation. The higher heat of adsorption of the medium provides for operation at temperatures higher temperatures higher than those provided by carbon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a compound for the prevention of a contamination of raw materials, products, water and/or production means, which compound comprises at least hydrogen peroxide, glycerol and glycol acid, and wherein a mixture of glycerol and glycol acid is added to the hydrogen peroxide. The glycerol and glycol acid are combine and stirred while admixing a stabilizer for peroxide mixtures to form a stable gel-like concentrate, and subsequently when required, the concentrate is added in its entirety to the hydrogen peroxide in a previously determined ratio in order to form the compound.

Abstract: The present invention is a stabiliser composition for halogen-containing polymers, comprising a salt of a halogen-containing oxy acid and an inorganic or organic acid or an inorganic base. The present invention relates also to a process for the preparation of such stabiliser compositions and to halogen-containing polymers comprising such stabiliser compositions.

Abstract: A liquid phase process is disclosed for producing halogenated alkane adducts of the formula CAR1R2CBR3R4 (where A, B, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined in the specification) which involves contacting a corresponding halogenated alkane, AB, with a corresponding olefin, CR1R2?CR3R4 in a dinitrile or cyclic carbonate ester solvent which divides the reaction mixture into two liquid phases and in the presence of a catalyst system containing (i) at least one catalyst selected from monovalent and divalent copper; and optionally (ii) a promoter selected from aromatic or aliphatic heterocyclic compounds which contain at least one carbon-nitrogen double bond in the heterocyclic ring. When hydrochlorofluorocarbons are formed, the chlorine content may be reduced by reacting the hydrochlorofluorocarbons with HF. New compounds disclosed include CF3CF2CCl2CH2CCl3, CF3CCl2CH2CH2Cl and CF3CCl2CH2CHClF. These compounds are useful as intermediates for producing hydrofluorocarbons.

Abstract: In broadest terms, a craft composition and a craft composition kit, the composition comprising: a first component in a first container and comprising a first solution of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol and a first colorant, a second component in a second container and comprising a second solution of a tetraborate composition in a second colorant, the first and second components being adapted to present an appearance of striated colors upon initial admixture, which appearance transforms to a uniform single color resulting from the uniform mixture of the first and second colorants. The invention also includes a method of preparing a craft composition.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a composite solid material which fixes inorganic contaminants, based on metal hexacyanoferrate, comprising a solid support coated with a film of an anion-exchange polymer to which is fixed an insoluble metal hexacyanoferrate forming a thin layer, said process essentially comprising at least one step in which said solid support is brought into contact with at least one liquid reactant and at least one step in which washing is carried out with a washing liquid, characterized in that all of the steps of the process are carried out continuously in one and the same receptacle, such as a column, in which the support forms a fluidized bed, the fluidization of which is provided by said at least one reactant or washing liquid.

Abstract: Liquor compositions for the extraction of metallic elements from solid and liquid metal-contaminated starting material such as mineral ores, recyclable wastes, contaminated soils, engraving solutions, metal finishing solutions, battery manufacturing solutions, toxic wastes such as dusts producing through steelmaking processes by effectuating preferably prolonged contacting of such starting material with the liquor to cause the underlying structure of the starting material to be broken down. The contaminated starting materials are more susceptible to metal separation because the released metallic element are readily solubilized in the contacting liquor. Compositions of the contacting liquor comprise caustic silicate solutions containing essentially saturating levels of silica.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions for shortstopping free radical emulsion polymerizations and stabilizing polymers produced from the corresponding emulsion processes. Such compositions include at least one hydrophillic radical scavenger (i.e, shortstopper) and at least one hydrophobic radical scavenger. The compositions are preferably targeted for applications in the emulsion processes of rubber latexes. These compositions exhibit excellent performance not only as shortstoppers of free radical emulsion polymerizations but also as stabilizers of the corresponding polymers. Thus, the compositions prevent additional polymerization in the particles without requiring additional stabilizer even after such polymers are steam stripped. They do so without the use of chemicals which carry a high safety, health, or environmental risk.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation of a mixture of HF and CF3CClFCF3. The process involves placing the mixture in a separation zone at a temperature of from about −30° C. to about 100° C. and at a pressure sufficient to maintain the mixture in the liquid phase, whereby an organic-enriched phase comprising less than 50 mole percent HF is formed as the bottom layer and an HF-enriched phase comprising more than 90 mole percent HF is formed as the top layer. The organic-enriched phase can be withdrawn from the bottom of the separation zone and subjected to distillation in a distillation column to recover essentially pure CF3CClFCF3. The distillate comprising HF and CF3CClFCF3 can be removed from the top of the distillation column while essentially pure CF3CClFCF3 can be recovered from the bottom of the distillation column. The HF-enriched phase can be withdrawn from the top of the separation zone and subjected to distillation in a distillation column.

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to improve thermal stability of bisphenol compounds.

Abstract: An oil treating agent of W/O emulsion, wherein an aqueous dispersed phase is dispersed in an oily continuous phase, and wherein the dispersed phase is an alkaline mixture solution obtained by mixing water, a solution comprising water and an alcohol, or a water-free alcohol solution with an alkali hydroxide e.g. sodium hydroxide or with a metal alkoxide e.g. sodium alkoxide and the continuous phase comprises a liquid incompatible with the dispersed phase.

Abstract: Cleaning compositions including a photocatalytic material and a sensitiser employ a photocatalytic material and a sensitiser at a locus, for example on a surface. The residue combats soils and/or undesired microorganisms at the locus.

Abstract: Fuel cells, and renewable—semi-liquid fuel mixtures, useful as anode materials, for said fuel cells are disclosed. The fuels are comprised in part of materials intercalated with hydrogen, alkali metals, or alkali metal hydrides, dispersed in liquid carriers. The chemical energy generated by the reaction of the fuel mixtures with oxygen, or an oxygen carrier such as air, water, or hydrogen peroxide, can be converted into electrical energy in fuel cells. Once converted, the by-products of the reaction may be collected and those components that where chemically modified in the reaction can be renewed by conversion or re-intercalation of hydrogen, alkali metals, or alkali metal hydrides.

Abstract: The anti-foaming preparations comprise aqueous formulations, which contain at least one substance, from the group of polyhydroxy compounds, non-ionic detergents and phosphoric acid esters and their salts, preferably alkyl polygluocosides, alkoxylated long-chain alcohols and an alkali salt of a phosphoric acid partial-ester. The particular advantage of said aqueous formulations is that they are stable when included in highly alkaline cleaning concentrates.

Abstract: Methods of forming a density gradient by applying a centrifugal field to a solution of one or more metal ion chelate complexes are disclosed. The density gradients are self-forming equilibrium gradients and are useful for separating biological particles by ultracentrifugation. Also disclosed are methods of separating biological particles according to their density. Also disclosed are density gradients of lipoprotein particles and one or more metal ion chelate complexes, wherein the lipoprotein particles are partitioned along the density gradient according to their particle density.

Abstract: A method of joining cellulosic fiber containing surfaces by means of a phenolic, phenol-resorcinol, or resorcinol resin based adhesive system, whereby at least one of the surfaces is treated with a cure promoter composition comprising a carbonate, prior to the adhesive system being applied and a cure promoter composition for phenolic resin based on resorcinol resin based adhesive system comprising a carbonate.

Abstract: A method for making an alkylhalosilane is provided wherein the method comprises heat treating silicon and a form of copper at a temperature greater than about 500° C. to produce a contact mass and effecting reaction between an alkyl halide and silicon in the presence of the contact mass to produce alkylhalosilane.

Abstract: A crosslinking agent for crosslinking ionotropic gels by linking gel molecules by counterion bridges contains the counterions in a state wherein they are bound to a carrier substance. The counterions can be released from the carrier substance under the external influence of a substance, temperature or radiation. For crosslinking of the gel, first a mixture of the gel molecules to be crosslinked and the crosslinking agent is prepared, a molded body is produced from this mixture and then crosslinking of the gel molecules is induced by the release of the counterions from the carrier substance through the external influence of a substance, temperature or radiation.

Abstract: A proportion of Cu3Si in a contact mass is determined by treating the mass with an inorganic ammonium salt, which selectively dissolves all forms of copper including free copper in deference to Cu3Si, which is not dissolved. An initial copper content of the contact mass is determined, the contact mass is treated with an inorganic ammonium salt composition to extract copper in a molecular form other than Cu3Si and extracted copper is subtracted from the initial copper content.

Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for the hydroxylation of aromatic substrates in the presence of oxygen, hydrogen, and a catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, benzene is oxidized to phenol in the presence of oxygen, a vanadium catalyst, and hydrogen. The method is economical, safe, and amenable to commercial scale-up.

Abstract: Solid pulverulent reactive composition for the purification of a gas, the said composition comprising sodium bicarbonate and a caking inhibitor for sodium bicarbonate comprising lignite coke and/or a magnesium compound comprising magnesium (hydr)oxide. Process for the purification of a gas, according to which a reactive composition comprising sodium bicarbonate which is substantially devoid of silica is introduced into the gas and the gas is subjected to removal of dust.

Abstract: In a method for working up a gold bath or a gold alloy bath, which contains gold in the form of a gold sulphite complex, working up takes place through at least one oxidant, which oxidizes the sulphite contained in the complex and reduces the gold contained in the complex to its metallic form. In the method in particular hydrogen peroxide and potassium-peroxo-monosulphate are used as oxidants. The oxidants are provided in a kit.

Abstract: Fumed silica is used to suspend iron sulfates in concentrated sulfuric acid. The suspension system substantially reduces iron sulfate deposits in steel containment vessels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an electrolytic solution containing a solute of lithium hexafluorophosphate. This method includes a step of (a) reacting lithium fluoride with phosphorus pentafluiride, in a nonaqueous organic solvent that is used for producing a lithium cell's electrolytic solution, thereby to form the lithium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in the solvent. According to this method, both yield and purity of the reaction product are sufficiently high, and the reaction can easily be managed. According to need, after the step (a), the nonaqueous organic solvent may be replaced with another nonaqueous organic solvent. The present invention further relates to a method for purifying an electrolytic solution used for a lithium cell. This electrolytic solution contains an acid impurity having at least one hydrogen atom in the molecule.

Abstract: The method of the present invention detoxifies spent aluminum potliners to remove hazardous cyanides, fluorides, and polynuclear aromatics by reacting crushed potliners with a CaCl2/HCl leach mill solution in the presence of iron. The method produces a solid waste suitable for landfill disposal and a recyclable reaction liquor. The reaction to destroy the polynuclear aromatics preferably occurs at a pH of no more than about 0.2, at about 120° C. and 80 psig following destruction of the cyanides and converting of the fluorides to florspar in an initial oxidation at a lower temperature, lower pressure, and higher pH.