Abstract: Methods of forming a diatom-based nanocomposite are provided. The methods include mixing at least one diatomic material, one or more metal precursors, and functionalized graphite oxide to form a mixture. The methods also include exfoliating the mixture in presence of hydrogen to reduce functionalized graphite oxide to graphene and reducing the one or more metal precursors to metal nanoparticles. The methods further include depositing the metal nanoparticles on the diatomic material to form the diatom-based nanocomposite.

Abstract: Disclosed is a closure liner composition comprising a mixture (or blend) of a thermoplastic polymer, an oxygen barrier polymer, and a particulate oxygen scavenging material. The oxygen barrier polymer preferably comprises polyisobutylene. The particulate oxygen scavenging material preferably is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal salt of sulfite, ascorbate, isoascorbate, and a mixture of two or more of these materials. The closure liner composition may be used to fabricate a liner for a closure (e.g., a metal crown used to cap a bottle) that provides superior oxygen reduction properties and improved shelf life.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reduce treating ballast water which has been subjected to a biocidal treatment with a chlorine-based oxidizing agent or an oxygen-based oxidizing agent, by using a tablet or pellet of sodium sulfite.

Abstract: Some or all of the needs above can be addressed by embodiments of the invention. According to embodiments of the invention, systems and methods for facilitating hydrogen storage using naturally occurring nanostructure assemblies can be implemented. In one embodiment, a method for storing hydrogen can be provided. The method can include providing diatoms comprising diatomaceous earth or diatoms from a predefined culture. In addition, the method can include heating the diatoms in a sealed environment in the presence of at least one of titanium, a transition metal, or a noble metal to provide a porous hydrogen storage medium. Furthermore, the method can include exposing the porous hydrogen storage medium to hydrogen. In addition, the method can include storing at least a portion of the hydrogen in the porous hydrogen storage medium.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process of colour neutralizing treatment liquids, wherein the treatment liquid comprises a chromophore selected from the group consisting of monoazo, triarylmethane, xanthene, anthraquinone, hydrophobic dyes, and mixtures thereof, wherein the hydrophobic dyes are selected from the group consisting of benzodifuranes; methine; triphenylmethanes; naphthalimides; pyrazole; naphthoquinone; mono-azo, di-azo dyes and mixtures thereof, said process comprising the steps of: i. providing a mixing vessel with the treatment composition comprising the chromophore; ii. providing to the mixing vessel more than 0.045% of a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of sulfite, thiodiurea, formaldehyde bisulfite formaldehyde sulfoxilate and mixtures thereof; and iii. mixing until discolouration by color neutralization of the chromophore is achieved.

Abstract: This invention comprises a lightweight, portable chemical combination of reagents for sterilizing or disinfecting objects in the absence of electrical power or fire. The chemical combination includes a chemical oxidant with the capacity to liberate a biocidal intermediate, a chemical reductant of the oxidant with the capacity to react with the oxidant, and an effector to induce a reaction between the oxidant and reductant. In one embodiment, the oxidant comprises chlorite, the reductant comprises sulfite, and the effector comprises ascorbate. In another embodiment, the chemical combination comprises the oxidant, reductant, effector and iron-activated magnesium. When water or water solutions are added to either embodiment, the chemical combination generates heat, steam and a biocidal intermediate that can destroy contaminating microorganisms. In one embodiment, the biocidal intermediate is a halogen-based biocidal intermediate, such as chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a packaged particulate bleaching composition the composition comprising: a. from 1% to 30% by weight of a bleach activator, and b. from 10% to 80% by weight of an oxygen bleach, characterized in that the composition is packaged in a packaging system having a Moisture Vapour Transfer Rate of less than 0.1 g/m2/day as measured by ASTM Standard E-96-53T.

Abstract: The invention relates to a preservative comprising at least one isothiazolone, at least one quaternary ammonium compound, and at least one stabilizer selected from the group of sulphite salts, hydrogen sulphite salts, sulphite-releasing compounds and hydrogen-sulphite-releasing compounds, the presence of algicidal triazine being ruled out. The preservative inhibits the growth of fungi, algae and bacteria on or in alkaline coating compositions. The invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the preservative, to its use in a coating composition, and to the preserved composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oxygen-absorbing resin composition, which is superior in oxygen absorbability, absorbs oxygen remaining in the container after sealing, keeps the contents in the container in good preservation, and improves moldability, dispersibility of the oxygen absorbent, stability of the oxygen absorbing performance, performance of preventing peeling and separation of the oxygen absorbent from the base resin, rigidity of the sealing part, and the like, which become problems in the case of including an oxygen absorbent having high oxygen absorbability and low compatibility with the base resin, as well as provides an oxygen-absorbing container cap and an oxygen-absorbing container plug using the same. The present invention provides an oxygen-absorbing resin composition characterized by being obtained by dispersing and blending an oxygen absorbent containing 20% or more of particles having a particle diameter of 1000 ?m or less at a ratio of 20% or less to a base resin.

Abstract: Disclosed, among other things, are packaged bisulfite solutions comprising bisulfite reagent in an oxygen-impermeable container and methods.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of reductively bleaching a mineral slurry comprising adding in the mineral slurry an effective amount of a formamidine sulfinic acid (FAS) and an effective amount of a borohydride to reductively bleach the mineral slurry, compositions comprising a mineral slurry, a FAS, and a borohydride, and final products comprising a mineral obtained by the method disclosed herein.

Abstract: A closure that is able to prevent oxygen from entering the container upon which the closure is attached. Preferably, the closure is comprised of one piece wholly molded of plastic, oxygen scavenging or anti-oxidant compounds, and catalysts homogenously mixed therein. More preferably, the closure is a composition of polypropylene or high-density polyethylene with an oxygen scavenger and catalyst intergrated within the polypropylene or high-density polyethylene.

Abstract: A composition for energy-controlled generation and release of at least one gas, which includes an energy-activated catalyst capable of being activated by electromagnetic energy, and a solid or a liquid containing anions capable of being oxidized by the activated catalyst or reacted with species generated during activation of the catalyst to generate at least one gas. The composition, when exposed to electromagnetic energy, is capable of generating and releasing the gas after activation of the catalyst and oxidation or reaction of the anions.

Abstract: A catalyzer for clean pulping includes sodium salicylate, anion silicate softener, cooking aids, liquid(gaseous) chlorine and water. A process for using the catalyzer for clean pulping includes the following steps: 1, cutting and impurities removing for the raw material, 2, feed preparation and impurities removing, 3, dividing into fibers by refining, 4, catalysis copolymerization, 5, refining, 6, concentration and separation, 7, pulp bleaching, 8, pulp washing and 9, finished pulp. The present invention realizes the clean production; it does not need to digest and does not produce black liquor; the process is simple and is performed at normal temperature; the resource of crops is fully used; the effect of water conservation is remarkable; it is very easy to control each stage separately and/or simultaneously.

Abstract: Decontamination formulations for neutralization of toxic industrial chemicals, and methods of making and using same. The formulations are effective for neutralizing malathion, hydrogen cyanide, sodium cyanide, butyl isocyanate, carbon disulfide, phosgene gas, capsaicin in commercial pepper spray, chlorine gas, anhydrous ammonia gas; and may be effective at neutralizing hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, boron trichloride, fluorine, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, phosphorous trichloride, arsine, and tungsten hexafluoride.

Abstract: Iodine or iodophor stain resistance is imparted to a surface by applying a hardenable coating composition containing an effective amount of a reducing agent having a redox potential sufficient to decolorize an iodine or iodophor stain. The reducing agent reacts with triiodide anion in the stain to change the stain coloration from a yellowish hue (e.g., yellow-white, yellow or brown) towards a lighter hue (e.g., pale yellow, white or transparent). This decolorization reaction takes place over a period of minutes, hours or days, and preferably can eventually cause the stain to disappear.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating boiler and condensate water by the addition of an effective amount of a hydroxyamine-acid ester treatment reagent or an all-in-one treatment composition comprising a hydroxyamine-acid ester. Modification of a hydroxyamine to a hydroxyamine-acid ester generally reduces the odors of the amine while providing a means to formulate the composition into a solid form. The ester typically decomposes at conditions in the boiler to release the hydroxyamine to treat the boiler water. Other components used to treat boiler water and condensate related problems may be formulated with the hydroxyamine-acid ester to form the all-in-one treatment composition.

Abstract: The claims are drawn to a method of detecting seal breakage or incomplete seal formation in a package, said method comprising the steps of: (i) providing said package, prior to sealing, with a strip or ring of an indicator comprising an oxygen scavenging composition which includes a source of labile hydrogen or electrons and at least one reducible organic compound, wherein said strip or ring is located on an internal surface adjacent to where a seal is to be formed, (ii) treating the strip or ring with electromagnetic energy so as to reduce the reducible organic compound to a reduced form which is oxidizable by ground state molecular oxygen regardless of the presence of a transition metal catalyst and such that, when oxidized, there is a detectable change in a characteristic of said composition selected from the group consisting of: colour, fluorescence emission and UV-visible, infrared or near-infrared absorption, (iii) subjecting said package to a sealing process intended to seal the package, and (iv) detec

Abstract: A composition for reducing the concentration of molecular oxygen present in an atmosphere or liquid, comprising at least one reducible organic compound which is reduced under predetermined conditions, the reduced form of the compound being oxidizable by molecular oxygen, wherein the reduction and/or subsequent oxidation of the organic compound occurs independent of the presence of a transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: The invention effectively prevents occurrence of corrosion in water tubes or the like of boilers. The invention provides a method for operating a boiler, including regulating a concentration of sulfate ions SO42− in boiler water to under 500 ppm, and a method for injecting a sulfite base oxygen scavenger, including setting a concentration of residual dissolved oxygen in boiler feed water to 2-4 ppm. The invention further provides a sulfite base oxygen scavenger composition comprising: 3-30 weight % of at least one selected from a group consisting of Na2SO3, K2SO3, NaHSO3 and KHSO3; 1-20 weight % of NaOH or KOH; 0.2-2 weight % of potassium sorbate; and 5-500 ppm of CoSO4.

Abstract: An article of manufacture includes an oxygen scavenger and a zeolite. The article can be in the form of e.g. a film or sealing compound. A package can be made from the article for containing an oxygen-sensitive article such as food. The zeolite reduces migration of odor causing by-products of the oxygen scavenging process. A method of making an article of manufacture having reduced migration of by-products of an oxygen scavenging reaction includes providing an article including an oxygen scavenger and a zeolite; and exposing the article to actinic radiation.

Abstract: A composition for reducing the concentration of molecular oxygen present in an atmosphere or liquid, comprising at least one reducible organic compound which is reduced under predetermined conditions, the reduced form of the compound being oxidizable by molecular oxygen, wherein the reduction and/or subsequent oxidation of the organic compound occurs independent of the presence of a transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: A method for compounding an oxygen scavenging sealant composition is provided. The method includes compounding a gasket formulation with an oxygen scavenging material of reduced particle size. The sealants of the present invention provide a more effective and longer lived hermetic seal.

Abstract: A method for compounding an oxygen scavenging sealant composition is provided. The method includes compounding a gasket formulation with an oxygen scavenging material of reduced particle size. The sealants of the present invention provide a more effective and longer lived hermetic seal.

Abstract: A multicomponent kit for coloring and later removing color from fibers is described, which consists of a first component and a second component. The first component includes a composition for oxidative dyeing of hair and the second component includes an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic composition for reductive removal of color from dyed hair. The composition for reductive removal of color from hair has a pH of from 1.8 to 6 and is in the form of a gel, cream, emulsion, foam or solution. It contains from 1 to 50% by weight of one or more reductones, advantageously ascorbic and/or isoascorbic acid or salts thereof, and, in addition to the reductones, from 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or more thiols or a combination of from 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or more thiols and from 0.001 to 5% by weight of one or more sulfites. It also includes one or more pH adjusting agents and standard cosmetic additive ingredients.