Abstract: Litter compositions are provided comprising sodium bentonite and various fillers. These litter compositions have substantially the same clumpability properties as a composition consisting of only the sodium bentonite.

Abstract: Litter compositions are provided comprising sodium bentonite and various fillers. These litter compositions have substantially the same clumpability properties as a composition consisting of only the sodium bentonite.

Abstract: Litter compositions are provided comprising sodium bentonite and various fillers. These litter compositions have substantially the same clumpability properties as a composition consisting of only the sodium bentonite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sodium chloride composition comprising an iron complex of tartaric acid wherein between 55 and 90% by weight of the tartaric acid is meso-tartaric acid. The present invention furthermore relates to a process to prepare such a sodium chloride composition and to the use of such a sodium chloride composition.

Abstract: A dietary supplement comprising powdered ingredients: zeolite powder: 70%-5%, dehydrated seaweed: 5%-25%, seawater extract: 5%-10% Chlorella: 5%-10% and Spirulina: 5%-10%, methods of making and using the composition.

Abstract: A dietary supplement comprising powdered ingredients: a) dehydrated seaweed: 40-60 wt. %, b) seawater extract: 20-40 wt. %, c) grape seed powder: 10-20 wt. %, d) Chlorella: 5-10 wt. %, e) Spirulina: 5-10 wt %, methods of making and using the composition.

Abstract: A photochromic compound is provided, which may be a pyran, an oxazine, or a fulgide. The photochromic compound has at least one substituent Q attached thereto, each Q independently being —N3, —CN, —COOR?, —CCR?, —C(R?)C(R?)R?, —OCOR?, —OCOOR?, —SR?, —OSO2R??, and/or —CON(R?)R?, wherein each R? is hydrogen, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted alkene or alkyne group having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein the substituents are halo or hydroxyl and R?? is —CF3 or a perfluorinated alkyl group having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms. The number, locations and nature of the constituents Q are dependent upon the structure of the photochromic compound.

Abstract: A composition for use as rock dust is disclosed. The composition may include an inorganic particulate material treated with at least one surface treatment. The surface treatment may include at least one of a fatty acid, a salt thereof, or an ester thereof, silicone oil, silane, or siloxane. Also disclosed is a composition that may include coal dust and mine rock dust including a inorganic particulate material treated with at least one a fatty acid, a salt thereof, or an ester thereof, silicone oil, silane, or siloxane. The mine rock dust may be sufficient to render the coal dust explosively inert. A composition may include a mine rock dust that may pass 20-L explosibility test or may pass ASTM E1515 explosibility test. A composition may include a mine rock dust that may have a dispersion greater than or equal to about 0.1% by weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compositions for preventing caking and crust formation in several types of manures or fertilizers in the form of granular solids. Said compositions comprise at least one phosphoric ester and at least one fatty trialkylamine of formula (III) wherein R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing between 6 and 24 carbon atoms, R2 represents an alkyl group containing between 1 and 5 carbon atoms, R3 represents a linear or branched alkyl group containing between 1 and 5 carbon atoms, or alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing between 6 and 24 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A heterogeneous composition for use as rock dust is disclosed. The heterogeneous composition includes a fine, wet ground inorganic particulate material treated with at least one fatty acid, a salt thereof, or an ester thereof, and a coarse, untreated, dry ground inorganic particulate material. Also disclosed is a heterogeneous composition including coal dust and mine rock dust including a fine, wet ground inorganic particulate material treated with at least one fatty acid, a salt thereof, or an ester thereof, and a coarse, untreated, dry ground inorganic particulate material. The amount of mine rock dust may be sufficient to render the coal dust explosively inert. The fine, treated, wet ground inorganic particulate material may be calcium carbonate. The coarse, untreated inorganic particulate material may be calcium carbonate. The fatty acid may be stearic acid.

Abstract: There is provided provide a method for efficiently producing a rutile type titanium sol having a particle diameter based on dynamic light scattering method of 5 nm to 100 nm that is excellent in dispersibility. The method for producing a rutile type titanium oxide sol comprising: process (a): mixing metastannic acid, a titanium alkoxide, a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, oxalic acid, and water so as to contain 0.02 moles to 0.8 moles of tin atoms, 0.1 moles to 3.5 moles of the quaternary ammonium hydroxide, and 0.1 moles to 8.0 moles of the oxalic acid with respect to 1 mole of titanium atoms of the titanium alkoxide to prepare a titanium-containing aqueous solution with a concentration in terms of TiO2 of 0.1% by mass to 15% by mass; and process (b): subjecting the titanium-containing aqueous solution obtained in process (a) to a hydrothermal treatment at a temperature from 100° C. to 170° C.

Abstract: The instant invention concerns a composition comprising a base polymer, at least one compound of the formula E-(L-E)x wherein: E is and L is a linking group; and at least one transition metal in a positive oxidation state. The invention also concerns packages containing walls comprising such compositions, methods of forming such packages, and methods of packaging an oxygen-sensitive item within such a package.

Abstract: A method of improving flowability of adipic acid includes adding to the adipic acid at a relatively low temperature a flowability improving agent, such as an acyclic saturated monobasic acid containing 10 to 22 carbon atoms or an acyclic saturated dibasic acid containing 10 to 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A composition for sealing exposed wood before finishing the wood, which composition includes polymer solids and an acid neutralizing agent. The acid neutralizing agent may be a weak base and/or a buffering agent. The polymer solids may include acrylate monomers, urethane monomers, and the like. Also disclosed is a method of sealing and neutralizing a wood surface before finishing the wood surface by applying the composition to the exposed wood surface.

Abstract: A composition for sealing exposed wood before finishing the wood, which composition includes polymer solids and an acid neutralizing agent. The acid neutralizing agent may be a weak base and/or a buffering agent. The polymer solids may include acrylate monomers, urethane monomers, and the like. Also disclosed is a method of sealing and neutralizing a wood surface before finishing the wood surface by applying the composition to the exposed wood surface.

Abstract: A composition for retarding water loss and/or heat loss from a body of water comprises a polyoxyethylene ether having the general structure of R—(OCH2CH2)nOH where R is an alkyl group or mixture of alkyl groups, and n is the average number of ethylene oxide units in the polyethylene glycol segment, wherein R is lauryl alcohol and n is 2. The composition can be delivered as a neat liquid, solution, or dispersion in a solvent or carrier, without additional dispersants or spreading agents, and without hazardous or flammable solvents. Embodiments may include a thickening agent to stabilize the dispersion until use. Preservatives, colorants and fragrance can be added. The range for delivery of the composition in dilution is from about 0.1% to about 90% by weight in one embodiment, and from about 0.5% to about 50% by weight, and from about 1% to about 20% by weight in other embodiments.

Abstract: The instant invention concerns a composition comprising a base polymer, at least one compound of the formula E-(L-E)x wherein: E is and L is a linking group; and at least one transition metal in a positive oxidation state. The invention also concerns packages containing walls comprising such compositions, methods of forming such packages, and methods of packaging an oxygen-sensitive item within such a package.

Abstract: Provided herein are exemplary agricultural sunscreen formulations for use in the production of organic crops. One exemplary agricultural sunscreen formulation comprises on a weight to weight basis about 40% to 80% calcium carbonate, about 1% to 5% sodium bicarbonate, and about 15% to 59% water. Also provided herein are exemplary methods for making an exemplary agricultural sunscreen formulation for use in the production of organic crops. One exemplary method comprises combining a first amount of glycerin and an amount of water to form a first mixture, combining an amount of particles with the first mixture, combining an amount of a thickening agent and a second amount of glycerin to form a second mixture, and combining the first and second mixtures.

Abstract: Various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to photochromic compounds, which may be thermally reversible or non-thermally reversible, and articles made therefrom. Other non-limiting embodiments relate to photochromic-dichroic compounds, which may be thermally reversible or non-thermally reversible, and articles made therefrom. For example, one non-limiting embodiment provides a thermally reversible, photochromic compound adapted to have at least a first state and a second state, wherein the thermally reversible, photochromic compound has an average absorption ratio greater than 2.3 in at least one state as determined according to CELL METHOD.

Abstract: A method for avoiding the agglomeration of pellets of several kinds of materials when treated at high temperatures, which comprises: covering the pellets with a long term stabilized magnesium hydroxide suspension which can be stored for at least three months without substantial agitation and without experiencing substantial settlement and solid hard substrate formation, comprising a solid content of about 51% to 61%; a water content of about 39% to 49%; a viscosity of about 500 to 1,500 cp.; an average particle size of about 1 to 2.5 microns; a Mg(OH).sub.2 content of about 50% to 60%; an equivalent magnesium oxide content of 34% to 42%; including a compound that improves the adhesion of the suspension to the pellets at a concentration of at least 30% in an amount of 0.

Abstract: A method of triggering a film containing an oxygen scavenger includes providing composition including a peroxide; and packaging the composition in a film including an oxygen scavenger; whereby the oxygen scavenger is triggered in the absence of ultraviolet light, visible light, and electron beam radiation by exposure to the peroxide or an associated enriched oxygen environment.

Abstract: Preservative composition for various materials and method of preserving the same is disclosed. The preservative composition includes at least one silane-containing material and at least one hydrocarbon solvent containing molecules of at least five carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stabilizer composition for halogen-containing thermoplastic resins, the stabilizer composition comprising (a) calcium hydroxide and/or calcium oxide which may optionally be surface-modified; and (b) a hydroxyl group-containing isocyanurate. This stabilizer composition is particularly suited for weather-resistant halogen-containing resin compositions, such as rigid PVC.

Abstract: Various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to photochromic compounds, which may be thermally reversible or non-thermally reversible, and articles made therefrom. Other non-limiting embodiments relate to photochromic-dichroic compounds, which may be thermally reversible or non-thermally reversible, and articles made therefrom. For example, one non-limiting embodiment provides a thermally reversible, photochromic compound adapted to have at least a first state and a second state, wherein the thermally reversible, photochromic compound has an average absorption ratio greater than 2.3 in at least one state as determined according to CELL METHOD.

Abstract: A method comprises subjecting ant oxygen scavenger to actinic radiation; and then optionally storing the oxygen scavenger in a container, the container configured such that the oxygen scavenger exhibits no substantial oxygen scavenging activity while inside the container. The dosed oxygen scavenger can later be removed from the container, if stored therein, subjected to a second dose of actinic radiation to trigger the oxygen scavenger, and used in packaging oxygen sensitive products. A stored oxygen scavenger, untriggered, is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for coagulating collagen and producing a food product by contacting the collagen with a solution comprising at least about 40% by weight of a phosphate salt mixture wherein the phosphate salt mixture is comprised of at least two phosphate salts selected from the group consisting of monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, and tripotassium phosphate.

Abstract: The method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention mitigates the problem of gold contamination during the SMT assembly operations in the manufacture of Hybrid Multi Chip Modules (HMCM), achieving a high assembly process yield. This target is accomplished by protecting, at the first process step, the gold with a thin layer (0.02–0.03 millimeter) of a paste very soluble in water and washing it off. The protective layer obtained with the above described method is very strong. Furthermore it is very easy to remove, since it is soluble in water.

Abstract: The invention relates to specific non-caking salt (NaCl) compositions with a pH of 1-10 comprising at least one metal (iron, titanium and/or chromium) complex of a hydroxypolycarboxylic acid, a process to make such compositions, as well as the use of such compositions in table salt, road salt, or electrolysis salt. Preferred compositions comprise an iron complex of (meso)tartaric acid for use in membrane electrolysis operations.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of producing a breathable film including producing an inorganic filler by treating particles of an inorganic particulate material comprising an alkaline earth metal carbonate compound by reaction with a hydrophobizing surface treatment agent comprising one or more aliphatic carboxylic acids having at least 10 chain carbon atoms to produce a hydrophobic coating on the particles including a classification step to result in an inorganic filler having a reduced level of interfering particles. The invention is also breathable polymeric films made using the novel filler.

Abstract: A method of protecting a civil infrastructure substrate from the damaging effects of pollution, noxious fumes, weather, and the like. The method comprises (a) providing a composition comprising carbon dioxide and a fluorocarbon such as a fluoropolyether (preferably a perfluoropolyether) or a fluorocarbon elastomer, optionally having at least one anchoring group such as an amide covalently joined thereto, and then (b) applying that composition to the civil infrastructure substrate to form a protective coating thereon. The applying step is preferably carried out by spraying. Compositions useful for carrying out the process of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preservation of a liquid biological sample. The biological sample is exposed to a preservative containing at least about 0.15 g of sodium benzoate and at least about 0.025 g of citric acid per 100 ml of sample. The biological sample may be collected in a vessel or an absorbent mass. The biological sample may also be exposed to a substrate and/or a vehicle.

Abstract: Packages and methods for protecting oxygen-sensitive products from damage or degradation due to oxygen contamination are provided. The packages contain at least two oxygen scavenging materials having different oxygen scavenging properties, arranged so that oxygen contamination from different sources is effectively eliminated. Preferred packages contain at least one oxygen scavenging material to effectively absorb head space oxygen, and at least one oxygen scavenging material to effectively absorb ingress oxygen.

Abstract: Parent disclosure, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,303,133 B1, taught a calcium hydroxide containing evaporation retardant having particles that mutually repel one another because of water-induced ionization. Calcium hydroxide makes the retardant unsuitable for treating overly alkaline agricultural soil, and to substitute plain calcium sulfate for calcium hydroxide would degrade the particle repulsion effect. Substitutable acidified gypsum is made by absorbing about 5 milliliters sulfuric acid per 300 grams calcium sulfate. Blending unemulsified detergent range alcohol in a parts by weight ratio of about one-to-ten with the acidified gypsum produces a soil treatment product for suppressing evaporation of water from treated soil without impairing water infiltration into the same soil.

Abstract: The invention relates to frost-stable aqueous alkaline solutions of highly concentrated o-phenylphenol and to their use as preservatives.

Abstract: An improved composition and a method of scavenging oxygen using said composition which comprise oxidizable organic compounds, transition metal catalysts in combination with certain photoinitiators is disclosed. The method comprises initiating scavenging by exposing the composition to UV radiation. The present composition uses certain defined benzophenone derivatives which maintain effectiveness of photoinitiation while providing reduced migration of the photoinitiator from the resin matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising a combination of compounds providing improved “direct to metal” adhesion and coating compositions comprising said composition. The coating compositions of the invention have improved adhesion when applied directly over metal substrates, especially untreated metal substrates such as galvanized steel, unsanded aluminum and unsanded cold-rolled steel.

Abstract: An anticaking and antidusting composition is disclosed that comprises a protein, a saccharide, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt and an acid. The composition is effective in preventing the agglomeration or caking of particulate materials, namely inorganic salts, and can effectively treat such materials utilizing amounts less than 100 ppm by weight of material being treated. Methods of preparing the composition are also disclosed as well as methods for treating a particulate material with the composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to ink follower for a water-base ballpoint pen with its bubbles removed, time-dependent stability, less oil separation, and greatly reduced lot-to-lot viscosity difference and associated performance difference, and a method for manufacturing the same. After addition of thickener, the follower is made depressurized preferably at 0.2 atm or lower. Simultaneous heating and stirring are preferable. When the ink follower is solely debubbled in advance, fine bubbles contained in particulate silica, clay thickener, etc. can be very highly removed even if the centrifugal debubbling is not so strong and there is no bad affection to the writing property of the pen. It is also possible that, after adding the thickener, a centrifugal force greater than or equal to 200-fold of the gravitational acceleration is applied to debubble.

Abstract: Solid inorganic particulate salts having increased hardness are produced by incorporating a novel additive composition comprised of ammonium sulfate and a naphthalene sulfonate compound.

Abstract: A photo-induced phase transition organic material is composed of a diheteroarylethene-based compound within which the photo-chromic reaction occurs in the crystalline state. The diheteroarylethene-based compound of the present invention reversibly changes in color with light irradiation and also changes in phase from the open-ring form in the crystalline state to the closed-ring form in the crystalline state, or from the closed-ring form in the crystalline state to the open-ring form in the crystalline state via the liquid state, and can be applicable to optical recording media, display panels, sensors, optical switch devices and the like, by taking advantages of its variations in color with light irradiation and also its changes in physical property, such as the refractive index and the permeability, with its changes in phase.

Abstract: The invention pertains to enhancing the dispersion on the surface of a still or moving body of a polar liquid, such as water, of particles of a powder of the composition essentially comprising a monolayer-forming constituent, such as hexadecanol or octadecanol or a blend thereof, together with a high proportion of a soluble or sparingly soluble alkaline earth metal hydroxide, more particularly about five times the monolayer-forming constituent's weight when the hydroxide constituent is—as preferred for potable water evaporation reduction—calcium hydroxide procured as inexpensive pre-powdered agricultural hydrated lime. A melt-processing manner of producing the composition is described. When particles of the composition contact the body of water, so long as lime remains present in any floating particles, they will be individually positively charged, resulting in their repulsion from one another. This enhanced dispersal effect is due to the ionization of the calcium hydroxide.

Abstract: A suspending agent-containing slurry is disclosed which comprises a dispersant and a particulate suspending agent having a particle size distribution in which the particle diameter at weight-cumulative 95%, from the minimum particle size, is 1 &mgr;m or smaller. A method for efficiently producing the suspending agent-containing slurry is also disclosed. A process for suspension polymerization by use of the suspending agent-containing slurry is further disclosed. The slurry not only has such an excellent suspending ability in suspension polymerization that it enables the production of vinyl polymer beads having a narrow bead size distribution, but also is capable of retaining this ability over long and of exhibiting the same ability even when it has a high concentration. The suspension polymerization process enables vinyl polymer beads having a narrow bead size distribution to be produced efficiently due to the use of the slurry.

Abstract: An improved composition and a method of scavenging oxygen using the composition which comprise oxidizable organic compounds, transition metal catalysts in combination with certain photoinitiators is disclosed. The method comprises initiating scavenging by exposing the composition to UV radiation. The present composition uses certain defined benzophenone derivatives which maintain effectiveness of photoinitiation while providing reduced migration of the photoinitiator from the resin matrix.

Abstract: Flaked additive composition for producing stock mixtures of polymers, containing magnesia, MgO, or hydrotalcite, calcium stearate, and N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)-N-stearylamine, or equivalent compounds.

Abstract: A coating composition which forms a peelable coating for protecting surfaces of an object from the outside elements. The coating composition includes a latex of rubber particles and a UV absorber, wherein the rubber particles are present from about 35 to about 50 weight percent in the coating composition. The coating composition may also include from about 0.5 to about 4 weight percent of an antioxidant; from about 0.003 to about 0.03 weight percent of a biocide; from about 0.03 to about 0.08 weight percent of a defoamer; from about 0.07 to about 0.40 weight percent of a thixotropic agent; and a rust inhibitor, wherein all weight percents are based on the total weight of the coating composition. The method of using the composition includes coating the surface with a layer of the above-described coating composition and allowing the layer of coating composition to dry and form a coating which is capable of being peeled from the object.

Abstract: Methods for reducing the fouling of process equipment used in the manufacture of aromatic compounds such as dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate are disclosed. The methods require treating manufacturing process streams with a metal complexing agent. Novel compositions useful in the manufacture of aromatic materials such as dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate also are disclosed.

Abstract: A cut flower preservative slurry composition comprising a water insoluble or hardly soluble cut flower preservative component and a dispersing agent for dispersing the preservative component in water to form a slurry.

Abstract: Novel wood preservatives comprisingat least one copper compound and polyaspartic acid or a derivative of the same,a triazole compound andif appropriate at least one synergistically complementing other fungicide and/or insecticideif appropriate an emulsifier and/or a small amount of alkanolamine.

Abstract: Methods are provided to at least slow the dissolution of silica in an aqueous environment. In the subject methods, the silica surface is contacted with a multivalent metal cation capable of complexing with oxygen atoms present on the silica surface, where contacting is preferably accomplished by introducing a source of the multivalent metal cation into the aqueous environment. The subject methods find particular use in the inhibition of the dissolution of silica comprising neutron poisoning materials employed in the storage of spent nuclear fuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a disinfecting epidermal cleaner using peroxidase, peroxide and iodide. The active components are maintained inactive until admixed in a .[.define.]. .Iadd.defined .Iaddend.proportion with water. The pH at which the peroxidase is stored is between 7.0 and 9.0 and the pH of the admixture of the active components is between 3.0 and 6.5.